Academic literature on the topic 'Mild Misunderstanding'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mild Misunderstanding"
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Che-Chia, Chang, and Penelope Barrett. "Origins of a Misunderstanding: the Qianlong Emperor's Embargo on Rhubarb Exports to Russia, the Scenario and its Consequences." Asian Medicine 1, no. 2 (July 16, 2005): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342105777996674.
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This paper casts light on the myth, current in China before the Opium War, that the Europeans could not survive without rhubarb. The myth has its roots in differences between pharmaceutical theories and material culture in the Chinese and Western traditions. In China, rhubarb was considered a drastic purgative, indicated only in case of grave illness. In the West, in consequence of a specific method of processing, it was regarded as a mild and gentle drug, albeit wonderfully effective in ridding the body of superfluous humoral substances. Thus the same herb acquired completely different images in China and in the West. An important factor that fostered the myth was the Russian government's termination of the rhubarb monopoly in the prelude to the Sino-Russian border conflict in the late eighteenth century. This gave rise to increased smuggling, which was misinterpreted in China as evidence that Russia stood in desperate need of rhubarb. When the border conflict came to an end in 1792, Russia's unusually submissive attitude tended to confirm this misapprehension. This article not only explains why the Qjng government adopted an embargo on rhubarb; it also shows how differing pharmaceutical views influenced international affairs.
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Lu, Yuan, Chaojie Liu, Yvonne Wells, and Dehua Yu. "Challenges in detecting and managing mild cognitive impairment in primary care: a focus group study in Shanghai, China." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e062240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062240.
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IntroductionDetection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is essential in slowing progression to dementia. Primary care plays a vital role in detecting and managing MCI. The chronic care model (CCM) provides effective methods to manage chronic diseases.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore how MCI services are delivered in primary care in China.MethodsFocus group interviews were conducted face to face among MCI stakeholders from six community health centres (CHCs) involved in the ‘friendly community programme’ in Shanghai, China. A total of 124 MCI stakeholders were interviewed, consisting of 6 groups (n=42) of general practitioners (GPs), 3 groups (n=18) of CHC managers, 4 groups (n=32) of people with MCI and 4 groups (n=32) of informal caregivers. Content and thematic analyses were performed using a combination of induction and deduction approaches.ResultsThree major themes emerged from the data corresponding to the CCM framework: hesitant patients, unprepared providers and misaligned environments. While the public are hesitant to seek medical attention for MCI problems, due to misunderstanding, social stigma and a lack of perceived benefits, GPs and CHCs are not well prepared either, due to lack of knowledge and a shortage of GPs, and a lack of policy, funding and information support. None of these issues can be addressed separately without tackling the others.ConclusionThis study combined the diverse perceptions of all the main stakeholders to detect and manage MCI in primary care settings in China. A vicious circle was found among the three interconnected CCM domains, creating a gridlock that should be addressed through a system’s approach targeting all of the above-mentioned aspects.
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Twinkal Mahakale, Gaurav Sawarkar, Vaishali Kuchewar, and Pramod Khobragade. "A concise review of oil pulling as a precautionary measure in COVID-19 pandemic." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (December 21, 2020): 1673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.4047.
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COVID-19 pandemic situations generate myths that create doubt in society that things have to follow due to some misunderstanding and inadequate shreds of evidence ancient medicine lacking behind despite tremendous potential. Various modalities are in force to prevent a pandemic situation; the Dept of AYUSH is playing a very vital role in this condition. The dept. of AYUSH, Govt. of India giving rise to funding to various research institutes, private organizations, and deemed universities. Simultaneously, to combat pandemic situation AYUSH department focusing on Yoga, Pranayama, consumption of immunomodulatory drugs, herbal medicines, diet regimen and release protocol for COVID-19 mild, moderate and severe conditions. In Ayurveda the Kriyakalpa have mentioned: the therapeutic procedures used to cure the disease and practicably act with prescribed guidelines for specific disorders related to the eyes and ear. The Gandush (oil pulling), one of the types of Kriyakalpa, also can be useful to prevent airborne infections. This procedure helps for the oral cavity's excellent health, which can avoid diseases through the air, increasing the immunity power of surrounding organs and avoiding favorable conditions to get infected. It is readily responsive to clear nasal and oral route and decrease Kapha Dosha. This is a very cost effective and easily adoptable procedure having a negligible diet regime and precautionary measures.
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Nur Nazmi, Annisa, Nur Hidayatin, and Linda Dwi Antika Hadi supaat. "Hubungan Persepsi Tentang Vaksin Covid-19 Dengan Kecemasan Saat Akan Menjalani Vaksinasi Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Di Desa Tembokrejo Tahun 2022." PROFESSIONAL HEALTH JOURNAL 4, no. 1 (December 17, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54832/phj.v4i1.317.
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Sources of public concern regarding the Covid-19 vaccine are about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine, vaccine side effects, misunderstanding of the need for vaccination, lack of trust in the health care system, and also the lack of public knowledge of vaccine-preventable Covid-19 disease (Halpin, 2019). Anxiety Feeling experienced by the community can make people doubt or not willing to be vaccinated.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perceptions about the Covid-19 vaccine and anxiety when undergoing a Covid-19 vaccination.
The research method used cross sectional with 60 respondents was selected by purposive sampling technique.
The Data analysis used statistical test fisher's Exact Test using SPSS 25 for windows obtained negative perceptions as many as 47 respondents (78.3%) and moderate anxiety as many as 43 respondents (71.7%) the significance value of fisher's Exact Test perceptions with anxiety in the community in Tembokrejo village was 0.004 < = 0.05 then H0 was rejected Ha was accepted which means there was a relationship between perceptions about the Covid-19 vaccine and anxiety when going to undergo Covid-19 vaccination in Tembokrejo village in 2022.
Positive perceptions will cause mild anxiety while negative perceptions will cause moderate to severe anxiety in the community.
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Jibril, Arwa, and Ross Overshott. "Evaluation of Films That Depict People With Dementia." BJPsych Open 9, S1 (July 2023): S66—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.226.
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AimsFilms are known to influence the public's perception about mental health conditions. Dementia's prevalence in society has been increasing due to the ageing population. Cinema has long struggled with its depiction of mental health as seen with the depiction of schizophrenia, autism and psychosis in many blockbusters and award winning films. However, the depiction of dementia in films has not been as widely explored. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the depiction of dementia in films to assess its clinically accuracy.MethodsA systematic search of keywords related to dementia was completed on the Internet Movie Database. The search was conducted in May 2022. Non-foreign language feature films were used in this paper. Films from 2000 and onwards were used. The films were analysed on the type of dementia they portrayed. 8 themes and tropes were assessed for each film. The portrayal of healthcare was also assessed. Each film was measured against the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire.Results42 films were used from an initial sample of 1,320. Alzheimer's was found to be the most frequently portrayed cause of dementia. Time-shifting was the most common theme. There was a predominantly negative portrayal of care homes with a positive portrayal of carers. The films, measured against the NPI-Q, produced on average a lower severity of neuropsychiatric symptom score and carer distress score.ConclusionThe depiction of dementia was mild in comparison to dementia's clinical manifestation. Films showed a positive portrayal of healthcare workers which can be considered rare when looking at cinema's history with psychiatry. Overall, films did not accurately portray the clinical aspect of dementia as they tended to focus more on the early stages of the diagnosis. However, films were realistic in their depiction of the emotional challenges that comes with a diagnosis of dementia. Film's powerful role in influencing the public's perception could be used to help reduce stigma and misunderstanding. Filmmakers could work with clinicians to help produce accurate portrayals of dementia. Patients experience the emotive aspect of their diagnosis but also equally experience the symptomatic aspects and cinema should be able to embody that. An accurate portrayal can still maintain the appeal of cinema and at the same time help with reducing misunderstanding and stigma held by the public about dementia which can help improve health outcomes.
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Parise, V. Fricchione, G. Balletta, M. R. Landolfi, and G. Manna. "Recovery Versus Remission in Schizophrenia and Related Persistent Psychotic Disorders: no Contrasting but Complementary Models." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73091-7.
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At present there is no consensus on defining “Recovery” in schizophrenia,while there is an accepted definition of “Remission”. Remission model considers “stability” the treatment primary goal and, once achieved, focus is on mainteining stability and preventing relapse. This model reflects a condition where are absent prominent symptoms but may be present some mild symptoms of schizophrenia, retaining not realistic absence of any symptoms. It would require treating an acute psychotic episode,then there still may be a range of no detectable or persistent and disabling symptoms:remission and level of functioning are related but not the same. Some patients could have good level of functioning despite persistent symptoms and others could meet remission criteria despite considerable impairments. Remission is an obteinable outcome for many psychotic outpatients:the point of departure between manteinance and recovery-oriented model happens only after “stability” is achieved;no one could recover in face of repeated crisis,hospitalisation or unrelenting psychotic symptoms. Unfortunately two causes have resulted in a relative neglect of the concept of recovery from psychotic illness:the divide between mainstream biologically oriented psychiatry and the psychiatric rehabilitation movement;the misunderstanding fact that term “recovery movement” is sometimes construed as anti-medication or anti-psychiatry orientation. Irrefuteble point is that recovery model not rejects the importance of remission:stability and relapse prevention. The recovery model besides asserts that achieving remission is the beginning and not the end of treatment plan:then there will be continued efforts to work with patient,family,caregiver,to continue to achieve further improvements in life goals. The “Recovery” patient-centred model have to be embraced as prymary goal by mainstream organizations and services in Mental Health.
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Hill, Robert, Michael Heller, Alexander Rosenau, Scott Melanson, David Pronchik, John Patterson, and H. Gulick. "Paramedic Interpretation of Prehospital Lead-II ST-Segments." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 12, no. 2 (June 1997): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00037432.
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AbstractObjective:To determine the reliability of ST-segment interpretation by paramedics from lead-II rhythm strips obtained in the prehospital setting.Design:Prospective, blinded study of 127 patients transported by an urban/rural emergency medical services system with complaints consistent with ischemic heart disease.Methods:Emergency department physicians asked emergency medical technician-paramedics (EMT-P) via radio to evaluate ST-segments for elevation or depression and grade it as “mild,” “moderate,” or “severe.” Then, this rhythm strip was interpreted blindly by emergency physicians who also interpreted the lead-II obtained from a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) obtained in the emergency department (ED). The field interpretation was compared with the subsequent readings and the final in-patient diagnosis using positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the Kappa statistic. Markedly discrepant interpretations were analyzed separately.Results:Using physician interpretation as the reference standard, paramedic interpretation of the lead-II ST-segments obtained in the prehospital setting was correct (within ±1 gradation) in 113 out of 127 total cases (89%). Of 105 patients for whom final hospital diagnosis was available, the ST-segment on the rhythm strip obtained in the prehospital setting, had a positive predictive value of 74% and a negative predictive value of 85% for myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction (MI) (p <0.001, Kappa = 0.59). Discordant interpretations between the paramedics and emergency physicians often were related to a basic misunderstanding of rhythm strip morphology.Conclusion:Field interpretation of ST-segments by paramedics is fairly accurate as judged both by emergency physicians and correlation with final patient outcome, but its clinical utility is unproved. A small but clinically significant number of outliers, consisting of markedly discrepant false positives, reflects paramedic uncertainty in identifying the deviations of the ST-segment.
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Urdánoz, Jorge. "John Stuart Mill and proportional representation. A misunderstanding." Political Science 71, no. 2 (May 4, 2019): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323187.2019.1701949.
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Ahiakpor, James C. W. "KEYNES, MILL, AND SAY’S LAW: A COMMENT ON ROY GRIEVE’S MISTAKEN CRITICISMS OF MILL." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 40, no. 2 (May 24, 2018): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837217000281.
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Employing different meanings of classical concepts of saving, capital, investment, and money, and incorrectly attributing the assumption of full employment of labor and a world of certainty to classical analysis, John Maynard Keynes ([1936] 1974) faulted Say’s Law as irrelevant to the real world. Roy Grieve (2016) ignores previous clarifications of Keynes’s misrepresentations and misunderstandings of John Stuart Mill’s restatements of the law. He employs similar misrepresentations and misunderstandings of Mill’s explanations as Keynes did. His model of Mill’s analysis is incapable of explaining how variations in relative prices, the value of money, and interest rates coordinate production, consumption, and savings decisions in a monetary economy.
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Jacobs, Struan. "Misunderstanding John Stuart Mill on science: Paul Feyerabend’s bad influence." Social Science Journal 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0362-3319(03)00004-1.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mild Misunderstanding"
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Wallace, Jessica Lynn. ""Building Forts in Their Heart": Anglo-Cherokee Relations on the Mid-Eighteenth-Century Southern Frontier." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1404334391.
Full textBooks on the topic "Mild Misunderstanding"
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Hail Mary: Special Edtion. Kandi Steiner, LLC, 2023.
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The peace that passes all misunderstanding. Unity Village, MO: Unity Books, 1988.
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Diamond, Pamela M. Traumatic brain injury. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0053.
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During the past decade, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a frequent topic in the media. It has been a decade of expanding awareness, increased research, and growing concern about TBI of all severity levels. Consistent with this increased attention, researchers and policymakers have made strides toward greater understanding of the risks of TBI, the scope and complexity of the symptom profiles seen after TBI, and the types of treatments that optimize recovery. Recent studies have confirmed a 50 to 60% prevalence of TBI among prisoners. Most have experienced multiple injuries and experienced their first TBI in their mid-teens. Routine screening for TBI is rarely done in these settings in spite of there being a number of tested instruments available. The cognitive deficits associated with mild to moderate TBI are often indistinguishable from those associated with many mental illnesses and substance abuse. Etiology is difficult to establish; nevertheless, the common symptom patterns often make adjustment to jail or prison difficult. Educational interventions designed to improve staff knowledge of the prevalence of TBI and frequent symptom patterns are important first steps. Training staff how to modify their behavior and facilitate communication with inmates expressing these symptoms may reduce episodes of misunderstanding and potential aggression. Similarly, current programming may be modified to accommodate the cognitive deficits suffered by inmates with TBI as well as other disorders. This chapter reviews the prevalence of TBI in correctional settings, its impact on co-occurring mental illness and substance use, and opportunities to recognize, intervene, and treat patients with TBI.
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Duval, Julien. Correspondence Analysis and Bourdieu’s Approach to Statistics. Edited by Thomas Medvetz and Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.23.
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Chapter abstract Since the mid-1970s, Bourdieu used multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) on a regular basis in order to construct fields and social spaces. After having been long neglected, this part of his work has spurred a new interest for some years. This chapter aims to highlight the very original and rich thought that lies behind Bourdieu’s use of MCA, but which can lead to misunderstandings. The chapter emphasizes three main points: the specific (French) sociological tradition in which Bourdieu’s statistical practices were rooted; the importance of the stage that consists in establishing the data to construct social spaces in an adequate way; and the dialectic relation between the thinking in terms of field and the use of MCA.
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Stephens, Keri K. Meetings as a Site to Negotiate Mobile Control. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190625504.003.0005.
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When mobile devices entered organizational meetings, there was a flurry of responses that sometimes resulted in misunderstandings. Olivia is a manager who’s trying to adapt to her vice president’s strict rule of “no thumbs under the table.” But her direct boss keeps bugging her while she’s in other meetings. Cedric is a mid-level manager in a global advertising firm who is confident his constant BlackBerry use conveys how productive he is; but the president thinks mobile use in his meetings hinders listening. Four key findings emerge: (1) some managers establish meeting ground rules, while others are not so clear; (2) subordinates using their mobiles in meetings are often oblivious as to how they’re being judged; (3) people often multicommunicate in meetings to essentially be two places at once; and (4) concertive control puts a normative pressure on groups that practically forces them to agree to be always reachable.
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Caterine, Darryl V. Haunted Ground. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400662041.
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This fascinating and insightful tour through present-day meetings of Spiritualists, UFOlogists, and dowsers illuminates our obsession with the paranormal and challenges the misunderstanding of the paranormal as a marginal or inconsequential feature of America’s religious landscape. According to a 2005 Gallup poll, 75 percent of Americans believe in some form of paranormal activity. The United States has had a collective fascination with the paranormal since the mid-1800s, and it remains an integral part of our culture. Haunted Ground: Journeys through a Paranormal America examines three of the most vibrant paranormal gatherings in the United States—Lily Dale, a Spiritualist summer camp; the Roswell UFO Festival; and the American Society of Dowsers' annual convention of “water witches”—to explore and explain the reasons for our obsession with the paranormal. Both academically informed and thoroughly entertaining, this book takes readers on a “road trip” through our nation, guided by professor of American religion Darryl V. Caterine, PhD. The author interprets seemingly unrelated case studies of phantasmagoria collectively as an integral part of the modern discourse about “nature” as ultimate reality. Along the way, Dr. Caterine reveals how Americans’ interest in the paranormal is rooted in their anxieties about cultural, political, and economic instability—and in a historic sense of alienation and homelessness.
Book chapters on the topic "Mild Misunderstanding"
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Vendler, Zeno. "Understanding Misunderstanding." In Language, Mind, and Art, 9–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8313-8_2.
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Erena-Guardia, Gema, Mila Vulchanova, and David Saldaña. "Theory of Mind in Autism: From a Primary Deficit to Just Mutual Misunderstanding?" In Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, 161–88. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46742-4_6.
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Rey, Georges. "Searle’s Misunderstandings of Functionalism and Strong AI." In Views into the Chinese Room, 201–25. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198250579.003.0011.
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Abstract I want to expand here on some objections I’ve made elsewhere (Rey 1986, 1990, 1997) to arguments that John Searle (1980a,b/91, 1984, 1990a, 1992) has raised against computational theories of mind. For reasons of space, I will confine my remarks to issues surrounding intelligence and intentionality, and not take on the (to my mind) much more special issues surrounding qualia and consciousness that Searle also sometimes raises.1 I will presume the reader is familiar with Searle’s (1980a) statement of the example of the man in a room, who, ignorant of Chinese, is responding to Chinese sentences with appropriate Chinese responses by following a computer program for Chinese conversation.
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Sunstein, Cass R. "Understanding (and Misunderstanding) the Rule of Law." In Legal Reasoning And Political Conflict, 101–20. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195100822.003.0005.
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Abstract Thus far we have seen that legal systems try to resolve cases rather than choose between abstractions, and that for this reason participants in law try for low-level or mid-level justifications on which broad agreement is possible. In this light analogical reasoning is well-suited to the goals of the legal system in a pluralistic society. Analogical thinking also helps show how legal systems might make space for a process of thinking in which we do not have clear, general rules laid down in advance. This point complicates some familiar understandings of the rule of law.
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D’Iribarne, Philippe, Sylvie Chevrier, Alain Henry, Jean-Pierre Segal, and Geneviève Tréguer-Felten. "Intercultural Team Challenges." In Cross-Cultural Management Revisited, 233–54. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857471.003.0013.
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Working in multicultural teams can be a challenge since members do not share the same cultural references. How can they reach an agreement when decision-making does not mean the same things to participants? How can expatriates empower local staff when managers and employees do not have the same empowerment prerequisites in mind? A Franco-Swedish and a Franco-Malagasy case illustrate these misunderstandings, which are emblematic of the misperceptions that emerge in bi-national work contexts. Training in intercultural communication and awareness of cultural distances are not sufficient to overcome these misunderstandings. In addition, cultural misunderstandings are sometimes strategically constructed and often not even acknowledged as such. A better intercultural cooperation requires deciphering the participants’ universes of meaning.
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Whittle, Paul. "Experimental psychology and psychoanalysis: what we can learn from a century of misunderstanding*." In The Non-Linear Mind, 17–45. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429482571-3.
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Parrington, John. "Crime and Punishment." In Mind Shift, 239–58. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801634.003.0016.
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This chapter focuses on the criminally insane, assessing whether brain biology is significantly different in a serial killer. One of the first people to suggest that criminality arose from abnormalities in the brain was Cesare Lombroso, an Italian surgeon, who in 1871 conducted a postmortem of a serial murderer and rapist. While Lombroso's theories can be dismissed as a product of a misunderstanding of evolutionary mechanisms and the prejudices of his time, this does not mean that the belief that criminality has a biological basis is no longer held. Indeed, there has been a recent resurgence in this view, focusing on the claim that criminality is a product of biological differences in the brain. The claim is based on genetic analysis, and study of the brain itself. One gene linked to criminal behaviour is monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), which encodes an enzyme that destroys a particular type of neurotransmitter as a way of controlling its activity. The chapter then considers the idea of a link between brain injuries and criminal behaviour. The problem in looking for biological differences as the primary cause of criminality is that this could mean less acknowledgment of the role of social environment in the development of a criminal personality.
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Theodore Hoppen, K. "The Island of Ireland." In The Mid-Victorian Generation, 559–690. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198228349.003.0016.
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Abstract From the perspective of British and even more so of English history, nineteenth-century Ireland has been seen primarily as the home port of a troublesome pirate ship, the SS Irish Question. Apart from stereotypical notions suggesting that it was also a land remarkable for the violence, religious intensity, laziness, and jollity of its inhabitants, neither the mid-Victorian nor subsequent generations in Britain have known much about the island of Ireland itself. And it is precisely out of this smooth avoidance of any real engagement with the close and reciprocal connections between developments within Ireland and the changing nature of the Irish Question that many of the misunderstandings and complications of modern Irish British relations have grown.
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Burge, Tyler. "Perceptual Constancy: A Central Natural Psychological Kind." In Perception: First Form of Mind, 64–106. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871002.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 distinguishes perceptual constancies from other invariances in perceptual processing by reference to the science’s use of causal explanations. The objective relevance of all invariances in functional explanation contrasts with the role of perceptual constancies and perceptual representation of the environment in causal explanation. Misconstruals of perceptual constancies are criticized. Instances of simple efference copy and path integration are contrasted with perceptual constancies. Retinal contour integration, a pre-perceptual process, is contrasted with perceptual attributions of contours in the environment. This contrast coincides with a watershed between 2-D and 3-D processing. It is central to understanding the advent of spatial perception. Simple color constancies and distance constancies, or location constancies are discussed. Differences among feature constancies, relation constancies, and constancies in perceptual categorization are outlined. Some misunderstandings of temporal constancies are criticized.
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Hardy Leahey, Thomas. "Psychology as Engineering." In The Mind as a Scientific Object, 126–43. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139327.003.0008.
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Abstract In treating the history of mind as a scientific object in chapter 2, I mentioned various objections to the idea that psychology can and/or should aspire to be a science. In this chapter, I consider some of the objections more fully as philosophical arguments and find them persuasive, if not decisive.1 I then discuss an alternative conception of psychology as a form of engineering, a view recently advanced by Daniel Dennett (1995) and Steven Pinker (1997) and put into practice by the new field of evolutionary psychology (e.g., Barkow, Cosmides, and Tooby, 1992). I try to correct misunderstandings about engineering and try to show that thinking of psychology as engineering allows us to retain the rigor and empirical quality of science while forcefully and sympathetically addressing the concerns of critics who claim that psychology cannot be a science.
Conference papers on the topic "Mild Misunderstanding"
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August, J. K., Krishna Vasudevan, and W. H. Magninie. "Reliability Software to Design New Generating Plants." In ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52003.
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Engineers design plants with overall income and operating cost objectives in mind. Defining system requirements, component functions, and failure modes, they discern risks that drive design. Maintenance costs get considered as an afterthought. Misunderstanding significant equipment failure modes greatly changes profitability. Improving certainty of plant economic success requires reducing the risk of unknown failures. Unanticipated operating restrictions can hobble commercial production. Avoiding unanticipated problems sustains predictable costs and operations. Relational software can reduce economic operating risk during plant design to project and control operating risks and maintenance costs.
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Ishiuchi, Junko, Misako Ando, Sakiho Kai, Chiaki Ujihira, Hiroki Murase, and Takao Furukawa. "Emotion-reacting fashion design: intelligent garment and accessory recognizing facial expressions." In 9th International Conference on Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research (KEER2022). Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research (KEER), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184849.29.
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Although mental disorders have emerged as serious social challenges, social stigma, including prejudice and misunderstanding, hinder suitable treatment for the patients. It is crucial to monitor our internal psychological and emotional states to avoid the unconscious progression of mental disorders. This research aims to achieve emotion-reacting garments and accessories, based on a passive and continuous emotion recognition system in real time. First, this study proposes a systematic design for emotion-reacting garments and accessories, which employs emotion estimation based on facial expressions. Next, emotion-reacting fashion design is discussed for intelligent garments and accessories that interact with our bodies and mind. To achieve this system, a functionally extended collar made of transparent polycarbonate material is designed for integration with the digital camera modules. In addition, this study discusses how to create a physical stimulus on emotion-reacting garments and accessories. The intelligent garments and accessories using RGB-LEDs create visual effects that reflect emotions. In terms of audio effects, emotion-related keywords are employed to select the music played in intelligent garments. Finally, prototypes reacting to emotions are shown
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Caleachina, Olga. "The referential framework of the management concept of the assessment of school results." In 26th International Scientific Conference “Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/cike2022.23.
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Evaluation, being an integral part of the educational process, has an absolutely necessary role in decisionmaking, being present in any pedagogical activity and is in a relationship of interdetermination, of formal interaction with teaching and learning, and which provides necessary information to regulate and improve the didactic activity. The quintessence of the evaluation action is to know the effects of the activity carried out in order to improve the process in the following stages and which leads to a quality education. Evaluation is a chain of these operations. For student assessment to be effective, it must be based on effective learning standards, which are defined by objective success criteria and are used for individual, class, whole school and national development. Thus, the essence of evaluation refers, above all, to a targeted improvement. Missing or misunderstanding this formative function of assessment runs the risk of leading to superficial, haphazard or punitive assessment practices. Bearing in mind that each stage/stage/form of the process of evaluating school results requires organization/direc-ting/completion, which corresponds to the functions of the management process, we record the emergence/formation/of such a discipline/process with the name of management of results evaluation school, which is based on various educational policies and has a legally grounded reference framework.
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Água, Pedro, Armindo Frias, Anacleto Correia, and Mario Simões-Marques. "The impact of cultural diversity on organizational and operational risk levels." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003610.
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The blue economy develops in a multicultural environment, posing an additional risk for the organizations involved. Operations at sea where people are involved, be it in ships or offshore infrastructures, are not free from operational risks, affecting safety of on board operations for example. Moreover, international projects and operations pursued by multinational organizations (such as UN, EU or NATO), have the potential for the risk levels to increase as a result of a particular aspect of human factor – cultural diversity. Crises response and peace operations, for instance, force teaming up people not only with different cultural backgrounds among themselves, but additionally make such teams interface with local populations whose culture is usually much different from theirs. Not being aware of the cultural differences of the involved people may lead to increased misunderstandings, unnecessary controversies, increased risks and avoidable accidents. Conflicts originate from different mental models of the world, which are developed as a consequence of the growing experience – not only within a specific social context, but also national one. Therefore, when people with different backgrounds are gathered as part of a multinational effort, the potential for misaligned perceptions and conflicts arise, and consequently organizational and operational increased risk levels.Several distinct models and frameworks exist to bring understanding over intercultural management; however, there’s barely any established taxonomy or standard model which one could refer to in order to master any situation. Among the main frameworks, we have the ones from Hall, Trompenaars, Hofstede. The purpose of this paper is to bring some clarity, and if possible order, contributing to establish a general framework as a result of the integration, or blending, of the main different ones, and as such provide guidance for professionals who have to face risks in their respective fields of work as a result of the impact of different multicultural settings. Even if the writing of this paper was done with the maritime industry in mind, which is perhaps the oldest multicultural industry in the world, the attained results and practical implications will spill over the purely maritime operations and extend their application into most multinational systems’ endeavours – be it within the business, NGO or security contexts.The methods used comprise the analysis and comparison of the main culture models and associated frameworks, clarifying where such models superimpose each other and where they are complementary. Once they are understood, it will be possible to think in terms of cause and effect and design useful procedures to support the people on the fields, hence contributing to an improved human factor paradigm in what intercultural interactions concern.The expected outcome will be a clearer and tentatively universal model – a proposed taxonomy - which may help to address, manage and keep risks derived from multicultural interactions under control, so their organizational risk level doesn’t arise as a result of such endeavours.Finally, and guided by the principle of usefulness, some practical implications will be presented and discussed; and a summary of suggested actions, followed by some conclusions.
Reports on the topic "Mild Misunderstanding"
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Semaan, Dima, and Linda Scobie. Feasibility study for in vitro analysis of infectious foodborne HEV. Food Standards Agency, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wfa626.
Full textAbstract:
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the Hepeviridae family capable of infecting humans producing a range of symptoms from mild disease to kidney failure. Epidemiological evidence suggests that hepatitis E genotype III and IV cases may be associated with the consumption of undercooked pork meat, offal and processed products such as sausages [1]. A study carried out by the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), found hepatitis E virus contamination in the UK pork production chain and that 10% of a small sample of retail pork sausages were contaminated with the virus [2]. Furthermore, studies have confirmed the presence of HEV in the food chain and the foodborne transmission of Hepatitis E virus to humans [reviewed in 5]. Likewise, Scottish shellfish at retail [6] have also been found positive for HEV viral nucleic acid and some preliminary studies indicate that the virus is also detectable in soft fruits (L Scobie; unpublished data). There are current misunderstandings in what this data represents, and these studies have raised further questions concerning the infectivity of the virus, the processing of these foods by industry and the cooking and/or preparation by caterers and consumers. There are significant gaps in the knowledge around viral infectivity, in particular the nature of the preparation of food matrices to isolate the virus, and also with respect to a consistent and suitable assay for confirming infectivity [1,3]. Currently, there is no suitable test for infectivity, and, in addition, we have no knowledge if specific food items would be detrimental to cells when assessing the presence of infectious virus in vitro. The FSA finalised a comprehensive critical review on the approaches to assess the infectivity of the HEV virus which is published [3] recommending that a cell culture based method should be developed for use with food. In order to proceed with the development of an infectivity culture method, there is a requirement to assess if food matrices are detrimental to cell culture cell survival. Other issues that may have affected the ability to develop a consistent method are the length of time the virally contaminated sample is exposed to the cells and the concentration of the virus present. In most cases, the sample is only exposed to the cells for around 1 hour and it has been shown that if the concentration is less that 1x103 copies then infection is not established [3,5,10,11].