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Journal articles on the topic 'Migratory standard'
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1
Stich, Daniel S., Timothy F. Sheehan, and Joseph D. Zydlewski. "A dam passage performance standard model for American shad." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 5 (May 2019): 762–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0008.
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Objectives for recovery of alosines commonly involve improving fish passage at dams during migration. However, a quantitative basis for dam passage performance standards is largely absent. We describe development of a stochastic life-history-based simulation model for American shad, Alosa sapidissima, to estimate effects of dam passage and migratory delay on abundance, spatial distribution of spawning adults, and demographic structuring in space and time. We used the Penobscot River, Maine, USA, as a case study to examine sensitivity of modeled population metrics and probability of achieving specific management goals to inputs. Spawner abundance and percentage of repeat spawners were most sensitive to survival and migration delay at dams, marine survival, and temperature cues for migratory events. Recovery objectives related to abundance and spatial distribution of spawners were achievable under multiple scenarios, but high rates of upstream and downstream passage were necessary. The simulation indicated trade-offs between upstream and downstream passage efficacy whereby increased downstream passage was required to maintain or increase population abundance in conjunction with increased upstream passage. This model provides a quantitative support tool for managers to inform ecologically based decisions about a suite of management scenarios to facilitate recovery and sustainability of diadromous fish populations.
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Kondo, Beatrice, and Kevin E. Omland. "Ancestral State Reconstruction of Migration: Multistate Analysis Reveals Rapid Changes in New World Orioles (Icterus SPP)." Auk 124, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.2.410.
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AbstractDuring the past century, numerous theoretical articles explored the evolution of seasonal migration in birds; many of these focused on environmental or social conditions that may have led to the origin of migration. More recent work has focused not on the origin of migration, but on changes in migratory behavior that have occurred in modern species and their immediate ancestors. We used a novel approach, a multistate ancestral state reconstruction of migration, to examine patterns of migratory evolution in the New World orioles (Icterus spp.). Both the multistate and binary reconstructions indicated repeated gains in migration. However, the multistate method revealed details of how migration may be gained that the standard binary-state reconstructions would not have shown. Our maximum-likelihood reconstruction, using branch lengths based on a molecular phylogeny, suggested multiple instances of rapid gain of migration. Furthermore, we found that every migratory species' migration type differed from that of its closest relatives. Surprisingly, no partially migratory species was closely related to a fully migratory species. These novel patterns involving gain of migration demonstrate the utility of multistate ancestral reconstruction for examining changes in migratory behavior in closely related birds.Reconstrucción de Estados Ancestrales de la Migración: Análisis con Múltiples Estados de Carácter Revelan Cambios Rápidos en los Orioles del Nuevo Mundo (Icterus spp.)
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Kurowska, Marlena, Elżbieta Sadowska, and Joanna Zawadka. "USTALENIE STANDARDU LOGOPEDYCZNEGO POSTĘPOWANIA DIAGNOSTYCZNEGO U DZIECI DWUJĘZYCZNYCH – UWARUNKOWANIA I WYZWANIA." Poradnik Językowy, no. 6/2021/785 (June 15, 2021): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2021.6.2.
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Gradual, yet constant, changes in the Polish society, which is fairly uniform in terms of culture and unilingual, have been observable in recent years. As a consequence of migratory fl ows, which have covered virtually the whole of Europe, Polish speech therapists (and other specialists) working, among others, in educational establishments, learning disability services, and private practices increasingly often meet non-Polish speaking children and parents. The growing number of such experiences gives rise e.g. to the need to determine a diagnostic procedure standard for such children. This paper is aimed to present selected considerations and challenges regarding the development of a speech therapy standard for bilingual children
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Smutchak, Zinaida Vasylivna, Oksana Yuriivna Sytnyk, and Inna Valentynivna Shchogolieva. "THE APPLICATION OF NON-STANDARD FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT AS MEANS OF STABILIZATION OF LABOUR MIGRATION IN UKRAINE." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA, no. 3(15) (2018): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-3(15)-68-74.
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Urgency of the research. The rapid increase of migration flows from Ukraine threatens not only the loss of active labour potential, but also a significant decrease of the demographic potential of the country, which requires the introduction of effective measures to stabilize this process. Target setting. The solution to the problem of migration management lies in the area of improving social standards, quality of education, economic indicators, and especially the level of employment of the population. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Well - known scientists have made a significant contribution to the study of the Ukrainian migration, its causes, consequences, and possibilities of stabilization: A. Kruglashov, I. Gnybidenko, M. Romaniuk, E. Libanova, T. Lupul, O. Malynovska, V. Makar, A. Pozniak, U. Sadova, O. Sych, V. Troshchynskyi and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. At the same time, the use of flexible forms of employment as a factor of the stabilization of labour migration remains out of the question. The research objective. The analysis of the causes and the vectorial orientation of the flows of labour resource potential, which give rise to the need to use non-standard forms of employment as a prerequisite for the stabilization of labour migration. The statement of basic material. The article deals with the problem of labour migration in Ukraine. The factors of influence and vectorial orientation of emigration of the population of Ukraine are analyzed. The use of non-standard forms of employment as a means of stabilizing labour migratory flows is substantiated. The model of regulation of labour migration through the prism of application of non-standard forms of employment is offered. Conclusions. A number of social and economic factors pridetermines the migratory movement from Ukraine which leads to loss of the human and professional potential of the country. In this context, the use of non-standard forms of employment is one of the effective means of stabilizing migratory flows.
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Landys, Mėta M., Theunis Piersma, G. Henk Visser, Joop Jukema, and Arnold Wijker. "Water Balance During Real and Simulated Long-Distance Migratory Flight in the Bar-Tailed Godwit." Condor 102, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.3.645.
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Abstract We examined Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica), a long-distance migratory shorebird, for evidence of dehydration toward the end of their 4,300-km migratory flight from West Africa to the Dutch Wadden Sea. Bar-tailed Godwits are ideal subjects for research on flight range constraints because they can readily be caught in migratory flight. Because godwits are capable of long nonstop travel, we hypothesized that they are physiologically adapted to minimize en route water loss, and therefore, do not experience water imbalance under standard migratory conditions. To test this hypothesis, we compared the hydration state of flying Bar-tailed Godwits at the end of a long bout of migratory flight to that of recently-landed godwits. Flying godwits were hydrated to the same degree as birds with free access to water, suggesting that godwits maintain water balance during migratory flight. To corroborate these empirical results, we ran a theoretical simulation of flight-incurred loss of water and energy in a male Bar-tailed Godwit based on the published model by Klaassen et al. (1999). When a low body drag is assumed, model output suggests that Bar-tailed Godwits flying at altitudes ranging from sea level to 3,000 m will avoid dehydration, and that flight at about 3,000 m will result in the longest possible flight range.
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Frias-Soler, Roberto Carlos, Lilian Villarín Pildaín, Michael Wink, and Franz Bairlein. "A Revised and Improved Version of the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) Transcriptome." Diversity 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13040151.
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This work presents an updated and more complete version of the transcriptome of a long-distance migrant, the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe). The improved transcriptome was produced from the independent mRNA sequencing of adipose tissue, brain, intestines, liver, skin, and muscle tissues sampled during the autumnal migratory season. This new transcriptome has better sequencing coverage and is more representative of the species’ migratory phenotype. We assembled 20,248 transcripts grouped into 16,430 genes, from which 78% were successfully annotated. All the standard assembly quality parameters were improved in the second transcriptome version.
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Akande, Olamide Abigael, Olusola Samuel Jolayemi, Matthew Olusola Oluwamukomi, Oluwatooyin Faramade Osundahunsi, Oluwole Steve Ijarotimi, Elizabeth Alagbe, and Damilola Ibitoye. "Safety Assessment of Locusta migratoria Powder Enriched Peanut-Based Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF)." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 26, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2022-0016.
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Abstract Migratory locust has been widely reported as a quality protein source. However, there are food safety problems related with the usage of insects as food. In this study, migratory locust powder (MLP) was used as a protein supply alternative to milk powder (MP) in peanut-based RUTFs. Seven formulations were obtained at different substitution levels (0 – 30%) of MP with MLP. Pesticide residues, aflatoxins, triazine and toxic metals were analysed using a GC-MS system and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Formulation with 30% MLP and without milk have the highest level of organochlorine (3.22 µg/kg), organophosphorus (0.40-4.56µg/kg) amongst others. Aflatoxins of the therapeutic foods increased with increasing levels of MLP. The heavy metals, melamine, and cyanuric acid of the RUTFs were below the standard permissible limits. Migratory locust powder could be used as an alternate protein source in the formulation of peanut based RUTFs without posing health threat.
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G S, NAVEEN KUMAR, VANI A, and BASAVARAJ INAMDAR. "Sheep pastoralism in southern Karnataka." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i3.122282.
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Present study was conducted to understand and document the migratory system followed, socio-economic status, management and healthcare practices adopted by pastoralists of southern Karnataka. In-person interview method with a structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from 25 shepherd groups on migration. Migration starts during December and continues for 6–8 months covering around 200 km. The breed is locally called Tumkur or Sira sheep which is not yet recognized as a separate breed. Migratory flock usually contains 1,000 to 1,200 sheep, 50 goats, 10 donkeys and 2–4 dogs. The average adult male to female ratio is 1 : 22. Sale of lambs and penning rental are the main sources of income. Sheep pastoralism is an established and effective way of utilizing the excess green cover in transient regions by the sheep from pasture deficient dry zones. Maintaining the social and community pasture and forest lands at their home place will be a benefit during the lean and non-migratory periods. Assessing the migratory paths, fodder and water resource and penning demand by the farmers on migratory tract will help policy makers to provide suitable interventions to curtail the problems of pastoralists. The traditional knowledge of shepherds should be documentedand validated for larger use. The pastoralists need to be educated and trained about the use of digital finance management, herd diversification, health management and government schemes to increase their profitability and standard of living.
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Sloat, Matthew R., and Gordon H. Reeves. "Individual condition, standard metabolic rate, and rearing temperature influence steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) life histories." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 4 (April 2014): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0366.
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We reared juvenile Oncorhychus mykiss with low and high standard metabolic rates (SMR) under alternative thermal regimes to determine how these proximate factors influence life histories in a partially migratory salmonid fish. High SMR significantly decreased rates of freshwater maturation and increased rates of smoltification in females, but not males, after 1 year of rearing. Warmer water temperatures significantly decreased rates of freshwater maturation and increased rates of smoltification in both sexes. Variation in individual growth influenced the probability of adopting anadromy or freshwater residency as life histories, but produced paradoxical results. Individuals with the highest growth performance within their respective temperature treatments had a higher probability of freshwater maturation, but warmer temperatures decreased freshwater maturation despite significantly increasing somatic growth. Whole-body lipid content was significantly lower for fish reared in the warm temperature treatment, which may explain the decreased probability of freshwater maturation for individuals exposed to warmer temperatures. Our results indicate that changes in somatic growth induced by altered thermal regimes can influence the relationship between body size and the probability of maturation. Accordingly, somatic growth may not be a robust predictor of shifts in the prevalence of anadromy and residency in partially migratory salmonids when compared across thermal regimes.
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RATHOD, B. S., M. P. PATEL, A. B. CHAUDHARI, Y. M. GAMI, and H. H. PANCHASARA. "Conservation and improvement of Kankrej cattle (Bos indicus): Status vis-Ã -vis strategies." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 8 (January 6, 2021): 1130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i8.109292.
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The present study was conducted at Livestock Research Station, to compare performance of Kankrej cattle at farm and field condition, and to suggest strategies for the overall improvement of this prestigious breed. The average lactation yield (lit.), standard lactation (lit.), fat percentage, age at first calving and calving interval in the farmers herd was 1669.96±12.24 (1523), 1751.23±12.94 (617), 4.13±0.03 (617), 1464.08±18.41 (260) and 549.93±8.61 (387), respectively during the initial phage of progeny testing program initiated by station and the performance of migratory herd was 2.64 litre (wet average). While, the average lactation yield (lit.), standard lactation (lit.), fat percentage, age at first calving and calving interval at station was 2682.27±126.71 (59), 2501.15±87.72 (59), 4.08±0.09 (49), 1218.42±35.27 (12) and 435.73±13.94 (36), respectively (Elite herd, Anonymous 2018). The lactation yield of daughters born under the progeny testing program was 2050.29±119.20 (104) litres. Looking to the performance gap between the herd maintained at station, field and pastoralist indicates wide scope for the genetic improvement in Kankrej breed by following strict breeding strategies which are discussed in this paper. Conclusively, intensive selective breeding with the use of artificial insemination technology at large scale and progeny testing with precise recording at small scale will solve the purpose in the non-migratory population while, supply of high genetic merit male calf or proven bull’s male calf to the Maldharis having migratory population.
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Hayes, Daniel, Gail Fricano, James Turek, Adrian Jordaan, Brandon Kulik, Mary Baker, and Jason Murray. "Predicting response of migratory fish populations to dam removal." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.026.01.79.
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Abstract Dam removal is a potential habitat restoration alternative through which parties responsible for injuries to natural resources can provide compensation for reductions in fish populations. Predicting the potential response of migratory fish populations to candidate dam removal(s) is a critical step in the natural resource damage assessment process to evaluate whether the proposed action provides adequate compensation. There is currently no standard approach to making such predictions, particularly in cases where data on candidate streams with dams are limited. We considered six modeling approaches for addressing this problem and evaluated the features of each approach for this application. We judged that an approach based on habitat suitability indices and weighted usable area provides the best balance between predictive capacity and cost of model implementation. This balancing act evaluating the cost effectiveness of predictive models is worth consideration in a wide range of fisheries modeling applications.
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Clark, K., A. Cole, X. Shiwen, V. Ong, C. D. Buckley, and C. P. Denton. "POS0481 DEFINING DISTINCT RESIDENT AND MIGRATORY FIBROBLAST POPULATIONS FROM SKIN BIOPSIES IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 495.2–496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2678.
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BackgroundRecent studies using single cell RNA sequencing have delineated distinct subpopulations of fibroblasts in skin and other organs. To improve understanding of functional differences between fibroblast subpopulations, we have developed a novel technique to selectively isolate “migratory” fibroblasts, and non-migratory “resident” fibroblasts from heathy control (HC) and SSc skin.ObjectivesTo compare migratory and resident populations of dermal fibroblasts in systemic sclerosis by their differential gene or protein expression, and through functional assays of fibrotic potential.MethodsForearm skin punch biopsies were collected from dcSSc(n=3), and healthy control skin(n=3).Migratory fibroblasts were first isolated by standard explant culture, then the residual biopsy fragments underwent collagenase digestion to yield a population of resident fibroblasts that retained in the biopsy fragments. These populations were further expanded for use at passage 3-6.Functional characterisation included 3-D collagen gel contraction, and migratory scratch-wound assays. Expression of pro-collagen I (Col1), CTGF and αSMA was compared by western blot. Bulk RNAseq on each fibroblast population was performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using Rsoftware “tidyverse”. Criteria for significant differences in gene expression were a fold change of ≥1.5, and adjusted p-value (FDR) of <0.05ResultsCompared with HC, all SSc fibroblast populations showed a hallmark fibrotic phenotype with increased gel contraction, faster migration, and overexpression of Col1, CTGF and αSMA compared with HC. However, SSc resident fibroblasts showed attenuated contraction, migration, and reduced levels of αSMA compared to migratory SSc fibroblasts. Bulk RNAseq performed on each fibroblast population confirmed 5579 significantly differentially expressed genes between SSc resident and SSc migratory fibroblasts, whereas no genes were significantly differentially expressed between HC resident and migratory fibroblasts.SSc and HC migratory fibroblasts and resident fibroblasts were then compared, to understand disease-related differences between the two fibroblast populations. 739 genes were significantly overexpressed in the migratory fibroblast population (including ASPM, TRIP3), whereas 745 genes were significantly upregulated in the resident fibroblast population. The genes upregulated in resident fibroblasts included CCL2, CXCL8, and ICAM1.Many genes typically associated with SSc (such as SERPINE1, COMP), were not significantly different between the SSc fibroblast subpopulations, but were significantly elevated in both SSc subpopulations compared to HC fibroblast populations, suggesting that these reflect a more generic SSc phenotype.ConclusionMigratory and resident SSc fibroblast populations exhibit distinct functional and transcriptional differences that are much less apparent for HC biopsies. Further work is required to understand the precise contribution these distinct SSc fibroblast populations in pathogenesis, and how they might be targeted therapeutically. Our findings also highlight that conventional explant culture techniques may ignore important fibroblasts populations and highlight the importance of more detailed analysis such as single cell analysis to better understand pathobiology of SSc.Table 1.Table of the most significantly differentially expressed genes with highest fold change and adjusted p-value (FDR) between the migratory and resident SSc fibroblast populationSignificantly upregulated genes in SSc migratory fibroblastsSignificantly upregulated genes in SSc resident fibroblastsFold changeAdjusted p valueFold changeAdjusted p valueGPR15.990.01CCL238.66<0.0001PPME14.860.011CXCL824.360.0001KIF20A4.340.015ICAM115.38<0.0001CENPF4.310.018EGR115.190.0002STC24.180.01EGR212.770.0002ASPM3.880.02IFI44L11.50.002TRIB33.600.011CXCL611.43<0.0001HAPLN13.360.039PDGF-D10.140.0003CCNB23.290.025OAS38.940.0009KIF143.240.027IFIT18.580.004Disclosure of InterestsKristina Clark: None declared, Alice Cole: None declared, Xu Shiwen: None declared, Voon Ong: None declared, Christopher D Buckley Employee of: founder of Mestag Therapeutics https://mestagtherapeutics.com/, Christopher P Denton: None declared.
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CHATTERJEE, SAMRAT, S. PAL, and J. CHATTOPADHYAY. "ROLE OF MIGRATORY BIRDS UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL FLUCTUATION — A MATHEMATICAL STUDY." Journal of Biological Systems 16, no. 01 (March 2008): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339008002423.
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Chatterjee and Chattopadhyay1proposed and analyzed a simple one season eco-epidemiological model to understand the role of migratory birds in an eco-epidemiological scenario. In this paper, we have modified their model taking into account standard incidence as horizontal incidence. We have studied the proposed model both in the absence and in the presence of environmental disturbances. From our analysis, we observe that in the absence of the environmental fluctuations, the disease spread by migratory birds may be controlled by either decreasing the contact rate, or increasing the recovery or predation rates. Further, we also observe that if the artificial eutrophication (or intensity of white noise) is kept under a certain threshold value, the control procedure proposed in the deterministic case is also valid in the presence of environmental disturbances.
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Shanahan, Maggie, Michael Simone-Finstrom, Philip Tokarz, Frank Rinkevich, Quentin D. Read, and Marla Spivak. "Thinking inside the box: Restoring the propolis envelope facilitates honey bee social immunity." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): e0291744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291744.
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When wild honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) nest in hollow tree cavities, they coat the rough cavity walls with a continuous layer of propolis, a substance comprised primarily of plant resins. Studies have shown that the resulting “propolis envelope” leads to both individual- and colony-level health benefits. Unfortunately, the smooth wooden boxes most commonly used in beekeeping do little to stimulate propolis collection. As a result, most managed bees live in hives that are propolis-poor. In this study, we assessed different surface texture treatments (rough wood boxes, boxes outfitted with propolis traps, and standard, smooth wood boxes) in terms of their ability to stimulate propolis collection, and we examined the effect of propolis on colony health, pathogen loads, immune gene expression, bacterial gene expression, survivorship, and honey production in both stationary and migratory beekeeping contexts. We found that rough wood boxes are the most effective box type for stimulating propolis deposition. Although the use of rough wood boxes did not improve colony survivorship overall, Melissococcus plutonius detections via gene expression were significantly lower in rough wood boxes, and viral loads for multiple viruses tended to decrease as propolis deposition increased. By the end of year one, honey bee populations in migratory rough box colonies were also significantly larger than those in migratory control colonies. The use of rough wood boxes did correspond with decreased honey production in year one migratory colonies but had no effect during year two. Finally, in both stationary and migratory operations, propolis deposition was correlated with a seasonal decrease and/or stabilization in the expression of multiple immune and bacterial genes, suggesting that propolis-rich environments contribute to hive homeostasis. These findings provide support for the practical implementation of rough box hives as a means to enhance propolis collection and colony health in multiple beekeeping contexts.
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Busse, Przemysław. "An Analysis of Orientation Cage Field Data – A Case Study of Headings of the Blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla, at the Bukowo/Kopań Ringing Site in Poland." Ring 42, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2020-0004.
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Abstract One of the most effective methods of studying the migratory patterns of nocturnal passerine migrants is the use of orientation cages as a supplementary procedure at ringing sites. The most comprehensive studies using orientation cages (Busse’s Flat Orientation Cage) were conducted within the SEEN network (SE European Bird Migration Network), with more than 43,000 tests performed at more than 40 ringing sites in autumn. A number of papers were published based on these data, presenting an overall pattern of passerine migration over SE Europe-Middle East-NE Africa. For more detailed analyses, it was first necessary to solve some methodical problems within case studies. The current work presents details for discussion based on data from 1338 tests of Blackcaps performed during the years 1995–2010 at a single ringing station, Bukowo/Kopań, located on the Polish Baltic coast. The birds were tested according to the standard methodology of the SEEN network (Busse 2000). The problems investigated were (1) the repeatability of heading patterns obtained in different years, (2) the linearity of the estimated arrival and departure headings, and (3) quantitative aspects of the results in the description of the heading pattern when migratory groups are found. It was determined that (1) yearly heading patterns were generally coherent and could be analysed as uniform case data; (2-1) the hypothesis that the arrival/departure heading axes are generally linear is accurate to within about one 10° sector, at least in the case of the Blackcap. This is coherent with impressions from other known data sets, but does not mean that the rule always applies to all species at every location on the migration route. In the future, this problem should be studied on a more detailed scale. It was further established that (2-2) estimating arrival and departure headings makes it possible to define migratory groups (populations) passing the study site. The direct heading estimation procedure seems to be more sensitive in identifying migratory groups than the calculation procedure. Moreover, (3-1) the calculation procedure makes it possible to estimate some quantitative properties of headings of migratory groups and define some interesting, though preliminary, number patterns of local migratory patterns; (3-2) the number relations between birds demonstrating the arrival and departure headings of the migratory group seem to be an interesting parameter for study on the distance of migration of groups within a species and, possibly, between species. This is another interesting problem that cage tests could be used to solve in the future. Finally, (3-3) knowledge about trends of individual populations passing the defined site becomes accessible only using analysis of data from orientation cages. The estimated quantitative indices discussed above could be helpful in presenting the general migratory pattern of the species on a geographical scale.
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Sizemore, Grant. "Do A Little, Save A Lot: Keep Cats Indoors." Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 32, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v32.37.
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As self‒proclaimed bird lovers, members of birding and nature organizations across the country are positioned uniquely to enjoy, monitor, and protect America’s resident and migratory birds. Whereas enjoying and monitoring these birds is standard practice, how to protect the birds we see is sometimes less apparent. It turns out that one of the best ways to contribute to bird conservation in the United States (US) is to promote the practice of keeping domestic cats (Felis catus) indoors.
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Liu, Li, Chao Du, Yan Sun, Wenjing Li, Jiyun Zhang, Litong Cao, and Li Gao. "Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China." PeerJ 10 (March 15, 2022): e13113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13113.
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The Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China is an important resting and energy replenishment place for many migratory birds, such as tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus). The energy supply of food available at stopover sites plays an important role in the life cycle of migratory birds. In order to understand diet composition and energy supply of tundra swans for further protection of them, in this study, fecal of tundra swans (C. columbianus) were collected and fecal microhistological analysis was conducted to analyze the feeding habits and the energy supply. Results showed that: (1) tundra swans (C. columbianus) mainly fed on twelve species of plants from five families, including corn (Zea mays), quinoa (Chenopodium album) and rice (Oryza sativa), this is related to local crops and abundant plants. (2) The energy provided by crops to tundra swans (C. columbianus) was significantly higher than other abundant plants in wetlands (P < 0.05), corn and rice were the most consumed food, and other abundant wetland plants play complementary roles. (3) The daily energy intake of tundra swans (C. columbianus) was much higher than their daily energy consumption, the daily net energy intake of tundra swans (C. columbianus) was 855.51 ± 182.88 kJ (mean ± standard deviations). This suggested that the wetland provides energy for continue migrating to the tundra swan (C. columbianus). For further protection of tundra swans (C. columbianus) and other migratory birds, the Baotou Yellow River National Wetland environment and the surrounding farmland habitat should be protected.
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Wiff, Rodrigo, Andrés Flores, Santiago Gacitúa, Carl R. Donovan, T. Mariella Canales, Mauricio Ahumada, and Dante Queirolo. "A pilot tagging program on southern rays bream (Brama australis): methodology and preliminary recaptures." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 51, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue1-fulltext-2950.
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The southern rays bream (Brama australis) is a highly migratory, epi-mesopelagic species supporting an important artisanal fishery off central-southern Chile. Despite its importance, several questions exist about this species's demography and migratory routes. The first step in understanding the migratory behavior of B. australis is to test the feasibility of a conventional tagging program, a standard mark-recapture method, to infer migration in fish. Between February 2020 and December 2021, conventional tagging was conducted during 21 fishing trips on board artisanal vessels off Lebu harbor (Biobío Region, Chile) using gillnets, longlines, and handlines. Three thousand nine hundred forty-six individuals of B. australis between 30 and 55 cm fork length were tagged using external T-anchor bar labels (commonly known as "spaghetti"). Approximately 100 and 200 fish were tagged per fishing trip using longlines and gillnets, respectively. The size distribution of the tagged individuals was consistent with those retained in the catch, with 90% of tagged fish being longer than the fork length at 50% maturity. Eight tags have been recovered off the coast of Lebu up to May 2022. With times at liberty between 50 and 537 days. These preliminary recaptures are also analyzed in the context of the conceptual model for demography and migration proposed for this species in Chile. The main conclusion of this research is that a conventional tagging program is feasible for B. australis in Chile.
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Neiff, Juan José, Alicia Poi de Neiff, and Marta B. Canón Verón. "The role of vegetated areas on fish assemblage of the Paraná River floodplain: effects of different hydrological conditions." Neotropical Ichthyology 7, no. 1 (March 2009): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252009000100006.
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In this paper, we analyze the changes in composition and abundance of fish assemblages in seven vegetated floodplain wetlands with different connectivity across different hydrologic conditions: after a prolonged connection of the floodplain with the main channel, during receding water, and after a prolonged isolation. We also investigated the size and abundance of large-sized migratory species found in these wetlands and the food resources exploited by the dominant fish. Fishes were captured by diurnal seining (8.0 m x 1.50 m, 5 mm mesh) along macrophyte banks. Despite the high total number of species registered (100), sample species richness varied between 7 and 31, depending on the sampling site and the sampling date. Cluster analysis indicated low similarity between sites during both the isolation and the prolonged connection. Species turnover decreased from high water (β = 40.33) to low water (β = 33.83), with the minimum value of beta diversity index obtained during the isolation of the floodplain wetlands (β = 26.83). Our results indicated that different dominant populations of fish occur in different hydrological conditions, even though high water and isolation phases occur in the same season of different years. The ordination (NMDS) indicated the importance of hydrologic conditions in structuring fish assemblages in the studied floodplain. Small-sized characids, typically associated with macrophytes, dominated the fish assemblages, whereas the younger stages of large sized migratory species were found in low abundance. The maximum standard length of the fish captured was 28 cm and for large migratory fish, standard length varied between 1.6 and 25.0 cm. The dominant fish used several food resources, but littoral macrophytes-associated organisms had a high frequency of occurrence in the three hydrologic conditions. The high species richness of fish in the small, vegetated lakes was related to the high spatial heterogeneity during different hydrological conditions. Disturbances in the hydrological pulses could reduce the biodiversity by modifying the connectivity of the floodplain with the river channel. Conservation of these vegetated wetlands requires maintenance of actual width range of connectivity that provide diverse habitat along the time.
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Ghassemi, Parham, Koran S. Harris, Xiang Ren, Brittni M. Foster, Carl D. Langefeld, Bethany A. Kerr, and Masoud Agah. "Comparative study of prostate cancer biophysical and migratory characteristics via iterative mechanoelectrical properties (iMEP) and standard migration assays." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 321 (October 2020): 128522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128522.
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Peppicelli, Silvia, Jessica Ruzzolini, Francesca Bianchini, Elena Andreucci, Chiara Nediani, Anna Laurenzana, Francesca Margheri, Gabriella Fibbi, and Lido Calorini. "Anoikis Resistance as a Further Trait of Acidic-Adapted Melanoma Cells." Journal of Oncology 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8340926.
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Melanoma is characterized by a low extracellular pH, which contributes to the development of an aggressive phenotype characterized by several properties as the switch to an epithelial-to-mesenchymal program, the increase of apoptotic resistance, and the migratory ability together with the development of drug resistance. Here, we demonstrate that melanoma cells grown in low pH medium (pH 6.7) for a short (24 hours) or long (at least 3 months) period equally express an anoikis resistance profile. Anoikis is a form of apoptosis prompted by loss of adhesion, particularly requested by aggressive cancer cells to metastasize. Anoikis resistance was ascertained in acidic melanoma cells either grown in agarose-coated plates or incubated in rocking conditions. Both analyses indicate that acidic cells were more able to survive in a nonadherent condition than cells grown in standard pH, an effect resulting in a more cloning efficiency and migratory ability. Ability to survive during rocking was inhibited using mTOR/NF-kB inhibitors. Finally, we checked whether characteristics related to thein vitroanoikis resistance acquired by acidic melanoma cells might be also suitable forin vivochallenge. We injected acidic melanoma cells into blood stream, and then we verify how many cells survived in blood after 15 min from the injection. Only acidic cells, transient and chronic, survived, whereas melanoma cells grown in standard pH medium did not. Overall, we have had the opportunity to demonstrate that low extracellular pH represents an additional mechanism able to promote an anoikis resistance in solid tumors.
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BOLTON, F. J., S. B. SURMAN, K. MARTIN, D. R. A. WAREING, and T. J. HUMPHREY. "Presence of campylobacter and salmonella in sand from bathing beaches." Epidemiology and Infection 122, no. 1 (February 1999): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268898001915.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in sand from non-EEC standard and EEC standard designated beaches in different locations in the UK and to assess if potentially pathogenic strains were present. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 82/182 (45%) of sand samples and Salmonella spp. in 10/182 (6%). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 46/92 (50%) of samples from non-EEC standard beaches and 36/90 (40%) from EEC standard beaches. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was greater in wet sand from both types of beaches but, surprisingly, more than 30% of samples from dry sand also contained these organisms. The major pathogenic species C. jejuni and C. coli were more prevalent in sand from non-EEC standard beaches. In contrast, C. lari and urease positive thermophilic campylobacters, which are associated with seagulls and other migratory birds, were more prevalent in sand from EEC standard beaches. Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by biotyping and serotyping, which confirmed that strains known to be of types associated with human infections were frequently found in sand on bathing beaches.
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Pavlova, Svetlana, Lika Fab, Ekaterina Savchenko, Anastasia Ryabova, Marina Ryzhova, Alexander Revishchin, Igor Pronin, Dmitry Usachev, Alexey Kopylov, and Galina Pavlova. "The Bi-(AID-1-T) G-Quadruplex Has a Janus Effect on Primary and Recurrent Gliomas: Anti-Proliferation and Pro-Migration." Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 1 (January 7, 2024): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph17010074.
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High-grade gliomas are considered an incurable disease. Despite all the various therapy options available, patient survival remains low, and the tumor usually returns. Tumor resistance to conventional therapy and stimulation of the migratory activity of surviving cells are the main factors that lead to recurrent tumors. When developing new treatment approaches, the effect is most often evaluated on standard and phenotypically depleted cancer cell lines. Moreover, there is much focus on the anti-proliferative effect of such therapies without considering the possible stimulation of migratory activity. In this paper, we studied how glioma cell migration changes after exposure to bi-(AID-1-T), an anti-proliferative aptamer. We investigated the effect of this aptamer on eight human glioma cell cultures (Grades III and IV) that were derived from patients’ tumor tissue; the difference between primary and recurrent tumors was taken into account. Despite its strong anti-proliferative activity, bi-(AID-1-T) was shown to induce migration of recurrent tumor cells. This result shows the importance of studying the effect of therapeutic molecules on the invasive properties of glioma tumor cells in order to reduce the likelihood of inducing tumor recurrence.
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Alves, Thaís P., and Nelson F. Fontoura. "Statistical distribution models for migratory fish in Jacuí basin, South Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 7, no. 4 (2009): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252009000400014.
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The aim of the present study was to identify the distribution patterns of migratory fishes in the Jacuí river basin (Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil), proposing a statistical model of presumed distribution based on geomorphologic environmental data. Through maps of occurrence probability, we hope to contribute to decisions regarding basin environmental management. The analyzed species were: Salminus brasiliensis (dourado), Leporinus obtusidens (piava), Prochilodus lineatus (grumatã) and Pimelodus pintado (pintado). Samples were made through interviews with fishermen and local inhabitants, covering the main channel and tributaries of the rivers Jacuí, Taquari-Antas, Vacacaí, Vacacaí-Mirim, Pardo, Pardinho, Sinos, and Caí. The sampling program resulted in 204 interviews, being 187 considered as valid in 155 different sampling points. The probability of migratory fish occurrence was adjusted through the LOGIT routine of the Idrisi Andes Software: P = e(b0 + b1 . altitude + b2 . basin area) . (1 + e(b0 + b1 . altitude + b2 . basin area))-1, where P is the occurrence probability of the species (0-1) and b0, b1 and b2 are the equation parameters. Model accuracy, for estimating presence, ranged from 82% to 93%. Pimelodus pintado was cited to occur in 121 points among the 155 sampled (78.06%), Prochilodus lineatus in 72 (46.45%), L. obtusidens in 62 (40.00%) and S. brasiliensis in 58 (37.42%). Equation parameters were estimated (± standard error) as follow: S. brasiliensis: b0 = -2.8762 ± 0.2597; b1 = 1.3028 ± 0.0332; b2 = 1.1487 ± 0.0301; L. obtusidens: b0 = -0.8364 ± 0.2213; b1 = -1.5564 ± 0.0462; b2 = 0.9947 ± 0.0206; Prochilodus lineatus: b0= 0; b1= -1.3067 ± 0.0544; b2= 0.8128 ± 0.0177; Pimelodus pintado: b0= -0.9487 ± 0.3688; b1= -0.8269 ± 0.0496; b2= 0.9255 ± 0.0304.
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Jones, A. R., A. Murray, and R. E. Marsh. "A method for sampling sandy beach amphipods that tidally migrate." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 8 (1998): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97092.
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Some sandy beach species display tidally-related, across-beach migrations. Such behaviour can produce false or misleading results when standard sampling methods are used. To address this problem, a novel method was developed for sampling migratory amphipod populations that maintain position in the swash zone. This method provides sampling repeatability at any stage of the tide by locating the water’s edge, defined as the median of the upper limits of 11 consecutive waves, and thus locating the migrating population. Data to test the hypothesis of choice are then obtained via replicate core samples taken at fixed levels above and below the water’s edge.
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da Silva, Fabíola Katrine Souza. "Morphological Description of the Early Life Stages of Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (Castelnau, 1855), a Large Migratory Catfish from the Amazon." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 5, no. 4 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000394.
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The early development of Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii from the Amazon River was described through morphological, meristic and morphometric features, providing useful characters for identification of the species. The specimens of B. rousseauxii analyzed came from samples taken middle Solimões River, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The larvae were collected by horizontal trawls on the subsurface of the water column, with a plankton net (300 μm). The larvae and juveniles of B. rousseauxii showed a standard length ranging from 12.68 to 29.29 mm. The specimens were characterized by having a long snout (>40% of CC), small eyes (<10% of CC), anal opening reaching the mid-section of the body (≥50% of CP), a pair of barbels maxillary and two mentonian barbels, both not exceeding the anal fin, two spines on the dorsal fin, presence of filaments in the caudal fin and total myomeres with 46 segments (19 pre-anal and 27 post-anal). Number of fin segments corresponded to: pectoral= I+9, pelvic= I+5, dorsal= II+6 and anal=19. We expect that this study will expand the knowledge about the developmental biology of fish species in the Neotropical region.
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Wennhold, Kerstin, Nela Klein-Gonzalez, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, and Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen. "In Vitro and in Vivo Imaging of Initial T-B Cell Interactions in the Setting of B Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2740.2740.
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Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of B cells for cellular immunotherapy, since B cell-based cancer vaccines have yielded promising results in preclinical animal models. Contrary to dendritic cells (DCs), we know little about the migration behavior of B cells in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the interactions between CD40-activated (CD40) B cells and cytotoxic T cells in vitro and the migration behavior of CD40B cells in vivo. The dynamic interactions of human antigen-presenting cells and antigen-specific T cells were observed by time-lapse videomicroscopy. The migratory and chemoattractant potential of CD40B cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and standard transwell migration assays. GFP+ CD40B cells or CD40B cells isolated from Luciferase+mice were used for subsequent in vivo studies. Murine CD40B cells show similar migratory and chemotactic characteristics compared to human CD40B cells. Upon CD40-activation, B cells upregulate the important molecules involved in lymh node homing (CD62L, CCR7/CDCR4), which are functional and induce chemotaxis of T cells in vitro. Striking differences were observed for interactions of human CD40B cells or DCs with T cells. Antigen-loaded CD40B cells differ from immature and mature DCs by displaying a rapid migratory pattern undergoing highly dynamic, short-lived (7.5 min) and sequential interactions with cognate T cells. In vivo, CD40B cells migrate to the spleen and the lymph nodes, where they enrich in the B cell zone before traveling to B cell/ T cell boundary close to the T cell zone. CD40B cell interactions with T cells are dynamic and short-lived and thereby differ from DCs. Taken together, the migration behavior of CD40B cells and their interaction with T cells underline their potential as cellular adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Li, Strietz, Bleilevens, Stickeler, and Maurer. "Chemotherapeutic Stress Influences Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Cancer Stem Cells of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020404.
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and lacking an overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Apart from this lack of therapeutic targets, TNBC also shows an increased capacity for early metastasis and therapy resistance. Currently, many TNBC patients receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) upon detection of the disease. With TNBC likely being driven at least in part by a cancer stem-like cell type, we wanted to evaluate the response of primary cancer stem cells (CSCs) to standard chemotherapeutics. Therefore, we set up a survival model using primary CSCs to mimic tumor cells in patients under chemotherapy. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) were exposed to chemotherapeutics with a sublethal dose for six days. Surviving cells were allowed to recover in culture medium without chemotherapeutics. Surviving and recovered cells were examined in regard to proliferation, migratory capacity, sphere forming capacity, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) factor expression at the mRNA level, and cancer-related microRNA (miRNA) profile. Our results indicate that chemotherapeutic stress enhanced sphere forming capacity of BCSCs, and changed cell morphology and EMT-related gene expression at the mRNA level, whereas the migratory capacity was unaffected. Six miRNAs were identified as potential regulators in this process.
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Gong, Guowei, Kumar Ganesan, Qingping Xiong, and Yuzhong Zheng. "Anti-Invasive and Anti-Migratory Effects of Ononin on Human Osteosarcoma Cells by Limiting the MMP2/9 and EGFR-Erk1/2 Pathway." Cancers 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030758.
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Osteosarcoma is a common malignancy of the bone. Due to its high metastatic properties, osteosarcoma becomes the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Ononin is an isoflavone glycoside known to have various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of ononin on osteosarcoma cell migration, invasion, and the underlying mechanisms. The in vitro anti-tumorigenic and anti-migratory properties of ononin were determined by MTT, colony formation, invasion, and migration in MG-63 and U2OS osteosarcoma cell lines. The results were compared with the standard chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), as a positive control. The dose-dependent manners of ononin treatment increased the expression of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation through the EGFR-Erk1/2 signaling pathways. Additionally, ononin significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of human osteosarcoma cells. For consistency, we used the MG-63-xenograft mice model to confirm the in vivo anti-tumorigenic and anti-migratory efficacy of ononin by inhibiting the protein expressions of EGFR-Erk1/2 and MMP2/9. According to the histological study, ononin had no adverse effect on the liver and kidney. Overall, our findings suggested that ononin could be a potentially effective agent against the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma.
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Bido, Adriane F., Elisabeth C. Urbinati, Maristela C. Makrakis, Leandro F. Celestino, Mônica Serra, and Sergio Makrakis. "Stress indicators for Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) breeders during passage through a fish ladder." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 12 (2018): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18087.
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This study investigated whether fish ladder transposition is a stressful event for the streaked prochilod, Prochilodus lineatus, in a dam on the Upper Paraná River, Brazil. Bodyweight, standard length and plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose, lactate, chloride and haematocrit were measured in 48 adult fish (male and female) that were sampled downstream and upstream of the dam and on the fish ladder. The results showed that the intense physical exertion of the fish during ladder transposition demanded high metabolic requirements and activated anaerobic pathways, but was not stressful. We recommend that physiological indicators should be used for post-construing assessments, which would improve the management of migratory fish species.
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Biddlecombe, BA, EM Bayne, NJ Lunn, D. McGeachy, and AE Derocher. "Effects of sea ice fragmentation on polar bear migratory movement in Hudson Bay." Marine Ecology Progress Series 666 (May 20, 2021): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13684.
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Habitat fragmentation can impede an animal’s ability to move through their habitat, affecting both local and long-distance movements. Each year, polar bears Ursus maritimus migrate to refuge habitats on land or to multiyear ice as annual sea ice breaks up. We used polar bear telemetry location data from 39 adult female polar bears tracked in Hudson Bay in 2013-2018 during break-up (2 May-23 July) to show variation in migratory movement and timing as break-up advances. We separated break-up into early and late periods and used standard deviation in temporal spatial autocorrelation (SASD) of sea ice concentration to quantify sea ice fragmentation. Higher spatial autocorrelation reflects dissimilarity in local habitat composition at a single point in time, while SASD reflects variation in local habitat composition over time. In late break-up, there was a significant positive correlation between polar bear path tortuosity and SASD. Individuals arrived on land significantly later when paths moved through sea ice with increasing SASD in late break-up. Reproductive status of adult female polar bears had no effect on the variability of the sea ice an individual travelled through. SASD provides a means of summarizing the complexity and dynamics of sea ice habitat and can be used to understand variation in movement and ecology of ice-associated organisms.
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Li, Chao, and John Kuemmerle. "P141 GREEN TEA POLYPHENOL EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE DIFFERENTIALLY MODULATES ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS-MEDIATED WOUND HEALING PROCESS IN SUBEPITHELIAL MYOFIBROBLASTS." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 26, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/zaa010.088.
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Abstract Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has multifaceted roles in the preclinical treatment of diseases including liver and lung fibrosis. EGCG has also been tested with fewer reported side effects than therapeutic drugs. Previously we showed that increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMF) contributes to activation of TGF-β1 and resultant intestinal fibrosis in patients with fibrostenotic Crohn’s disease. Moreover, different migratory potential of myofibroblasts isolated from inflamed, fibrostenotic, or fistulized Crohn’s disease mucosa could be an explanation for impaired or excess wound healing and subsequently for fistula or fibrosis in patients with Crohn’s disease. To investigate the effect of EGCG on ER stress-mediated wound healing process, SEMF were isolated from normal ileum and affected ileum in the same patient with Crohn’s disease. Cells were cultured and treated with EGCG (10 μg/ml), AG1024 (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, 6 μM), U1026 (an ERK inhibitor, 6 μM), LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor, 10 μM), SB202190 (a p38 inhibitor, 50 nM), 4-PBA (a chemical chaperone, 10 μg/ml), and MG132 (a NF-KB inhibitor, 3 μM) for 2 hours in serum free medium. Cell lysates were obtained for Western blot analysis. An ER stress agonist tunicamycin (5 μg/ml) was incubated with SEMF for different time points. Wound healing assay was used in a cell monolayer, capturing the images at the beginning and at regular intervals during cell migration to close the wound, and comparing the images to quantify the migratory potential of the cells. In vivo effect of EGCG was tested in a murine TNBS colitis model and observed by Storz Coloview standard operating procedures. Here we showed that EGCG further decreased endogenous GRP78 protein expression by 18∼29±1.5% in SEMF compared to that treated with different inhibitors targeting other non-ER stress signals. EGCG prevented tunicamycin-induced migratory potential of SEMF isolated from normal ileum by 40±2.5%, 65±3.3% after 48 and 72 hours, as well as cell proliferation by 85±3.3%, 120±6.1% after 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Moreover, EGCG also further decreased cell migratory potential of SEMF isolated from affected ileum by 15±1.2% and 50±1.8% compared to the control group after 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Coloview showed that EGCG decreased inflammatory activity in the mice colon compared to TNBS colitis group after 8-week treatment. Ongoing study includes methylene blue staining of the colonic mucosa during endoscopy, endoscopic scoring of inflammation activity, and trichrome staining of collagen production in a colonic biopsy. Taken together, EGCG alleviates ER Stress response, leads to greater inhibition of migratory potential of SEMF, and decreases TGF-β1 and collagen productions, which is the major molecular feature of fibrosis.
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Eng, Margaret L., Bridget J. M. Stutchbury, Dawn M. Burke, and Ken A. Elliott. "Influence of forest management on pre- and post-fledging productivity of a Neotropical migratory songbird in a highly fragmented landscape." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 10 (October 2011): 2009–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-119.
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Little is known about the effects of forest management on fledgling survival in birds, despite the fact that this is a key determinant of overall productivity. In 2005–2006, we compared male density, nesting success, and fledgling survival of Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina Boddaert, 1783) among forest fragments that were reference sites (n = 3; not logged in >21 years) or had received either a standard selection system harvest (n = 3) or a heavy cut (n = 5) within the past 6–10 years. Density tended to be higher in logged sites than reference sites, but cumulative probability of nest survival (0.22 ± 0.02; 21 days) did not differ among treatments. Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783)) parasitism was significantly higher in recently logged sites, and reference sites produced significantly more Hooded Warbler young per successful nest than standard selection harvest sites. Logging treatment did not have a strong negative effect on fledgling survival, and overall, 51% (33/65) of fledglings survived until three weeks after fledging. Standard selection harvest sites had the highest Hooded Warbler density (0.2 males/ha) but also the lowest seasonal productivity (0.84 independent fledglings/female), raising the possibility of an ecological trap. The estimated number of daughters produced per female per year that are expected to survive to breeding age was lower for all treatments (reference, 0.26; selection, 0.17; heavy cut, 0.32) than the expected annual mortality probability of adult females (0.4–0.6). Forest fragments in this region appear to be population sinks, regardless of extent of partial harvest within the fragment.
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Katsarski, Nikolay. "FACTORS DETERMINING MIGRATION OF THE POPULATION." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061729k.
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Migration as a phenomenon is present in the whole history of mankind. It is an unexplained urge for people to change, which is expressed in the search for security, happiness and opportunity for development. At different times, migration plays an important role in the lives of individuals, countries and continents, and becomes an important factor in the development of civilizations, their destiny and security. Politics plays a key role in the development and construction of migratory behavior in society. As a factor, it is related to the security of people, their interests in which their rights should not be violated or they should not be harmed in any way. Political instability and attitude to democratic potential are emerging as a reason for the emergence of migratory attitudes. Nowadays this factor is shifted from the socio-economic one.Migration factors are predominant in terms of economic divergences in some countries. The state of the economy in the countries plays a leading role. A lower standard of living will continue to be a supporting factor for external migration. In many countries there are negative trends in employment, economic activity and unemployment. There are a number of social problems related to the reduction of the living potential of the population. Poverty in one country strongly determines the motivation of the people. The inability of people to lead a normal and fulfilling life leads them to start looking for a better standard abroad.In today's globalization, migration is global. As a socio-economic phenomenon it is associated with the dynamics and mechanical movement of the population in the countries and regions. The consequences of migration processes can affect the demographic development of the population, the economy and other aspects of the life of the population. Their consequences are generally negative, although there are those that can also be considered positive.
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De Filippis, L. G., I. Trombetta, T. Novella, and M. Alampi. "Vitamin D deficiency in refugees in Italy." Reumatismo 69, no. 3 (September 21, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2017.991.
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The objective of the research is to determine 25[OH]D serum levels in refugees in Italy. In the following research we have taken into consideration the results of the monitoring of Vitamin D levels in 46 refugees of the Italian <em>Service for protection of refugees and asylum seekers</em> (SPRAR) system. The indicator of overall vitamin D status used was the circulating serum level of 25(OH)D. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. In the refugees tested, the mean level of 25(OH)D resulted 9.18 ng/mL. The standard deviation was 4.8, with a minimal level of 4.3 and a maximum of 27.4. This figure indicates a clear condition of hypovitaminosis in refugees. While it is general assumption that migratory phenomena may induce the spread of tropical or infectious diseases, widely attested literature demonstrates how chronic pathologies and diseases related to altered lifestyles are the most relevant for Italian case records. Indeed, among the aforementioned diseases, Vitamin D deficiency so far lacks acknowledgement at a national level. Considering the results of lower-than-desirable vitamin D levels found in refugees in Italy, it is necessary to take this parameter into consideration when analyzing individuals who have faced migratory phenomena in order to mitigate the effects of hypovitaminosis D.
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Zhang, Nan, Joseph B. Scarsella, and Thomas G. Hartman. "Identification and Quantitation Studies of Migrants from BPA Alternative Food-Contact Metal Can Coatings." Polymers 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2020): 2846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122846.
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Bisphenol A (BPA)-based epoxy resins have wide applications as food-contact materials such as metal can coatings. However, negative consumer perceptions toward BPA have driven the food packaging industry to develop other alternatives. In this study, four different metal cans and their lids manufactured with different BPA-replacement food-contact coatings are subjected to migration testing in order to identify migratory chemical species from the coatings. Migration tests are conducted using food simulants and conditions of use corresponding to the intended applications and regulatory guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high resolution GC-MS. The migratory compounds identified include short chain cyclic polyester migrants from polyester-based coatings and bisphenol-type migrants including tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF), tetramethyl bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (TMBPF DGE), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol C (BPC), and other related monomers or oligomers. The concentration of the migrants is estimated using an internal standard, and validated trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization GC-MS methods are developed to specifically quantify TMBPF, BPF, BPC, and BPA in the coatings. The results will aid the safety evaluation of new food-contact material coating technology based on TMBPF chemistry and will provide an important reference for the industry in identifying and quantifying non-BPA coating-borne migrants.
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Liang, Bing, Xue Ji, Bowen Jiang, Tingyu Yuan, Chao Lu Men Gerile, Lingwei Zhu, Tiecheng Wang, et al. "Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Aeromonas spp. Carried by Migratory Birds in China." Microorganisms 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010007.
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This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and the genetic diversity of Aeromonas isolated from migratory birds from Guangxi Province, Guangdong Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Jiangxi Province, and Inner Mongolia in China. A total of 810 samples were collected, including fresh feces, cloacal swabs, and throat swabs. The collected samples were processed and subjected to bacteriological examination. The resistance to 21 antibiotics was evaluated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using concatenated gltA-groL-gyrB-metG-PPSA-recA sequences. Eight putative virulence factors were identified by PCR and sequencing, and a biofilm formation assay was performed using a modified microtiter plate method. In total, 176 Aeromonas isolates were isolated including A. sobria, A. hydrophila, A. veronii, and A. caviae. All isolates showed variable resistance against all 16 tested antibiotic discs, and only one antibiotic had no reference standard. Six kinds of virulence gene markers were discovered, and the detection rates were 46.0% (hlyA), 76.1% (aerA), 52.3% (alt), 4.5% (ast), 54.0% (fla), and 64.2% (lip). These strains were able to form biofilms with distinct magnitudes; 102 were weakly adherent, 14 were moderately adherent, 60 were non-adherent, and none were strongly adherent. Our results suggest that migratory birds carry highly virulent and multidrug-resistant Aeromonas and spread them around the world through migration, which is a potential threat to public health.
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Awad, Simon, Izabella Rząd, and Przemysław Busse. "The Ringing Site In Jericho (Palestine) – Development Of Bird Migration And Parasitological Research On The Great Rift Valley Flyway." Ring 35, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2013-0003.
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ABSTRACT A new research project near Jericho in the Jordan Valley (Palestine) was launched on 10 September 2013, work continued until October 23rd 2013. Standard ornithological work and bird ringing work was conducted using mist nets situated in an oasis type habitat of Wadi Qelt surrounded by palm plantations. The field methods followed the SEEN (SE European Bird Migration Network) standards that include apart from ringing of captured birds, also several measurements (wing length, tail length, wing formula) and scores (fat load and body mass), as well as the studies on the directional preferences of migrants using round, flat orientation cages. Ornithological research was enhanced by parasitological studies analysing migratory birds (hosts) - helminths relations during migration period of the former. This was a part of complex studies covering the Middle East and north African ringing sites. Altogether 481 individuals of birds representing 59 species were ringed and about 50 were retrapped. The most interesting was relatively high share of Masked and Red-backed shrikes as well as good number of birds of local species as Dead Sea Sparrows and introduced Indian Silverbills.
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Popova, A. Yu, V. N. Rakitsky, T. A. Sinitskaya, G. M. Trukhina, and Irina P. Gromova. "URGENCY OF HYGIENIC RATING OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 6 (June 15, 2018): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-6-485-489.
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The requirement concerning the implementation of the research in the extreme soil-climatic conditions promoting the maximum migration in environments contacting to the soil (water, air, plants), and also providing most their intensive impact on processes of self-cleaning and a soil microbiocenosis is one of the basic provisions of the theory of hygienic rating of active ingredients of pesticides in the soil. For the creation of extreme conditions, the experiment is carried out on the sandy soil possessing the maximum filtering, minimal sorbing and absorbing ability. The observance of a principle of extremeness is provided with executing the research at microclimatic parameters (temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation), pesticides promoting the maximum migration on contacting media and the use in the experiment of plants concentrators creating a considerable margin of the safety in hygienic rating. All investigations are carried out in the standard and comparable soil and microclimatic conditions with the use of the uniform simulating standard modeling soil standard based on the constant granulometric and physical-chemical structure of the sandy soil and uniform microclimatic parameters. By analogy to a rating of active ingredients of pesticides in water of reservoirs, atmospheric air, etc., studies are carried out not in natural surroundings, but only in uniform comparable with experimental conditions on laboratory modeling installations. On the basis of the established threshold concentration on migratory water, migratory air, translocation and all-sanitary indices of harm there is chosen the limiting one, on which maximum concentration level is established. Established maximum concentration limits of active ingredients of pesticides in the soil are the uniform in size for any soil-climatic conditions. On the established uniform maximum concentration limit of active ingredient of pesticide in the soil if necessary it can be determined the regional maximum concentration limit for conditions of the concrete soil and climatic region. In the calculation of this size, there are considered leading factors: temperature, humidity of the soil, maintenance of a hummus, рН, porosity, bacterial load, etc. The factors characterizing the influence of these factors on processes of migration and a detoxication of active ingredients of pesticides were found on the basis of the research have been carried out on natural samples of the soil of this region.
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Mezhevova, Irina V., Svetlana Yu Filippova, Sofia V. Timofeeva, Anastasia O. Sitkovskaya, Tatiana V. Shamova, Yaroslav S. Enin, Oleg N. Burov, et al. "Antimigratory effect of berberine in T98G, U87MG and primary glioma cell culture." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e15045-e15045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e15045.
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e15045 Background: Berberine is an alkaloid compound with a structure that is highly similar to that of intercalating agents. It affects numerous cell signaling pathways and is widely studied as potential anticancer drug. It is known that berberine affects cancer cells migration through metalloproteinase-2 inhibition, but this effect was never studied on glioma cells. Anti-migratory drugs are of special interest in brain cancer therapy since glioma's highly invasive nature makes total surgical removal of tumor practically impossible. The aim of the study was to evaluate berberine anti-migratory activity on glioma cells. Methods: Cell migration capacity of T98G and U87MG cell lines, as well as primary glioma cell culture established in our laboratory, was assessed via standard wound healing assay with automated image acquisition and analysis on Lionheart FX (BioTek) cell imager. Prior to assay setting up cell cultures were maintained in DMEM medium with L-glutamine (1 μM) (Gibco) and 10% FBS (Gibco) at 37C0 and 5.0% CO2. Cells were seeded at 250 000 cells per well on 24-well plates and incubated overnight in order to attach to plate bottom. After that a vertical wound was made manually in each well, and berberine was added to experimental wells to final concentration 50 mg/L. Plates with cells were continuously incubated and photographed in cell imager at 37C0 and 5.0% CO2. The extent of cells migration was measured as the percent of wound area decrease after 24 hours of incubation in relation to starting time point. Data are given as: Mean ± 95% confidence interval. Results: In our study we berberine exhibited anti-migratory activity in all cell cultures under study. In rather fast growing primary cell culture wound area decrease was 99.23%±0.62% in control sample and 91.75%±0.28% in experimental sample. The difference was small but significant at p < 0.001 level (df = 30). Popular permanent glioma cell lines T98G and U87MG showed more prominent decrease in studied parameter with higher degree of variance at the same time. In T98G wound area decrease was 71.6%±12.3% in control and 48.8%± 7.6% in experimental samples after 24 hours of cultivation in presence of 50 mg/L berberine. While U87MG demonstrated 60.28%±5.13% and 37.5%± 8.34% wound area decrease accordingly. The obtained difference between control and experimental groups in permanent cell cultures was statistically significant at the 0.05 level (df = 30). Conclusions: Our preliminary research proved berberine to be potent anti-migratory agent in glioma treatment. Further investigations are needed to evaluate its ability to inhibit glioma cell expansion in vivo.
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Mejías, Carmen, Julia Martín, Juan Luis Santos, Irene Aparicio, Marta Isabel Sánchez, and Esteban Alonso. "Development and validation of a highly effective analytical method for the evaluation of the exposure of migratory birds to antibiotics and their metabolites by faeces analysis." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 414, no. 11 (February 15, 2022): 3373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-03953-4.
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Abstract The widespread occurrence of antibiotics in the environment may exert a negative impact on wild organisms. In addition, they can become environmental reservoirs, through the ingestion of food or contaminated water, and vectors for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This fact is even more important in migratory birds that can promote their dissemination across continents. In this work, a multiresidue analytical method suitable for the determination of five families of antibiotics and their main metabolites in waterbird faeces has been developed and validated. The target compounds include environmentally significant sulfonamides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and antifolates. Sample treatment involves ultrasound-assisted extraction with methanol and dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up with C18. Analytical determination was carried out by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The most significant parameters affecting sample extraction and extract clean-up were optimised by means of experimental designs. Good linearity (R2 > 0.994), accuracy (from 41 to 127%), precision (relative standard deviation lower than 24%) and limits of quantification (lower than 2 ng g−1 (dry weight, dw)) were obtained for most of the compounds. The method was applied to the determination of the selected compounds in 27 faeces samples from three common migratory waterbird species. Nine antibiotics and three of their metabolites were detected in the analysed samples. Fluoroquinolones and macrolides were the antibiotics most frequently detected. The highest concentrations corresponded to norfloxacin (up to 199 ng g−1 dw). Graphical abstract
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Mohseni Garakani, Mansoureh, Megan E. Cooke, Michael H. Weber, Michael R. Wertheimer, Abdellah Ajji, and Derek H. Rosenzweig. "A 3D, Compartmental Tumor-Stromal Microenvironment Model of Patient-Derived Bone Metastasis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010160.
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Bone is a frequent site of tumor metastasis. The bone–tumor microenvironment is heterogeneous and complex in nature. Such complexity is compounded by relations between metastatic and bone cells influencing their sensitivity/resistance to chemotherapeutics. Standard chemotherapeutics may not show efficacy for every patient, and new therapeutics are slow to emerge, owing to the limitations of existing 2D/3D models. We previously developed a 3D interface model for personalized therapeutic screening, consisting of an electrospun poly lactic acid mesh activated with plasma species and seeded with stromal cells. Tumor cells embedded in an alginate-gelatin hydrogel are overlaid to create a physiologic 3D interface. Here, we applied our 3D model as a migration assay tool to verify the migratory behavior of different patient-derived bone metastasized cells. We assessed the impact of two different chemotherapeutics, Doxorubicin and Cisplatin, on migration of patient cells and their immortalized cell line counterparts. We observed different migratory behaviors and cellular metabolic activities blocked with both Doxorubicin and Cisplatin treatment; however, higher efficiency or lower IC50 was observed with Doxorubicin. Gene expression analysis of MDA-MB231 that migrated through our 3D hybrid model verified epithelial–mesenchymal transition through increased expression of mesenchymal markers involved in the metastasis process. Our findings indicate that we can model tumor migration in vivo, in line with different cell characteristics and it may be a suitable drug screening tool for personalized medicine approaches in metastatic cancer treatment.
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Wu, Entao, Hongchang Wang, Huaxiang Lu, Wenqi Zhu, Yifei Jia, Li Wen, Chi-Yeung Choi, et al. "Unlocking the Potential of Deep Learning for Migratory Waterbirds Monitoring Using Surveillance Video." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030514.
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Estimates of migratory waterbirds population provide the essential scientific basis to guide the conservation of coastal wetlands, which are heavily modified and threatened by economic development. New equipment and technology have been increasingly introduced in protected areas to expand the monitoring efforts, among which video surveillance and other unmanned devices are widely used in coastal wetlands. However, the massive amount of video records brings the dual challenge of storage and analysis. Manual analysis methods are time-consuming and error-prone, representing a significant bottleneck to rapid data processing and dissemination and application of results. Recently, video processing with deep learning has emerged as a solution, but its ability to accurately identify and count waterbirds across habitat types (e.g., mudflat, saltmarsh, and open water) is untested in coastal environments. In this study, we developed a two-step automatic waterbird monitoring framework. The first step involves automatic video segmentation, selection, processing, and mosaicking video footages into panorama images covering the entire monitoring area, which are subjected to the second step of counting and density estimation using a depth density estimation network (DDE). We tested the effectiveness and performance of the framework in Tiaozini, Jiangsu Province, China, which is a restored wetland, providing key high-tide roosting ground for migratory waterbirds in the East Asian–Australasian flyway. The results showed that our approach achieved an accuracy of 85.59%, outperforming many other popular deep learning algorithms. Furthermore, the standard error of our model was very small (se = 0.0004), suggesting the high stability of the method. The framework is computing effective—it takes about one minute to process a theme covering the entire site using a high-performance desktop computer. These results demonstrate that our framework can extract ecologically meaningful data and information from video surveillance footages accurately to assist biodiversity monitoring, fulfilling the gap in the efficient use of existing monitoring equipment deployed in protected areas.
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Van Leeuwen, Travis E., Oliver E. Hooker, Neil B. Metcalfe, and Colin E. Adams. "Differences in diet-induced flexibility in morphology and growth in a partially migratory species." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 3 (March 2016): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0300.
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Partial migration, in which some individuals of a population migrate while other individuals remain resident, is generally associated with ontogenetic shifts to better feeding or as a response to adversity, but its underlying mechanisms remain relatively unknown. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) exhibit partial migration, with some individuals remaining in fresh water (freshwater-resident) while others undertake an anadromous migration, gain most of their adult size at sea, and then return to fresh water to spawn. The option adopted by an individual trout is thought to be partly determined by its growth performance in early life, which in the stochastic and dynamic environment of freshwater streams may be dependent on its flexibility. To examine potential effects of parent type on phenotypic flexibility, we measured the metabolism, growth, and morphology of full-sibling groups of offspring from freshwater-resident and anadromous parents both before and after a switch in diet. We found that fry had a higher growth rate and a more rounded head and body shape when reared on chironomid larvae compared with when they were reared on Daphnia, but diet had no effect on standard metabolic rate. Interestingly, offspring of anadromous parents were less able to maintain their growth rate when fed on Daphnia than were those of freshwater-residents and showed a correspondingly greater increase in growth following a switch from Daphnia to chironomid larvae. Offspring of anadromous parents also showed less morphological flexibility in response to diet than did the offspring of freshwater-residents. We discuss how the migration history of the parents might interact with phenotypic flexibility in early life to influence the migration probability of the offspring.
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Desmet, Klaus, Dávid Krisztián Nagy, and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg. "Asia's Geographic Development." Asian Development Review 34, no. 2 (August 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00093.
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This paper studies the impact of spatial frictions on Asia's long-term spatial development. Using the framework provided in Desmet, Nagy, and Rossi-Hansberg ( 2016 ), we analyze the evolution of Asia's economy and the relative performance of specific regions and countries. We then perform a number of counterfactual experiments and find that a worldwide drop in transport costs of 40% increases the present discounted value of real income by 70.7% globally and 78% in Asia. These figures are much larger than those found in standard quantitative trade models because they include dynamic effects and take into account intracountry transport costs. We also perform exercises in which we upgrade Asia's road network or relax migratory restrictions between locations in Asia. These exercises emphasize the important role of spatial frictions in the development of Asia's economy.
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Busse, Przemysław. "First Off-Shore Site Bird Monitoring In Poland (Debki-Białogóra, 2002–2004)." Ring 37, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ring-2015-0002.
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Abstract Due to the presence along the Polish Baltic coast of migratory bird flyways from north-eastern European breeding grounds to wintering areas distributed on continental shelf waters of western and southwestern Europe, the area has been designated as a NATURA 2000 site (PLB 990002). Therefore the site of a planned off-shore wind farm in this area requires monitoring as to its potential influence on birds. This was the first such monitoring performed in Poland. The expanse of water covered by the research included the planned location of the wind farm as well as adjacent areas. A series of 15 investigative cruises were undertaken from the beginning of October to the beginning of May. The period of observations was divided into five seasons: early autumn, late autumn, winter, early spring and late spring. The standard method of counting birds on transects in the form of strips reaching 300 m from the ship was used in the research, as well as the ‘snapshot’ technique (scan with bands transect with snapshot technique). Additional observations were made from a point on the shore. In the study area maritime birds are present in low or moderate densities, with localized clusters. Two diving benthophagous species dominate: the Long-tailed Duck (58.9%) and the Velvet Scoter (34.3%). The next two commonest species have a share of over 1% within the community – the Common Scoter (3.2%) and the Herring Gull (2.4%). Other species are very uncommon. There is very high fluctuation in the number of birds both observed on the water surface and seen in the air. In the area studied no pronounced migratory passage of waterfowl was observed; the usual migratory flyways probably lie farther to the north and the birds observed in flight perform mainly local movements. Observed bird densities in the study area are considerably lower (52.0 ind./km2) than those estimated for the entire NATURA 2000 area (116.7 ind./km2). In the area of the planned wind farm densities are even lower (36.1 ind./km2, i.e. 31% of the NATURA 2000 level), while densities in neighbouring areas are still below the NATURA 2000 average. In the subsequent administrative procedure the area was not accepted as the location of the planned wind farm.
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Cano Collado, Luz Alejandra, Marta Hernández, and Heberto Romeo Priego Álvarez. "Mental Health of Immigrants in a Shelter in Tabasco, Mexico During the COVID-19Epidemic." Salud Uninorte 37, no. 03 (February 17, 2022): 583–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/sun.37.3.616.89.
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Migration is a global phenomenon that must be recognized as a social de-terminant of health. In 2020, there were 280 million international migrants in the world. Undoubtedly, Mexico plays a fundamental role in transnational migration due to the large flow of migrants who transit through its borders. Research on mental health and migra-tion suggests a high prevalence of mental disorders due to the conditions of the migration process; this scenario may be aggravated as result of the health contingency caused by CO-VID-19. Methodology: This research is intended to identify the relationship between the mental health of migrants, the migratory process, and the COVID-19 epidemic. Therefore, it is a qualitative study with a deductive approach. A sample evaluation of Central Ameri-can migrants living in a shelter in Tabasco, Mexico in December 2020 was used. Results: Some factors impact the mental health of migrants in the place of origin and during transit (forced migration, persecution, and the lack of possibilities to achieve a decent standard of living...). Moreover, positive, and negative manifestations were reported in the dimensions of mental health, because of the migratory process and COVID-19. Conclusions: Migration has become an option for survival and well-being given the limited opportunities that exist in the regions of origin. Efforts must be made to develop migration and health policies that benefit this group. Unfortunately, some limitations of data collection emerged due to Covid 19. Finally, it is suggested to replicate the study among other areas of the southern border of Mexico with a high flow of migrants.
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Pozhilov, D. A., T. A. Rumyantseva, V. E. Varentsov, and A. V. Moskalenko. "Doublecortin Expression in the Olfactory Bulb and Rostral Stream in Infantile Rats after Exposure to Neurotoxin." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 7, no. 4 (January 11, 2019): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-4-50-55.
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The aim of the study was to investigate changes of neuroblasts’ numeral destiny in rats’ olfactory bulb and rostral migratory stream after neurotoxic action in infant age.Material and methods. The distribution of DCX, a marker of immature neurons, was studied to reveal the dynamics of its expression in the evolutionary period of ontogenesis in olfactory bulbs and rostral migratory stream in 30, 60, 90, and 180-day-old rats. Modeling of neurotoxic effects was carried out by three times injections of capsaicin on the 30–32 day of life in a total dose of 120 mg/kg. The material for the study was sampled on the 15-, 30- and 60th days of the experiment. The marker was detected on parasagittal paraffin sections, taking into account the layers of the olfactory bulb. The numerical density of DCX+ neurons (pcs/mm2) and their part in the total number of cells were determined.Results. The standard age indicators of the numerical density of immature neurons and their share in the cell population, as well as similar indicators for two months after toxic effects, were established. The administration of toxic doses of capsaicin causes a massive death of mature neurons. Compensatory reaction manifested by activation of neurogenesis in the brain stem niches and an increase in the numerical density neuroblasts in the rostral stream.Conclusions. Activation of neurogenesis during neurodegeneration causes an increase in the number of DCX + neuronal progenitors in the olfactory bulb after 30 days after exposure and maintaining high levels until the end of observation.
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Tschunko, Franz, Benedikt Wagner, Yutong Hong, Stephan Söder, Rainer Wölfel, Lutz A. Müller, Raimund Forst, and Stefan Sesselmann. "Radiostereometric migration analysis of the Cerafit femoral stem: 28 patients followed for 2 years." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 61, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2015-0004.
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Abstract Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is the gold standard evaluating micromovements after total hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to investigate the migratory pattern of an uncemented femoral stem during the first 2 years after surgery. We followed 28 patients with a mean age of 57 (SD 13) years for the first two postoperative years. Radiostereometric analysis was used to measure the translation and rotation of the femoral component. The Harris hip score (HHS) was determined to evaluate the clinical outcome. No stem had to be revised. The mean HHS advanced from 35 (SD 11) preoperative to 89 (SD 10) 1 year after surgery. At the end of the observation period, mean subsidence of the stem was 0.26 mm (SD 0.82). Maximum total point motion (MTPM) was 1.23 mm (SD 1.22). The main distal migration took place up to 6 weeks after surgery with nearly no further subsidence up to 2 years postoperatively. All the measured migrations of the hip stem were very small. Results of the HHS demonstrate good clinical outcome. Long-term RSA is necessary to assess possible late migration of the Cerafit standard femoral stem.
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Sharmin, S., SH Rahman, MN Naser, and S. Hoque. "Macro benthic fauna in relation to limnological variables in a migratory bird visiting lake at Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 4, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v4i2.39856.
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The abundance of macro benthic organisms was observed from a migratory bird visiting lake in Jahangirnagar University, Savar for a period from July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 22 species belonging to three phyla (viz. Mollusca, Annelida and Arthropoda) and 14 families was recorded with maximum abundance in summer season and minimum in winter season. Molluscan population (37%) was dominant in benthos, followed by Annelida (31%) and Arthropoda (28%). Average values of water temperature, dissolved oxygen and water pH were within standard permissible ranges in the aquatic habitats of the country. Water and soil parameters were in suitable ranges for the growth and abundance of benthos. Correlation indicated that Mollusca and Annelida were closely dependent on water temperature, water pH, water depth, soil organic carbon and soil organic matters, whereas Arthropoda had less dependency on them. In the present study lower Shanon-Wiener diversity index (2.55-2.92) and low species richness (18-24) clearly demonstrated that the lake is moderately polluted.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 99-106