Academic literature on the topic 'Migration neutrality'
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Journal articles on the topic "Migration neutrality"
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Ferracioli, Luara. "Family Migration Schemes and Liberal Neutrality." Journal of Moral Philosophy 13, no. 5 (September 29, 2016): 553–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-4681056.
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In this essay, I argue that the privileging of romantic and familial ties by those who believe in the liberal state’s right to exclude prospective immigrants cannot be justified. The reasons that count in favour of these relationships count equally in favour of a great array of relationships, from friends to creative collaborators, and whatever else falls in between. The liberal partialist now faces a dilemma, either the scope of the right to exclude is much more limited or much broader than she previously assumed.
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Walia, Jeewan Jyot, Anouk Willemsen, Eminur Elci, Kadriye Caglayan, Bryce W. Falk, and Luis Rubio. "Genetic Variation and Possible Mechanisms Driving the Evolution of Worldwide Fig mosaic virus Isolates." Phytopathology® 104, no. 1 (January 2014): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-13-0145-r.
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Fig mosaic virus (FMV) is a multipartite negative-sense RNA virus infecting fig trees worldwide. FMV is transmitted by vegetative propagation and grafting of plant materials, and by the eriophyid mite Aceria ficus. In this work, the genetic variation and evolutionary mechanisms shaping FMV populations were characterized. Nucleotide sequences from four genomic regions (each within the genomic RNAs 1, 2, 3, and 4) from FMV isolates from different countries were determined and analyzed. FMV genetic variation was low, as is seen for many other plant viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed some geographically distant FMV isolates which clustered together, suggesting long-distance migration. The extent of migration was limited, although varied, between countries, such that FMV populations of different countries were genetically differentiated. Analysis using several recombination algorithms suggests that genomes of some FMV isolates originated by reassortment of genomic RNAs from different genetically similar isolates. Comparison between nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions showed selection acting on some amino acids; however, most evolved neutrally. This and neutrality tests together with the limited gene flow suggest that genetic drift plays an important role in shaping FMV populations.
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Lihtmaa, Lauri, and Targo Kalamees. "Preliminary assessment of preconditions to deliver carbon neutrality in apartment buildings by 2050." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 18004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017218004.
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Member states of European Union have large stock of residential buildings that require urgent renovation in order to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. In our paper we provide a preliminary evaluation of preconditions of such goal within the context of shrinking regions. Our data originates form renovation subsidy database of large renovation programme managed by state fund and form Nation Statistical Bureau. First we estimate the potential of apartment buildings occupation within the next 30 years. We exclude buildings that are going to be abandoned due to the demographical and migration reasons. Next we calculate the potential of construction sector to deliver required amount of renovations. We observe that the in our case current renovation rate must at least be increased by factor of three in order to comply with the carbon neutrality goal. This, however, is very challenging because supply of renovations’ construction is limited and overstimulated demand could increase construction prices significantly while rendering the effect of state incentives inefficient. Therefore an urgent technological change in renovation delivery is required to reach carbon neutrality goals.
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Ohta, T. "Theoretical study of near neutrality. II. Effect of subdivided population structure with local extinction and recolonization." Genetics 130, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/130.4.917.
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Abstract There are several unsolved problems concerning the model of nearly neutral mutations. One is the interaction of subdivided population structure and weak selection that spatially fluctuates. The model of nearly neutral mutations whose selection coefficient spatially fluctuates has been studied by adopting the island model with periodic extinction-recolonization. Both the number of colonies and the migration rate play significant roles in determining mutants' behavior, and selection is ineffective when the extinction-recolonization is frequent with low migration rate. In summary, the number of mutant substitutions decreases and the polymorphism increases by increasing the total population size, and/or decreasing the extinction-recolonization rate. However, by increasing the total size of the population, the mutant substitution rate does not become as low when compared with that in panmictic populations, because of the extinction-recolonization, especially when the migration rate is limited. It is also found that the model satisfactorily explains the contrasting patterns of molecular polymorphisms observed in sibling species of Drosophila, including heterozygosity, proportion of polymorphism and fixation index.
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Munoz, François, Pierre Couteron, and Stephen P. Hubbell. "Comment on “Global Correlations in Tropical Tree Species Richness and Abundance Reject Neutrality”." Science 336, no. 6089 (June 28, 2012): 1639.5–1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1222718.
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Ricklefs and Renner (Reports, 27 January 2012, p. 464) have argued that the neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography cannot explain the correlations in family abundances and species richness found between tropical forests from distinct continents. However, we show that such patterns can arise from neutral processes of diversification, migration, and drift over large spatial and temporal scales.
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Yang, Wu, Min Zhang, Cui Tao, and Jun Yan. "Comprehensive Utilization and Sustainable Development of Bauxite in Northern Guizhou on a Background of Carbon Neutralization." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 14301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114301.
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As a developing country, China is also a major producer and consumer of mineral resources. At present, China is still in a critical period of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, which will inevitably lead to huge resource consumption. It is only 30 years between the peak carbon consumption and the timepoint planned to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Coming from a background of dual pressure in terms of the total amount and intensity of “carbon neutrality”, the development and utilization of mineral resources has become one of the important factors in affecting and realizing carbon neutrality in China, and comprehensive utilization has become increasingly important. There are abundant bauxite resources in northern Guizhou, more than 700 million tons, and an industrial resource chain could be built around bauxite. The ore-forming process of bauxite is very complex, and there are enrichment phenomena of other useful elements in the ore-bearing rock series, among which the enrichment of associated Ga, Li and rare earth elements is very obvious. It is of great economic and scientific significance to study the migration law of associated Ga, Li and rare earth elements and to find out whether these elements in bauxite have development value. On the basis of systematically collecting and sorting previous research results, this study carried out supplementary tests on some areas with insufficient data; summarized and studied the migration law of associated Ga, Li and rare earth elements in the Wuzhengdao bauxite deposit in northern Guizhou; and conducted a feasibility analysis on the development and utilization prospects of associated Ga, Li and rare earth elements.
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Degani, Paola, and Cristina Ghanem. "How Does the European Union Talk about Migrant Women and Religion? A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Agenda on Migration of the European Union and the Case Study of Nigerian Women." Religions 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10010027.
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Women with different identity and migration origins represent one of the most significant groups in the migration flows of the Mediterranean in recent years and the intersection of their religious identity and gender has been often neglected in migration policies. The paper applies the method of Critical Frame Analysis (CFA) to analyze the ways in which European policy documents address the intersection between gender and religious diversity. Through the CFA, the article examines the European Agenda on Migration and the priorities identified in the text. The analysis of the document is based on recent case studies of trafficked Nigerian women, which provide examples of the dangerous invisibility of ethnic and religious women in the priorities highlighted in the policy document of the European Commission. The CFA results show that the European Agenda on Migration, in responding to the increased number of arriving migrants from Africa and in designing a new approach towards mixed migration flows, lacks any reference to the gender perspective of migration and gender mainstreaming is missing from the text. The neutrality of the document and the securitization frame applied does not take into perspective the importance of recognizing a gender and intersectional dimension of migration flows, which impacts primarily women coming from African countries beholding strong religious beliefs.
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Belikova, S. S., and A. V. Belikov. "East and West: global challenges to achieving carbon neutrality." UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia) 10, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2022-10-2-5-13.
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The aim of the study is to determine the factors of occurrence and reasons for growth of the energy crisis in the context of the transition to carbon and climate neutrality of European Union’s countries, People’s Republic of China. The energy problems that have arisen in the economy on the way to reducing the indicators of anthropogenic impact on climate change and provoked the energy crisis of the 2021 second half and is currently ongoing in the European Union countries and China were analysed. The main objective of the research is to study the mechanism of cross-border carbon regulation aimed at protecting European producers from environmental dumping and designed to reduce the risks of migration of carbon-intensive industries to countries with a less stringent climate policy. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to identify steps to modernise the energy sector of the economies of countries that are just embarking on the path of carbon neutrality in order to prevent such energy crises. The results of the study can be used in the formation and adaptation of energy transition strategies for all states and subnational associations that have attempted to achieve carbon neutrality. When reviewing and correcting climate initiatives, a strategy to form a reserve of reliable and cost-effective basic generating capacities has been proposed.
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Recchi, Ettore. "The Citizenship Gap in European Societies: Conceptualizing, Measuring and Comparing ‘Migration Neutrality’ across the EU." International Migration 54, no. 6 (October 6, 2016): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imig.12292.
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Weil, Carola. "The Protection-Neutrality Dilemma in Humanitarian Emergencies: Why the Need for Military Intervention?" International Migration Review 35, no. 1 (March 2001): 79–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2001.tb00005.x.
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For humanitarian organizations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the recent evolution of military engagement in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies has been a mixed blessing. This article examines the protection-neutrality dilemma confronting UNCHR in the face of increased military humanitarian action. The conceptual framework presented here suggests that military forces may in fact act as an important “norms entrepreneur,” influencing how protection norms affect international responses to humanitarian emergencies. The linking of forced migration and security has generated a host of challenges for civil-military relations and raises a number of concerns for UNHCR regarding the legitimacy, ethics and operational viability of military interventions in such crises.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Migration neutrality"
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MONTANARI, MARIA GIULIA. "INTRA-EU MOBILITY AND NATIONAL WELFARE STATES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/744325.
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This research enlightens several critical issues emerging from the tension between intra-European mobility and national welfare states. Initially, a broad literature review presents the current academic contributions dealing with the topic from a variety of points of view. Four main disciplines (sociology, economics, political sciences and law) and three levels of analysis (the national, the supra-national and the individual one) are discussed. Subsequently, three empirical chapters provide examples of studies on ‘micro’ data against this ‘macro’ background. In particular, two chapters are dedicated to the debated issue of mobile European citizens’ access to welfare in host member states. The focus is on unemployment, family and housing benefits which present higher rates of receipt among EU citizens and are the most ‘visible’ dimension of welfare. The first study provides also a detailed descriptive overview on the populations of EU citizens across countries, while the second tests the concept of ‘migration neutrality’ over time both intra and inter generations. The use of benefits by EU citizens does not seem to be always connected with their socio-economic profiles, and the first five years of residence come out to be the only relevant threshold to access benefits across all welfare regimes. The last empirical chapter faces a new emerging issue by adopting the point of view of sending countries, that is whether intra-EU mobility is beneficial for intergenerational social mobility. In the case of Romanians, who are the most mobile population in Europe nowadays, the choice to migrate emerges to be detrimental for social mobility, independently from the area of destination. These insights contribute to add evidence to the complex and evolving picture of intra-European mobility, hopefully informing both academics and policy makers.
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Maagaard, Sebastian. "The End of Sweden’s Nonalignment Policy and Generous RefugeePolicy, or EU as a Solution : Sweden’s National Self-determination in the EU Membership Debate,1987 – 1991." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320389.
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This thesis examines how the parliamentary debate in Sweden saw the consequences of Swedenas a nation were to join the European Union. The nation is defined as a state based on nationalself-determination. The EU is regarded as a supra-state organisation and one of the moreextensive efforts of its kind. I specifically examine two themes in Swedish foreign policy. Theseare the nonalignment policy and migration policy. Through a discourse analysis I show that allpolitical parties perceive consequences for the self-determination and all argue selfdeterminationwill be lost in the event of membership. However, they are divided in what theybelieved this would lead to. Some parties support EU whereas others are sceptical of EU. Partiesthat support an EU-membership argue that it is inevitable to join and Sweden will lose selfdeterminationanyway. A membership opens the possibility to influence and participate, but anabstaining will lead forced acceptance of policies. Many of the supporters are even positive ofbeing a member in EU. Sceptics, on the other hand believe Sweden will lack influence and loseall self-determination. The organisation itself is against Sweden as it is a supra-stateorganisation, which may reduce the role of single member-states. For the nonalignment policy,the government initially use it as an argument against EU, but later support membership if thenonalignment policy can be kept. The other supporters acknowledge the nonalignment policy,but nevertheless assert that EU is compatible with the nonalignment policy. This is because ofthe changes in the geopolitical situation. Sceptics believe the nonalignment policy rejectmembership, mostly due to the still uncertain geopolitical situation and the suspicion EU willdeprive Sweden of its decision-making. Sometimes they suggest the self-determination andnonalignment policy are prerequisites for each other. In the migration policy, all parties supportgenerous migration policy, but
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Gu, Lian Sheng. "Migration of a neutrally buoyant particle suspended in a general bounded creeping flow." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29032.
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The migration phenomenon of a neutrally buoyant solid particle suspended in an arbitrary flowing fluid of zero Reynolds number bounded by a plane solid wall has been analytically studied for the situation where the influence of boundary conditions is important. In particular, it is shown that for flows near a solid wall, particles can move in such a manner so as to cause large spatial variations of particle concentration in the suspension.Similar techniques are used to obtain a theoretical formulation for the non-deformable spherical droplet suspended in the prescribed flowing fluid bounded by the solid plane boundary. Special cases such as flows containing a vortex near the solid boundary or flows which are periodic along the wall are particularly examined.
Experiments have been performed to verify the validity of the theory for the solid particles and non-deformable fluid drops. Experimental results are also compared to theoretical conclusions.
Books on the topic "Migration neutrality"
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Benevolent neutrality: Indian government policy and labour migration to British Guiana, 1854-1884. London: Hansib Pub. Ltd., 1987.
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Mangru, Basdeo. Benevolent Neutrality: Indian Government Policy and Labour Migration to British Guiana 1854-1884. Hansib Publications, 2012.
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Boon-Kuo, Louise. Visible Policing Subjects and Low Visibility Policing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814887.003.0007.
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This chapter argues that street-based migration policing in Australia is the site of two important dynamics in contemporary practices of racialization. It explores migration policing as a process that racializes the putatively race-neutral legal categories of citizenship and unlawful non-citizenship. Immigration status checks of both citizens and non-citizens reveal how assumptions about ethnicity have informed whether a person is stopped on the street, how investigations into identity and citizenship have been conducted, and whether a person is detained under immigration laws. This chapter also briefly explores the limited oversight over migration policing as a practice which props up the myth of legal racial neutrality. Thinking through these practices, this chapter raises questions about how race is formed and obscured through the low visibility of migration policing and the methodological implications for migration and policing research.
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Hauser, Gunther, and Mauro Mantovani. Austria and Switzerland. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0011.
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Since the end of the cold war, Austria and Switzerland have maintained their status of neutrality, but reinterpreted their neutrality policy in pragmatic yet different ways. Both, however, joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace (PfP) initiative at an early stage. Within the EU and PfP, Austria focused on armed forces interoperability, whereas Switzerland increased its formerly very low contribution to international peace missions. Both alpine republics conducted three major reforms of their armed forces, which entailed a substantial downsizing of overall mobilization strength and weaponry, while maintaining territorial defence as the core mission. Austria and Switzerland both aim at slightly increasing defence expenditures up to the early 2020s as a consequence of widely increased threat perception (owing to mass migration, Islamist terrorism, and a reasserting Russia), yet they will still find it difficult to replace their rapidly ageing main weapons systems. Troop contributions to international operations are likely to remain at at the 2017 levels.
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Clapham, Andrew, and Paola Gaeta, eds. The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Armed Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199559695.001.0001.
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TheHandbookconsists of 32 Chapters in seven parts. Part I provides the historical background and sets out some of the contemporary challenges. Part II considers the relevant sources of international law. Part III describes the different legal regimes: land warfare, air warfare, maritime warfare, the law of occupation, the law applicable to peace operations, and the law of neutrality. Part IV introduces key concepts in international humanitarian law: weapons and the notion of superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering, the principle of distinction, proportionality, genocide and crimes against humanity, grave breaches and war crimes, internal armed conflict. Part V looks at key rights: the right to life, the prohibition on torture, the right to fair trial, economic, social and cultural rights, the protection of the environment, the protection of cultural property, and the human rights of the members of the armed forces. Part VI covers key issues such as: the use of force, terrorism, unlawful combatants, the application of human rights in times of armed conflict, forced migration, and issues of gender. Part VII deals with accountability issues including those related to private security companies, the need to focus on armed groups, as well as questions of state responsibility brought before national courts, and finally, the book addresses issues related to transitional justice.
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Bramoullé, Yann, Andrea Galeotti, and Brian W. Rogers, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Networks. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948277.001.0001.
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This handbook represents the frontier of research into the economics of networks: how and why they form, how they influence behavior, how they help govern outcomes in an interactive world, and how they shape collective decision making, opinion formation, and diffusion dynamics. From a methodological perspective, the authors devote attention to theory, field experiments, laboratory experiments, and econometrics. Theoretical work in network formation, games played on networks, repeated games, and the interaction between linking and behavior are synthesized. A number of chapters are devoted to studying social processes mediated by networks. Topics here include opinion formation, diffusion of information and disease, and learning. There are also chapters devoted to financial contagion and systemic risk. Next, the handbook includes a section that discusses communities more generally, with applications including social trust, favor exchange, and social collateral; the importance of communities for migration patterns, and the role that networks and communities play in the labor market. A prominent role of networks, from an economic perspective, is that they mediate trade. Several chapters cover bilateral trade in networks, strategic intermediation, and the role of networks in international trade. The handbook also discusses the role of networks for organizations. One chapter discusses the role of networks for the performance of organizations, while two other chapters discuss managing networks of consumers and pricing in the presence of network-based spillovers. Finally, the handbook covers the Internet as a network, with attention to the issue of net neutrality.
Book chapters on the topic "Migration neutrality"
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Bhagat, Atul M., and Partha S. Goswami. "Inertial Migration of Neutrally Buoyant Particle in Confined Channel." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 547–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0698-4_60.
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Toma, Stefánia. "Counteracting the Schools’ Demon: Local Social Changes and Their Effects on the Participation of Roma Children in School Education." In Social and Economic Vulnerability of Roma People, 117–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52588-0_8.
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AbstractThe aim of the article (The empirical material leading to the present chapter results from the research effort “MigRom—The Immigration of Romanian Roma to Western Europe: Causes, effects, and future engagement strategies”, a project funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme under the call “Dealing with diversity and cohesion: the case of the Roma in the European Union” (GA319901). I also used the results and experiences of earlier fieldworks starting with 2000 in Bighal (the name of the localities were changed in order to respect the identities of the people) that were financed through Open Society Institute, Visegrad Funds, CERGE-EI through GDN and WIIW, respectively Inclusion 2007 through PHARE 2004. Earlier version of the article was presented at the GLS Conference in Nicosia (Cyprus) in 2017. The article was finalized in the framework of a visiting research programme at TARKI-POLC receiving funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 730998, “InGRID-2—Integrating Research Infrastructure for European expertise on Inclusive Growth from data to policy”.) is to inquire into the interconnectedness of large number of factors that carry the opportunity and possibility of improving school participation of Roma children in Romania.I argue that the inherent deficiencies of the educational system, starting with the structural constraints and ending with the psycho-social context in which Roma (or minoritized, marginalized, vulnerable) children learn, can be and are challenged by initiatives, strategies or processes that fall out of the immediate range of the strict framework of the educational system. Bourdieu used the Maxwell’s demon as a metaphor to illustrate the reproduction of socio-economic inequalities in the framework of school system. But this ‘demon’ might be challenged with more or less success if we step out and look for possible ‘tools’ to counteract this demon. Two such cases are presented in this chapter. One is a project implemented with and by the local Roma community using external financing and the other one is the participation of the members of the communities in international migration and use of remittances. I will emphasize that independently of the type and amount of the mobilized resources the individuals and/or communities are able to create and proactively make good use of path-departing opportunities through mechanisms of redefining and changing contextual constraints thus improvements can be observed in the school participation of the Roma children (PS. PS. The article was written before the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world. Its effects seems to neutralize the positive impact of the above mentioned processes: the slow steps taken in improving the socio-economic situation of the Roma seems to be stopped; prejudices and ethnic hatred seems to be stronger; access to services for Roma communities get more difficult, including to education: in this context, a further research question is how on-line schooling changed or will change the participation of Roma children?).
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Ferracioli, Luara. "Family Migration Schemes and Liberal Neutrality." In Liberal Self-Determination in a World of Migration, 94–113. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056070.003.0006.
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This chapter argues that the privileging of romantic and familial ties by those who believe in the liberal state’s prima facie right to exclude prospective immigrants cannot be justified. The reasons that count in favor of these relationships count equally in favor of a great array of relationships, from friends to creative collaborators, and whatever else falls in between. The result of the discussion is that liberal states must either focus on the interests of children only or the interests of all citizens who would like to be reunited with a person they enjoy a valuable and irreplaceable relationship.
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Gribben, Crawford. "Conclusion." In Survival and Resistance in Evangelical America, 136–50. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199370221.003.0007.
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Paradoxically, the failure of the first generation of Christian Reconstructionists to cohere, either personally or ideologically, has worked in the movement’s favor, creating an internal marketplace of ideas by means of which competing groupings within political and religious conservatism have been able to appropriate and adopt their central arguments. Recognizing that a “moral majority” does not exist, and therefore abandoning the top-down political strategies of earlier evangelicals, the believers who participate in the migration to the Pacific Northwest work to build communities that will expand organically and over time to renew America and to replace the supposed neutrality of its legislative base. The project is working. But it is not clear whether the integrity of these ideas will continue as their audience base grows. Mass culture routinizes what was once regarded as radical, with effects that may not easily be predicted at the “end of white, Christian America.”
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Spranzi, Marta. "L’éthique de l’interprète en milieu social : neutralité et engagement." In Traduction et migration, 207–22. Presses de l’Inalco, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pressesinalco.36108.
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Feys, Torsten. "Competition and Collusion: The Growing Pains of Passenger Shipping Conferences." In The Battle for the Migrants, 119–62. Liverpool University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781927869000.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the relationship between the transatlantic migration movement and passenger shipping conferences. By analysing records from the New York Continental Conference, which regulated prepaid and return business, it reconstructs the price brackets for major shipping firms in the final quarter of the nineteenth century. It also reveals how conferences attempted to neutralise internal and external competition. Analysis of the head agent’s correspondence offers a view of the organisation of passenger business that proves particularly insightful due to a scarcity of other contemporary sources.
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Klymchuk, Iryna. "FEATURES OF THE SCANDINAVIAN MODEL OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OF THE KINGDOM OF SWEDEN." In Development of scientific, technological and innovation space in Ukraine and EU countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-151-0-28.
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The article is devoted to the studying of the functioning of features of public diplomacy of the Kingdom of Sweden. The author covered the evolution of Swedish public diplomacy as a bright example of «niche» public diplomacy. It has been proved that the initial goal of county’s public diplomacy was to get rid of the negative consequences of the neutrality policy during World War II, and during the 1950s and 1980s – to make the Sweden more visible in the international arena by promoting its national features and interests. The institutional and legal principles and tools for the implementation of public diplomacy are also revealed. In particular, it has been established that the main country’s public diplomacy institutions are: the Swedish Institute, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Swedish Arts Council, Natioanal Heritage Fund, Team Sweden, Nordic Council of Ministers. Today, Sweden successfully implements its public diplomacy through cooperation with Eastern European countries, among which special attention is paid to the development of relations with European Union, as well as countries in South Africa, the Middle East, Latin America and Asia. The priority areas of country’s public diplomacy are environmental protection, gender equality, education, combating sexual violence and others. Also, a set of theoretical and empirical methods have been used during the study of the topic. Thanks to the use of the historical method, it was possible to investigate the origins, causes and preconditions of the public diplomacy’s institution development. Due to the systematic method, public diplomacy was considered as a set of appropriate tools and mechanisms responsible for improving the image, visibility and attractiveness of the Scandinavian state in the eyes of the world community. With the help of swat analyze it was possible to summarize the advantages and disadvantages, as well as challenges and potential threats of the Swedish public diplomacy. The study object is the public diplomacy as an element of Swedish foreign policy. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the functioning of public diplomacy in the Kingdom of Sweden. The aim of the study is to analyze the features and prospects of the public diplomacy model of the Kingdom of Sweden. During the research it has been founded that the strengths of Swedish public diplomacy are: convenient geographical location, membership in international organizations (UN, Nordic Council, EU), democratic style in decision making, international corporations that promote products and services associated with Swedish quality and standards (IKEA, Flippa K, H&M, Spotify, Ericsson, COS); great cultural heritage (music, cinema, literature, design, fashion, cuisine); active academic mobility and cooperation, intensive implementation of Internet technologies Web 2.0; attractive tourist infrastructure. Instead, one of the shortcomings are: the weak migration policy, which has led to the large influx of immigrants from Africa and the Middle East, that affects the economic and social climate in the country and further more the blurring of national identity; lack of clear long-term strategy for the development of foreign affairs.
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Marrero, Karen L. "“Borders Thick and Foggy”." In Warring for America. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631516.003.0013.
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This paper examines transnational movements at the northern border in 1838, a pivotal year in United States, British, and indigenous relations. In that year, the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions were launched from Maine to Detroit as an attempt by local people on both sides of the border to over throw a small cadre of British elites who dominated a conservative political machine. That same year, Potawatomi of the southern Great Lakes who had traditionally freely crossed the border due to treaty arrangements negotiated at the end of the eighteenth century, utilized these transnational options to flee forced removal by the U.S. government. Similarly, indigenized French, individuals who were the products of over a century of integration into Native communities, were migrating away from these communities as British Indian agents attempted to protect indigenous homelands. At Detroit, a key location for migrating Potawatomi and other Anishinaabe, the movements of these three groups came together, dislocating and relocating families, and at times breaking out into armed conflict that threatened a British/American neutrality agreement. Detroit’s location at the apex of the indigenous buffer zone made the performance of indigeneity a crucial means to negotiate and sometimes thwart the agendas of the two Euro-American nations. Of the three groups, Potawatomi were most successful in maintaining their communities.
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"Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering." In Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering, edited by Mark S. Bevelhimer and Charles C. Coutant. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874028.ch15.
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<em>Abstract</em>.— The bioengineering field needs an inexpensive tool to monitor fish behavior in relation to structures and hydraulic features at hydropower and thermoelectric power plants. We attached inexpensive chemiluminescent light sticks to 243 yearling steelhead <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>to assess the feasibility of using light emitting tags as an inexpensive method to observe night time movements of downstream-migrating steelhead at a hydropower dam powerhouse and headrace. Adaptation of a small monofilament T-bar anchor tag allowed rapid tagging with minimal handling stress. Preliminary studies in the laboratory indicated no apparent deleterious effects of the tags. The near-neutrally buoyant, 37 × 4 mm light sticks were held about 2 cm above the fish’s back and were visible from all directions. Visual observations allowed definition of trajectories of 138 fish from point of release in relation to several physical structures and hydraulic patterns near a hydropower dam. Less detailed observations were made for another 40 fish. The technique was valuable for obtaining detailed movement patterns of fish at depths up to about 1.7 m and over areas of about 30 m radius from one observer located about 3 m above the water surface. The main use for light tags is likely to be for short-duration, night observations of fish behavior in small streams, for shallow near-shore areas, or with surface-oriented fish. The technique seems useful for observing fine-scale fish movements near physical and hydraulic features associated with shallow entrances to water intakes, such as for turbines or fish bypasses. Additional observers and/or video surveillance can extend the distance of observations, the accuracy of the data, and quantification of results.
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"Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering." In Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering, edited by Mark S. Bevelhimer and Charles C. Coutant. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874028.ch15.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em>.— The bioengineering field needs an inexpensive tool to monitor fish behavior in relation to structures and hydraulic features at hydropower and thermoelectric power plants. We attached inexpensive chemiluminescent light sticks to 243 yearling steelhead <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>to assess the feasibility of using light emitting tags as an inexpensive method to observe night time movements of downstream-migrating steelhead at a hydropower dam powerhouse and headrace. Adaptation of a small monofilament T-bar anchor tag allowed rapid tagging with minimal handling stress. Preliminary studies in the laboratory indicated no apparent deleterious effects of the tags. The near-neutrally buoyant, 37 × 4 mm light sticks were held about 2 cm above the fish’s back and were visible from all directions. Visual observations allowed definition of trajectories of 138 fish from point of release in relation to several physical structures and hydraulic patterns near a hydropower dam. Less detailed observations were made for another 40 fish. The technique was valuable for obtaining detailed movement patterns of fish at depths up to about 1.7 m and over areas of about 30 m radius from one observer located about 3 m above the water surface. The main use for light tags is likely to be for short-duration, night observations of fish behavior in small streams, for shallow near-shore areas, or with surface-oriented fish. The technique seems useful for observing fine-scale fish movements near physical and hydraulic features associated with shallow entrances to water intakes, such as for turbines or fish bypasses. Additional observers and/or video surveillance can extend the distance of observations, the accuracy of the data, and quantification of results.
Conference papers on the topic "Migration neutrality"
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Mukherjee, Partha P., Devesh Ranjan, Rangachary Mukundan, and Rodney L. Borup. "Heat and Water Transport in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrode." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22703.
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In the present scenario of a global initiative toward a sustainable energy future, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has emerged as one of the most promising alternative energy conversion devices for various applications. Despite tremendous progress in recent years, a pivotal performance limitation in the PEFC comes from liquid water transport and the resulting flooding phenomena. Liquid water blocks the open pore space in the electrode and the fibrous diffusion layer leading to hindered oxygen transport. The electrode is also the only component in the entire PEFC sandwich which produces waste heat from the electrochemical reaction. The cathode electrode, being the host to several competing transport mechanisms, plays a crucial role in the overall PEFC performance limitation. In this work, an electrode model is presented in order to elucidate the coupled heat and water transport mechanisms. Two scenarios are specifically considered: (1) conventional, Nafion® impregnated, three-phase electrode with the hydrated polymeric membrane phase as the conveyer of protons where local electro-neutrality prevails; and (2) ultra-thin, two-phase, nano-structured electrode without the presence of ionomeric phase where charge accumulation due to electro-statics in the vicinity of the membrane-CL interface becomes important. The electrode model includes a physical description of heat and water balance along with electrochemical performance analysis in order to study the influence of electro-statics/electro-migration and phase change on the PEFC electrode performance.
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He, Xingxi, and Donald J. Leo. "Monte-Carlo Simulation of Ion Transport at the Polymer-Metal Interface." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79765.
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The transport of charge due to electric stimulus is the primary mechanism of actuation for a class of polymeric active materials known as ionomeric polymer transducers. Continuum-based models of ion transport have been developed for the purpose of understanding charge transport due to diffusion and migration. In this work a two dimensional ion hopping model has been built to describe ion transport in ionomeric polymer transducer (IPT) with Monte-Carlo simulation. In the simulation, cations are distributed on 50nm × 50nm × 1nm (or 50nm × 10 nm × 1nm) lattice cells of IPT while the same number of negative charges are uniformly scattered and fixed as background. In the simulation, thermally activated cations are hopping between multiwell energy structures by overcoming energy barriers around with a hopping distance of 1nm during each time step. A step voltage is applied between the electrodes of the IPT. In one single simulation step, coulomb energy, external electric potential energy and intrinsic energy of the material are calculated and added up for the energy wells around the cations. And then hopping rates in every potential hopping direction are obtained. Due to the random nature of the ion transitions, a weighting function from Monte-Carlo algorithm is added in to calculate the ion hopping time. Finally hopping time is compared, the minimum hopping time is chosen and one hopping event is completed. Both system time and ions distribution are updated before the next simulation loop. Periodic boundary conditions are applied when ions hop in the direction perpendicular to the electric field. The influence of the electrodes on both faces of IPT is presented by the method of image charges. The charge density at equilibrium state is compared with the result from a continuum-based model. The property of charge density has charge neutrality over the central part of the membrane and the charge imbalance over boundary layers close to the anode and cathode. Electric field distribution is obtained after charge distribution. After it is demonstrated that ion hopping model leads to the results qualitatively matching the property of IPT, the paper uses the model to analyze the polymer-metal interface when the electrode shape inside transducer varies.
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Cho, Byung Rae, Young Won Kim, and Jung Yul Yoo. "Lateral Migration of Neutrally-Buoyant Particles in a Square Microchannel at Low Reynolds Numbers." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78310.
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Lateral migration of particles has drawn a lot of attention in suspension community for the last 50 years. Since there is no need for extra external forces, lateral migration of particles plays an important role in constructing microfluidic devices in diverse engineering applications. In this paper, an experimental study on lateral migration of neutrally-buoyant spherical particles transported through a square microchannel is carried out using a fluorescent microscope at low Reynolds numbers. Fluorescent microspheres with diameters of d = 6 μm, 10 μm, and 16 μm are adopted as the test particles, which yield channel-to-particle size ratios of 13.3, 8 and 5, respectively. Spatial distributions of the particles in dilute suspension are visualized at different Reynolds numbers. It is shown that particles are uniformly distributed over the channel cross-section at relatively low Reynolds numbers. As the Reynolds number increases, however, particles migrate inward from the wall and away from the central axis of the channel, so that consequently they accumulate at an equilibrium position, exhibiting the so-called “tubular pinch effect”, first observed by Segre´ and Silberberg as early as in 1962. Experimental results obtained in this work offer design rules for microfluidic channels that play important roles of particle separation or particle focusing.
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Yao, Ye, Kevin M. Beussman, and Yechun Wang. "Computational Studies of Droplet Dynamics in a Steady Electric Field." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85744.
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A three-dimensional spectral boundary integral algorithm has been developed to investigate the dynamics of a neutrally buoyant and initially uncharged droplet in another immiscible fluid subjected to a steady electric field. Good agreement has been found by comparing with analytical solutions and experimental results for droplets in a uniform electric field. Benefit from the fully three-dimensional algorithm that we have developed, the droplet deformation and migration induced by the nonuniform electric field created by a point charge has been investigated. We computationally predict the deformation and migration of the droplet under the influence of physical properties of the system: resistivities, permittivities and viscosities, as well as the electric capillary number. The numerical scheme developed by this study and computational results provide foundation for the computational investigation of droplet motion in digital microfluidics.
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Gupta, Amit, Louis Chow, Ranganathan Kumar, and Anthony Ladd. "Effect of Aspect Ratio on Inertial Migration of Neutrally Buoyant Spheres in a Rectangular Channel." In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1022.
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Gheisari, Reza, and Parisa Mirbod. "Experimental Study of Non-Colloidal Mono and Polydisperse Suspension in Taylor-Couette Flow." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21570.
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Monodisperse and polydisperse suspension flows form an extensive section of natural and technological flows. These flow structures can be categorized to sedimenting or neutrally buoyant suspensions considering the density ratio between particle phase to dispersion phase. Biological systems, food processing, ceramic injection, dynamic filtration and air conditioning are examples of areas that such flows arise. Various complicated interparticle interactions and their inevitable influence on and from the continuous phase result in some interesting phenomena which are challenging to justify. This research studies axial instabilities of suspension flow in a partially filled Taylor-Couette setup. Previous observations show that when a monodisperse suspension undergoes a rotational shear motion in a partially filled horizontal Couette cell, particles leave their initial uniform distribution and migrate to regions with lower shear rate. This migration helps formation of ring-shape axial concentrated bands. This study examines the noncolloidal neutrally buoyant suspensions of hard spherical particles with average diameters of 150, 360, 850 micron. Using UCON oil (poly ethylene glycol-ran-glycol) as suspending fluid, monodisperse and polydisperse suspensions in partially filled Stokesian Couette-Taylor flow were studied. The results show strong dependence of band number and profile on suspension concentration and filling level. Moreover interesting phenomena in polydisperse suspensions such as different band shape and weak dependence of band formation time on size of constituents were observed.
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Pazouki, Arman, and Dan Negrut. "Direct Simulation of Lateral Migration of Buoyant Particles in Channel Flow Using GPU Computing." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71315.
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The current work promotes the implementation of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method for the Fluid-Solid Interaction (FSI) problems on three levels: 1- an algorithm is described to simulate FSI problems, 2- a parallel GPU implementation is described to efficiently alleviate the performance problem of the SPH method, and 3- validations against other numerical methods and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of SPH and SPH-based FSI simulations. While the numerical solution of the fluid dynamics is performed via SPH method, the general Newton-Euler equations of motion are solved for the time evolution of the rigid bodies. Moreover, the frictional contacts in the solid phase are resolved by the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which draws on a viscoelastic model for the mutual interactions. SPH is a Lagrangian method and allows an efficient and straightforward coupling of the fluid and solid phases, where any interface, including boundaries, can be decomposed by SPH particles. Therefore, with a single SPH algorithm, fluid flow and interfacial interactions, namely force and motion, are considered. Furthermore, without any extra effort, the contact resolution of rigid bodies with complex geometries benefits from the spherical decomposition of solid surfaces. Although SPH provides 2nd order accuracy in the discretization of mass and momentum equations, the pressure field may still exhibit large oscillations. One of the most straightforward and computationally inexpensive solutions to this problem is the density re-initialization technique. Additionally, to prevent particle interpenetration and improve the incompressibility of the flow field, the XSPH correction is adopted herein. Despite being relatively straightforward to implement for the analysis of both internal and free surface flows, a naïve SPH simulation does not exhibit the efficiency required for the 3D simulation of real-life fluid flow problems. To address this issue, the software implementation of the proposed framework relies on parallel implementation of the spatial subdivision method on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), which allows for an efficient 3D simulation of the fluid flow. Similarly, the time evolution and contact resolution of rigid bodies are implemented using independent GPU-based kernels, which results in an embarrassingly parallel algorithm. Three problems are considered in the current work to show the accuracy of SPH and FSI algorithms. In the first problem, the simulation of the transient Poiseuille flow exhibits an exact match with the analytical solution in series form. The lateral migration of the neutrally buoyant circular cylinder, referred to as tubular pinch effect, is successfully captured in the second problem. In the third problem, the migration of spherical particles in pipe flow was simulated. Two tests were performed to demonstrate whether the Magnus effect or the curvature of the velocity profile cause the particle migration. At the end, the original experiment of the Segre and Silberberg (Segre and Silberberg, Nature 189 (1961) 209–210), which is composed of 3D fluid flow and several rigid particles, is simulated.