Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Migration, Internal – Sweden – History'
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Andersson, Erika. "Are You Staying? : A Study of In-movers to Northern Sweden and the Factors Influencing Migration and Duration of Stay." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137446.
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The distribution of the population has multiple implications on regional development and planning. In-migration is frequently seen as the only possible solution in order to rejuvenate the population and stimulate regional development in sparsely populated regions. A population increase results in greater tax revenues, meaning that local authorities can plan for their inhabitants and expenditures in a more sufficient way. In addition, certain professionals are needed in order to support essential local services such as schools and hospitals. Place marketing with the intention of attracting in-movers has become increasingly popular, especially for rural, sparsely populated Swedish municipalities. Still, the outcome from place marketing efforts are dubious and in addition, migration has a temporal aspect and individual migration propensity usually fluctuates over time. This begs the question – how long do in-movers stay? Is there potential for long lasting development in sparsely populated regions connected to in-movers or is it temporary? This study focuses on the duration of time until an in-mover re-migrates from Region 8 in northern Sweden and which socioeconomic and demographic factors that influences the out- migration. This is studied by applying an event history method with discrete-time logistic regressions. The study follows individuals in working age that moved to any of nine specified municipalities in Västerbotten and Norrbotten County, sometime between 2000 and 2011. Questions posed for the study is: i) On average, how long did people who moved to Region 8 between the years 2000-2011 stay in the region? ii) What are the socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence the out-migration from the region? iii) Do the influencing factors differ between women and men? The results show that the time perspective matters as the risk of moving out was highest in the initial years and that it declines with time. 30 % of the sampled in-movers had moved out again within the time of observation, and on average the in-movers stayed for nine years. The regression results indicated that the factors that had the greatest influence on the out- migration was unemployment, being between 20-26 years old, high education, having and unemployed partner, and having children below school age. Women had a slightly lower likelihood of moving out compared to men, and the most prominent influential factor to outmigration that varied between women and men was unemployment.
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Mikkonen, Maria. "Internal migration and labour market outcomes among refugees in Sweden." Licentiate thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1220.
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尹浩然 and Ho-yin Wan. "Population expansion, internal migration and social disturbances in eighteenth-century China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221828.
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Kryger, Anton, and Hampus Schönfeldt. "Should I Stay or Should I Go? : A cross-sectional study of refugee's internal migration pattern in Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40204.
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Background: Sweden has in the past four years experienced a large influx of refugees. Some of these refugees were arranged housing upon arrival by the Swedish state. Approximately 30 percent of the refugees that were arranged housing have within five years relocated from the initial municipality of residence. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence refugee’s networks has on their internal migration in Sweden. Information regarding refugees residential preferences, and if location-specific social capital affect these preferences is important for policymakers to facilitate integration. Method: The initial and subsequent residential locations among refugees is studied to analyze how important other immigrants overall, and other immigrants from the individual’s country of birth in a municipality affect if a refugee stays in the initial municipality of residence or not. Conclusion: The results suggest that refugees stay in municipalities with high a representation of inhabitants from the individual’s birth country but move away from municipalities where there is a large share of immigrants overall.
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Minoff, Elisa Martia Alvarez. "Free to Move? The Law and Politics of Internal Migration in Twentieth-Century America." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10957.
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The history of the United States in the mid-twentieth century is, in significant measure, a history of internal migration. Between 1930 and 1970, as national quota laws kept the nation's foreign-born population at record low levels, the attention of journalists, lawmakers, jurists, social workers, civil rights activists, and the broader public turned to internal migration. The rapid pace of urbanization and the industrialization of agriculture made internal migration a pressing national question and a flashpoint in American politics. Migration was implicated in many of the seminal events of the era: from the Dust Bowl Migration to the Second Great Migration, the New Deal to the Great Society, the Bonus Army to the Watts Riots. Historians have largely overlooked this period of intense interest in internal migration and they have entirely neglected its significance. This dissertation offers the first historical appraisal of the law and politics of internal migration in the mid-twentieth century. Drawing on a broad source base—including federal and state court casefiles, the records of Congress and presidential administrations, personal and organizational papers, and contemporary published accounts—it explains how the debates over migration took shape and what their long-term effects were for policy and polity. During this period, a community of migrant advocates recommended fundamental reforms to social welfare and labor market policies. These social workers, legislators, public welfare officials, social scientists, and lawyers often faced indifference and resistance from lawmakers and the general public. They were not able to accomplish all that they hoped. But they convinced Congress and the Supreme Court to reform central pillars of the welfare state and redefine citizenship. At the beginning of the period, migrants, like all Americans, were defined by law and custom as local citizens, and local laws determined whether they could receive benefits or even move from one place to the next. By the end of the period, migrant advocates had convinced policymakers that the federal government bore some responsibility for migrants and that migrants, as national citizens, were entitled to the same rights and privileges as long-time residents. The contemporary welfare state and conception of national citizenship emerged out of these debates over internal migration.History
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Henry, Kevin A. "Exploring population structure and migration with surnames : Quebec, 1621-1900." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85167.
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This research uses isonymy (same-surname) methods and models to examine the population structure and migratory history of Quebec, Canada. Through a case study using 1765 and 1881 census and marriage records from 1621-1900, I explore the accuracy of sources as well as develop, test and apply different statistical methods, and experiment with mapping techniques that reveal paths and patterns of French Canadian surnames. Each investigation explores and evaluates a particular method. I noted that multivariate methods, including cluster analysis, relevance networks, and correspondence analysis, not traditionally used in surname analysis offer reliable and informative results, and insights into the hierarchical structure of populations not easily gleaned from traditional surname methods. The spatial and temporal components of Quebec surname distributions revealed that groups of names which populate and distinguish certain regions were in place by 1800, and cross-river relatedness became less significant as the population expanded upstream away from the St. Lawrence River. I also found that surnames unique to certain regions remained strongly clustered until the mid-nineteenth century when urbanization and the settlement of new territory led to the fusion of name pools (diversification) in and around urban areas, while at the same time causing losses of names in some rural areas. The marriage records provided evidence, through their measure of random mating, that surnames within different regions in Quebec continually diversified throughout the nineteenth century. Overall, I found surnames to be an informative variable for inferring population relatedness and migratory paths. Because surnames are readily available in a number of sources researchers involved with historical migration research should find that the methods presented in this work will provide a time-saving technique which can overcome the restrictions of spatial and temporal scale an
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Johnson, Susan Allyn. "Industrial voyagers a case study of Appalachian migration to Akron, Ohio : 1900-1940 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1140124259.
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Budathoki, Aakash. "Migration & Modernity." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2809.
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The main objective of this essay is to analyze the challenges caused by today's modern phenomenon of change in our society and to discuss it in relationship to the process of migration. In doing so I focus on questions like, "what does it really mean when a person becomes a migrant and what does it mean to be the host country?" Becoming a migrant or a host country is a complex process which involves variety of challenges both for individuals and the locality. New inventions are made in the field of science and technology. Societies and social institutions are subjected to change and we undergo several changes or modifications to fit in to this changing system. This makes integration process more tedious and complex. I feel that the process of accepting and adopting begins from the very first moment in the new society. The one who comes in also brings in new cultural perspectives, new ideologies and beliefs. This establishes the background of plurality which has both positive and negative consequences.
I believe that every factor from bigger social institutions to minute incidents associated with an individual are of equal importance in understanding society as a whole. So I approach my research question here by considering both micro and macro theorists. I have also referred to migrations history of Sweden which provides general idea of types and mode of migration in the past few decades.
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Steidl, Annemarie, and Engelbert Stockhammer. "Coming and leaving. Internal mobility in late Imperial Austria." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/768/1/document.pdf.
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The paper investigates the determinants of internal migration within late imperial Austria. In contrast to the modernization paradigm which studies onedirectional migration flows from rural to urban areas, our approach highlights that spatial mobility consisted of movements in both directions. Using data on all districts of the Austrian part of the Hapsburg Monarchy, we find that in- and outmigration rates are positively correlated, and that the modernization paradigm in migration research is consistent with our results for net-migration rates, but inconsistent with those for out-migration. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Foreman, Chelsea. "Female Migration From Sweden to Britain : An investigation into how female migration from Sweden to Britain in 1894, 1914, 1925, and 1940 was affected by the economy and political changes to women’s rights." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65997.
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The purpose of this essay is to find out to what female migration from Sweden to Britain looked like in 1894, 1914, 1925, and 1940, and to what extent any changes seen were affected by the economy and political changes to women’s rights. In order to do this I have analysed statistics found in archive material, in addition to literature relating to migration into Britain, the economy, and women’s rights, in order to see if there is a correlation between changes in the statistics presented and changes in society. In doing this, I found that although there are immense changes to the rights of women between 1894 and 1940 in both Sweden and Britain, such as the right to vote, the right to equal work, and the right to equal pensions, migration patterns lean much further towards the economical changes than the political changes. The biggest of these economic factors in Britain was quite clearly the industrial revolution, which affected multiple sectors of work for every type of person. Meanwhile Sweden had a situation where there was an excess of women in the country, and 90% of those that worked were agricultural workers, leading to a large outlier of ‘pigor’ or female farmhands who emigrated in 1894.Syftet med denna uppsatsen är att undersöka hur kvinnlig migration från Sverige till Storbritannien såg ut under år 1894, 1914, 1925 och 1940. Jag har även undersökt till vilken grad eventuella ändringar, av migrationen, påverkades av ekonomin och även de politiska förändringarna gällande kvinnliga rättigheter. För att uppnå syftet har jag analyserat statistik samlad från arkivmaterial. Detta tillsammans med litteratur kring migration till Storbritannien, ekonomin och kvinnliga rättigheter, för att kunna se ifall det finns en korrelation mellan skillnaderna i den presenterade statistiken och hur samhället ändrades. Genom att göra detta fann jag att fastän det finns stora skillnader i kvinnornas rättigheter mellan 1894 och 1940 i både Sverige och Storbritannien, som till exempel rösträtten, rätt till arbete och rätt till samma pension som män, så lutade ändringen i migrationen mycket mer åt i hur ekonomin ändrade sig än själva politiken. Den största ekonomiska faktorn i Storbritannien var den industriella revolutionen, vilket påverkade många olika arbetssektorer för alla i samhället. Under tiden detta pågick i Storbritannien fann Sverige sig i en situation där det fanns ett överflöd av kvinnor i landet, varav 90% arbetade inom jordbruket. En följd av situationen var den konstaterade utflyttningen av många pigor till Storbritannien år 1894.
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Langlois, Lise. "Reproduction sociale à l'Île d'Orléans stratégies, transmission du patrimoine et migrations sous le régime français." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21783.pdf.
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Day, Joseph. "Leaving home and migrating in nineteenth-century England and Wales : evidence from the 1881 census enumerators' books (CEBs)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283973.
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Macpherson, Robert Allan. "Immigrant integration and the global recession : a case study using Swedish register data." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7598.
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In many immigrant-receiving countries, the increased rate and diversification of immigration has placed immigrant integration high on academic and political agendas. Immigrant integration must also be understood within increasingly complex contexts due to the global recession and new geographies of immigrant settlement. The aim of this thesis is to deepen understanding of immigrant integration processes during the recession by using Sweden as an empirical lens. Using Swedish register data, this thesis examines the registered population during the recent economic boom and bust to explore how the recession may have resulted in differential labour market and migration outcomes between immigrants and natives. The first empirical chapter highlights how long-term processes have produced a spatial, immigrant division of labour that results in differential risks of unemployment during the recession. The second empirical chapter examines internal migration to show that although cyclical patterns of the economy offer some explanation of the differences in experiences between immigrant and natives, long-term, deeper processes are more important in understanding geographies of immigrant integration. The final empirical chapter examines a recent immigrant cohort to show that labour market entry is by no means uniform across time, space and immigrant origin. Conceptually, the thesis shows that existing theories of immigrant integration processes during recessions are underdeveloped and that processes taking place across other temporal and spatial scales offer deeper explanation for the differential outcomes between immigrants and natives. The thesis also reveals what is knowable from register data and how such data allows future research to present a more holistic picture of how various forms of immigrant integration play out across time (economic cycles, lifecourse, generations) and across space (urban, rural areas, old and new immigrant destinations). This methodological contribution is significant given that social scientists are currently evaluating the relative merits of population censuses versus administrative register data.
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Kjellberg, Stjernström Ida. "Assessing security and IPA in Afghanistan : A comparative case study on the assessment of security and internal protection alternative in Sweden and Norway." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415353.
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It is common by states to deny asylum for asylum-seekers with the argument that the applicant could find protection within their own country of residence instead of receiving international protection. This is called internal protection alternative (IPA). This research is a comparative case study and aims to explore and compare two neighbouring countries, Sweden and Norway, on how their immigration authorities differ in their assessment on both the security situation and IPA in Afghanistan. Furthermore, this thesis aims to compare the Swedish and Norwegian immigration authorities with international laws, agreements and guidelines which, therefore, is the conceptional framework for this research. This study concludes that IPA is not mentioned in the 1951 Refugee Convention and that there are no clear directives on how to apply it. States tend to interpret the already existing laws and guidelines in their own way. The result of this is that there are differences between states practice and the consequence could be that asylum-seekers could receive different assessments and decisions from different countries. This research is, therefore, highly relevant from a humanitarian- and academia perspective as it highlights differences in national practice which is crucial since these differences will affect the refugee situation of individuals and the possibility of obtaining asylum.
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Topalovic, Emina, and Nermin Ovcina. "Nycklar till en lyckad integration : En studie om 1990-talets bosniska flyktingars uppfattning om deras integrering i det svenska samhället." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43892.
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The aim of this essay is to study the lives of Bosnian refugees who were forced into fleeing their homeland and integrate into the Swedish culture and society. During the period of 1992 to 1996, approximately 2.2 million Bosnian citizens were forced to flee to other countries due to the civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Some of the citizens were internally displaced in nearby regions or border countries. Other refugees sought residence in different parts of the world. The Swedish Migration agency granted residency permits to 50,000 Bosnians between the years of 1993 to 1994.1 In order to accomplish the purpose of the essay, four Bosnian refugees who arrived in Sweden during the 1990s have been interviewed. The four interviewees generated answers which are then compared to previous research in this field. Written history tends to describe people in power as well as warfare in general. Therefore, by using oral history as a method in this study to investigate Bosnian refugees ́experiences, a more significant perspective of how they experienced integration in the Swedish society is more likely to appear. With their experiences and memories that they share with us, one will understand the life of a refugee. This essay entails a qualitative approach where we conducted semi-structured interviews with Bosnian refugees. The theory we used to analyze the results is an integration model developed by Jose Alberto Diaz who studied integration in Sweden. As a result, this study shows various factors that affect the individual ́s integration into the Swedish society. For example, the personal integration, housing integration, language skills, meaningful employment and livelihood, social contacts and the treatment of the authorities. These are some of the factors that affect the integration of immigrants.
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Sabancioglu, Musemma. "New Custom for the Old Village Interpreting History through Turkish Village Web-Sites." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/48.
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It is estimated that there are 35.000 villages in Turkey, and a great number of them have their own unofficial web-sites created as a result of individual efforts. The individuals who prepare these web-sites try to connect with the world via the internet, and represent their past with limited information. Pages on these web-sites that are titled "our history" or "our short history" provide some unique historical, cultural, and anthropological information about the villager's life in rural area. This thesis examines amateur historians' methods of reinterpretation in the past, and as such explore Turkish local history from a new point of view.
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Bergman, Maria. "Constructing communities : The establishment and demographic development of sawmill communities in the Sundsvall district, 1850-1890." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35518.
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This dissertation studies the establishment and demographic development of the sawmill communities that emerged in the Sundsvall district during the latter half of the 19th century. The intention is to highlight the importance of the sawmill communities and their resident populations by discussing community construction from a demographic perspective as well as socially and symbolically. Based on church registers, this is a longitudinal study that includes information from 31 individual sawmill communities. This study has shown that the establishment and demographic development of the sawmill communities was not an instant process that necessarily followed the construction of the sawmill industries. The prerequisites of the geographical locations and year of establishment influenced population development, but the speed and size of the settlements were individual to each mill site. More prosperous times for the industry during the 1870s resulted in that migration increased consequently leading to quickly populated communities and larger registered core populations in residence. Migration to the sawmill communities from within the parishes was infrequent and the geographical backgrounds revealed that an extremely small proportion of the populations had been born within the district, implying a migratory hesitation among locally born. The sawmill populations were male-dominated due to the large groups of temporary workers inhabiting the communities, although, adult males barely made up one-third of the registered populations. The largest demographic group was children aged 0-14 years. The strong presence of children and high proportions of married individuals suggests that the sawmill communities were family oriented communities, more so than non-sawmill areas. Long-time settled families had usually formed kinship networks with other residents. This dissertation concludes that while time was important for the development of the sawmill communities, so were the registered populations residing in these communities. Residency would have been key in claiming belonging to the sawmill communities and to be considered as a real sawmill worker. Residency, family and kin therefore contributed to the construction of community structures, geographically, socially and symbolically.
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Beiro, Douglas [UNESP]. "Territórios e memórias: narrativas de mulheres que migraram na segunda metade do século XX." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95626.
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O presente trabalho busca registrar narrativas de mulheres que experienciaram a migração interna no decorrer da segunda metade do século XX, período de grandes mudanças espaciais ocorridas na paisagem brasileira. A partir de memórias e experiências construímos narrativas, nas perspectivas da geografia humanística e cultural, para refletir as representações sobre o espaço vivido. Neste contexto, utilizamos a metodologia da História Oral não apenas para a construção de dados, mas também como subsídio para a reflexão sobre a construção de memórias de estratos pouco considerados no cenário social brasileiro. Tomamos a experiência feminina migrante como referência para o registro das representações de sujeitos que vivenciaram o processo de configuração de paisagens e territórios no período e espaço determinado. Cabe observar que esses sujeitos “pouco aparecem na documentação escrita” e que o período em estudo foi marcado por profundas mudanças sociais, econômicas e espaciais. Como essas mudanças se dão nas falas e imagens de mulheres que experienciaram o processo migratório? Que espaço é vivido e como as paisagens se apresentam nas representações dessas migrantes, sujeitos itinerantes em territórios migratórios?
This paper record narratives of women who experienced internal migration during the second half of the twentieth century, a period of major changes occurring in the landscape space Brazilian. The memories and experiences from building narratives, from the perspectives of humanistic and cultural geography, to reflect the representations on the area lived. In this context, we use the methodology of oral history not only for the construction of data, but also subsidy for the construction of reflection on the memories of little strata considered in the Brazilian social scene. We experience a female migrant with reference to the record of the representations of subjects who experienced the process of configuration of landscapes and territories over the period and a space. It should be noted that these individuals just appear on written documentation and that the period was marked by profound social changes, economic and spatial. As these changes occur in the discourse and images of women who experienced the migration process? Space that is lived and how the landscapes are presented in the representations of these migrants, subject traveling in territories migration?
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Jansson, Olle. "Industriell invandring : Utländsk arbetskraft och metall- och verkstadsindustrin, i Västmanlands län och på Bulten i Hallstahammar, 1946-1967." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-231189.
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During the first decades of the post-war era, Sweden experienced a rapid increase in labour immigration. Many of these migrants found employment in the industrial sector, where they became concentrated. This concentration varied between different industries, but was amongst the highest in the metal and engineering industries. The aim of the thesis is to explain why migrant workers were concentrated in the Swedish metal and engineering industries during the post-war period, circa 1946-67. For this aim the thesis uses case studies, one on the regional level and another at the company level, in order to investigate and differentiate between different explanations. A varied set of different direct, as well as underlying causes and circumstances have been suggested in previous research to explain this uneven distribution of migrant workers on the labour market. Different explanations arising from these perspectives have been used in prior research with some success, but they rarely confront explanations from other perspectives, thus creating different narratives driven by different circumstances, causes, processes and intentions. The ambition of this thesis has been to seek explanations for a complex and changing historical process in post-war Sweden. In order to study this, explanations from previous research have been used to find the reasons and causes behind the concentration of foreign workers in the metal and engineering industries during the post-war era. At the same time, the results of these empirical studies are used to problematize and question these established explanations. The results have led to a somewhat different picture of the circumstances and reasons that shaped the labour immigration and the distribution of foreign employees on the Swedish labour market during the post-war period. The thesis particularly stresses that the possibilities and capabilities of the employers had a significant impact on the distribution of foreign workers.
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Beiro, Douglas. "Territórios e memórias : narrativas de mulheres que migraram na segunda metade do século XX /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95626.
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Orientador: João Pedro PezzatoBanca: Maria Rosa Rodrigues Martins de Camargo
Banca: Solange Terezinha de Lima Guimarães
Resumo: O presente trabalho busca registrar narrativas de mulheres que experienciaram a migração interna no decorrer da segunda metade do século XX, período de grandes mudanças espaciais ocorridas na paisagem brasileira. A partir de memórias e experiências construímos narrativas, nas perspectivas da geografia humanística e cultural, para refletir as representações sobre o espaço vivido. Neste contexto, utilizamos a metodologia da História Oral não apenas para a construção de dados, mas também como subsídio para a reflexão sobre a construção de memórias de estratos pouco considerados no cenário social brasileiro. Tomamos a experiência feminina migrante como referência para o registro das representações de sujeitos que vivenciaram o processo de configuração de paisagens e territórios no período e espaço determinado. Cabe observar que esses sujeitos "pouco aparecem na documentação escrita" e que o período em estudo foi marcado por profundas mudanças sociais, econômicas e espaciais. Como essas mudanças se dão nas falas e imagens de mulheres que experienciaram o processo migratório? Que espaço é vivido e como as paisagens se apresentam nas representações dessas migrantes, sujeitos itinerantes em territórios migratórios?
Abstract: This paper record narratives of women who experienced internal migration during the second half of the twentieth century, a period of major changes occurring in the landscape space Brazilian. The memories and experiences from building narratives, from the perspectives of humanistic and cultural geography, to reflect the representations on the area lived. In this context, we use the methodology of oral history not only for the construction of data, but also subsidy for the construction of reflection on the memories of little strata considered in the Brazilian social scene. We experience a female migrant with reference to the record of the representations of subjects who experienced the process of configuration of landscapes and territories over the period and a space. It should be noted that these individuals "just appear on written documentation" and that the period was marked by profound social changes, economic and spatial. As these changes occur in the discourse and images of women who experienced the migration process? Space that is lived and how the landscapes are presented in the representations of these migrants, subject traveling in territories migration?
Mestre
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Svanberg, Johan. "Arbetets relationer och etniska dimensioner : Verkstadsföreningen, Metall och esterna vid Svenska Stålpressnings AB i Olofström 1945-1952." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper, KV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6239.
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Labour migration to Sweden is analysed from a labour perspective. As regards theory, the thesis focuses on how class and ethnicity intersect in a capitalistic setting, but it also gives attention to gender and age as structural principles. The main purpose is to analyse migrants in Sweden as a party in the relationship between labour and capital, and to explore how the immigration and the active recruitment of workers in other countries affected and was affected by the relative strengths of the parties on the labour market, covering the period 1945–1952. The relationship between labour and capital, regarding migration-related issues, is analysed from above and below on both national and local level, and the thesis discerns how the state mediated between the parties. It examines the first encounters between foreign-born and native-born workers at shop-floor level, how these encounters affected the relationship between the trade union and the industrial management concerned, and explores how all this, in turn, affected the relationship between the national parties on the Swedish labour market. A structural perspective is combined with micro analyses of narratives from the actors involved, which opens up for a study of the history of society. Firstly, the thesis addresses the relationship between the Swedish Engineering Employers’ Association and the Swedish Metalworkers’ Union, and secondly it is a local workplace study, focusing on Svenska Stålpressnings AB in Olofström (the Swedish Steel Pressing Company). The more precise focus of attention is on war refugees from Estonia employed by the company in Olofström between 1945 and 1947, and on Estonians recruited directly from West German refugee camps in the early 1950s. The study reveals that the Metalworkers’ Union at first opposed labour recruitment abroad – at both national and local level –, but also how coincident interests developed between labour, capital and the state regarding labour immigration. An important finding is that the Metalworkers’ Union had great influence considering which companies would be allowed to recruit foreign-born workers, and that the trade union could direct the migrations to workplaces with acceptable staff policies. A fundamental research problem for the thesis is, furthermore, how social groups construct ethnic boundaries between “us” and “the others”. It is stressed that Estonians’ background experiences and social memories differed from those of the Swedish workers, and that these differences affected the outcomes of the first encounters. But it is also pointed out that the Estonian group was internally divided, with a basis in interwar Estonian political history and in disparate class backgrounds among the Estonians.
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Maagaard, Sebastian. "The End of Sweden’s Nonalignment Policy and Generous RefugeePolicy, or EU as a Solution : Sweden’s National Self-determination in the EU Membership Debate,1987 – 1991." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320389.
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This thesis examines how the parliamentary debate in Sweden saw the consequences of Swedenas a nation were to join the European Union. The nation is defined as a state based on nationalself-determination. The EU is regarded as a supra-state organisation and one of the moreextensive efforts of its kind. I specifically examine two themes in Swedish foreign policy. Theseare the nonalignment policy and migration policy. Through a discourse analysis I show that allpolitical parties perceive consequences for the self-determination and all argue selfdeterminationwill be lost in the event of membership. However, they are divided in what theybelieved this would lead to. Some parties support EU whereas others are sceptical of EU. Partiesthat support an EU-membership argue that it is inevitable to join and Sweden will lose selfdeterminationanyway. A membership opens the possibility to influence and participate, but anabstaining will lead forced acceptance of policies. Many of the supporters are even positive ofbeing a member in EU. Sceptics, on the other hand believe Sweden will lack influence and loseall self-determination. The organisation itself is against Sweden as it is a supra-stateorganisation, which may reduce the role of single member-states. For the nonalignment policy,the government initially use it as an argument against EU, but later support membership if thenonalignment policy can be kept. The other supporters acknowledge the nonalignment policy,but nevertheless assert that EU is compatible with the nonalignment policy. This is because ofthe changes in the geopolitical situation. Sceptics believe the nonalignment policy rejectmembership, mostly due to the still uncertain geopolitical situation and the suspicion EU willdeprive Sweden of its decision-making. Sometimes they suggest the self-determination andnonalignment policy are prerequisites for each other. In the migration policy, all parties supportgenerous migration policy, but
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Vidal, Torre Sergi. "Essays on residential trajectories and social ties in the stage of early adulthood." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7248.
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Aquesta tesi doctoral es composa de tres linies de recerca en que s'analitza de forma dinàmica l'associació entre mobilitat residencial / migracions i les relacions social que es troben en el lloc de residència. Les tres recerques s'enmarquen dins del marc teòric del Curs de Vida i es fa us de tècniques d'anàlisi Event-History per analitzar biografies residencials d'adults joves. En la primera recerca s'analitzen l'efecte de l'estructura de la familia extesa (aquella més enllà de la parella i els fills) en la probabilitat de fer un canvi residencial de llarga distancia (més de 50 km) a l'alemanya occidental. En la segona recerca s'analitzen entrades i sortides de la llar parental al Regne Unit. En la tercera recerca s'estudien multiples facetes de la proximitat de les xarxes socials en la propensió d'emigrar en diferents estadis del procés de pressa de decissió.This PhD thesis tackles from an empirical and quantitative perspective the influence of social ties on geographical mobility behavior and decision-making. The dissertation is composed of three lines of research all framed in Life Course theory and taking advantage of Event-History techniques to analyze individual residential biographies of young adults. The first essay deals about the influence of the extended family structure on the probability of long distance mobility (i.e. further than 50 km) in West Germany. The second essay analyses leaves and returns to the parental home in the UK. The third essay sheds light on the multifaceted effect of ties' proximity on migration propensity in the different stages of decision-making and behaviour.
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Stenbäck, Tomas. "Swedish Belief and Swedish Tradition : The Role of Religion in Sweden Democrat Nationalism." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Religionsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33345.
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In the context of Western, European, Nordic, and Swedish radical nationalism, this study is an analysis of the various ways the political party the Sweden Democrats talks about religion; primarily about Swedish Evangelical-Lutheran Christianity and the Church of Sweden. The study investigates the party expressions on religion and nationalism, using theoretical models of interpretation, constructed for this specific purpose, out of hermeneutic methodology. The purpose has been to analyse the different functions of the various ways the Sweden Democrats talk about religion, and to investigate how the references to religion legitimize the ideology of nationalism, with the aim to answer the following questions: How do the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion function as an identity marker? In what way is it possible to distinguish an aspiration for cultural purity in the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion? Is it possible to distinguish neo-racism in the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion? In which ways can the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion be regarded as political strategy? The results demonstrate in which ways the Sweden Democrats apply religion to promote the party perceptions of nationalism, as well as to legitimize the party conceptions of the Swedish nation and the Swedish people: Swedish Christianity and the Church of Sweden are used to identify Swedish culture and to identify contrasting foreign culture. Swedish Christianity is used as the determining factor between the good Swedish people and the bad other people. Swedish Christianity is used as the determining factor between the right Swedish values and the wrong values of the other. Swedish Christian values are used as dividing criteria between the culturally pure Swedish people and the culturally impure other people. The degeneration of the Church of Sweden mirrors the degeneration of the Swedish society. Swedish Christian homogeneity will guarantee security for the Swedish people and the Swedish nation within the Swedish nation-state. Elements of religion and culture sort different peoples into different categories in the hierarchical view of humanity. Swedish Christianity and Swedish culture identify and define the Swedish people as innocent to the current precarious situation of the Swedish nation, and Swedish Christianity and Swedish culture identify and define the people of the other, which is to blame for this situation. The Swedish people is superior, to the non-Swedish people, because of superior Swedish religion and superior Swedish culture. Swedish Christianity is used to promote anti-democratic political positions. Swedish Christianity is used to legitimize coercion and force in the enforcement of Swedishness.
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Link, Rogério Sávio. "Especialistas na migração : luteranos na Amazônia, o processo migratório e a formação do Sínodo da Amazônia 1967-1997." Faculdades EST, 2008. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=79.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorIgreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil
Federação Luterana Mundial
A presente tese estuda o fenômeno migratório para a Amazônia a partir da migração de luteranos provenientes do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil e da atuação da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB). A área geográfica corresponde às fronteiras do Sínodo da Amazônia. O recorte temporal é delimitado pela migração dos primeiros luteranos para a região em 1967 e pela incorporação da região à estrutura eclesiástica em 1997. Neste ano, foi instituído o Sínodo da Amazônia. O estudo está subdividido em dois capítulos e é feito a partir da história social e cultural. No primeiro, aborda a iniciativa migratória com base em estudos sociológicos e antropológicos, buscando por causas e motivos da migração. Nesse primeiro capítulo, também é ressaltado o processo de encontro cultural com outros migrantes, com as populações caboclas que viviam na região e com a população indígena, uma vez que os migrantes luteranos entraram em competição com esses grupos pela posse do território. No segundo capítulo, a tese aborda a atuação da igreja para montar estruturas e acompanhar esses migrantes. A IECLB incentivou a migração e a permanência de luteranos na Amazônia. Criou e manteve projetos que atraíram e ajudaram os colonos a se fixarem. Esse trabalho visava favorecer os migrantes em geral e também a população cabocla. Durante este período a IECLB, também, começou a atuar junto aos povos indígenas da região. A idéia era atender a pessoa como um todo e todas as pessoas, como se dizia na época. Assim, nesse novo contexto, a igreja tentou ensaiar novos jeitos de ser igreja. A tese procura analisar esses diferentes jeitos e os atritos e conflitos que decorrem do embate entre eles.
This dissertation studies the migratory phenomenon to the Amazon area focusing on the migration of Lutherans coming from Southern and Southeastern Brazil and on the action of the Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) [The Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil]. The geographical area corresponds with the boundaries of the Amazonia Synod. The time frame limits are the migration of the first Lutherans to the region in 1967 and the incorporation of the region into the ecclesisatical structure in 1997. The Amazonia Synod was instituted in that year. The study is subdivided into two chapters and is based on social and cultural history. In the first, the migratory initiative is approached through sociological and anthropological studies, seeking the causes and motives for the migration. In this first chapter the process of the cultural encounter with other migrants, with the cabocla (mixed Black, Indian, European) populations who had colonized and lived in the region and with the indigenous population is also highlighted since the Lutheran migrants entered into competition with these groups for the possession of the land. In the second chapter, the dissertation talks of the action of the church in mounting structures and accompanying these migrants. The IECLB encouraged the migration and the permanence of the Lutherans in the Amazon area. It created and maintained projects that attracted and helped the settlers to stay on the land. The goal of this work was to favor the migrants in general and also the cabocla population. During this period the IECLB also began to work with the indigenous peoples of the region. The idea was to tend to the person as a whole and tend to all people as the saying went at the time. Thus, in this new context, the church practiced new ways of being a church. The dissertation seeks to analyze these different ways and the friction and conflicts that result from the clash between them.
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Tudela, Vázquez Enrique. "Marcharse lejos. Migraciones granadinas a Barcelona durante el primer franquismo (1940-1960)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668226.
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Esta tesis es un estudio de las migraciones granadinas a mediados del siglo XX, fundamentalmente acerca de sus causas y también sobre aspectos concretos de las múltiples formas de inserción espacial y laboral que desarrollaron los granadinos en la Barcelona de posguerra. Los ámbitos geográficos escogidos son principalmente numerosas localidades rurales granadinas, distribuidas por la práctica totalidad de la provincia y la ciudad de Barcelona, incluyendo diversas ciudades industriales de su área metropolitana. El período investigado comprende las dos primeras décadas de la dictadura franquista, 1940 y 1950, aunque incorpora en el primer capítulo una perspectiva histórica de mayor alcance.
El primer capítulo trata de situar el desarrollo económico de Granada previo a la guerra civil y el desarrollo del movimiento obrero granadino hasta el final de la contienda. Usamos para ello una perspectiva de largo alcance para comprender determinadas particularidades de la configuración histórica y social de la provincia de Granada. Mencionamos los antecedentes migratorios de la población granadina, para analizar el papel que este fenómeno desempeñó en las estrategias de las clases subalternas de la provincia. Finalmente analizamos el desarrollo del movimiento obrero en la provincia de Granada y su evolución, deteniéndonos particularmente en el periodo de la II República y la guerra civil.
El segundo capítulo se enmarca completamente dentro del período investigado y aborda el estudio de las causas del fenómeno migratorio en la posguerra. De ese modo, reconstruimos las diversas modalidades de la represión, vinculadas a la implantación de la dictadura franquista y su relación con la emigración de los trabajadores granadinos. Partiendo de la experiencia del retorno de los excombatientes republicanos, este capítulo trata de profundizar en el conocimiento de las múltiples fracturas intracomunitarias que ocasionó el resultado de la guerra civil.
Por su parte, el tercer capítulo también está destinado a analizar las causas de la emigración de la población rural granadina, en este caso a través de un análisis de la crisis del mundo agrícola y como afecto a la segmentada estructura social de la Granada rural. En este capítulo se abordan las consecuencias del fracaso de las propuestas industrializadoras en Granada. También analizamos de qué manera se vieron afectadas las economías domésticas del campesinado granadino, tanto en el caso de los jornaleros como en el de los labradores, por la implementación de las políticas agrarias del primer franquismo y los intereses de los grandes propietarios de tierra.
El cuarto capítulo relata la experiencia del viaje e inserción espacial de los inmigrantes granadinos en Barcelona. En este apartado se observan las dificultades que encontraron las granadinas y granadinos para la realización de su proyecto migratorio y cuáles fueron las pautas de asentamiento que llevaron a cabo. Abordamos también un análisis de los discursos contra la inmigración que surgieron en la década de 1940 y 1950 y como afectaron a la implementación de políticas represivas contra el hecho migratorio. Ante esto, observamos el despliegue de un amplio repertorio de estrategias por parte de los granadinos inmigrados para conseguir superar los límites impuestos por la administración, en el complicado contexto de la Barcelona de posguerra.
Por último, el quinto capítulo explora los mecanismos de inserción de las personas inmigradas en el mercado laboral barcelonés. En sus páginas describimos los mecanismos de inserción y principales ámbitos donde se ubicaron los trabajadores inmigrados y por qué motivos. También describimos de qué manera percibieron la reaparición de la conflictividad laboral en tierras catalanas y que reacciones tuvieron ante ello. Por último, observaremos los mecanismos que llevaron al surgimiento y transmisión de una cultura de la emigración hacia Barcelona entre la sociedad granadina.This thesis is a study of internal Spanish migration in the mid-twentieth century, focusing on the causes and also about specific aspects of the multiple forms of community integration and job placement that migrants developed in postwar Barcelona. The geographical areas chosen are mainly numerous rural towns in the Andalusian province of Granada, distributed throughout almost the entire province and the city of Barcelona, including various industrial cities in its metropolitan area. The period under investigation covers the first two decades of the Franco dictatorship, 1940 and 1950, although the first chapter incorporates a more far-reaching historical perspective. The first chapter analyses the economic development of Granada prior to the civil war and the development of the local labour movement until the end of the conflict. The second chapter deals with the study of the causes of migration in the post-war period. To this end, we reconstruct the various forms of repression linked to the establishment of the Franco dictatorship and the relationship between the repression and the emigration of Granada’s workers. The third chapter is intended to analyze the causes of the emigration of the rural population of Granada, in this case through an analysis of agricultural crises and its effect on the stratified society of rural Granada. The fourth chapter recounts the experiences of travel and integration of immigrants from Granada to Barcelona. This section points out the difficulties for relocation faced by immigrants from Granada and what they could expect in terms of finding a home. Finally, the fifth chapter explores the dynamics of labour market insertion for immigrants in Barcelona, analyzing the sector's opportunities and conditions as well as the pressures and motives underlying migrant labour insertion.
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Gondek, Abby S. "Jewish Women’s Transracial Epistemological Networks: Representations of Black Women in the African Diaspora, 1930-1980." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3575.
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This dissertation investigates how Jewish women social scientists relationally established their gendered-racialized subjectivities and theories about race-gender-sexuality-class through their portrayals of black women’s sexuality and family structures in the African Diaspora: the U.S., Brazil, South Africa, Swaziland, and the U.K. The central women in this study: Ellen Hellmann, Ruth Landes, Hilda Kuper, and Ruth Glass, were part of the same “political generation,” born in 1908-1912, coming of age when Jews of European descent experienced an ambivalent and conditional assimilation into whiteness, a form of internal colonization. I demonstrate how each woman’s familial origin point in Europe, parental class and political orientations, were important factors influencing her later personal/professional networks and social science theorizing about women of color. However, other important factors included the national racial context, the political affiliations of her partners, her marital status and her transracial fieldwork experiences. One of the main problems my work addresses is how the internal colonization process in differing nations within the Jewish diaspora differently affected and positioned Jewish social scientists from divergent class and political affiliations. Gendering Aamir Mufti’s primarily male-oriented argument, I demonstrate how Jewish internal divergences serve as an example that highlights the lack of uniformity within any “identity” group, and the ways that minority groups, like Jews, use measures of “abnormal” gender and sexuality, to create internal exiled minorities in order to try to assimilate into the majority colonizing culture. My dissertation addresses three problems within previous studies of Jewish social scientists by creating a gendered analysis of the history of Jews in social science, an analysis of Jewish subjectivity within histories of women (who were Jewish) in social science, and a critique of the either-or assumption that Jewishness necessarily equated with a “radical” anti-racist approach or a “colonizing” stance toward black communities. The data collection followed a mixed methods approach, incorporating archival research, ethnographic object analysis, site visits in Brazil and South Africa, consultations with library, archive and museum professionals, and interviews with scholars connected to the core women in the study.
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McBrayer, William Daniel. "Let There Be War: Competing Narratives and the Perpetuation of Violence in Georgia." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1230892552.
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BERGSTRÖM, Louise. "Borders and belonging : migration and the Swedish nation 1890-1914." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32111.
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Defence date: 13 January 2014Examining Board: Professor Sebastian Conrad, Freie Universität Berlin (Supervisor) Professor Lara Edgren, Lunds Universitet Professor Clare Midgley, Sheffield Hallam University Professor Dirk Moses, European University Institute.
This thesis studies the consequences of turn of the twentieth century migration on Swedish national developments. It pays particular attention to the introduction of a reform programme of internal colonisation and the consequences this had on different population groups. Arguing that the ideological origins of this internal colonisation can be found in Germany, the thesis explicitly links German colonisation attempts in the East with the corresponding Swedish colonisation in the North. By doing so it puts forward the argument that spaces in the Swedish North were cast in colonial terms and should be understood in relation to the colonial policies of the European Imperial states. Migration also led to a new understanding of Swedish identity which drew less on spatial contexts than on the idea of difference. By constructing a complex identification matrix which drew on categories of race, class and gender, Swedish observers could overcome geographical distance and create an imagined Swedish community that stretched around the globe. Dirt and domestic degeneracy were important tropes in this discourse, acting as connecting bridges between the categories. The timing of its introduction and the contents of this discourse of difference can be explained by a Swedish perception of being part of a white man's culture that was imagined on a global scale. European imperialisms and the resulting colonial trajectories were thus decisive also for Swedish developments. The focus of the thesis follows from the above as it explores the connections between migration, regimes of difference and nationalism in Sweden at the turn of the twentieth century.
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Hardy, Andrew. "A history of migration to upland areas in 20th century Vietnam." Phd thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144722.
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Kanne, Rande. "Phylogeographic patterns and migration history of Garry oak (Quercus garryana) in western North America." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11034.
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Garry oak (Quercus garryana Douglas ex. Hook) is a white oak (Quercus sect. Quercus) with a geographic range extending from southwestern BC to south-central California. It is the only native white oak in BC and Washington, and is the northernmost species of the California Floristic Province-Pacific Northwest white oak clade. I used molecular methods to address the following questions: 1) What are the patterns of genetic variation within Garry oak? 2) How do these patterns vary geographically, and how did the spatial distribution of the gene lineages come to occupy its current geographical range? 3) Does Garry oak show evidence of genetic interaction with other white oak species in western North America? 4) Is there morphological or genetic evidence to support the three described varieties of Garry oak?
I obtained samples of Garry oak from 117 localities over its geographic range, as well as samples of two other California white oaks (Q. lobata and Q. douglasii) and a Rocky Mountain species (Q. gambelii). Analyses of DNA sequence data from four plastid DNA regions revealed 24 distinct molecular variants (haplotypes) in Garry oak. These show a strong south-to-north decrease in genetic diversity, consistent with post-glacial northward expansion. Haplotypes present in the northern part of the range provide evidence of two separate northward migrations, only one of which reached the northern range limit of Garry oak in BC. I found that Garry oak shared plastid DNA haplotypes with two other white oak species, indicating that it hybridizes with other oaks in the southern part of its range. The nuclear ribosomal ITS phylogeny showed poor resolution, but both cpDNA and nrDNA may indicate that Q. garryana is more closely related to the white oaks of central North America than was previously thought. My findings also suggest that the three currently recognized varieties of Garry oak (var. garryana, breweri and semota) are not well differentiated genetically, but show morphological variation at the regional level. This study shows the phylogeographic patterns within Q. garryana. In addition, it contributes to conservation efforts in Garry oak ecosystems by indicating regions of high genetic diversity in Garry oak, including genetically unique populations that may be especially worthy of preservation.Graduate
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"後漢至唐代疾疫流行及其影響: 以人口移動為中心的考察." Thesis, 1997. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073761.
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范家偉.論文(博士)--香港中文大學歷史學部, 1997.
附參考文獻.
中英文摘要.
Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Fan Jiawei.
Lun wen (Bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue li shi xue bu, 1997.
Fu can kao wen xian.
Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.
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SCHOLZ, Luca. "The enclosure of movement : safe-conduct and the politics of mobility in the Holy Roman Empire." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/43279.
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Defence date: 13 September 2016Examining Board: Professor Jorge Flores, European University Institute; Professor Christophe Duhamelle, École des hautes études en sciences sociales; Professor Luca Molà, European University Institute; Professor Angelo Torre, Università del Piemonte Orientale.
"The Enclosure of Movement" explores the historical relationship between early modern state-building and the channelling of inter-polity mobility. Few historical settings offer a more illuminating prospect on this problem than the Holy Roman Empire, a variably integrated array of more than three-hundred quasi-sovereign polities between the Alps and the North Sea. The movements of goods and people through this fragmented political landscape engendered countless conflict-fraught encounters between travellers, local communities and the deputies of several hundred rulers. In the Old Reich, the politics of mobility were frequently framed in terms of 'safe-conduct', the quasi-sovereign right to escort travellers and to levy customs duties on passing goods and people. Based on manuscript, printed and visual sources from the late sixteenth to the early eighteenth centuries, collected in more than twenty archives, I survey interactions between state deputies, mobile populations and other stakeholders, reconstructing how passage and obstruction were negotiated at ground level. Detailed studies explore contentious processions, boundary disputes, techniques to channel mobility, self-serving orders of movement resting on ambiguous forms of protection, as well as seminal ideological debates around freedom of movement and its restriction. The study contributes to a better understanding of the politics of mobility in the Holy Roman Empire and broader accounts of state-building in at least three ways. First, I show that borders were not a privileged site for controlling inter-polity mobility, which challenges conventional conceptions and visualisation of pre-modern statehood. Second, I unearth debates around freedom of movement and its restriction that gave rise to concepts and arguments still in circulation today. Third, I propose a new way of historicizing the politics of mobility and offer a more complex, agency-oriented and open-ended account of how modern statehood gave rise to a contentious regime of movement.
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Ginsburg, Carren. "Residential mobility in greater Johannesburg: patterns, associations and educational outcomes amongst children in the birth to twenty cohort." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10842.
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The United Nations has projected that Africa’s urban population will expand from fourth
largest to becoming the second largest of the world’s regions by the year 2050. Patterns
of migration and urbanisation have therefore been highlighted as significant focus areas
for research and policy. Movement has the potential to result in improved living conditions
and well-being, but may also reinforce inequalities and conditions of vulnerability. These
consequences may pose particular risks in the case of children, and understanding the
patterns, drivers and outcomes associated with child mobility is therefore critical.
South Africa provides an important setting in which to explore child movements. The shift
within the country from politically controlled migration to movement based on choice has
resulted in high levels of mobility both to and within urban areas. Children have been
shown to participate in such movements either independently or in conjunction with
connected adults. However, there is currently little knowledge of the patterns and
consequences of child residential mobility in South Africa, particularly within the urban
environment. This PhD thesis attempts to address this research gap.
Data from Birth to Twenty, a cohort of South African urban children living in Greater
Johannesburg, was used to investigate three central research questions concerning
residential mobility of cohort children over a 14 year period. Specifically, the thesis aimed
to determine the frequencies and patterns of residential mobility observed over the first 14 years of the children’s lives, to examine the associations with mobility of children over a set of domains relating to the child, the child’s primary caregiver, and the child’s
household and to assess the relationships between residential and school mobility and a set of educational outcomes. Routine data collected over the course of the Birth to Twenty study was supplemented
with data from a Residential Move Questionnaire, administered to children’s primary
caregivers in order to validate and provide additional information concerning the children’s
residential movements over the time frame. The research objectives were achieved
through the use of cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis techniques applied to these
data. In particular, multilevel event-history analysis was used to model the children’s
residential movements over time.
Of the 3273 children enrolled into the cohort in 1990, two thirds of the children (64%) had
moved home at least once by the time they reached 15 years of age. Nonetheless, a third
of the children had never moved, indicating stability or a lack of opportunity for movement
amongst this urban child population. Mobility was found to be more likely amongst
children whose primary caregivers had no formal education and who lived in households
with fewer assets and less access to services, suggesting that residential movement
within this group of children was more common in the context of disadvantage. Extending
these findings to an exploration of children’s educational outcomes revealed some
unexpected results. The analyses provided evidence of a positive association between
changes in residence and numeracy and literacy scores, and school mobility was found to
be associated with grade repetition, however, a negligible relationship was found between
residential mobility and school progression.
In conclusion, mobility is associated with opportunities for some children in the cohort and
challenges or hardships for others. However, even in the instance of movement
connected to disadvantage, changes of residence did not prejudice children in terms of
the educational outcomes investigated. This is suggestive of children’s possible resilience
and adaptability in the face of change and highlights the potential for mobility to influence
children’s lives positively. The findings concerning the relationship between mobility and
child well-being run counter to trends observed in high-income countries and on that basis, the need for further research into dynamics associated with child mobility in other
low- and middle-income country settings is highlighted. There is justification for monitoring child mobility in South Africa; mobility trends provide a valuable indicator of children’s
living situations as well as the spatial and social changes occurring in the country more
broadly. Keywords: residential mobility; internal migration; urban children; South Africa; eventhistory
models; school progression; numeracy and literacy; school mobility
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Tyler, John. "A Pragmatic Standard of Legal Validity." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10885.
Full textAbstract:
American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law.
These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism.
In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method.
This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior.
The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent.
The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will.
Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil.