Journal articles on the topic 'Migration, Integration, Policy Evaluation, Labor Market'
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Denisova, Galina S. "Sociological Evaluation of the Influence of International Migration on the Socio-Economic Development of the Rostov Region." REGIONOLOGY 29, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 126–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.114.029.202101.126-150.
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Introduction. In Russia, migration is currently considered to be an important resource for replenishing the population, although the population growth resulting from migration is quite slow. Russia’s Concept of the State Migration Policy until 2025 has been revised in order to improve the situation and ensure the inflow of foreign labor migrants. The goal of this article, based on the results of the conducted study, is to reveal the attitude of the population of the host community (Rostov Region) towards an increase in the flow of foreign labor migrants in the current socio-economic circumstances, as well as the expert evaluation of the effectiveness of handling the migration situation at the regional level. Materials and Methods. The object of study conducted was the migration situation in the Rostov Region, which is one of the leaders in the socio-economic development of the macroregion and the border area of the South of Russia. A survey was conducted among the general public (n = 300) using the method of standardized interviews, among university students (n = 200), using the method of questionnaire, and among experts (n = 30) using the method of semi-structured interviews. The constructivist approach was adopted as the conceptual foundation of the analysis performed. This enabled the author to use various methods of surveying the population, including university students and the expert community. Results. The performed analysis of the collected empirical material has revealed that most people in the region use the results of migrant labour in various sectors of the economy without treating migrants as competitors in the regional labor market and do not feel any noticeable influence of migrants on their lives. Experts are more critical of the prospects of integrating migrants, perceiving the growth of their number as a threat to the cultural identity of the host community. Discussion and Conclusion. Dynamic development of a region requires proactive migration policies, largely based on the loyalty of the population, including young people, to foreign migrants and their positive attitude towards integration. The analysis of the collected material has been targeted at the regional authorities implementing migration policies. The research results may prove useful to civil society institutions promoting interaction between migrants and the host community.
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Mahdich, Alisa S. "GEOGRAPHY OF THE MIGRATION OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE TO THE COUNTRIES OF EUROPE: ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY OF INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS IN THE COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION." Academic Review 1, no. 56 (June 2022): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2022-1-56-10.
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This study is devoted to the analysis of the geography of migration of the population of Ukraine over the last decade on the basis of the Global Index of Migrant Integration Policy (MIPEX) and the identification of factors that attract the population of Ukraine to migrate to other countries. According to European Commission statistics since 2014, the number of Ukrainian labor migrants moving to the European Union (EU) has increased significantly. In 2019, Ukrainian citizens received 660,000 residence permits for paid activities in member states – the largest external labor force in the EU. Thus, the dependence of Member States’ economies on Ukrainian workers has reached significant levels, as evidenced by the labor shortages observed during the COVID-19 crisis, which forced the EU to close its borders. Emigration reduces the supply of labor and accelerates the growth of wages of workers who remain in the country; one of the problems of concern is the loss of skills – most of Ukrainians work abroad without qualifications or do very simple work. The main benefit for the Ukrainian economy is related to the remittances, equivalent to 8% of GDP. Remittances significantly improve the well-being of migrant families and stimulate domestic demand, increasing the country’s GDP. Stable and significant inflow of remittances contributes to a more stable balance of payments, compensation for the constant deficit of trade and investment income. At the same time, there is a risk that migrants will remain permanently resident abroad, which will mean a decrease in the working population in Ukraine. In addition, the impact of emigration and remittances on Ukraine’s public finances is ambiguous: remittances increase VAT, excise and customs revenues, while reducing labor supply reduces revenues from labor taxes and social security contributions in Ukraine. Therefore, it is important to understand what factors currently attract the population of Ukraine to other countries. The Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) is an index that measures the quality of migrant integration policy in 52 countries. The index indicators were developed for a multidimensional view of migrants’ opportunities to participate in public life. The index is a tool for evaluating and comparing the actions of governments to promote the integration of migrants in all analyzed countries. The index helps to understand and analyze the factors that contribute to the integration of migrants. The index covers the following areas of integration: labor market mobility; family reunification; access to services in the field of education; participation in political life; obtaining permanent residence; obtaining citizenship; antidiscrimination; access to health services.
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Carmel, Emma. "With what implications? An assessment of EU migration governance between Union regulation and national diversity." Migration Letters 11, no. 2 (May 4, 2014): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v11i2.236.
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The analysis of EU migration policy has been focused primarily on evaluating its relationship to EU law, or its application to individual member states. This article argues that neither focus can address the full implications and effects of EU migration governance. The Union’s migration and free movement policies set out to organise populations both within and beyond its formal borders. They are part of the broader governance of the European Union as an integrated market, and as an international policymaker. As such, the characteristics and effects of migration governance across the EU as a whole need to be assessed. At the EU level, EU policy and law on migration creates the illusion of policy coherence, applied to all member states, incomers and residents. Yet these apparently coherent EU policies always co-exist with three confounding factors: 1) national and local variation in migration, integration and social policies; 2) national and local labour market variation, particularly in the role of informal economy, and 3) profound member state hierarchies in the EU’s political economy, reinforced by the ongoing crisis. However, this does not mean that the EU’s migration policymaking is irrelevant to member states. Rather, migration governance in the EU is co-produced by the cross-cutting and sometimes contradictory policies of other actors. With its illusion of policy coherence, this co-produced governance both disguises and entrenches significant hierarchy among member states. It contributes to an EU polity which manages diversity through inequalities.
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Susilo, Ignatia Bintang Filia Dei, and Dian Pujiatma Vera Subchanifa. "ASEAN LABOR MARKET INTEGRATION AND ITS SOCIAL EFFECTS FOR UNSKILLED LABOR MIGRATION." Jurnal Economia 12, no. 1 (September 12, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/economia.v12i1.8227.
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Abstrak: Integrasi Pasar Tenaga Kerja ASEAN dan Dampak Sosial Terhadap Migrasi Tenaga Kerja Tidak Terampil. Sebagian besar negara–negara anggota ASEAN membutuhkan tenaga kerja profesional dan tenaga kerja yang tidak terampil. Tenaga kerja profesional memiliki hak–hak khusus, fasilitas, dan berbagai keuntungan, sedangkan tenaga kerja tidak terampil hanya memiliki sedikit hak dan lebih jarang menjadi topik utama kerjasama integrasi antar negara. Artikel ini akan membahas dampak sosial integrasi, terutama bagi tenaga kerja tidak terampil, dengan mengaitkan hubungan antara migrasi dan remittance di ASEAN, sektor tenaga kerja, dan pengelolaan imigrasi yang dilakukan pemerintah. Sebagian besar negara anggota ASEAN harus meningkatkan standar kinerja dan gaji, menyediakan pelatihan, dan meningkatkan tingkat pendidikan. Terdapat beberapa dampak sosial yang muncul. Namun, beberapa dampak tersebut akan dapat ditangani apabila pemerintah memiliki komitmen dalam menerapkan kebijakannya. Kata kunci: integrasi ekonomi, remittance, pekerja migran, tenaga kerja tidak terampil Abstract: ASEAN Labor Market Integration and Its Social Effects for Unskilled Labor Migration. Member states of ASEAN mainly needed two criteria of foreign labor: highly skilled professionals or its counterpart, unskilled workers. High-skilled professionals are provided with some rights and benefits. Unskilled migrants are equipped with very limited rights and hardly subject to integration approaches. This paper will discuss the social effect of integration, notably the unskilled labor, by linking migration and remittance in ASEAN, labor based on sectored pattern, and immigration governance. Countries need to improve working conditions and wages, provide professional training and improve education for every level of workers. There are some social effects but can be managed if the governments committed to their policy. Keywords: economic integration, remittance, migrant worker, unskilled labor
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Dudauri, Tamar. "REGULATION OF LEGAL MIGRATION FROM GEORGIA TO EU COUNTRIES AND INTEGRATION INTO THE LABOR MARKET." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 07, no. 12 (2022): 4017–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2022.v07i12.018.
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Migration processes have become not only an important factor in modern international relations, but also have a serious impact on the state's domestic policy. In addition to combating illegal migration, protecting borders and providing asylum, an integral part of migration policy is also regulation of legal migration channels, including labor migration. Effective management of legal migration is in the common interest of EU member states and the EU as a Union. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the stages and principles of the formation of the supranational component of the regulation of legal migration in the European Union. The author pays special attention to the political and legal component, methods and tools of migration regulation in the European Union. The assessment of the current situation of the common migration policy of the European Union is of interest for the integration processes and the future development of the European Union.
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Moulettes, Agneta. "Performing to secure cultural hegemony: mediators' impact on the integration process." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 40, no. 5 (February 10, 2021): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-07-2019-0212.
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PurposeThe article takes its point of departure in the current labor market debate on immigration policy and attempts to explore the way private labor market mediators involved in the integration of immigrants contribute to reproducing cultural stereotypes reminiscent of colonial ideas.Design/methodology/approachFindings are based on respondent-driven interviews with nine labor market mediators (seven women and three men) from eight private labor market agencies in Sweden.FindingsThe findings showed that the private labor market mediators put their trust in the neoliberal system and rely on the colonial discourses when convincing immigrants to assimilate into the dominant culture. At the same time, the findings also show that there is no evidence that the assimilating activities they offer will lead to long-term employment.Research limitations/implicationsGiven that migration across national borders has become a common phenomenon, the author suggests a call for critical reflections on the taken-for-granted notions of both self and others and the influences colonial discourses have on integration.Practical implicationsThe author would suggest a shift of focus from immigrants' cultural adjustment to society's and employers' responsibilities and readiness to adjust to prevailing conditions.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the labor market literature and the diversity management literature by adding insights from public labor market mediators' experiences of the help they offer immigrants to enter the labor market. It shows how mediators make use of dominating discourses to secure cultural hegemony.
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Kamilov, Oybek. "GLOBAL AND REGIONAL TRENDS IN MIGRATION, REMITTANCES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN THE NATIONAL SEGMENT." JOURNAL OF LAW RESEARCH 6, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9130-2021-9-10.
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This article discusses aspectsand integration characteristics of international migration in the world and regions. Based on statistical information, the main trends of the migration movement and prospects for the development of the labor market are determined. The author analyzed the data on priority country directions of labor migration from Uzbekistan and the state of money transfers on aglobal, regional and national scale. Information on domestic legal policy and ratified internationalagreements is summarized. He proposed possible solutions to improve research tools in the study of migration processes.Keywords:labor migrants, international migration, migration corridors, sub-regions, positive effects, World Bank, remittances, pandemic, system of safe, orderly and legal labor migration, reintegration, International Labour Organization, сonvention, treaty, agreement
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Бурда and M. Burda. "Russia's Policy in the Sphere of External Labor Migration: Management Problems." Administration 5, no. 2 (July 5, 2017): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59537e447b96c2.84477889.
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The author analyzes the policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of external labour migration, reveals the peculiarity of formation of the Russian labor market for foreign workforce, focusing on its basic focus on the integration model of the Eurasian economic Union and the Commonwealth of independent States. The article discusses the scheme of formation of migration policy and identifies a number of problematic issues of management of external labour migration, which the author attributed the imperfection of the migration system and peculiarities of political processes in the post-Soviet space. According to the author, this approach is not conducive to quality development of external labour migration, however, is one way of lobbying foreign policy interests in the post-Soviet space. In turn, Central Asian autocrats are interested in the maximum outflow of the economically dissatisfied citizens to prevent anti-state speeches. The quality of the existing risks management of external labor migration indicates the potential of growth of popularity of right-wing political forces and destabilization of the Russian political system. Taking into account the need to balance national security interests and supported by loyal Russian foreign political elites, the author proposes to separate the management of migration on the field of law enforcement and socio-economic part, which requires a political decision of government institutions. Proposed dualism in the author’s opinion, will promote increase of efficiency of counteraction of illegal migration and activation mechanisms, presence on the labour market demand for migrants. As a tool of migration management, the author highlights the Institute of international agreements, the potential of which is currently used does not fully.
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Blouchoutzi, Anastasia, Panagiota Digkolou, Jason Papathanasiou, and Christos Nikas. "An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Labor Market Integration Policies in EU Member States Using PROMETHEE." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.2021010106.
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From an economic point of view, the rational response towards migration is the labor market integration of immigrants. Within the above framework, several actions have been developed by the European Union member states over the last few years, in an effort to integrate migrants to local communities. This paper evaluates the performance of the European Member States as regards to their labor market integration policies using the Zaragoza indicators for employment. Combining those indicators, the data will be processed with the well-known multi-criteria analysis method PROMETHEE. The model will be constituted by the selected years from 2008 to 2017 as 10 successive scenarios, the 28 EU countries as alternatives, and eight criteria. The paper will end up with ten final rankings of the countries, which will be analyzed in detail.
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Ryndzak, Olha. "Evaluation of a Population’s Migration Potential as an Important Component of Migration Policy." Economies 7, no. 3 (July 12, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7030072.
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Development of preventive migration state policy requires investigation of not only real but also prospective migration. This article provides the author’s methodological approach to the study of a population’s migration potential. The migration desires index (MDI), as one of the most important indicators of migration potential, was calculated for the unemployed urban population in Lviv, Ukraine, on the basis of the results of a monitoring sample survey (2013–2016, 2018). The MDI shows wave-like development dynamics. Generally, the share of “solid” migrants (persons who have firm plans to work abroad in the years ahead) grew from 14% in 2014 to 25% of the unemployed population in Lviv in 2018. Despite such a high level of migration desires, the respondents also showed a clear urge to be employed in Ukraine. Overall, the study results show that the improvement of employment opportunities in the national labor market and improvement of the wage system will contribute to a reduction of the level of migration potential and will thus slow the pace at which the working-age population is leaving. For those who still have a firm intention to go abroad, the state should provide an appropriate level of social and economic protection, primarily by establishing effective cooperation with countries that are most attractive for potential labor migrants. The author’s surveillance study shows that such countries are Germany, the USA, Canada, and Poland.
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Xhaho, Armela, and Erka Çaro. "Returning and Re-Emigrating Gendered Trajectories of (Re)Integration from Greece." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v3i1.p171-180.
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The aim of this research paper is three fold: (1) to shed some light on the struggles Albanian return migrants are facing in their psycho-social, cultural and labor market reintegration in the origin country, looking as well to the gendered trajectories of return and re-emigration(2) to highlight their gendered strategies in transferring back in their home country their financial, social and human capital;(3) to better understand the dynamic paths of their migration trajectories and finally (4) to push policy makers to put with high priority the returnees reintegration plan into the policy agenda. We base our analyze on 42 life stories of Albanian migrants, from which, 12 interviews with return migrants from Greece, 30 migrants that are actually in Greece (from which 50% have at least made an 1 attempt to return in Albania and 5 are circular migrants).The study found that: many Albanian migrants return to Albania to stay either temporary or permanently with the idea of investing in home country, though not all of them who return stay in Albania. Returnees and at a greater degree women, face lot struggles and difficulties in their psycho-social, cultural and economic reintegration upon their return, which make them mentally and psychologically vulnerable. Women experienced a sense of disempowerment, reconfiguration and re-traditionalisation of gender relationships upon their return. Labor market integration seem more problematic especially for returned women who faced a gendered gap in labor force participation . Moreover, despite migrant willingness to invest their financial and social remittances in Albania by bringing new ideas in the labor market trend, they experience a sense of disillusion. Therefore, having no support system back home, remaining jobless and in many cases failing in their investment endeavors, make returnees consider further re-emigration as a surviving strategy. This study suggest that it is time for policy makers to compile with high priority and with a gender lens analysis a new National Migration Strategy and Return Reintegration strategy, while developing concrete and coherent measures upon returnees successful reintegration in the home country. This policy research brings at the policy agenda an holistic and multidisciplinary approach to returnee reintegration through better multi- level/stakeholder collaboration and dialogue.
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Dolzhikova, Angela V., and Marina N. Moseykina. "Institutions and Educational and Cultural Tools of Migration Policy in Modern Russia." RUDN Journal of Political Science 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-3-387-400.
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Problem of migration and mechanisms of foreign citizens adaptation and integration associated with it, are in focus of public and scientific thought. Need for further institutionalization and innovative modernization of Russian migration policy is widely discussed in the framework of modern debates. Over the past few years, adaptation and integration of foreign citizens in Russian Federation has drawn public attention, as a result of rapid increase in number of foreign citizens and stateless persons permanently or temporarily residing in Russian Federation. The Concept of State Migration Policy of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2025, focuses on national security and reduction of the sociocultural, economic and political risks associated with influx of migrants. To this end, there is a quest for migration policy instruments adequate to the situation in labor market. Article analyzes already tested educational and cultural tools, defines role of resource support for participation of ethnic communities, national and cultural autonomy, educational and religious organizations, cultural and sports institutions, working on social and cultural adaptation and integration of foreign citizens.
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Privara, Andrej. "Determinants of Migration Decisions of Asylum Seekers in Vienna." Migration Letters 19, no. 2 (March 7, 2022): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i2.1640.
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This study analyses the issues that refugees and asylum seekers face in Austria and the effects of their concentration in Vienna. We present an assessment of main difficulties and root causes for asylum seekers in Vienna. Data was collected via personal interviews and also supported by regional and European statistics. In total, 12 interviews with municipality representatives, NGOs, and migrants were conducted. Firstly, our study showed, that the asylum seekers face difficulties integrating into the Austrian labor market. Most refugee children do not have access to the compulsory education. It is argued that a more inclusive policy would improve the labor market efficiency in Austria. The anti-immigrant sentiment in Vienna played a crucial role in creating difficulties faced by migrants in the process of integration. Those who have been granted asylum in Vienna are not interested in moving to another country. This tendency is driven by the following factors: They consider Austria a safe country; they have already learned the language; they are overall satisfied.
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Tran, Van C., Fei Guo, and Tiffany J. Huang. "The Integration Paradox: Asian Immigrants in Australia and the United States." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 690, no. 1 (July 2020): 36–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716220926974.
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Whereas Australia has pursued a skills-based migration policy, the United States has privileged family-based migration. The key contrast between these migration regimes provides a rare test of how national immigration policy shapes immigrant selection and integration. Does a skills-based immigration regime result in a more select group of Asian immigrants in Australia compared to their counterparts in the United States? Are Asian immigrants more integrated into their host society in Australia compared to the United States? Focusing on four groups of Asian immigrants in both countries (Chinese, Indians, Filipinos, and Vietnamese), this article addresses these questions using a transpacific comparison. Despite Australia’s skills-based immigration policy, we find that Asian immigrants in Australia are less hyper-selected than their counterparts in the United States. Asian immigrants in Australia also report worse labor market outcomes than those in the United States, with the exception of Vietnamese—a refugee group. Altogether, these findings challenge the conventional wisdom that skills-based immigration policy not only results in more selected immigrants, but also positively influences their integration into the host society.
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Tatarko, Alexander, Tomas Jurcik, and Andreas Hadjar. "How Migration Policy Shapes the Subjective Well-Being of the Non-immigrant Population in European Countries." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 52, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 316–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220221211001531.
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Existing studies show that there is a positive association between pro-migrant integration policies and the subjective well-being of immigrants. However, there is a lack of research elucidating the relations between migrant integration policies and the subjective well-being of the host (i.e., non-migrant) population. This study is based on European data and uses multilevel analysis to clarify the relations between migrant integration policy (both as a whole and its eight separate components such as: Labor market mobility and Family reunion) and the subjective well-being of the non-immigrant population in European countries. We examined relations between the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) for 22 countries in Europe and subjective well-being, as assessed by the European Social Survey (ESS) data. The results demonstrated that there is a positive relation between the MIPEX and subjective well-being for non-immigrants. Considering different components of the MIPEX separately, we found most of them being positively related to the subjective well-being of non-immigrants. As no negative relationship was identified between any of the eight MIPEX components and subjective well-being, policies in favor of immigrant integration also seem to benefit the non-immigrant population.
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Motruk, Svitlana. "Migration of Ukrainians to the Czech Republic in the Context of European Integration processes of the 21st Century." European Historical Studies, no. 15 (2020): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.15.5.
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On the basis of a large variety of documents and materials the article analyses the preconditions, main stage and consequences of the Ukrainian migration to the Czech Republic during the period of European integration. The article defines the problems of the migration and the prospects for its development in the 21st century. The author emphasises globalization, world conditions, scientific and technological progress, specialization of markets at regional level, social and public labor potential as the key factors of labor mobility, as well as geopolitical and geocultural factors, that changes people’s world outlook in the context of information society. The study focuses on the main reasons for migration from Ukraine to Czech Republic (relatively stable and positive situation in the Czech economy in comparison to the Ukrainian, position in the labor market, the cultural and linguistic similarities, the long history of mutual migration processes). In addition, the author points out at a number of the modern trends of the migration (the quantitative growth of migrant workers and students in absolute numbers as well as in percentage, the growing number of Ukrainians with the Czech residence permit, the transformation of the social structure of migrants, permanent illegal employment). The changes in the migration policy of the Czech Republic after accession to the EU, its political and social context, positive and negative effects, the contents of the so-called «Ukraine Project» and «Ukraine Mode» are examined. The growing impact of the Ukrainian migrants on the development of the Czech economy and society is underlined. The article identifies of the modern migration as a phenomenon, which is being institutionalized and which transforms from a traditional social movement into a structured social organism (diaspora, network of national public associations, infrastructure of the migration services market, etc.), and thus into the subject and instrument of regulation of the people’s economic activity. Some aspects of the Ukrainian diaspora life in Czech Republic are considered.
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Novosad, Kristina. "Modern models of internation migration research." Grani 23, no. 5 (August 10, 2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172049.
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Current global trends (collapse of bipolar and the formation of a new world system of interstate relations; intensification of international economic, social, cultural interactions; formation of the global labor market; mitigation of migration regimes in most countries; search for optimal models of migration and ethnonational policy in donor and recipient societies migration flows, etc.) create the preconditions for in-depth scientific understanding of international migration.Theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of migration are successfully developing within the interdisciplinary approach, which, however, today is still less common than economic, demographic and sociological approaches. The subject fields of these disciplines are correlated through the clarification of what "exactly" are migration processes and what are their consequences. The main "bridges between disciplines" are common ideas about a set of dependent and independent variables. At the same time, different disciplines prioritize the influence of certain variables, and interdisciplinary integration, obviously, should be based on the rejection of such prioritization.It was found that the basis for interdisciplinary integration can be the construction of a systematic view of the factors of migratory behavior. Ensuring interdisciplinary integration is facilitated by the development of cross-cutting concepts and categories of migration theory. An analysis of the discourse formed in the discussion between proponents of different disciplinary approaches shows that concepts such as "repulsion and attraction factors", "migratory attitudes", "choice", "risk", "losses and benefits" are pervasive for integrative migration theory. migration "," intercultural interaction "," adaptation ", etc. Migration decisions are a crucial stage in the structure of the migration process.It is established that sociological approaches to the study of international labor migration have come a long way from understanding the labor migrant as a foreigner and a victim of social exclusion to his vision as a "source of capitalist spirit." Negative attitudes towards migrants and migration were gradually replaced by the introduction into scientific circulation of the assumption of a significant impact of migrants on the course of economic life in the recipient countries. This allowed to solve another important methodological problem of individual and social in mass migration from one country to another, and the study of labor migration has reached a new scientific level.
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Sakharuk, I., S. Batychenko, O. Derii, A. Kryzhevskyi, A. Magomedova, and O. Pohorielova. "BASIC DIRECTIONS OF REALIZATION THE STATE POLICY OF UKRAINE FOR LABOR MIGRATION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 109 (2019): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2019/1.109-6.
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This article is devoted to the interdisciplinary research of Migration Policy and determination of Main Trends of its realization in Ukraine at the current stage. The authors aim to analyse and characterize migration as the subject of interdisciplinary research, because the Governmental Migration Policy should be formed on the basis of international legal standards, taking into account the demographic and economic indicators, conditions of labor market, etc. The Basic Steps of Migration Policy-making have been defined. The study finds that during the era of strengthening of integration relations between the countries and dynamic globalization processes, the external migration becomes an inevitable phenomenon to provide the exchange of experience, increasing level of professional qualifications, as well as strengthening of business relations between the countries through transfer of labor resources. At the same time, in Ukraine the phenomenon of the international labor migration has become so widespread that the status of this issue determined it as a priority problem to be solved in the near future; first of all this situation has been caused by the refusal of people traveling abroad to come back to their native country, being the “catalyst" for a number of another problems, which are related, in particular, to the social and economic and innovative development of the country. Migration is one of the factors of demographic development in Ukraine, it involves the redistribution of the population among the regions, while, on the other hand, this re-distribution influences the demographic disbalance within the regions of the country. The authors have also identified that the efficiency of migration policy is determined by degree of consideration of the factors of political, economic, social and demographic origin, as well as by the trends of international labor migration. Under the circumstance of the demographic crisis, many countries have been interested in Ukrainian labor migrants, thus, in the article have been find, that only the effective governmental policy will allow to suspend the process of the outflow of domestic labor force, along with the simultaneous provision of adequate protection for those citizens who would like to get employed abroad and conditions for their coming back to Ukraine. On the basis of the study results, the main trends of implementation of Migration Policy in Ukraine have been identified: lack of system of collecting and analyzing the statistical information; low level of protection of rights and economic well-being of the employees; absence of any bilateral agreements with those countries where a large number of Ukrainian migrants have been located; significant volume of educational migration; impact of the military and political situation upon the situation with migration. The authors draw attention to the fact that the mentioned trends into consideration, the governmental policy in the field of migration should become comprehensive and devoted to determine the methods of reducing the level of labor migration of the employees, outflow of the trained personnel, as well as promotion of coming back of the migrant workers back to Ukraine.
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Dzhumagulov, Aidar M. "DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF KYRGYZ-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian studies. History. Political science. International relations, no. 1 (2022): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2022-1-174-183.
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The article considers the political, legal and organizational aspects of bilateral cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and Russia in the migration sphere, as well as analyzes the relevant contractual and legal framework, and concludes on the strategic importance of international legal migration policy in the economic and social spheres of international cooperation between Russia and Kyrgyzstan. The author notes that labor migration is one of the main ways to reduce pressure on the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic as well as to reduce the poverty and social tension level. Moreover, the Russian Federation remains to be the recipient state of labor from Kyrgyzstan throughout the postSoviet period resulting in positive interaction which is one of the strategically significant tasks of the Kyrgyz Republic in the migration field. Moreover, the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union, including Kyrgyzstan, implies the development of a single Eurasian labor market, which means that it transfers the labor migration challenge from the level of bilateral RussianKyrgyz relations to the level of integration association and makes it the subject of joint attention of the member countries of the Eurasian Project. The author highlights that, despite the establishment of a rather impressive regulatory framework for the migration regulation within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, the issue of creating effective multilateral mechanisms and regimes for regulating the labor migration has not yet been resolved. Thus, the common efforts of Russia and Kyrgyzstan aimed at regulating the migration flows and ensuring the rights of migrant workers should be intensified both at the bilateral level and on the Eurasian Economic Union scale.
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STAKANOV, Roman. "SYNTHETIC SYSTEM OF REGIONAL MIGRATION POLICY: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FORMATION." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 6 (June 15, 2018): 44–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.06.044.
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The task of the research was to structure the existing migration systems, to define the role of regional level in the current migration policy and to determine how formation of a synthetic system of regional migration policy is taking place. The author proposes to divide the immigration policy into three types: the demand-driven migration system, the supply-driven migration system and the synthetic migration system. Demand-oriented systems can manifest themselves through the testing of the labor market, preliminary certification of employers, as well as attestation. The key priority of the supply-driven migration systems is to focus on the national interests of the destination country and maximize the positive effect of large-scale involvement of migrants with high human capital. The main form of manifestation of this system is the use of the points-based migration system, according to which individual characteristics of a potential migrant are assessed. To overcome the limitations of both approaches, a number of countries are switching to use of the synthetic migration policy, which includes the elements of both aforementioned systems. Combination of tools of demand- and supply-driven migration systems allows both to take into account the migration interests of the state (mainly due to preservation or introduction of the points-based migration system) and to account for interests of employers (for example, providing for a large number of points for employees with job offers). The synthetic migration system is mostly used by countries that have a long history of immigration and have previously used the supply-driven migration system (e.g., Canada, Australia). However, countries with the demand-driven migration system (in particular, the USA through the mechanism of the RAISE Act) are approaching it as well. There is no single migration policy regarding labor migration in framework of the regional integration associations; however, in some regions, the regional migration policy is manifested in coordination of the national migration policy at the regional level. The synthetic migration policy serves as the basis for regional regulation in Oceania, and also has significant chances for implementation in the North America region.
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Shchedrin, A., and O. Trofimova. "Modern Migration Processes in Ireland." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 2 (2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-2-71-79.
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The article is devoted to modern migration processes in Ireland. The growing Irish economy and its positive international reputation have maintained the attractiveness of the country to migrants seeking to work, study and settle here. In recent years, there has been a large increase in people choosing to become Irish citizens and, in addition, the numbers of second generation migrants continue to grow. The authors explain why Ireland does not suffer from the migration crisis in the European Union, and analyze peculiarities of migration processes in this country. The main attention is paid to immigration, but the authors also consider the dynamics of migration and underline that for many years, Ireland has been a country of emigrants. Both migration inflows and outflows are sensitive to the Irish economy and contribute to its downturn, but at the same time, such migratory flows change rapidly, sometimes in an independent way in relation to the economic recovery. Evidences are presented that labor migration is predominant in Ireland, and correlation is established between migration flows and the state of economy. The authors analyze the national composition of migration inflows, the role and place of migrants of different national and ethnical origins at the labor market and in the economy in general, underline a special position of immigrants of the Irish origin. The return flows of Irish migrants are viewed in the historical context. Ireland’s policy on refugees, participation in international and EU programs of relocation and resettlement of refugees are considered as well. Some aspects of the economic migration policy conducted by the Irish government are examined. In conclusion, the authors consider in brief the Ireland’s state policy for integration of immigrants into the economic, social and political life of the country.
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Adamyk, Viktoriia, and Nataliia Stakhova. "Transformation of the European migration policy in terms of global and regional challenges." Herald of Economics, no. 3 (October 21, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2022.03.137.
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Introduction. The migration crisis in Europe, which began a few years ago as a result of a massive influx of refugees from Syria and other countries of the Middle East and Africa, showed an escalation in 2022 in connection with the unprovoked Russian-Ukrainian war. Migration policy, which has evolved over decades under the influence of internal and global challenges, needs to be reformed in order to adapt to new realities.The purpose of the article is to study the evolution of European migration policy and the prospects for its reform in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war.Research methods. To achieve the goal set in the article, general scientific and special methods were used, namely: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, systematization, as well as elements of comparative analysis. The methodological basis for the research is the national legal acts of the EU countries and joint documents regulating the processes of migration and integration of immigrants into European society, scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers, statistical reports, etc.Results. The trends of international migration considered in the article are characterized by a rapid increase in its volume and a change in form from mainly labor migration to an influx of refugees and people seeking refuge due to political, mostly military conflicts in the regions of origin. Not only the working-age population is displaced, but also children and elderly people who need social support but do not apply for places on the labor market. Cities, mainly large agglomerations, remain the main destinations. The burden on the state and local budgets of the recipient countries, social, transport and household infrastructure increases every year, and the levers of the European migration policy show insufficient effectiveness. The transformation of the migration policy in the EU is taking place in the direction of partial harmonization and consolidation of efforts to prevent the negative consequences of the mass influx of refugees, as well as their gradual integration into European society. The article examines the peculiarities of the national immigration policy in individual EU countries and the difficulties of its implementation in modern conditions; the need to use an inclusive approach to migrants from Ukraine is indicated.Discussion. It is important to focus future research on studying the experience of countries that are the main destinations for migrants from Ukraine, in order to level the negative consequences of their influx and improve the system of levers for the integration of refugees into the national and common European economic systems.
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Martirosyan, Diana G. "LEGAL LABOR MIGRATION REGULATION FROM THIRD COUNTRIES UNDER EUROPEAN UNION LAW." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 1 (2022): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2022-1-09.
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The article deals with the EU legal framework in the sphere of regulation of legal labor migration of citizens from third countries. In recent years this issue has become one of the most discussed in the European Union due to the migration crisis and the development of geopolitical transformations. By examining the relevant provisions of primary and secondary EU law, especially certain provisions of EU secondary legislation, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (hereinafter — CJEU), the author concludes that the European Union institutions and competent authorities need to change their approach when it comes to labor market needs. The migration crisis of 2015-2019 has shown the need to develop and further adopt a common migration policy at the supranational level, with particular attention to the regulation of labor migration. Details on improving and developing a program for the integration and assimilation of migrants in host countries are extremely important. There is also a need to develop online platforms and tools to help potential migrants better integrate, which could be similar to the European Job Mobility Portal (EURES). Particular attention needs to be paid to the implementation of European law at the supranational level, as individual countries complicate administrative and bureaucratic regulation in order to reduce the flow of migration into their countries. In general, despite some progress in the development of EU migration law, there is a need to improve it in order to bring it into line with the reality of migration regulation.
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Papp, Imola Cseh, Norbert Bozsik, and Erika Varga. "Central-East European employees on the labour market of London." Contemporary Research on Organization Management and Administration 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33605/croma-012018-004.
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Purpose – The purpose of our exploratory research was to get acquainted with the socio-demographic characteristics, motivations, workplace conditions and social participation of foreign workers from different Central and Eastern European countries to London. Design/methodology/approach – The survey was conducted as a questionnaire in London, in English and Hungarian. The sample (n = 307) is based on individuals coming from different countries to London who are legally working. The pattern came through personal relationships. Examining the characteristics of the examined sample with descriptive statistics and the relationship between the examined quality variables were analysed by a Chi-square test. The investigation is primarily exploratory, but it also reveals some cause and effect relationships. Findings – Our study gives an overview of the motivation, characteristics and integration of the Central-East European employees in England in a theoretical and empirical context and publishes the main findings of the examinations on integration. In general, it can be stated that social integration was achieved to a certain extent in the case of the examined sample. The research and analysis are justified by the globalisation of the labour market and the increasing transnational migration. Research limitations/implications – The review aims at detail and thoroughness, but it is not complete. The findings at the end of the analysis are rather thought provoking, but we hope that we can also contribute to scientific and everyday discourse on migration. Practical implications – The conclusions of the study provide an adequate framework for the development of a rational economic policy program, which is the basis for future development, for the conscious development of the future of our region. Originality/Value – The novelty of the study lies in the composition of the sample on the one hand, and on the other hand, the study mainly focuses on the labour market. Keywords: Central and Eastern European employees, integration, labour migration, geographic mobility. Research type: research paper. JEL classification: J15 – Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labour Discrimination J61 – Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
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Wojnicz, Piotr. "WYZWANIA POLITYKI MIGRACYJNEJ FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ – STUDIUM PRAWNE, SOCJOLOGICZNE I GEOPOLITYCZNE (wersja poprawiona)." Civitas et Lex 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/cetl.2036.
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Migration is a mass phenomenon of our time, a permanent phenomenon which takes manyforms, affects all continents and all countries. This phenomenon is one of the most important socialand international issues of the modern world. In this context, the Russian Federation is not freefrom problems arising from migration processes. Migration policy of the Russian Federation isa very important part of that country’s geopolitical game. Location Russia between the EuropeanUnion and China creates considerable scope to influence the shape of migration processes notonly regional but also global. Russia has become a country of immigration. There are two veryimportant aspects in the migration policy of Russia: the internal and external aspects. The internalaspect relates to such phenomena as the fight against the demographic crisis and related deficitsin the labor market, national and religious revival of ethnic groups living in Russia, the low levelof social integration of immigrants. In terms of external migration policy is treated as an instrumentof pressure on the countries of the former Soviet Union, a way of shaping relations with Chinaand the element of national security. Russian migration policy is an active instrument for solvingproblems within the country, as well as a very important foreign policy wizard. Pejorative sideof this policy is that it is planned from above, without taking into account the needs and natureof various Russian regions.
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Cook, Maria Lorena, Shannon Gleeson, Kati L. Griffith, and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Introduction to a Special Issue on the Impact of Immigrant Legalization Initiatives: International Perspectives on Immigration and the World of Work." ILR Review 71, no. 4 (July 17, 2018): 807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793918775362.
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This article is the third in a series to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the ILR Review. The series features articles that analyze the state of research and future directions for important themes the journal has featured over its many years of publication. In this issue, we also feature a special cluster of articles and book reviews on one of the most critical labor market issues across the globe—the legalization and integration of immigrants into national labor markets. Despite the urgent need for immigration reform in the United States, there is a paucity of US research that looks at the impact of a shift from unauthorized to legal immigrant status in the workplace. The US immigration literature has also paid little attention to immigrant legalization policies outside of the United States, despite the fact that other countries have implemented such policies with far more regularity. The articles in this special issue draw on studies of legalization initiatives in major immigrant destinations: Canada, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Together they underscore the importance of cross-national perspectives for understanding the range of legalization programs and their impact on immigrant workers, the workplace, and the labor market. These findings contribute to key questions in migration scholarship and inform the global policy debate surrounding the integration and well-being of immigrants.
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Szabaciuk, Andrzej. "30 lat rosyjskiej polityki imigracyjnej i jej znaczenie z perspektywy Federacji Rosyjskiej i obszaru poradzieckiego." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 19, no. 2 (December 2021): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874//riesw.2021.2.18.
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The article aims to analyze the immigration politics of the Russian Federation from the perspective of the last three decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union. We have considered its importance from the point of view of the domestic and foreign policy of the state. Since 2000, with the beginning of Vladimir Putin’s first presidency, we have been observing a significant increase in the importance of the immigration policy of the Russian Federation, which was an important component of the Russian population policy and one of the key instruments to counteract the deepening depopulation of the state. However, the growing popularity of labor migration to the Russian Federation and the low effectiveness of managing migration flows resulted in a massive influx of irregular migrants, which have used some of the Russian political circles to fuel anti-immigration sentiments. Because of this politics, since 2007, we have been observing a gradual departure from the earlier model of immigration policy, open to labor migration from the Commonwealth of Independent States, towards a policy limiting the influx of Muslim migrants from Central Asia. At the same time Russian government have invited Russian-speaking people from the post-Soviet area to settle in Russia. The introduced restrictions allowed the Russian Federation to use the facilitation of access to the Russian labor market as an instrument encouraging the political and economic integration of the post-Soviet states within the structures controlled by the Russian Federation. The increase in the political component of immigration policy did not change the fact that it was thanks to the influx of people from the post-Soviet area that Russia avoided the depopulation that is currently observed in Ukraine. Analyzing the situation of the Russian Federation and its politics towards the post-Soviet region, the realistic paradigm was used as it best reflects the specificity of the region.
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Lampadova, Svetlana. "Selective approaches to regulation of long-term migration in the Russian Federation." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2021, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2021-4-188-197.
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The number of foreign citizens that a country can admit without negative consequences for its economy in general and its labor market in particular, as well as for the socio-political situation, is limited and individual for each country. In this regard, states legislations in addition to the existing conditions set quotas. The purpose of the quota is to quantitatively limit the influx of foreign nationals into a country based on its socio-economic needs and capabilities in a given period. The quota is spent in order of priority without any differentiation and is a restrictive rather than a selection mechanism for ensuring a state’s migration policy.
Most often, the selection approach is mentioned in the legislations regulating labor and, in the first place, skilled migration. Only in the context of this subspecies of migration, it is possible to talk of the inequality of candidates based on the different levels of their professional competence and capacity for adaptation to the host country social environment. In the context of skilled labor migration, the role of education, work experience and the ability to communicate freely in the host state language increase significantly. This type of migration is voluntary and aims at mutual satisfaction of the needs of a state in strengthening its economy with highly professional labor force and the needs of foreign citizens in getting the best conditions for realizing their potential. The laws of the market economy shape it. A state possessing the «demand» must, in order to best ensure its own socio-economic needs, build an effective system of evaluation of the «supply» by foreign citizens.
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Maximova, S. G., D. A. Omelchenko, and O. E. Noyanzina. "International migration in border regions of Russia: Structural modeling of public attitudes." RUDN Journal of Sociology 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-4-737-755.
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Changes in migration patterns and structure of international migration in Russia, its shift towards more transit forms in the interests of labor market and local conditions, together with serious economic and demographic losses, determine the need to change the migration policies. Such policies, if they focus on migrants without taking into account the public opinion of the host population, cannot ensure the balance of interests and stability in the region or realization of benefits of international migration. It is the choice of the host population that determines acculturation strategies and success of adaptation and integration of migrants. Based on the data of the sociological research conducted in 2018 in the border regions of Russia, the authors claim the existence of general evaluative factor of public attitudes and present the structural model of its determination consisting of institutional characteristics of regional society and social-structural and identification characteristics of respondents. According to the results of the research, the population of border regions believe that migration does not have any positive impact on the Russian economy and cannot compensate demographic losses, and underestimate risks of discrimination and social exclusion of labor migrants. In the majority of regions studied, the general perception of migration is affected by diasporal identities and comparison of the region with ‘the rest of Russia’. The subjective assessment of personal security, financial situation, migration experience and cultural factors are important for variability of indicators or regions. The study highlights the importance of fight against ethnic prejudices and migrantophobia and of positive public opinion for the effective migration policy reflecting national interests in terms of attracting foreign human and cultural capital.
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Macakova, Libuse. "Selected Problems of Integration of Foreigners in the Czech Republic." Equilibrium 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2013.007.
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The aim of this paper is to characterize the problems of immigration and subsequent integration of foreigners in the Czech Republic. The starting point is a brief historical perspective on the development of migration policies of the Czech Republic and the development of immigration in recent years. The aspects discussed in particular are education and health care, as the main factors affecting the integration of immigrants. The analysis suggests a pivotal role of the state in the activities focused on the integration of foreigners, an important role is played by non-profit organizations. In the end of the paper attention is focused on the Czech public attitude to immigration. Active immigration policy in the Czech Republic began in 2003. Currently, integration is understood as an essential part of the immigration policy of the Government of the Czech Republic. Integration of foreigners into the Czech society is directly linked to the process of immigration and is crucial for the smooth immigrant participation in the local labor market and life in the country. The main problem is the lack of knowledge of the Czech language by adult immigrants and especially their children, lack of knowledge of the Czech language, which significantly complicates the possibility of integration into the Czech society. Access to health care is another critical area of integration. Not all areas of integration are managed entirely ideally. This paper tries to highlight specific partial deficiencies. Further development is possible only after an analysis of the basic factors of integration.
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Kostrytsya, Vasil, and Tetiana Burlai. "Employment recovery policy in the post-pandemic period: the international context." Ekonomìčna teorìâ 2021, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/etet2021.04.073.
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The shocking consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated the need to ensure the resilience of societies in the face of new epidemiological challenges. An integral element of the resilience system is the efficiency, balance and sustainability of national labor markets and the employment sector as a whole, which has had a devastating effect on the “coronavirus”. The purpose of the study is to identify global post-pandemic destructions in the field of employment, determine the main ways and factors of its recovery, as well as the resource potential of international management structures necessary to accelerate this process. Used statistical and analytical approaches, as well as methods of systemic, comparative and graphical analysis. Analyzed modern international approaches to the formation of employment recovery policy aimed at overcoming the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the world of work, public welfare and social justice. The resource potential of new UN and ILO initiatives to stabilize employment and accelerate the pace of its recovery on a global scale has been revealed. The key factors of the global dynamics of employment recovery have been identified, including: anti-malignant vaccination; fiscal stimulus; labor productivity; work migration; the level of development of national social protection systems and labor market institutions, digitalization, as well as involvement of countries in integration processes. The results of the study prove that in the formation of modern state policy aimed at accelerating the post-pandemic recovery of the economy and society, the key factors of employment recovery, as well as the corresponding strategic initiatives of international institutions, should be taken into account.
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Zimmerer, Karl S., Yolanda Jiménez-Olivencia, Alejandro Ruiz-Ruiz, and Laura Porcel-Rodríguez. "Agri-Food Land Transformations and Immigrant Farm Workers in Peri-Urban Areas of Spain and the Mediterranean." Land 9, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120472.
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Spain is a global hotspot of transformations of agri-food land systems due to changing production intensity, diets, urbanization, market integration, and climate change. Characteristic of the Mediterranean, these expanding intersections with the migration, livelihoods, and food security strategies of immigrant farm workers urge new research into the “who,” “how,” and “why” questions of the transformation of agri-food land systems. Addressing this gap, we communicate preliminary results from field research in the Granada and Madrid areas. We use a novel conceptual framework of linkages among distinct agri-food land systems and the roles and agency of immigrant farm workers. Preliminary results integrating a combined land- and labor-centric approach address: (1) how the recent and ongoing transformations of specific agri-food land systems are indicative of close links to inexpensive, flexible labor of immigrant farm workers; (2) how the connectivity among transformations of multiple distinct agri-food land systems can be related to the geographic mobility of immigrant farm workers and livelihoods (non-farm work, gendered employment, peri-urban residential location, labor recruitment); and (3) how the struggles for food and nutrition security among immigrant farm workers are indicative of links to local sites and networked agrobiodiversity. This study can help advance the nexus of migration-land research with expanding ethical, justice, and policy concerns of land system sciences in relation to the new suite of agri-food interest and initiatives.
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RYNDZAK, Olha. "INHIBITION OF MIGRATION LOSSES OF THE HUMAN POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 9-10 (October 24, 2019): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.09.079.
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Intensification of migration processes poses new challenges and tasks to the migration policy of Ukraine. One of the most acute problems at present is the mass emigration of the able-bodied population, especially highly educated youth, outside the country. The author’s concept of inhibition (slowing down) of human potential losses is proposed. It involves active migration policy measures in such directions: reduction of the emigration flows, stimulation of the external return migration and strengthening the internal migration of the population. At the same time, the ways of implementing each of these blocks are highlighted. Thus, it is possible to reduce the rate of emigration by regulating its factors. Two of these factors are analyzed: wages and unemployment. The author concludes it is necessary to gradually increase the level of wages, however, not mechanically but accompanied by a set of reforms. Regarding the problems of unemployment, a model of the mechanism for employment stimulation, involving a set of policy measures aimed at all subjects of the labor market, is developed. The stimulation of the external return migration, circular migration, re-immigration and repatriation involves: programs for encouraging and facilitating return and integration; financial, economic and organizational mechanisms for reciprocity provision; assistance in the employment of re-immigrants; pension settlement for circular migrants etc. To intensify internal migration (as a powerful alternative to external), it is necessary: to reduce administrative obstacles on the way of internal movements of the population; to create favorable conditions for realization the right to freedom of movement; to intensify interregional human exchange and cooperation; to develop measures for internal migration stimulation; to improve transport networks. Along with the socio-economic inhibitors, it is also necessary to apply mental factors, which can affect the migration behavior of the population. The author’s proposals, covered in the article, can become the basis for solving the problem of migration losses of human potential and for increasing the efficiency of the migration policy of Ukraine.
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Losheniuk, Oksana. "The concept of regulation of international labour migration in Ukraine." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 3(85) (August 8, 2017): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2017.03.064.
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The article deals with challenges and opportunities for international labour migration in Ukraine. It is stressed that the approach to regulation of international labour migration should be comprehensive and should encompass a whole range of factors influencing migration flows, which will ensure making appropriate economic and social changes. The present concept of regulation of international labour migration in Ukraine is analyzed and the need for its improvement is discussed. The priority goals of the Concept of State Migration Policy in Ukraine are highlighted. It is stated that state migration policy is carried out in both emigration and immigration. Some of the key factors of immigration and emigration are identified. It is proved that migration policy in Ukraine is being shaped towards the European Union, which envisages a mutually beneficial redistribution of human resources over the countries. The paper claims, that achieving the quality of life as high as in the EU countries is a key demand for the integration into the European Union. It is emphasized that the existing legislation on migration has some weak points related to developing and fulfilling human potential of migrants. A range of measures to regulate international labour migration is introduced. Based on the research findings, the following actions are proposed to meet the aims of regulation of international labour migration in Ukraine: reduction of emigration from Ukraine by improving its socio-economic status; training and retraining of potential emigrants tailored to the specific characteristics of labor market growth in the country; stimulation of internal mobility aimed at the reduction of emigration; regulation of external employment of Ukrainian citizens; creation of conditions for attracting and efficient using of migrants’ money transfers; using transnational connections of migrants; halting the employment of national human resources; stimulation of immigration attractiveness for certain professional; halting illegal and undesirable migration; regulation of immigrants in Ukraine; legalization of illegal present immigrants; signing bilateral agreements between countries on return migration; stimulating re-emigration; protection of the rights and interests of labour migrants in Ukraine and abroad.
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Khramova, Marina N., Elena V. Skoblina, and Anna I. Tyshkevich. "TRANSFORMATION OF THE MIGRATION POLICY OF RUSSIA, KYRGYZSTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE CONTEXT OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION." Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, no. 6 (2021): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2021-6-07.
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The migration policy of Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan is undergoing changes during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Its main aim is to mitigate the socio-economic effects of the pandemic for different categories of migrants, as well as to help migrants who remains at the territory of host countries. This article contains a brief chronology of the closure and gradual opening of state borders, the implementation of certain restrictive measures, requirements for crossing the state border by migrants. The article provides a description of measures aimed at supporting local population and migrants. Some data on the volume of money transfers as a factor of social stability in the countries of origin of migrants are presented. The diaspora aspect is also described, namely the situation of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz diasporas and the help they have received from the country of origin. The situation in the Russian Federation as a country, that is the main recipient of migrants of various categories for the CIS countries , is considered separately. It is shown that the set of measures adopted by the Russian Federation in the first months of the pandemic made it possible to avoid serious negative consequences on the labor market, as well as the marginalization of migrants. The article also provides an analysis of some of the documents that were adopted at the EAEU level during the first year and a half of the pandemic.
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Malmusi, Davide, Carles Muntaner, Carme Borrell, Marc Suhrcke, Patricia O’Campo, Mireia Julià, Giulia Melis, et al. "Social and Economic Policies Matter for Health Equity: Conclusions of the SOPHIE Project." International Journal of Health Services 48, no. 3 (June 12, 2018): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731418779954.
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Since 2011, the SOPHIE project has accumulated evidence regarding the influence of social and economic policies on population health levels, as well as on health inequalities according to socioeconomic position, gender, and immigrant status. Through comparative analyses and evaluation case studies across Europe, SOPHIE has shown how these health inequalities vary according to contexts in macroeconomics, social protection, labor market, built environment, housing, gender equity, and immigrant integration and may be reduced by equity-oriented policies in these fields. These studies can help public health and social justice advocates to build a strong case for fairer social and economic policies that will lead to the reduction of health inequalities that most governments have included among their policy goals. In this article, we summarize the main findings and policy implications of the SOPHIE project and the lessons learned on civil society participation in research and results communication.
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Massey, Douglas S., Joaquin Arango, Graeme Hugo, Ali Kouaouci, Adela Pellegrino, and J. Edward Taylor. "Uluslararası göç kuramlarının bir değerlendirmesi." Göç Dergisi 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 11–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/gd.v1i1.546.
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Gelişmiş ülkeler bugün, uluslararası göçün etkisiyle çeşitli ve çok kavimli bir yapıya ulaştılar. Uluslararası göçü açıklayan tek ve kapsamlı kuramsal açıklama henüz mevcut değil. Bu tartışmanın amacı çeşitli modellerin temel varsayımlarını ve hipotezlerini netleştirmek ve bütüncül bir biçimde sunabilmekti. Kuramlar göçün başlangıcı ve daha sonra uluslararası yaygınlaşmasını açıklamaya çalışanlar olarak ayrışmışlardı. Başlangıç kuramları arasında şunlar vardır: 1) yeni klasik ekonominin makro kuramı; 2) yeni klasik ekonominin mikro kuramları; 3) hasat sigorta piyasalarına, vadeli işlem piyasalarına, işsizlik sigortasına ve sermaye piyasalarına atıfta bulunan yeni ekonomi kuramı; 4) çifte pazar kuramı ve yapısal enflasyon, motivasyon sorunları, ekonomik dualizm ve emek arzının demografisi; ve 5) dünya sistemleri kuramı ve toprak, ham madde, emek, maddi bağlar, ideolojik bağlar ve küresel şehirler. Yaygınlaşma kuramları ise azalan risk ve maliyetlere vurgu yapan ağlar kuramı; kurumsal kuram; gelir ve toprak dağıtımı, tarımsal üretimin örgütlenmesi, göç kültürü, beşeri sermayenin bölgesel dağılımı, ve toplumsal adlandırma faktörleri üzerinden tartışılan biriken- kümülatif nedensellik; ve göç sistemleri kuramını kapsar. Bu kuramların varsayım ve önermeleri farklı olsa da esas olarak birbiriyle çelişmezler ancak çok farklı siyasetlerin oluşmasına yol açmışlardır. Önümüzdeki on yıllarda verilecek siyasi kararlar çok önemli olacak ve yanlış anlamalara ve çatışmalara yol açma potansiyeli taşımaktadırlar. Bu modellere dayanarak göç edilen ülkelerdeki ücret ve istihdam şartlarının düzenlenmesine yönelebilen siyasetler oluşturulabilir veya köken ülkelerde pazar ekonomisinin yapısal değişimini öngören kalkınmayı teşvik edici siyasetlere yol açılabilir. ENGLISH TITLETheories of International Migration: A Review and AppraisalENGLISH ABSTRACTThe configuration of developed countries has become today diverse and multiethnic, due to international migration. A single, coherent theoretical explanation for international migration is lacking. The aim of this discussion was the generation and integration of current theories that clarify basic assumptions and hypotheses of the various models. Theories were differentiated as explaining the initiation of migration and the perpetuation of international movement. Initiation theories discussed were 1) macro theories of neoclassical economics; 2) micro theories of neoclassical economics; 3) the new economics, with examples for crop insurance markets, futures markets, unemployment insurance, and capital markets; 4) dual labor market theory and structural inflation, motivational problems, economic dualism, and the demography of labor supply; and 5) world systems theory and the impacts of land, raw materials, labor, material links, ideological links, and global cities. Perpetuation theories were indicated as network theories of declining risks and costs; institutional theory, cumulative causation through distribution of income and land, organization of agrarian production, culture of migration regional distribution of human capital, and social labeling factors; and migration systems theory. The assumptions and propositions of these theories, although divergent, were not inherently contradictory, but had very different implications for policy formulation. The policy decisions over the next decades will be very important and carry with them the potential for misunderstanding and conflict. Policy options based on the explicated models range from regulation by changing wages and employment conditions in destination countries or promoting development in countries of origin to changing structural market economic relations.
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Novikova, O. F., O. O. Khandii, and L. L. Shamileva. "Losses of the Labor and Educational Potential of Ukraine During Martial Law." Business Inform 5, no. 532 (2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-5-62-69.
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Martial law in Ukraine causes changes in all spheres of ensuring the life of the population and the country as a whole. Active hostilities in a large area of many regions have led to a mass displacement of the population both on the territory of Ukraine and abroad. Obtaining either the status of an internally displaced person (IDP) or refugee status, puts forward requirements for the State to develop a policy of keeping IDPs from external migration and returning refugees to their homeland in order to preserve the human potential of the country, in particular, labor and educational potential. Making urgent managerial decisions in the social and labor sphere is of strategic importance for the restoration of territories in the postwar period and tactical importance for the integration of IDPs into host communities. Uncertainty of the terms of hostilities, constant change of the territories in which active military actions are conducted, require a quick response on the part of the State together with the adoption of relevant regulatory documents and amendments to the current ones aimed at protecting and supporting both internally displaced population and internally displaced businesses, returning refugees to Ukraine. The article is aimed at assessing the losses of labor and educational potential during martial law in Ukraine. The publication identifies the main risks in the labor sphere associated with martial law, examines the main imbalances determined by the socioeconomic risks and dangers. According to the authors’ methodology, an assessment of the losses of the labor and educational potential of Ukraine during the period of martial law is presented, which provides a substantiation for the directions of managerial decisions on its preservation and restoration. The main directions of prevention and minimization of risks in the labor sector and in the labor market are proposed. Attention is focused on the issues of long-term social integration of IDPs along with the development and implementation of measures to promote the return of refugees on the principles of social justice and non-discrimination.
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Dushi, Mimoza. "Influence of Migration in Women Emancipation - Case Study from Kosovan Albanian Diaspora." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 58 (September 2015): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.58.91.
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In many undeveloped Mediterranean countries with few occupational possibilities, international migration from late 1960’s become a matter of government policy, frequently through bilateral agreements for guest workers. Initially part of these agreements were only men, who migrated toward European counties as seasonal workers. This type of migration created attitudes among the Albanian population in Kosovo that international migrations are mainly for men. However, being in such places with high employment opportunities, profits and life standard, many of them decided to continue living in host countries, bringing thus their family members along. This move gave the to the Kosovar Albanian women opportunity to become part of host societies and possibility to Albanian population to understand that migration as a right which belong to both genders’ equally.Initially, migrated women who joined their husbands came mainly from rural and low educated families and were personally and mentally unprepared for a new life in an alien environment. Even though their integration into host societies was challenge for them, we argue that migration has affected their status and family life, as well. By entering into a wage earning production process they become more independent and active in family decision processes, families became egalitarian, relations between family members became more open and their social networks were expanding. Additionally, recent female migrants are more open into integration processes. They are showing interest for involvement into labor market and educational processes, meaning that beside job, they tend to ensure the position at profession, as well.These criteria of emancipation we will prove by using ethnographic research technique, which implies the collection and analysis of detailed in-depth interviews (life stories) of Kosovan Albanian migrants in Germany and Switzerland. By women’s narratives, through which they express themselves, will draw a conclusion about integration strategies and way of living in host societies. While, the husbands and children’s narratives will be used to prove the changes in their family life.
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Li, Zhentao, Hongping Yan, and Xiuxin Liu. "Evaluation of China’s Rural Industrial Integration Development Level, Regional Differences, and Development Direction." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 2479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032479.
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The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China first proposed the strategy of rural revitalization. This proposal constitutes a major strategic deployment for work related to “agriculture, the countryside and farmers” based on China’s national and agricultural conditions and scientific analysis of the new problems faced by agricultural and rural reform in the new era. China’s agricultural development is facing multiple challenges, such as market competition, resource scarcity, environmental constraints, labor exodus, and technological innovation. Additionally, China’s agricultural production is inefficient, farmers’ income is low, and the hollowing out of the countryside has further intensified. To address these challenges, the Party Central Committee made the major decision to implement the rural revitalization strategy, and governments at all levels have introduced a series of policies to support agriculture. However, with the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the proportion of agricultural output to the total output of the national economy and the proportion of the agricultural labor force to the social labor force are not decreasing, and the idea of seizing the opportunities offered by agriculture is no longer able to solve the current dilemma faced by agricultural and rural development. Expanding the function of agriculture and actively docking with the industry and the service industry are a major strategic initiative for actively adapting to the new normal of economic development. They also represent major innovative thinking to accelerate the transformation of the agricultural development mode. Only when industries are prosperous can rural revitalization have a strong material foundation. To achieve industrial prosperity, industrial integration is the key. Therefore, the realization of rural industrial revitalization must take the path of industrial integration and development. At present, research on rural industrial integration is limited to the local regions, such as provinces and cities, and analysis at the level of national rural industrial integration is lacking. Accelerating the integrated development of rural industries is key to promoting rural revitalization. This paper scientifically establishes an evaluation index system for the level of rural industrial integration development based on five related aspects: society, the economy, resources, facilities, and the environment. Factor analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the evaluation index system, and cluster analysis is used to classify the rural industrial integration development level of each province in China into different tiers. The results show that there are obvious regional differences in the levels of rural industrial integration development in China. The provinces and cities with development levels that are higher than average (i.e., scores ranging from 0.291 to 0.915) are concentrated in the eastern coastal areas and inland riverine areas. In contrast, those with development levels that are lower than average (i.e., scores ranging from −0.504 to −0.750) are concentrated in Northern China, the northeastern noncoastal areas and northwestern areas. In addition, provinces can be divided into five development tiers of rural industrial integration. Based on this information, national, provincial, and municipal improvement strategies are proposed to address the differences in development among and the prospects for each province, and to effectively promote the integration of rural industries in China.
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Voytyk, Oleksandra, and Nataliia Mazii. "Labor market amid the crisis and ways to improve its governmental regulation." Democratic governance 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/dg2022.02.144.
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Statement of the problem. Employment of the population and reduction of unemployment rate are priority objectives for economic recovery in the country suffering from the hybrid war for many years, affected by the COVID-19 pandemic for two years, and involved into the full-scale war since February 24, 2022 that results in joblessness for thousands of people, destruction of the businesses, equipment and facilities, as well as the natural resources of Ukraine. These and other factors are undermining the normalfunc- tioning of the labor market that currently features high unemployment rate, essential territorial differentiation in the area of employment in connection with the temporary occupation of the territories and warfare, imbalances between the vacancies and the qualifications in demand, negative demographic processes (increase in the rate of mortality, disability, migration within and outside the country). Today, governmental regulation of the labor market is a necessity because coordination between the interests of the workforce and the employers has to be supported and monitored by the government to enable fast recovery from the crisis and integration of Ukraine into the world economic space, increase of the economic competitiveness and acceptance of Ukraine as the member of the European Union. Analysis of the latest researches and publications. The war in Ukraine that has caused social and economic crisis has also adversely affected the national labor market and employment industry. The vacancies have been curtailed as a result of emigration of people and relocation of businesses, employment has become problematic or impossible, accordingly, there is increase in unemployment rate stemming from the pandemic and economic crisis emerging before the war. That is why a lot of scientists have started researching this problem, namely, N. Balashova, O. Bokov, M. Butko, V. Vasylchenko, R. Voitovych [4], S. Honcharova, K. Dubych [4], M. Kravchenko, O. Krainyk, E. Libanova, Y. Marshavin, L. Novak-Kaliaieva, V. Onikienko, N. Savchenko, K. Suprun [5], N. Titchenko. Addressing the previously untouched points of the general problem. The subject of the research constitutes study of the particulars of formation of offer and demand in the labor market of Ukraine amid improvement of its governmental regulation, with due regard to the European Integration ambitions of Ukraine. Presentation of the basic research material. Employment of the population is one of the most important criteria influencing the state of economy and efficiency of public administration in any country. The purpose of the governmental policy in this area is to ensure the fullest involvement of the population in the socioeconomic development processes. Public administration of employment includes ensuring balance between the labor offer and demand for the people with different occupational qualifications, increase of the income and improvement of the quality of life of the people, facilitation of staff support in order to generate and fulfill the creative and business ideas. Public administration of employment plays an important rolein the socioeconomic development policy, offersso- lution to the multidimensional problems, and not only furthers achievement of quantitative target values, but also encourages qualitative economic changes, human capital development, especially in the context of the European integration. Based on the completed analysis, the key measures aimed at improvement of the governmental regulation of the labor market amid the crisis are creation of equal opportunities for the unemployed in the Employment Center of the region, provision of access to the training programs and job offers, introduction of the mechanisms of cooperation and interaction among the State Employment Service and private employment agencies; elimination of imbalance between the workforce offer and demand revealed while analyzing the number of vacancies and unemployed in the labor market of Ukraine, which is especially necessary in times of war, by achieving the balance between the workforce offer and demand in the market through generation of the system of monitoring and forecasting, and estimation of the numbers of the state order in the educational institutions; career guidance organization and promotion, training and re-training of staff; harmonization of the legislative regulation of labor relations of the market participants; in view of the experience gained from the developed countries, prioritization of the social protection of the unemployed population (financial aid, unemployment benefits, unemployment insurance, etc.), which shall definitely decrease emigration of the staff and reduce the criminal rate; generation of the competitive environment, both in the labor market and in the businesses, with due regard to the economic and regional aspects; increase of motivation among the unemployed, etc. Conclusions. The research addresses the evident lack of balance between the offer and demand in the labor market occurring as a result of the pandemic, as well as substantial worsening of this situation since February 24, 2022. In 2018–2019, the difference between the vacancies and the unemployed was not essential, in 2020, the number of unemployed exceeded the number of vacancies 1.5 times, in 2021, 1.7 times, and in 2022, 2.7 times. In addition to the social crisis when the war destroys the life of people and families, ruins or paralyzes the state and private economy sector, the governmental regulation of the labor market is required both at the state and the regional levels. Today, the worst situation is in the occupied territories or the area affected by fighting, and despite partial relocation of businesses, many companies are staying in the danger area any putting the life of their employees at stake every day due to impossibility to move their business to another area, desire to keep the jobs or for other reasons, for stabilization of economic processes and the future without war.
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Varnalii, Zakharii, Rostislav Bilyk, and Mykola Khmelevskiy. "Social security of Ukraine: summary, problems and ways of ensuring." University Economic Bulletin, no. 45 (May 27, 2020): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-45-105-114.
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The essence and content of social security are revealed, the systematic problems and ways of providing social security of Ukraine in the conditions of globalization and European integration are investigated, the analysis of the generalities of factors of social security of Ukraine at the current stage of state development is made. It is substantiated that the social security of the state, in the narrow sense, is the degree (level) of protection of national interests of the population in the social sphere from internal and external threats, and social security of the state, in the broad sense, is a state of development of the state for which the state is able to protect from internal and external threats and to ensure a decent and quality social standard of living of the population, regardless of age, gender, income level, to promote the full development of human capital. It is determined that the social challenges of Ukraine's security have intensified, especially in the areas of population reproduction and labor potential, functioning of the social sphere and labor market, income and employment of the population. It is substantiated that these challenges lead to deterioration of working conditions and decrease of material well-being, depopulation and aging of the nation, spread of poverty and disintegration of financial position of citizens, decrease of social protection of the population, increase of dissatisfaction with the life and social policy of the authorities.It is proved that the state policy in the field of convergence of the social security system of Ukraine and the EU, in particular with regard to regulation of migration processes, should be aimed at achieving the goal of systematic development of human capital and implemented in the following areas: ensuring demographic security, modernization of the health care system, restoration of the quality system education, preservation of cultural values, becoming a competitive labor market, improving housing affordability, building social infrastructure, systemic social insurance population.
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Hujo, Katja. "Linking social policy, migration, and development in a regional context: The case of sub-Saharan Africa." Regions and Cohesion 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 30–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2013.030303.
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International migration is driven by development processes and, at the same time, it impacts development through labor market effects, remittance flows, knowledge transfers, social change in households and communities and responses at the policy and institutional levels. Although the development potential of migration is now widely recognized, we still observe that migration, and in particular, the free movement of people and the access of migrants to sociopolitical rights, remains a highly contested and sensitive political issue. This is not only the case with regard to migration from developing countries to industrialized countries in the North, but also for migration at a regional level and within regional integration projects such as common markets or political and monetary unions. This article discusses the linkages between migration, development, social policy and regional integration. The focus is on migration in sub-Saharan Africa, its impact on development and migrants' rights and implications for public policies including new forms of migration governance. Spanish La migración internacional es impulsada por los procesos de desarrollo y, al mismo tiempo, tiene un impacto en el desarrollo a través de sus efectos en el mercado de trabajo, los flujos de remesas, las transferencias de conocimientos, el cambio social en los hogares y en las comunidades, así como las respuestas a nivel político e institucional. Aunque actualmente el potencial de desarrollo de la migración es ampliamente reconocido, todavía observamos que la migración y, en particular, la libre circulación de personas y el acceso de los migrantes a más derechos sociopolíticos, sigue siendo una cuestión política muy controvertida y sensible. Este no es sólo el caso con respecto a la migración de los países en desarrollo a los países industrializados del Norte, también ocurre en la migración a nivel regional y en los proyectos de integración regional tales como los mercados comunes o uniones políticas y monetarias. Este artículo analiza los vínculos entre la migración, el desarrollo, la política social y la integración regional. La atención se centra en la migración en el África Subsahariana, su impacto sobre el desarrollo y los derechos de los migrantes, así como sus implicaciones en las políticas públicas, incluyendo nuevas formas de gobernanza de la migración. French La migration internationale est pilotée par les processus de développement et, dans un même temps, impacte sur le développement à travers ses effets sur le marché du travail, les transferts de fonds des migrants, les transferts de connaissances, le changement social dans les ménages et les communautés, ainsi que les réponses qu'elle occasionne au niveau politique et institutionnel. Bien que le potentiel de développement des migrations soit désormais largement reconnu, nous observons encore que la migration, et en particulier la libre circulation des personnes et l'accès des migrants aux droits socio-politiques, reste une question politique très controversée et sensible. Cela ne concerne pas seulement le cas des flux migratoires des pays en développement vers les pays industrialisés du Nord, mais également les flux migratoires générés au niveau régional et dans les contextes d'intégration régionale tels que les marchés communs ou les unions politiques et monétaires. Cet article examine les liens entre la migration, le développement, la politique sociale et l'intégration régionale. L'accent est mis sur la migration en Afrique sub-saharienne, son impact sur le développement et les droits des migrants, ainsi que leurs impacts sur les politiques publiques, y compris les nouvelles formes de gouvernance migratoires.
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Kasatkina, Natalya P., and Natalya V. Shumkova. "Secondary Employment and Self-Employment of Higher Education Students: The Scale, Structure and Functions (the Case Study of the Republic of Mordovia)." REGIONOLOGY 27, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 779–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.109.027.201904.779-800.
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Introduction. Studying the issues of secondary employment of higher education students, which is a factor in the youth integration into the social and professional structure of society and in the extended reproduction of its human capital, is of particular relevance in the context of the prospects for transformation of the social space of the modern labor market. The processes of differentiation, flexibilization, and expansion of non-standard forms of employment focus on studying the features of the structure of secondary employment of students in terms of identifying self-employment practices as a way of implementing creative and entrepreneurial activities of the youth. Materials and Methods. The materials of the author pilot focus group study and the data from a sociological survey conducted among final-year students of institutions of higher education in the Republic of Mordovia were used. To carry out an analysis, the methods of calculating the indicators of descriptive statistics, of assessing connections between variables, as well as that of multivariate statistical analysis were employed. Results. It has been shown that secondary employment of senior undergraduate students of institutions of higher education in the Republic of Mordovia is a common practice. The employment of students is mainly localized in the private sector and is not predominantly related to the profession the institution of higher education trains students for. Self-employment makes up a significant proportion (nearly 25 % of secondary employment. The segment of student self-employment is associated with the provision of a wide range of services, freelance and tutoring being the most popular ones. Self-employment practices are structured by type of activity, depending on gender, as well as on the novelty (or traditional nature) of the work done. Discussion and Conclusion. Self-employment contributes to students’ adaptation to and integration into the labor market and is a factor in stimulating the migration attitudes of young people and instability of vocational orientations. The practical significance of the research consists in the possibility of using its results by the authorities of the Republic of Mordovia when developing the regional youth policy and state programs in labor and employment, and when optimizing the human resources policies of organizations and agencies.
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Matyukhova, E. "Migration Challenges in the EU amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Fostering Solidarity or Threatening the Cohesion?" Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2020): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2020-4-94-107.
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The article discusses the formation and adaptation of migration policies in the European Union Member States under the impact of COVID-19. Prior to the pandemic, migration was already a very acute issue for the Member States, because the attitudes of each country towards formulating a common migration policy and its further communitarisation were quite different. Not surprisingly, amid the spread of the infection, a phenomenon such as migration has an even greater impact on the development of the entire European regional integration project. Due to the introduction of strict measures against coronavirus, such as social distance standards and states of emergency, most migrant and refugee assistance programs have been suspended indefinitely, with an immediate negative impact on the lives of these people. However, one thing all countries agree on is that migrants contribute greatly to EU life and development, as they constitute 13% of the key workforce. Therefore, new safe working practices need to be adopted. Another key issue under consideration is developing coherent asylum-seeker and refugee policies. These two categories constitute a large part of the Union's migration flows; however, the EU experience in this area has not been very successful. Thus, in the midst of COVID-19, effective migration management becomes even more important. The pandemic stresses the need for better public administration with migrants and refugees in mind. As a consequence, it is not surprising that COVID-19 will have a long-term impact on migration. Basing on the analysis of current developments, the author concludes that although the EU has taken some initiatives to improve the situation of migrants and refugees, it cannot fully guarantee them health protection, decent and stable living conditions, social security and access to the labor market.
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Kublitskaya, Elena. "Ethno-confessional and socio-political views of indigenous and non-indigenous Muscovites (sociological experience)." Science. Culture. Society 28, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.4.11.
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The article deals with the problems associated with the intensification of migration processes in the largest megacities. Both positive and negative consequences of uncontrolled large-scale migration flows are determined. The focus of this article is concentrated on the study of the nature and degree of manifestation of tolerance/intolerance in the ethno-confessional and socio-cultural interaction of various groups of indigenous and non-indigenous population (with varying degrees of involvement in assimilation processes) Moscow; based on a comparative analysis of religious, socio-cultural and socio-political views of the indigenous residents of the capital and migrants. The results of monitoring by ISPR FCTAS RAS and IDR FCTAS RAS prove that uncontrolled migration processes contribute to the development of social risks. Ethno-confessional interaction is marked by the attitudes of the capital's indigenous inhabitants towards ethnocentrism, national and confessional exclusivity ("adherence to mono-national and mono-confessional marriages"). A significant difference in the socio-political, patriotic and confessional orientations of the typological groups studied ("indigenous" Muscovites and "newcomers") was revealed. Thus, the results of a sociological survey show that native Muscovites are more optimistic about the socio-economic and socio-political situation in the country, the political reform of society compared to migrants. In addition, when comparing assessments of the role of religious organizations and, in particular, the ROC in modern society, a group of "newcomers" Muscovites is less tolerant than a group of "indigenous" residents of the capital. The revealed consequences of the negative phenomena of the uncontrolled migration process (for example, the illegal involvement of migrants in labor relations contributes to the growth of the shadow economy and corruption in the labor market, etc.) indicates the relevance of studying the integration, assimilation of migrants and tolerance/intolerance in the ethno-confessional and socio-cultural interaction of indigenous Muscovites and newcomers. It is noted that taking into account "social risks" in the practice of national policy can help minimize the potential of interethnic and interfaith tensions in the metropolitan metropolis.
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Kimkong, Ham, Buapun Promphakping, Harri Hudson, and Samantha C. J. Day. "Agricultural Transformation in the Rural Farmer Communities of Stung Chrey Bak, Kampong Chhnang Province, Cambodia." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020308.
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This paper examines the processes of agricultural transformation and their impacts within six rice farming communities in Cambodia. For this, we explored four drivers of agricultural transformation: (1) market integration, (2) modern technologies, (3) household assets, and (4) institutional-policy processes. The paper employs qualitative methods, using document analysis on the policy literature and datasets, field observations, focus groups, and key informant interviews in six rice farming communities in the Stung Chrey Bak Commune, Kampong Chhnang Province. Herein, we analyze the processes of agricultural transformation that shape farmer livelihoods and contribute to the literature regarding the dynamic and uneven politics of implementing the green revolution. Our findings show that agricultural transformation in the six rice farming communities has had mixed results. While the transitions have improved household income, they have also led to insecurity, with potential impacts on the long-term sustainability of the rice-production sector. These include higher input costs, fluctuating rice revenues, and environmental impacts from increased chemical use. We show that greater support is needed in these farming communities in order to achieve sustainable rice production going forward, particularly in light of climate change, indebtedness, and the migration of young labor to off-farm employment, leading to aging farmer populations.
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Girlevičienė, Laura, and Alina Kvietkauskienė. "EVALUATION OF STATE AID AND ITS CREATED VALUE FOR DISABLED PEOPLE IN LITHUANIA." Journal of Business Economics and Management 22, no. 4 (June 2, 2021): 905–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2021.14471.
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Countries facing social issues related to the disabled apply various measures to solve them, including State aid. However, the application of these measures does not always enable them to achieve the goals of state policy or to improve indicators such as the integration of the disabled into the labor market and reduction of social exclusion. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of State aid usage and influence on the implementation of disabled employment policies, this research develops a set of social and economic indicators to reflect the examined issue, allow for the assessment of the situation of the target group, and envisage areas of improvement. To evaluate the impact of State aid on the selected indicators, a simple linear regression analysis is performed. According to our evaluations, we establish that in order for the government to solve problems of poverty by employing disabled people, questions of financial capacity as well as the effectiveness of allowances for the disabled should be addressed. The expected effects of this measure are a growing number of employed disabled people and reduction of poverty and social exclusion among disabled people.
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López-Penabad, María-Celia, José Manuel Maside-Sanfiz, Juan Torrelles-Manent, and Carmen López-Andión. "Performance Evaluation of Sheltered Workshops. Does Legal Status Matter?" Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031100.
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Social enterprise pursues both social and economic goals and is recognized as a formula for achieving sustainable development. Sheltered workshops (SWs) are a manifestation of this phenomenon, their main objective being the labor market integration of disabled people. In this paper, the efficiency of SWs has been studied taking into account the operational and the core social aspects, as well as their distinct nature, namely for-profit or non-profit status. Additionally, we have analyzed the relationship between the social efficiency and the economic returns of these entities. To do this, a semiparametric methodology, combining different data envelopment analysis (DEA) models with truncated regression estimation has been used. It is the non-profit and top-performing SWs that achieve the best social and economic efficiency. For-profit and low-performing SWs show further reductions in social efficiency as a result of the economic crisis and uncertainty in subsidy-related public policies. Their extensive social proactiveness and high economic strength in the crisis period positively influenced their social and economic efficiency. We have also proven that it is the most profitable SWs that have the greatest social efficiency. We consider that our results constitute a useful complement to other evaluation models for social enterprise.
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Gorin, Nazar. "Development of international economic ties of Western Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX century." Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni 2019, no. 52 (2019): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2019.52.155.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the main forms and channels of international economic relations of the Western Ukrainian lands during their being in Austro-Hungary state. The role of government policy in attracting foreign investment for the development of economy of the Western Ukrainian region has been clarified. The role of railway network development in the integration of Western Ukraine economy into the world commodity-cash flows is analyzed. It was noted that the northeastern regions of the empire were developed by the central government primarily in order to obtain cheap raw materials and labor, as well as to create a market for the sale of industrial goods produced by enterprises from the central regions of the empire. It is noted that the then shaped specialization of production laid the foundations for the disproportionate development of the economy of Western Ukrainian lands in the future. Generalized sectors where foreign capital participated most, in particular: railway construction, chemical, machine building, oil and refining, electricity, sawmill, woodworking and ozokerite industry, banking and wholesaling. The role of Austrian, German, American, French and English capital in the development of individual branches of economy was tracked down. It is shown that the weakness of the competitive environment and institutional mechanisms of asset capitalization, governmental patronage for large enterprises caused the emergence and accelerated development of monopolistic tendencies in the economy of the region. The main vectors of foreign trade relations of Western Ukrainian lands are analyzed and the reasons and directions of labor migration of Ukrainians in the second half of the nineteenth – beginning of the twentieth century are highlighted.