Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Migration and remittance'
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Withers, Matthew Anthony. "Remittance Economy: Migration-Underdevelopment in Sri Lanka." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16469.
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Sri Lanka's integration at the lower tiers of a (re)globalising world economy has entailed the mass migration of low-skilled and domestic workers employed as temporary contract labour throughout the oil-economies of West Asia. Foreign employment of this kind began after neoliberal economic restructuring in 1977 and, by facilitating remittance transfers, has since become a dominant livelihood strategy for households and the largest source of export earnings for the economy. Dominant policy-level assumptions of a mutually-beneficial ‘triple win’ between migrants and their countries of origin and destination posit temporary labour migration will produce positive economic outcomes for all involved. Yet while labour-receiving economies clearly benefit from exploiting reserve armies of labour and care, the developmental implications of remittance transfers for migrant households and sending economies remain empirically ambiguous and relatively under-theorised. Employing a multiscalar analysis of migration outcomes – spanning individual households, local communities, the macro-economy and global patterns of capital accumulation – this thesis demonstrates how cumulatively causative processes at structural, institutional and agency levels have left Sri Lanka a precariously uneven and remittance-dependent economy. Sri Lanka’s dilemma hinges on a central contradiction: uneven development has forced marginalised populations into foreign employment, only for their remittances to maintain the model of development they themselves are excluded from. The dualistic nature of remittance capital, as both an individual income transfer and an aggregate foreign exchange inflow, is fundamental to this dynamic. Fieldwork findings from over 100 interviews with migrant returnees suggest that a combination of rigid economic geography, exploitative recruitment networks and the social importance of status consumption have resulted in few lasting benefits from foreign employment. Most migrants achieved subsistence rather than ‘success’, while those from more disadvantaged communities often return indebted. Whilst remittance transfers have generally produced one-off or transient benefits for migrant households, their aggregated inflows have cushioned Sri Lanka’s trade deficit and buoyed the rupee to underwrite international loans that sustain uneven development by financing large infrastructural projects orientated explicitly to capital and the urban economy. Although evoking the pretence of stability, Sri Lanka’s remittance-driven development has complex implications for trade and production, to the effect of undermining domestic industry and limiting local spillovers from remittance consumption. With increasing remittance inflows needed to buffer a widening current account deficit and maintain macroeconomic stability, Sri Lanka has become entwined in an unsustainable and seemingly intractable path dependence on temporary labour migration as a substitute for substantive economic development.
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Karlsson, Sara. "Remittances as a Social Contract : An Interview Study on Remittance Behaviour among Swedish Immigrants." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70553.
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In what has been described as “the age of migration” by Castles et al. (2014) the international transfers of remittances is an ever-growing phenomenon, which has generated an increased interest among both scholars and policy-makers. According to the World Bank (2016), the flow of remittances to developing countries is today exceeding the amount of official development aid by three times. The objective of this study is to contribute to a more nuanced view of the motivations for remittances by conducting a qualitative interview study with remittance senders in Sweden. The study uses data obtained from 18 interviews in order to receive an in-depth understanding of remittance attitudes. An analytical framework departing from Lucas and Stark’s hypotheses on motives to remit (1985) combined with the conjugal contract model (Whitehead, 1984) is constructed and used for the analysis of the findings. The paper argues that the relationship between household members can be seen as a social contract, and the findings suggest a correlation between social norms and gender roles within the family. The results of the interviews indicate that social norms do influence remittance behaviour, and the determinants of time and expectations from the household are also proven relevant to the topic. The findings thus show that the concept of social contracts between family members can be usefully employed in order to extend our understanding of remittance behaviour. In conclusion, this study shows that viewing remittances as part of a social contract within households can provide a useful tool for further research on the topic.
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Boakye-Yiadom, Louis. "Rural-urban linkages and welfare : the case of Ghana's migration and remittance flows." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512256.
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In spite of the prevalence of rural-urban interactions in developing countries, much remains to be learnt about their welfare impacts. This thesis extends the discussion on rural-urban linkages by examining – for Ghana – two of the main forms of such interactions: migration and remittance flows. The study explores factors influencing migration and remittance flows, and also evaluates the impacts of these linkages on poverty and consumption welfare, using data from the 1998/99 Ghana Living Standards Survey. A key feature of the analyses is the construction of counterfactual scenarios and the application of a methodology that adjusts for selectivity bias.
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Wu, Annie Yuan Cih. "Timorese Participants in the Australian Seasonal Workers Programme: Migration, Remittances and Development." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22336.
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This thesis examines the impact of migration and remittances through Timor-Leste’s temporary labour migration scheme in Australia through the Australian Seasonal Workers Programme. Timorese seasonal workers’ labour migration to Australia is a crucial part of livelihood strategies. The SWP runs for six months for Timorese workers, and some of them may be invited to return for the next season if employers approve. Their earnings average between USD4,000 and USD8,000 per season, varying with the type of employment and accommodation conditions. Geographic effects of isolation affect workers’ saving strategies in rural Australia. Timorese seasonal workers’ social lives predominantly involve socio-geographic isolation and social segregation in work and accommodation, but this has enabled social support and accumulation of remittances via collective living arrangements. Social media supports social network building and the maintenance of long-distance family ties. Shopping, football and church participation become a means of reducing the stress of physically demanding work in horticulture. Remittances can assist in urbanisation in Dili and consolidate financial capital for economic improvement in seasonal workers’ households. Remittances enable the maintenance of social relationships, balance social and family costs, investment in entrepreneurship, education, and house building. Transferring social remittances is also significant. Work ethics, time management, teamwork, cultural competences, and skillsets such as English language skills, agricultural or hospitality industry knowledge, and communication skills are all a part of social remittances that Timorese workers acquire during their season in Australia. Circular migration between Australia and Timor-Leste has a profound impact on the seasonal workers, their left-behind households, and both societies. Remittances are not altruistic and therefore have minimal effect on development at a national scale. Nevertheless, remittances increase the probability of socioeconomic development when some returned seasonal workers utilise their savings on improving their household economies and then establish entrepreneurial activities in Timor-Leste.
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Kalfa, Eleni. "Immigrants' over-education, their labour market outcomes and remittance behaviour." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54350/.
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The thesis investigates immigrants’ labour market performance and migrants’ remittance behaviour using survey data from Spain and Australia. Using empirical estimation techniques, it examines the following three aspects: (1) the impact of immigrants’ educational mismatch at home on the incidence and wage effects of over-education in the destination country; (2) the extent to which immigrants’ social and ethnic capital can correct over-education; and (3) the role of initial motives to migrate, employment conditions and education on immigrants’ remittance behaviour. Using individual data from Spain, the empirical results show that immigrants’ education-occupation mismatch can largely be explained by an existing education-occupation mismatch in the last job held in the home country. In addition to this, a high persistence in over-education is observed throughout their stay in the destination country, with significant wage penalties, especially for the higher educated group. It is argued that immigrants’ performance in the labour market can be improved by their social capital as it provides access to useful resources that could help them in finding a job. However, this does not necessarily mean that social capital can help in finding a better matched job over time. Using a longitudinal household panel survey from Australia, the results suggest that social capital does not contribute in reducing over-education. In particular, social participation and ethnic networks are strong contributors in accentuating over-education. Mixed results are found when distinguishing between levels of education, with the higher educated being better off in the labour market through their contacts. In addition to this, initial motives to migrate, labour market conditions in the host country as well as human capital accumulated may in fact have an impact on immigrants’ decision to stay in the host country, which could in turn affect their remittance behaviour. Evidence from Spain shows that labour migrants are more likely to send money back home, while family migrants have a lower propensity to remit. In addition, employment stability throughout the stay in the host country has a strong negative impact on both, the decision and the amount sent. Significant differences are observed between years of arrival, where the higher educated remit more as time spent in the host country increases, while level of income and employment stability appear to be important determinants for recent arrivals than for those who spent more than 10 years abroad.
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Canessa, Eugenia. "Migration and female labour supply as shock coping strategies after economic crises and natural disasters." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/257451.
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The research project intends to investigate the responses of households to economic uncertainty and natural shocks and the coping strategies developed both in terms of growing migration rates and remittance inflows and of increasing labour supply.
In the first Chapter, we employ household survey data from the Indian State of Kerala to evaluate how transfers of remittances sent from overseas respond to heterogeneous sectoral employment shocks experienced by migrants in the host country during the 2008 crisis.
In the second chapter, migration and remittances have been investigated as coping strategies adopted by households after a dramatic flood that hit Bangladesh in August-September 2014. The combination of high-resolution satellite data to precisely measure our treatment variable and the difference-in-difference estimations allow us to causally identify the impact of the dramatic flooding on internal and international migration.
The same robust estimation technique is then applied to evaluate the effect of the 2014 flood in Bangladesh on female labour force participation rate and on the probability for unemployed women to enter the labour force. In addition, correcting for selection into employment, we estimate how the flood affects the probability for women working in the household farm to engage in independent wage-earning activities, evaluatiing whether the expected rise in female labour force participation - instrumented by the shock intensity they face - would help to increase their bargaining power within the households.
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Speciale, Biagio. "Essays on the economics of education and migration." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210637.
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This thesis consists of three essays on the economics of education and migration. The first essay analyzes the effects of remittances on public education spending in migrants’ source countries. The second essay studies the impact of migration on public education expenditures in migrants’ destination countries. The third essay investigates the effects of public education expenditures on subsequent human capital inequality.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Maeng, Joon-Ho. "Crossing borders : the implications of labour migration on well-being for the rural households in northeast Thailand." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/crossing-borders-the-implications-of-labour-migration-on-wellbeing-for-the-rural-households-in-northeast-thailand(e49db205-94dc-4f7f-a96c-0e8bfb7f341d).html.
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This thesis looks at the relationship between labour migration and socio-economic well-being of the rural households in the communities in Northeastern Thailand, and provides one of the few detailed case studies of the costs and benefits of labour mobility within Southeast Asian labour market system. This research aims to deepen our understanding of the implications of labour migration at micro-level. More specifically, the study aims to examine 'how much such labour migration and remittances do support the rural households and their family members left-behind?' by seeking a holistic assessment based on well-being perspectives with mixed-methods approach. To appreciate this question, we must first understand that there has been rapid economic development and change in Thailand over the past decades, and Thailand is now a leading economy in Southeast Asia that is evolving into a global and regional migration hub for outgoing, incoming, and transiting migrants. The rural communities in Northeastern Thailand, however, have experienced economic and environmental marginality, and as a result, have developed an institutionalised and self-sustaining migration culture after the Vietnam War in 1975. Yet existing research does not tell us much about what are the consequences of the labour migration on well-being for the households in this area. The research explores associations between remittance behaviours and gender difference using sex-disaggregated data, measures dimensions of poverty alleviating effects on the three Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty indices, and assesses economic well-being of the rural households (on the basis of differing participation in labour migration) and non-economic well-being of the family left-behind. On the evidence of this research with various levels of significance in regression analyses, international labour migration and remittances have several implications on rural households in Northeastern Thailand. Firstly, the results show that women and migrants from poorer households behave more altruistically, while men and migrants from richer households behave more contractually. These heterogeneities in remittance behaviours also linked to the asset accumulation patterns for migrants' own future well-being and related to inheritance culture of the rural Thais. Secondly, labour migration is a rational economic strategy of rural households to combat poverty and to improve economic well-being. The analysis reveals clearly that the entire income gap and most of the gap in economic well-being between households with and without migrants can be accounted by availability of remittances. However, the remittances also increase economic inequality (i.e. disparities in well-being) among households in the communities as well-known. Finally, the absence of adult children (for the elderly) or parents (for children) because of international labour migration does not create major disruptions of the non-economic well-being of the family members. The possibilities for frequent correspondence, returns, and the economic benefits of migration contribute to cushion the negative impacts of migration. Most of all, the extended family system plays a decisive role in functioning as a support mechanism.
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Källoff, Heidi. "Banking the unbanked: Financial inclusion and economic sustainable development for women? : Decolonial perspectives on the gendered migration-remittances-development nexus." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om Migration, Etnicitet och Samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166975.
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Over the last decade, a new trend of Global Remittances has emerged within the international development community, especially a growing interest in women’s migration and remittances, and their potential for poverty reduction and economic growth. Due to the staggering amount of transnational money transfers, migrant remittances have become a central component in multilateral discussions on alternative development financing, and has been included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The present study thus explores the multiple ways in which this gendered migration-remittance-development nexus has come to play out the recent years, seeking to understand how the “banking the unbanked” logic along with microfinance profit-making agendas serves neoliberal governmental and infrastructural discursive formations of transnational migration and its development impact. By using a decolonial approach, the study uses critical discourse analysis to scrutinize selected multilateral actors’ policy documents to explore in what ways migrant women’s “financial inclusion, independence and economic empowerment” have been included in the goals and targets within the 2030 Agenda. The main finding is that the rights-based approach towards migrants in the sustainability discourse rather tends to dismantle migrant agency into monetary practices which have come to be an important means for the financialization of migrant and non-migrant communities as well as for the transmittance of western knowledge doctrines, and in turn, are to prolong regimes of “modern slavery.”
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Urbi, Berzenn D. "The lived experience of Filipino registered nurses seeking to migrate overseas." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118572/1/Berzenn_Urbi_Thesis.pdf.
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This research engaged in a phenomenological exploration of the experiences and motivations of Filipino nurses working in the Philippines who were seeking overseas employment. The major driver for migration was associated with living out Filipino socio-cultural values that give emphasis to reciprocal relations with families. Although participants expressed their hopes for better remuneration, their desire to support family and social affiliations remained the primary focus of their intent. The study findings may inform policy makers and workforce planning and suggest a re-visiting of policy to investigate socio-cultural drivers often neglected in the discussions of Filipino nurse migration.
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Rupp, Helen. "Migration, Remittances und gesellschaftliche Reproduktion." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-93279.
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Die Arbeit geht der Frage nach, warum die Rücküberweisungen von MigrantInnen nach El Salvador seit 1980 bis zur jüngsten Finanzkrise so konstant und enorm angestiegen sind. Dabei werden Erkenntnisse aus der bisherigen Forschung zu Migration und Remittances insbesondere aus der Neuen Ökonomie der Arbeitsmigration einer kritischen Revision unterzogen und um entscheidende Punkte erweitert. Das Ergebnis ist ein synthetischer Erklärungsansatz für das Phänomen der Remesas nach El Salvador, der sich auf die Kernbegriffe Ungleichheit, Schuld und (Un-)Sicherheit bezieht. Unter Bezug auf das Konzept gesellschaftlicher Reproduktion werden Aspekte untersucht, die über monetäre und produktive Faktoren als Ursachen für Remittances hinausgehen. Der theoretische Rahmen der subjektfundierten Hegemonietheorie erlaubt es, die Dichotomie von Struktur und Handlung bei der Erklärung der Rücküberweisungen von MigrantInnen zu überwinden.
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Saraogi, Amrita. "Essays on international migration and remittances." Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.651283.
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During the last two decades, Central and East-European (CEE) countries and in particular, Moldova has experienced large-scale labour emigration as well as significant increases in the associated worker's remittance flows. At least one-fourth of Mo ldova's economically active population has emigrated and worker's remittances amount to some 30 percent of its GDP. Against this backdrop, the essays included in this thesis aim to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of remittance flows from workers in the host country to their household in the origin country through the investigation of three aspects: (1) the factors that account for the receipt of remittances across households in Moldova; (2) relationship between remittances and future migration intentions of non-migrants living in remittance receiving households; and (3) the impact of remittances on the enrolment status of children and young adults. Using household survey data for Moldova, the results show that altruism and investment are the two main motives behind remittance flows to Moldova. Moreover, the analysis also suggests that remittances help loosen the liquidity constraints of households. Thus, on one hand it is shown that remittances trigger migration intentions among nonmigrants either through their signalling property or through by alleviating credit constraints of recipient households. On the other hand, children in remittance-receiving families are more likely to be enrolled for education compared to similar children in non-recipient families.
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Vadean, Florin-Petru. "Essays in international migration and migrants' remittances." Thesis, University of Kent, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523526.
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Rehman, Abdul. "Empirical essays on migration and remittances in Pakistan." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53457/.
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In this dissertation, we develop four essays to analyse several aspects of migration for Pakistan on the basis of household level panel and cross-sectional data from 1986 to 2007. The aspects analysed are decision to migrate domestically and internationally, financing of migration, decision to send remittances and spill-over effects on remittances. These essays are presented in Chapters four through seven. Other chapters include a general introduction, literature review and concluding remarks and policy discussions. Chapter four (essay one) studies the determinants of the two locational migrations (internal-and-international migration) using discrete choice models. The study begins by investigating migration as a whole and then looks at the more disaggregate choice. On the snapshot of migration as a whole we detect an intriguing size-composition effect on the household’s probability of migration: the larger the household, the greater the probability of migration. On the other hand, the more dependants a household has (in terms of the number of children and young females), the less likely it is to have migrant member. This relation is by and large true for both types of migration – internal or international. We also find that the probability of migration is inversely related to the pre-migration initial (as observed at the beginning of the study period) landholding of the household. For a one-acre decrease in landholding will results in 11% increase in international migration relative to never migration, and comparatively it shows a 1.3% increase in internal migration. So it is most likely that households have depleted their landholding to raise finances for their migration. Using the same dataset (of chapter four) in chapter five (essay two), we study the determinants of receiving remittances by constructing a Box-Cox double hurdle model for households. The first iii hurdle deals with the decision to receive remittance, and conditional on participation, the hurdle deals with the amount or level of remittances. The first stage regression does reveal household characteristics such as household head age, number of children aged less than 11 years, and the district level fixed effects to be important for remittances, be it for internal or international migration. From these factors, it may be concluded that household level characteristics and regional factors are the important determinants for the probability of remittances. The second hurdle deals with the determinants of remittance amounts, conditional on being a remitter. The household head education and age appear to affect the level of remittances, unlike the participation results. Comparing the impact across the participation and the level of remittances received by the household, we find that both members travelling within and outside of the country are the important determinant for both hurdles. We find that there exists opposing effect of probability to receive remittances and the level of remittances at the district level. Chapter six (essay three) studies the determinants of internal- and –international remittances by introducing the random- and –fixed effects by employing a multilevel econometric methodology to study the spread of remittances at different levels of spatial aggregation. Few studies use multilevel analyses on remittance data, but to the best of our knowledge, there is none for in the context of a developing country such as Pakistan. We use data from Pakistan Household Integrated Economic Survey of 2001-02, employing household-,village-, district-, province- and regional-level variables to understand how heterogeneities at these different levels impact on the probability of receiving (or sending) remittances, relative to other households in the same village or district. Our findings suggest that the determinants of internal remittances are different from those of international remittances. We find greater variation in the odds of receiving remittances (both internal and international) among households from same villages within the same district than those located in different villages within same district. Also with regional fixed effects, the correlation is refined and thus it becomes smaller. iv In chapter seven (essay four), we empirically study the possible multiplier effect (spill over) triggered by remittances by using the Pakistan Household Integrated Economic Survey of 2007-08. While the existing studies provide a compelling empirical evidence of remittance income is more likely to be saved and invested in land, housing, and human capital, but it is unclear to what extent it contribute to the origin community. The existing literature is unable to answer the question whether remittances causes multiplier or spill-over effect. If they do exists, then to what extent? Motivated by the concern that the remittance can generate multiplier effects in origin communities. We investigate the role of household interdependencies of the remittances by exploiting a novel method of identification based on the comparison of the variance of household behaviour at the different level of aggregation within and between a different districts of Pakistan (Graham, 2008). This method allows for identification of two problems that arise due to self-selection and unobservable heterogeneity. We quantify the social multiplier of remittances to be 1.12, suggesting sizable spill-over between eighty one districts in Pakistan. Our result suggests that social multiplier in terms of remittances has contributed to the development of rural household of Pakistan.
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Uprety, Dambar Uprety. "Skilled Migration and Remittances: Theoretical and Empirical Analyses." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1181.
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This dissertation investigates the impact of skilled migrants' remittances and import tariffs of migrant-sending countries on skilled migration. The first chapter builds a model that predicts the positive association between emigration of skilled individuals and the proportion of remittances from them by considering heterogeneity of workers in skills. There are inter--industry and migration thresholds of skill in migrant sending countries. Both of these skill thresholds lower with remittances from skilled migrants. This is because of the rising wage gap effects. Remittance outflows from developed countries depress the demand for differentiated goods which in turn lowers the demand for workers in this sector. This leads to lowering the demand for skilled workers and thus wages of the marginal workers increases. Just opposite happens in migrant-sending countries and so wage gap increases, which pulls skilled workers from developing countries and therefore, emigration of such workers increases. The second chapter builds a model that predicts the complementarity between skilled migration and import tariffs levied by migrant sending countries. Migration skill threshold increases with the increase in tariffs thereby reducing skilled migration. However, the inter-industry skill threshold moves left with the rise in tariffs causing to expand differentiated sector in the developing country. On the contrary, the differentiated sector in the developed country shrinks. Expansion of differentiated sector in the migrant sending country and shrinking of such sector in the migrant-receiving country lowers the skilled migration from the developing to the developed country. The third chapter empirically tests the validity of the prediction of the first chapter. Using a panel data of 133 developing countries as migrant source countries and seven five-year windows between 1980 and 2010, we find that inflows of remittances are positively associated with subsequent stocks of highly educated migrants living in OECD countries. We find little association between remittance inflows and subsequent changes in stocks of less educated migrants.
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Morán, Hilcías E. "Three essays on migration, remittances and human capital formation." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380105.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Economics, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 13, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4784. Adviser: Gerhard Glomm.
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Schwartz, Sharron P. "Cornish migration to Latin America : a global and transnational perspective." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288371.
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Dahlberg, Åsa, and Sofie Ahlin. "Migration, remittances and the women left behind : A study on how women in Mali are affected by migration and remittances from their migrated husbands." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-10254.
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The purpose of this study is to find out in which way international migration and remittances influence the role and lives of women in Mali. We look more specifically on whether migration and remittances change existing gender roles and empower women. Our research questions focus on changes in women's decision-making power in the households as well as on their activity outside the households. To understand the importance of remittances, we compare two regions with heavy migration - the one receiving most remittances and one of the regions receiving least. The method used is semi-structured interviews with women in the two regions, both migrant‟s wives and women having their husband at home. The study is also based on interviews with several organizations in Mali. Our results show that remittances and migration have little impact on women's empowerment and ability to make choices. However remittances can influence their material well being and lessen their work burden, which can serve as a prerequisite for empowerment, but only if it is combined with other variables such as changes in traditional gender values.MFS
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Phangaphanga, Martin. "Internal migration, remittances and household welfare: evidence from South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12866.
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Includes bibliographical references.In this thesis, I investigate the economic linkages between internal labour migration and the welfare of migrant-sending households and communities. The analysis is couched in the new economics of labour migration theory, which recognises the familial participation in migration decisions and therefore the potential role of economic linkages between migrants and their original households.
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Joarder, Mohammad Abdul Munim. "Essays on the economics of human trafficking, migration and remittances." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1646.
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The thesis firstly deals with human trafficking and the migration-debt contract, theoretically and empirically, by paying particular attention to the organisational process of human trafficking. The second part deals with international migration and the consequent remittances using matched samples of Bangladeshi migrants living in the UK and Malaysia. It examines the determinants and motives to remit; and considers happiness functions to explore how remittances influence happiness among migrants and their left-behind households.
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Yeboah, Collins. "Internal migration, remittances and welfare impacts : a case study in Dormaa Municipality, Ghana." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4921.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)This study examines internal migration, remittances and welfare impacts among migrant households in the Dormaa Municipality in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. Data were gathered though a questionnaire survey among 202 migrant households and in-depth interviews with 8 of them and some key informants. The findings were analysed largely based on the Push-Pull theory and New Economics of Labour Migration Theory. The findings of the study indicate that an overwhelming majority of migrant households reported an improved welfare as a result of having a migrant in their household who have moved away to other communities during the last 10 years and have been away for the last six months or are expected be away for six months or more. Majority of these migrants sent remittances back to their families left behind, either in the form of cash or goods. More males migrate than females,which is consistent with the general tendency for males to migrate more than females. The age category with the highest proportion of migrants was 30-39 years. Many of the migrants moved to another town or village in Ghana for work-related reasons, notably job transfer, work, or seek work/better work. The migrants themselves were the main people who made the decisions to migrate followed by spouses, parents and siblings, lending support to the collective decision making within households. Also, most of the migrants had some connections or contacts at their most recent migration destinations. A lot of the migrants relied on their personal savings to finance their migration whilst others received funds from family members and banks to finance their migration. The study recommend that government should make efforts to monitor remittance flow in Ghana and also increase awareness about the importance of remittance for the national and household economy. Further, there is the need to scale up education on social attitudes and discourses about internal migration and policy initiatives on remittance management in Ghana.
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FALCO, CHIARA. "Essays on International Migration." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/95498.
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The thesis is composed by four chapters on International Migration.
The first chapter examines how the educational level attained by individuals affects their migration propensity. Using an original 2006 Ecuadorian survey, we implement a Regression Discontinuity Design and we control for potential endogeneity of the education explanatory variable with the 1977 school reform in Ecuador. We find that an increase in the educational level affects positively the migration propensity. Considering both country-specific characteristics and gender differentials, there is a positive and significant effects on the female migration propensity while no impact on male migration behavior. The results are consistent with theoretical models related to positive self-selection in response to labor market distortions.
The second chapter inquires empirically how migrants' desire to send remittances back home fosters integration at destination. Starting from a model by Stark and Dorn (2013) in which the aspiration to remit is shown to induce migrants to acquire costly host-country specific social and human capital in order to obtain higher income, we measure migrants' integration effort by social participation. Our results confirm the theoretical model.
The third chapter presents a theoretical framework to explain how cultural traits affect willingness to migrate, focusing in particular on the role played by radical Islam. In our model, more radical values imply a higher psychological cost of migrating deriving from the fact that connections with socio-religious friends and neighbors are not maintained
after migration, thus deterring individuals from migrating (Mayers, 2000). We test the prediction of the model by using micro-level data from the Arab Barometer. The results indicate that, ceteris paribus, more radical individuals are less willing to migrate. This finding is robust to alternative specifications of the model and to the use of econometric
techniques aimed at addressing the potential endogeneity of radical Islam. The result is also qualitatively unchanged when using aggregate data on actual outows of migrants.
This paper contributes to the literature on the individual-level determinants of the willingness to migrate and the cultural determinants of economic outcomes.
The fourth chapter aims to find how education is related to the probability to remit (i.e., extensive margin) and the level of remittances (i.e., intensive margin). Using the Spanish National Immigrant Survey from 2007 and selecting migrants from Ecuador. Our findings indicate that, after controlling for a wide set of individual covariates, there exists a negative association between remittances and migrants' educational level both at the extensive and intensive margin.
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Garni, Alisa Michéle. "Migration and local development in El Salvador Yucuaiquín and Masahuat, 1979-2007 /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1692843261&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Zapata, Gisela. "Migration, remittances and development : constructing Columbian migrants as transnational financial subjects." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1455.
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In recent years, remittances have been hailed as potential drivers of economic development in migrant-sending countries. Over four million Colombians (around 10% of Colombia‘s population) reside abroad and the UK is their second most favoured destination in Europe. Approximately 100,000 Colombians live and work in London and, in turn, the UK is the fourth biggest source of remittances to Colombia. In recent years, the Colombian Government has introduced policies to make their citizens abroad an integral part of a reconstituted definition of the Colombian nation. It has sought to render migrants as agents of economic development by channelling their remittances towards ‗productive investment‘. The main component of this investment is mortgage-financed housing. To this end, the government has promoted ‗Mi casa con remesas‘, a model of housing finance for people who receive remittances periodically from their family members abroad, and sponsored housing/property fairs for Colombian migrants in their main cities of destination in the global north: Madrid, London, New York and Miami. This thesis situates the Colombian government‘s narratives around the use of remittances to finance housing investment within broader discourses of development and neoliberalism and the strategies and experiences of accessing housing articulated by Colombian migrants in London and their households in the Coffee Region of Colombia. Based on empirical data collected at both ends of the migration network, it argues that the conception of migrants as agents of development – and hence as transnational financial subjects – is tightly linked to wider attempts at the institutionalisation of the transnational social field. These attempts are embedded in ideologically-driven discourses of citizenship that privilege financial markets as the medium for individuals‘ and households‘ socioeconomic reproduction. Furthermore, they displace the responsibility for economic development from the state to its citizens (at home and abroad) and bring to the fore investment as the preferred mechanism for the ‗proper‘ use of remittances and through which migrant households‘ connection to broader circuits of capital and finance can be exploited. Although housing is a growing component of remittances expenditure, for the most part, Colombians in London are not embracing their newly-assigned financial subjectivities but are instead using alternative channels for housing acquisition and financing.
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Santos, Edmiges Claudino Borges dos. "The link between remittances and and education in Cape Verde." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11601.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsIn this study I examine the impact of remittances in school attendance in Cape Verde. Using the data from a household survey carried out in Cape Verde, I found that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between remittances and education and that this relation gets stronger as the level of education increases. Poor institutions appear to be a constraint for families to fully benefit from the high potential of remittances.
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Chaudhuri, Jayasri Ray. "Inter-urban and rural-urban linkages in terms of migration and remittances." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385382.
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Unan, Elif. "International migration and migrant remittances : the case of Turkish migrants in France." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_unan.pdf.
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Cette thèse porte sur les envois de fonds des migrants vers la Turquie. La dynamique migratoire du pays et les principaux déterminants des envois de fonds sont analysés aux niveaux microéconomique et macroéconomique. L’apport de la thèse est d’exploiter deux nouvelles enquêtes réalisées en France, afin de mieux connaitre le comportement des migrants en matière d’envoi d’argent. Les migrants de première génération et ceux de deuxième génération sont étudiés séparément. Les transferts privés et les transferts collectifs sont également analysés indépendamment. Si le remboursement des prêts ne joue pas dans la décision de transférer au niveau microéconomique, l’altruisme et la motivation d’échange sont confirmés. Les transferts collectifs sont plutôt déterminés par le sentiment d’attachement au pays d’origine, l’intention de retourner et l’appartenance aux réseaux communautaires. Au niveau macroéconomique, les motifs de consommation comme ceux de l’investissement sont déterminantsThis research focuses on the migrants’ remittances to Turkey. Migration and remittances dynamics of the country and the main determinants of remittances are studied at microeconomic and macroeconomic levels. The main contribution of this thesis is the analysis of two recent surveys carried out in France in order to better understand the remitting behaviour of migrants. Thanks to detailed individual level data, different populations such as first and second generation migrants are analysed separately, as well as different types of transfers such as remittances sent to support households as opposed to collective projects. Although no evidence is found for repayment of loans hypothesis at microeconomic level, altruistic and exchange related motivations can be observed. Collective transfers are more determined by attachment to the home country, intention to return home and being member of a home country association. The results of the macroeconomic level analysis show evidence for both consumption and investment motivations
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House, Krista Lynn. "Absent ones who are always present, migration, remittances, and household survival strategies in Guatemala." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ42631.pdf.
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Martinez, Jose Navarro. "Mexican migration to the U.S. patterns and the role of remittances, networks and globalization /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3274188.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 2, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Carrasco, José Ignacio. "Economic integration and ties to origin as determinants of migrant remittances among Senegalese immigrants in Spain: a longitudinal approach." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115844.
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Background: The increased amount and diversification of migration flows to Europe are shaping new contexts forthe study of determinants of remittance-sending. Senegalese migration in Spain is one important case,because has increased its presence among other groups in the country and has different characteristics(e.g. younger age structure) compared to Senegalese migrants in Europe. This paper addresses aresearch challenge which can be framed in the three following aspects. First, it analyzes the migrant’sremittance behavior of a particular group of migrants in a specific national context. Second, itacknowledges remittances as transnational practices determined by factors related to incorporationinto host society and ties at origin. Thirdly, the paper provides a longitudinal approach which looks atmigration histories and changes in remittance-sending over time. Objective: The main objective of this paper consists on disentangling the way in which migrant’s remittancebehavior is affected by changes, over time, in individual characteristics (e.g. gender, education),economic integration, (e.g. employment status), and their ties at origin (e.g. family reunification).Thus, there are two research questions to be answered, namely: how are the trajectories of migrantremittances deployed since their arrival into Europe? And, how are these trajectories affected byindividual and family characteristics, as well as economic integration over time? Methodology: The paper is based on retrospective data from the Migration between Africa and Europe (MAFE) andthe Migrations Between Senegal and Spain (MESE) projects. The analysis of determinants ofremittance-sending is divided in two parts. First, a multivariate logistic regression which analyzes theodds of sending remittances (or logit) at any year since arrival into Europe is carried out. Secondly,event history analysis is used to explore the risk of initiating remittance-sending for the first time andthe risk of remittance-sending termination, respectively. In particular, a discrete-time logistic model isperformed to analyze these two processes. Results: Results indicate that despite having arrived relatively recently to Europe, lower educationalattainments and less access to the labour market, compared to other important destinations (e.g.France, Italy), the great majority of Senegalese migrants in Spain start sending remittances duringtheir first years of arrival. Once initiated, international money transfers are kept over time, as morethan two thirds of remitters maintain this economic flow over their stay. In this sense, empiricalevidence of this paper confirms remittances as an important aspect in South-North migration flows,both in terms of the proportion of migrants sending remittances and as a sustained transnationaleconomic practice.
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Vogiazides, Louisa. "Return migration, transnationalism and development : Social remittances of returnees from Sweden to Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77059.
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This thesis explores the effects of return migration on development through the case of returnees from Sweden to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on thirteen in-depth interviews and observation, it examines returnees’ ‘social remittances’, which consist of ideas, practices, and social capital (or social connections) that migrants bring to their countries of origin. The thesis adopts a transnational perspective highlighting returnees’ simultaneous connections in their host and home countries. It identifies various types of social remittance transfers such as ideas and practices in the areas of health, the environment and work, as well as social connections with investors, business partners, and political and academic actors in Sweden. One major finding is that returnees’ knowledge of the Swedish language, the market, work and business culture contribute to building trust with actors in Sweden, which facilitates trade and investment between the countries. The thesis also highlights a number of economic, political and personal constraints faced by returnees in their return process which, in turn, affect their capacity to transfer social remittances. It concludes that returnees can potentially contribute to development, but their contributions are largely conditioned by the existing social, economic, legal and political environment.
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Widén, Hanna. "Money walks, not talks: The role of remittances as a bridge between migration and development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-275171.
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This master thesis is a case study on the remittance corridor between South Africa and Zimbabwe. The purpose of the study was to explore and evaluate the dilemmas the remittances senders face in the migration process and how they are dealt with. This was further investigated in the connection to what possibilities the remittances sender have in the host country to increase both the own, as well as the family’s, level of development. Research about the remittance process from the remittances sender’s perspective suffers from shortcomings, a problem this study addresses. A collection of life stories helped to identify the dilemmas and trade-offs the remittances sender faces. The results show that dilemmas exist in every phase of the migration process. How well the remittances senders cope with these dilemmas, seems to be connected to their socio-economic background to a large extent. The pressure to remit affects the available possibilities in the host country to improve the remittances sender’s level of development. An exciting finding and contribution of this study is the remittances senders’ perspective on their future, whether to stay or return home. This complex dilemma, that lacks research, is so interesting that it calls for more investigation.
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Lenoel, Audrey. "Burden or empowerment? : the impact of migration and remittances on women left behind in Morocco." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681990.
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An increasing interest in gender in migration research has brought the female migrant to the forefront of debates. In contrast, the women staying in the origin communities - whose lives tend to be significantly affected by migration - have been largely neglected, or portrayed as passive remittance recipients. This thesis seeks to address this gap by examining how predominantly male labour migration affects women staying behind in Morocco. It investigates whether internal and international migration and remittances enhance women's living standards and empowerment in the household and community of origin, and whether they contribute to socio-cultural change in a traditional society. This study adopts a mixed methods research design combining the quantitative analysis of the 2006/7 Morocco Living Standard Measurement Survey (MLSS) data and the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews undertaken with fifteen women in left-behind families in a rural town of Southern Morocco (Souss-Massa Draa region). Based on the survey data, the study produces a statistical portrait of women left behind in Morocco and of their living standards. Drawing on theories challenging the unitary model of household resources allocation, it then interrogates women's access to remittances and other household resources, in light of the interview data. The analysis extends the investigation from migrants' wives to other family members, such as mothers and sisters, and reveals the significance of factors like the woman's stage in her life cycle, her kin relationship to the migrant, and the household structure and headship. The study proceeds to analyse the effects of migration on women's engagement with the larger community, with a particular emphasis on their participation in the labour market, based on both survey and qualitative interview data. The results are discussed with respect to their overall implications for women's empowerment. This thesis seeks to contribute to the debates relating to the migration development nexus, by highlighting the benefits and constraints for women from migration systems predicated on a patriarchal social order.
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Fomby, Paula. "Starting points : households of origin and Mexico-U.S. migration /." U. of Wisconsin - Madison Connect to Dissertations. Requires UW-Madison login, 2001. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Senne, Jean-Noël. "Migration, remittances and schooling decisions within the household : evidence from innovative surveys in Senegal and Madagascar." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0124.
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Cette thèse de doctorat entend proposer trois contributions originales à la littérature théorique et empirique en microéconomie du développement appliquée à l'Afrique. Les deux champs centraux qu'elle aborde sont ceux de l'économie des migrations internationales au Sénégal et de l'économie de l'éducation à Madagascar. Le chapitre 1 traite de la sélection des migrants au sein de leur ménage d'origine et tente d'identifier les principaux facteurs qui président au processus intra-ménage du choix du membre en migration. Le chapitre 2 examine les déterminants sociaux des transferts de fonds des migrants vers leur pays d'origine et analyse plus particulièrement l'influence de la pression redistributive exercée par les ménages d'origine via les réseaux migratoires dans les pays de destination sur la probabilité des transferts et les montants transférés. Le chapitre 3 évalue l'impact à court et long termes du décès d'adultes au sein du ménagé sur les décisions de scolarisation des enfants. Ces trois chapitres partagent comme caractéristique commune une approche microéconomique de la décision et des comportements chez des individus réunis au sein d'un ménage. L'originalité des données exploitées-ROR et MIDDAS -permet non seulement d'apporter un nouvel éclairage sur des questions déjà abordées par la communauté scientifique, mais également d'investir des thèmes de recherche jusqu'à présent insuffisamment explorés faute de données adaptées. Cette thèse met ainsi en évidence l'importance du croisement des disciplines, du travail de terrain et de dispositifs d'enquêtes innovants dans l'investigation de thématiques aujourd'hui à la frontière de la recherche existanteThis doctoral thesis proposes three original contributions to the theoretical and empirical literature in development economics in Africa. The two broad fields of investigation are the economics of international migration in Senegal and the economics of education in Madagascar. The first chapter deals with the issue of intra-household selection into migration and aims at identifying the key components that drive the selection of migrants within their origin household. The second chapter investigates the social determinants of remittances and analyzes the influence of the redistributive norms conveyed by the origin household through migrant networks at destination on the likelihood and amounts of remittances. The third chapter investigates the impact of adult mortality within the household on subsequent children schooling decisions over the short and long run. These three chapters ail build on a microeconomic approach of decisions and behaviors among individuals within a household. The originality of the underlying data sets -ROR and MIDDAS -allows not only to bring new insights on some issues that may have been already explored by the literature, but also to tackle issues that have been so far un-or under-explored due to a lack of appropriate data. This thesis therefore highlights the importance of inter-disciplinarity, fieldwork and innovative survey designs in the investigation of original questions at the frontier of the existing research
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Destrée, Nicolas. ""Remittances" et activité économique dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0628.
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Depuis le vingtième siècle, les flux migratoires ont augmenté entrainant des flux financiers – nommés "remittances" - partant des zones d'immigration vers celles d'émigration. Ces transferts, que les migrants envoient à leurs familles dans leur pays d'origine peuvent générer des effets opposés selon des pays. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser leurs conséquences sur le capital physique et humain dans les pays qui les reçoivent.Le premier chapitre souligne l'impact négatif de ces flux sur le stock de capital ainsi que sur l'offre de travail. Ce revenu supplémentaire durant leur dernière période de vie conduit les individus à moins travailler et moins épargner. Ces transferts peuvent rapprocher ou éloigner les économies de la règle d'or d'accumulation du capital en fonction de leurs caractéristiques. Une politique de taxation est proposée afin de maximiser le bien-être. Le second chapitre étend l'analyse à des économies ouvertes faisant face à des contraintes exogènes de crédit sur le marché international des capitaux. Il montre que les transferts réduisent les incitations des agents à épargner, mais peuvent accroitre l'investissement en capital physique dans certains pays, via les entrées de capitaux, en relâchant directement la contrainte de crédit. Le troisième chapitre développe un modèle de croissance avec accumulation de capital humain, dans lequel les agents empruntent pour s'éduquer. Les contraintes de crédit sont cette fois endogènes : les agents ne peuvent s'engager à rembourser et sont exclus du marché des capitaux en cas de défaut. Ce modèle explique que les "remittances" peuvent générer des effets positifs, dans certains pays, ou négatifs dans d'autresSince the twentieth century, migratory flows have largely increased entailing financial flows - named remittances - from immigration areas to emigration areas. These transfers that migrants send to their families in their home countries may empirically lead to positive or negative effects on physical and human capital. This thesis aims at explaining this mixed evidence in developing countries.The first chapter underlines the negative impact of remittances on capital stock but also on labour supply. Due to this additional income in their last-period of life, agents have less incentive to work and save. Remittances may bring economies closer to their golden rule of capital accumulation or further from their golden rule according to their features. A taxation policy is provided in order to maximise the welfare in the home country of the migrants. The second chapter extends the analysis to open economies facing exogenous credit constraints on the international capital market. Even if remittances reduce incentive to save, these flows may increase investment in physical capital in some countries, through capital inflows, by directly relaxing the credit constraints. The third chapter considers a growth model with human capital accumulation in which agents borrow to finance their education. Borrowing constraints are, in this non-commitment framework considered as endogenous: agents may choose to default and are excluded from the financial market in case of default. In accordance with empirical literature, this model is able to explain a negative or a positive impact of remittances on economic growth
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Kuhn-Le, Braz Mélanie. "Déterminants et usages des transferts de fonds des migrants : le cas des migrations Sud-Sud." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090060.
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Cette recherche étudie les transferts de fonds réalisés par les migrants dans le cas des migrations entre pays en développement. À l’aide de données récentes et originales portant sur divers pays d’Afrique, il cherche à i) dresser un panorama général des migrations et des transferts de fonds africains, ii) analyser l’impact des conditions de départ sur le comportement de transfert des migrants, iii) étudier les usages des transferts réalisés dans le cas de migrations forcées, et plus généralement Sud-Sud et iv) établir s’il existe des différences de comportement selon les pays de destination des migrants (pays développés ou en développement). Les résultats montrent que les conditions de départ jouent un rôle déterminant dans la décision de transférer des migrants et que les transferts de fonds Sud-Sud sont en grande partie utilisés pour financer des dépenses courantes. Ils révèlent également que les comportements de transfert des migrants Sud-Sud et Sud-Nord diffèrent légèrementThe objective of this research is to analyze South-South remittances, i.e. remittances made between developing countries. With recent and original survey data on African countries, its purpose is to i) establish an overview of African migration and remittances, ii) analyze the impact of departure conditions on the migrants’ remittance behavior, iii) study remittance used in the case of forced migration, and more generally in the case of South-South migration and iv) analyze if remittance behavior of South-South migrants differs from those of South-North migrants. Results show that departure conditions play an important role in the migrant’s decision to remit. They also highlight that South-South remittances are largely used to finance consumption expenditures. Finally, results reveal that South-South and South-North migrants behave slightly differently in terms of remittances
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Bilal, Gassoum K. "The impact of government policies on the remittances of Sudanese emigrants during the period 1970-1996 : a case study of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311292.
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Kliukina, Sofia. "Engaging Diaspora in Homeland Development : A Case Study of Tajik Diaspora in Russia." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95914.
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Policy makers in the global development industry in the past two decades have shown increasing interest in engaging diasporas in homeland development. This research aims to address the gap of searching for better practices of engaging diaspora in homeland development, using the case of Tajik diaspora in Russia. The research objective is to identify the most promising areas to effectively engage Tajik diaspora in Russia in homeland development. The research adheres to abductive logic of enquiry, and uses qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews conducted remotely with representatives of Tajik diaspora organizations and Tajik diaspora members in three major Russian cities (Moscow, St Petersburg and Yekaterinburg). The study uses structuration theory as a theoretical framework to conceptualize diaspora organizations and their practices. For analysing data, pragmatic, administrative, centralized and decentralised approaches to diaspora engagement in homeland development are used as an analytical framework. The scope of this study is not able to generate representative results, but drawn conclusions provide basis for further research. The combination of the theoretical and analytical framework applied within this study allowed to identify gaps between existing diaspora engagement strategy and the actual capabilities present in the diaspora. This study indicates that the most promising areas for effectively engaging Tajik diaspora in Russia in homeland development is bridging said gaps by institutionalizing existing development practices through a decentralized pragmatic approach. The analysis also argues that diversifying channels of administrative approach to diaspora engagement and scaling down the projects to the local level could maximize effectiveness of diaspora engagement strategy.
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Karlíková, Aneta. "Migrační politika EU: Přispívá migrace k rozvoji třetích zemí?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197225.
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Migration is generally considered a problem or at least a negative phenomenon. However, it is considered rather positively in this thesis. I attempt to answer a question whether migration contributes to the development of the countries of origin. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the positive and the negative impacts of migration and remittances on selected countries and to evaluate measures that contribute to a maximization of the positive impacts and a minimization of the negative impacts of migration on development.The first chapter presents the theoretical concept of the impacts of migration and remittances on development. In the second chapter I examine the specific effects of migration and the third chapter summarizes the measures maximizing the positive impacts and minimizing the negative effects of migration on development in the "optimization model of the impacts of migration and remittances on development."
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Hove, Tsitsi T. "International migration and poverty alleviation: Understanding how remittances help in alleviating poverty in Zimbabwean households. A case study of Epworth, Zimbabwe." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7741.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)Over the past years, Zimbabwe has witnessed enormous amounts of economic challenges which have forced many to migrate out of the country in search of better living conditions and employment. The money and goods sent by migrant workers to their families have become very important in alleviating poverty in Zimbabwean households. However, there are a few studies that have been conducted at a household level to explore the role of remittances in alleviating poverty in Zimbabwe. This research examines the role that remittances play in alleviating poverty at a household level in Zimbabwe by using a case study of Epworth remittance-receiving households in Zimbabwe. The main objective of this research is to explore how the remittances sent to the poor households increase their income level and human capital in order to reduce their poverty level. The research mainly focuses on the New Economics of Labour Migration Theory (NELM) to understand the meaning of international migration and its link to remittances. A qualitative research method was used to provide experiences of the households who receive remittances. The information was collected through one on one interviews which were conducted in Epworth to 14 participants who received remittances and one focus group discussion with 6 participants. The study found out that majority of households in Epworth that receive remittances depend solely on the money sent to them by their loved ones, which help them meet their basic needs such as food, clothes and proper sanitation. The qualitative data analysis also showed that the remittances sent to the families increase human capital through the payment of school and hospital fees. However, the participants that were interviewed highlighted that they faced challenges of accessing cash remittances, especially through formal channels. It was established that the majority of households prefer using informal channels to receive their cash because of the presence of long queues at the banks and shortage of hard cash. Policymakers in Zimbabwe need to come up with strategies that will allow easy access to remittances and also encourage migrants to use formal channels which are safe and accountable.
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Abdou, Katibou. "Les migrations comoriennes en France : institutions, caractéristiques, déterminants et effets économiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010009.
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Les estimations montrent qu'entre 80 000 et 200 000 ressortissants comoriens vivent à l'étranger, particulièrement en France métropolitaine (95 %). Ces travailleurs migrants transfèrent une bonne partie de leurs revenus dans leur pays d'origine. Il en résulte que l'Union des Comores est l'un des pays les plus fortement dépendants des flux de transferts des migrants. Entre 2000 et 2010, la richesse transférée aux pays par ces derniers représente en moyenne 20, 50 % du PIB total du pays. Le présent travail de recherche se propose d'étudier ces mouvements migratoires et leurs effets économiques limités aux transferts de fonds. Nous commençons par une mise en contexte indispensable à la compréhension de ces flux humains. L'étude révèle que les contextes économiques, politiques et socioculturels qui caractérisent les Comores sont propices aux migrations internationales. Après une brève revue de la littérature économique portant sur ce sujet, nous analyserons plusieurs aspects (caractéristiques, déterminants, etc.) des migrations comoriennes en France. Il en ressort que ces flux migratoires sont généralement préparés dans un cadre familial et sont principalement motivés par des raisons économiques. Enfin, nous aborderons les questions relatives aux transferts de fonds des migrants. L'analyse montre que ces flux monétaires croissent d'une décennie à une autre et constituent la principale source d'entrée de devise pour les Comores. Par ailleurs, les régressions empiriques semblent indiquer que ces flux financiers sont principalement déterminés par les normes socioculturelles des Comores approximées par le coût du Mariage coutumier « Grand- Mariage »Estimates suggest that between 80 000 and 200 000 Comorian citizens living abroad, particularly in metropolitan France ( 95 %). They remit a big portion of their income to their home country. It follows that, the Comoros Islands is one of the most strongly dependent countries on remittances. Between 2000 and 2010, the wealth transferred to the home country by Comorian Diaspora represents on average 20, 50 % of the total GDP of the Comoros. The present research aims to study these migration movements and its economic effects limited to remittances. We begin to explain the Comorian contexts. The study reveals that the economic, political and cultural environments, which characterize this country, are conductive to international migrations. After a brief review of the economic literature on this topic, we show analyze several aspects (characteristics, determinants, etc.) of Comorian migrations in France. It appears that these migration flows are generally prepared in a family context and are primarily motivated by economic reasons. Finally, we show approach the questions about remittances. The analysis shows that these cash flows grow a decade to another and constitute the main source of entrance of currency for the Comoros. On the other hand, empirical regressions seem to indicate that these financial flows are mainly determined by the cultural norms of the Comoros, approximated by the cost of the Anda wedding ceremonies
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Le, Goff Maëlan. "Migrant remittances, foreign aid and development of recipient countries." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10398.
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Cette thèse de doctorat étudie les effets des envois de fonds issus des migrations sur le développement des pays d’origine des migrants et compare ces effets avec ceux de l’aide publique au développement. Dans une première partie, nous étudions les effets des envois de fonds des migrants sur le développement des pays récipiendaires. Il apparaît que les envois de fonds réduisent les inégalités intra-Pays dans les pays relativement plus riches, dont les coûts d’émigration sont faibles et dont la part des émigrés qualifiés est peu importante (Chapitre 1). L’effet sur la croissance économique en Afrique sub-Saharienne est également non-Linéaire et dépend positivement du développement financier et institutionnel des pays récipiendaires (Chapitre 2). Enfin, les envois de fonds ont un effet d’appréciation sur le taux de change réel dans les pays CFA, mais cet effet est non significatif pour les pays à régime de change flexible (Chapitre 3). Dans une seconde partie nous nous intéressons au caractère stabilisateur des transferts des migrants. Le Chapitre 4 montre, au niveau microéconomique, que les envois de fonds ont joué un rôle d’assurance lors de la dernière crise financière et que ce rôle a été d’autant plus important que les migrants n’ont pas été sévèrement touchés par la crise et que les liens conservés avec le pays d’origine étaient forts. Le Chapitre 5 montre à partir d’une approche pays par pays que les transferts sont contra-Cycliques dans une minorité de cas, mais qu’en moyenne, ils répondent négativement au revenu des pays d’origine. Les résultats du Chapitre 6 indiquent que les transferts atténuent l’effet négatif des chocs commerciaux sur la pauvreté. Dans une troisième et dernière partie nous comparons les envois de fonds { l’aide publique au développement. Alors que l’aide permet d’atténuer l’effet négatif de l’instabilité des exportations sur la croissance, les transferts des migrants permettent d’amoindrir l’effet négatif de l’instabilité des exportations sur la pauvreté (Chapitre 7). Enfin, les envois de fonds diminuent la dépendance des pays { l’aide publique au développement lorsque ces flux de capitaux sont investis plutôt que consommés (Chapitre 8)This dissertation examines the effects of migrant remittances on the development of origin countries and compares these effects with those of official development aid. In a first part we investigate the effects of remittances on the development of recipient countries. Results suggest that remittances reduce within inequality in countries more developed, where migration cost are lower and the share of skilled migrants less important (Chapter 1). Their impact on growth in sub-Saharan Africa is also non-Linear and depends positively on the financial and institutional development of recipient economies (Chapter 2). Finally, remittances have a real exchange appreciation effect in CFA countries, but not in countries with a flexible exchange rate regime (Chapter 3). In a second part we focus on the stabilizing impact of remittances. Chapter 4 shows, at the microeconomic level, that remittances have played an insurance role during the last financial crisis and that this role was all the more acute that migrants have not strongly suffered from the crisis and that family links were strong. Chapter 5 suggests in a country-By-Country approach that remittances are pro-Cyclical in a higher number of cases, while on average, they respond negatively to the home country income. Chapter 6 findings show that remittances dampen the harmful impact of trade instability on poverty. In a third part, we compare migrant remittances with public aid. While public aid mitigates the harmful impact of export instability on output growth, migrant remittances dampen the harmful effect of export instability on poverty (Chapter 7). Finally, migrant remittances reduce aid dependency in countries where remittances are invested rather than consumed (Chapter 8)
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Hernandez-Hernandez, Emilio. "The Impact of Access to Conditional Cash Transfers and Remittances on Credit Markets: Evidence from Nicaragua and Bangladesh." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245086822.
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Alkarp, Lars Jesper. "Establishing a Culture of Migration : The Spatial, Economic, and Social Planning of Philippine-Korean Labour Migration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-343257.
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Since the second half of the 20th century the Philippines have supplied the world with migrant workers. Today, almost one tenth of the population is residing abroad. Labour migration has become an important source of revenue to both state and private actors through remittances, for the Philippines, and a source of cheap labour battling labour shortage, in the receiving countries. Today, the global labour market is a distinct and important part of what we call globalisation. This is portrayed in this thesis through the lens of Philippine-Korean labour migration. The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the emergence of migrants as a commodity for export, the institutionalised creation of migrants, the normalisation of labour migration, and containment of migrants through legal and spatial constraints, in Manila and in Seoul. This thesis look at the ways in which labour migration, as an economic policy, is internalised and transformed into a culture of migration. I argue that the effects of a culture of migration is felt not just by the labour migrants themselves, but also by their families and by the Philippines as a whole. As such, the reliance on remittances as a source of income has transformed domestic and global infrastructures as well as norms and social behaviour. Moreover, this thesis aims to add to the discussion on migration and remittances by exploring social dimensions and consequences of the globalisation of the labour market.
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Bueno, Rojas Javier Mauricio. "Migrações, remessas e reincorporação politica na Colombia." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279481.
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Orientador: Valeriano Mendes Ferreira CostaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T08:11:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BuenoRojas_JavierMauricio_M.pdf: 1103937 bytes, checksum: 00b079fc9d0b0ffed010eff55dd34488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A interconexão permanente dos migrantes com seus países de origem é a característica diferencial dos deslocamentos internacionais contemporâneos. Este trabalho focaliza duas manifestações dessa particularidade que emergem de maneira simultânea na América Latina: o crescimento das transferências de dinheiro que os migrantes enviam a seus países de origem (remessas) e a mudança de atitude destes estados emissores de população, ao outorgarem direitos e elaborarem programas para reintegrar seus deslocados aos respectivos projetos nacionais. Através de uma recopilação de dados demográficos e cifras sobre o comportamento das remessas, os dois primeiros capítulos dão conta da evolução volumétrica dos fluxos populacionais e monetários na região da América Latina e o Caribe desde 1990. Uma síntese bibliográfica de alguns estudos de caso elaborados em torno da influência desse dinheiro nas economias receptoras é apresentada no segundo capítulo. Os três capítulos subseqüentes examinam o contexto particular colombiano em termos de saídas de pessoas e entradas de dinheiro no País na última década do século XX. O quarto capítulo é um levantamento documental das medidas que as instituições colombianas têm intensificado para se aproximar de seus emigrados nos últimos quinze anos, outorgando-lhes direitos e incluindo-os em suas agendas políticas e sociais. Por último, discute-se quais são as implicações políticas e repercussões institucionais na prática do circuito migração ¿remessas ¿ re-incorporação
Abstract: The permanent interconnection of the migrants with its native countries is the distinguishing characteristic of the international dispIacements in the contemporary age. This work focuses on two manifestations of this particularitity that emerge simultaneously in Latin America: the growth of the money transferences that the migrants send its native countries (remittances) and the change of attitude of these emitting states, granting rights and elaborating programs to reintegrate disIocated peopIe to its respective national projects. Through a recopilation of demographic data and ciphers on the behavior of the remittances, the two first chapters give an account of the volumetric evolution of the population and monetary flows in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean since 1990. A bibliographical synthesis of some studies of case around the influence of this money in the receiving economies is presented in the chapter three. The three subsequent chapters examine the Colombian particular context in terms of exits of peopIe and money entrances in the country in the Iast decade of century XX. The next chapter is a documentary survey of the measures that the Colombian institutions have impIemented to attract its emigrated in the Iast fifteen years, granting them rights and including them in its social agendas. Finally, we discuss the political implications of the circuit: migration - remittances - re-incorporation
Mestrado
Ciencia Politica
Mestre em Ciência Política
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Blessing, Mushiarhamina. "Migration and Development : A case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151297.
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Sweden is a developed country whereas DRC is a developing country, and both are countries of migration and immigration. Taking these two countries as a case study in migration and development brings out a better understanding that good labour migration policy facilitates all actors to realize the benefits of migrant workers through labour and remittances. DRC’s paradoxical natural resources attract many international migrants. But it faces political and economic instability which are considered as push factors for Congolese migrants to leave their country and look for asylum, and economic betterment in Africa and beyond, especially in industrialised countries. DRC is one of the richest nations in the world with about 1,100 diverse kinds of minerals, and yet it is still one of the poorest countries in the world. Using qualitative method based on historical approach, findings show that migrant workers are workforces and they contribute to economic development in both sending and receiving countries through their labour and remittances sent back home. But these findings are contested, and they bring out debate and discussions.
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Nzabamwita, Jonas. "Exploring the link between international migration and remittances: a case study of African immigrants in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4984.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)Remittances from South Africa to other African countries have been a growing phenomenon over the past few years. A substantial proportion of such flow is informal and yet, the complexity and heterogeneity of migrants mean that relatively very little is known about which migrants remit, what they remit, how much and how, what the challenges are and how their remittance behaviour varies according to nationality. Using the case study of African immigrants in Cape Town, South Africa, this study sets out to explore the nexus between international migration and remittances, in particular the relationship between migrants' characteristics and remittance behaviour. This study is anchored around the international migration system theory, prospect theory and the social capital theory. The methodological approach is both quantitative and qualitative. The information was collected from an extensive literature review, survey questionnaires administered to 83 immigrants from Zimbabwe, DRC, Rwanda and Somalia, selected using purposive and snowballing techniques, a focus group discussion with 12 participants from the case study and observations of two informal remittance sending sites. This study found that African immigrants send cash, goods and social remittances to their respective countries. Furthermore, using nationality, education and income as the key variables of characteristics of immigrants, this study revealed that economic immigrants from Zimbabwe tend to remit cash and goods more frequently, Somalis remit more socially, Rwandese send goods using formal courier companies, while the Congolese remit through buses. In addition, educated and higher income African immigrants tend to remit formally, and more in terms of goods value and cash amount. This study further established that informal remittance systems still dominate. Beside cost, speed, safety, reliability, customer care, friendliness, trustworthiness and convenience; informal remittance operators offer flexibility through loans and the collection of remittances from regular senders at low service charges. Informal remittance systems also provide other services that attract immigrants. Formal remittance systems on the other hand, have no strong appeal for African immigrants, especially the less educated remitting in rural areas due to low coverage. They are also bureaucratic burdens, by requiring proof of income, and address as well as documentations that immigrants are not able to produce. In addition, the challenges related to the South African money transfer policy environment, the registration and licensing of Money Transfer operators drives remittances further underground. Within the context of remittances, the researcher recommended the measures needed to bolster the use of formal systems, this ranged from the government's relaxation of remitting requirements and licensing conditions, formal remittance operators' extension of their reach, provision of better information about their services and reduction in transfer cost, to informal remittance providers pooling their resources together in order to have a strong capital base that can be easily legitimized.
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Zlate, Andrei. "Offshore Production, Labor Migration and the Macroeconomy." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/916.
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Thesis advisor: Fabio GhironiIn Chapter 1, I analyze the cross-country transmission of business cycles when firms relocate production abroad, at locations with lower labor costs. In the model, I distinguish between fluctuations in the number of offshoring firms (the extensive margin) and the value added per offshoring firm (the intensive margin) as separate transmission mechanisms. Firms are heterogeneous in labor productivity. They face a sunk entry cost at home and an additional fixed cost to produce offshore. The model replicates the extensive and intensive margin dynamics that I document for Mexico's maquiladora sector. Offshoring enhances the co-movement of output between the countries involved. Offshoring also reduces price dispersion across countries, because it dampens the real exchange rate appreciation that follows improvements in domestic productivity. In Chapter 2, I estimate the conditional correlations and impulse responses of three indicators of offshoring to Mexico (total value added, value added per plant, and the number of plants) for U.S. permanent technology shocks. Using data from U.S. manufacturing and Mexico's maquiladora sector, I identify U.S. permanent technology shocks in a structural VAR model with long-run restrictions. Following a positive shock, offshore production in Mexico exhibits an immediate increase along its intensive margin, but returns to its initial level over time. The extensive margin does not adjust on impact, but increases gradually towards a permanently higher level. The model of offshoring in Chapter 1 matches qualitatively the business cycle dynamics of offshoring to Mexico. In Chapter 3 (co-authored with Federico Mandelman), we analyze the dynamics of labor migration and the insurance role of remittances in a two-country, real business cycle framework. Emigration increases with the expected stream of future wage gains, and is dampened by the sunk cost reflecting border enforcement. During booms in the destination economy, the scarcity of established immigrants enhances the volatility of the immigrant wage and remittances. The welfare gain from the inflow of unskilled labor increases with the complementarity between skilled and unskilled labor, and with the share of the skilled among native labor. The model matches the cyclical dynamics of the unskilled immigration into the U.S. and remittances sent back to Mexico
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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KATO, Mariko. "THE ROLE OF MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES IN A GROWING ECONOMY: PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL CLASSES IN RURAL INDIA AND BIHAR." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16672.
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