Journal articles on the topic 'Migrant worker programme'
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Choi, Alex H. "The politics of consent in the casino economy." Asian Education and Development Studies 5, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 408–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-01-2016-0002.
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Purpose Accompanying the casino liberalization in Macau has been the massive increase in the importation of migrant workers to drive the labour-intensive, service-oriented economic growth there. Nevertheless, the employment of migrant workers has become an intensely contentious issue. The traditional pluralist approach to migration policy has highlighted a mismatch between restrictive policy pronouncements and actual expansive outcomes. This mismatch has resonated strongly in Macau, where the number of migrant workers skyrocketed in the last decade in spite of repeated guarantees from the government of the adoption of a protectionist labour policy. The pluralist approach has attributed the mismatch to strong constituencies supporting more immigration. The purpose of this paper is to dispute this and maintain that the Macau Government is a capitalist state committed to increasing labour importation to facilitate wealth accumulation. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a qualitative approach based on extensive research of news and media reports, facilitated by a close observation of political developments. Findings The Macau Government started, in 2005, to talk about reforming its labour importation programme by adding a migrant worker levy, a ratio mechanism and a six-month waiting period. This paper investigates how the capitalist state navigated the reform process by promising changes and building consent with the working classes. The author maintains that “a game of protection” has been constructed and played to secure the consent of the local working classes for the migrant worker programme. Originality/value Very little literature is available that has studied the changes made to the migrant worker system in Macau. This paper will help to close this gap.
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Arisman, Arisman, and Ratnawati Kusuma Jaya. "Labour migration in ASEAN: Indonesian migrant workers in Johor Bahru, Malaysia." Asian Education and Development Studies 10, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-02-2019-0034.
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PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explain and share about labour migration for employment purposes issues from the perspective of a sending and receiving country in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Indonesia; sending state and Malaysia; receiving state) on managing the international labour migration between the two countries.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopting “mixed methods”, mixing of quantitative and qualitative data within a single investigation or sustained programme of inquiry. The activity includes collecting primary data in two countries. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to migrant workers in the receiving states and used indepth interview to 10 stakeholders in the sending states.FindingsThe protection of migrant workers in Johor Bahru is still weak. The graph shows that Indonesian migrant workers in Johor mostly have their documents kept by their employer. Fisheries sector has the highest percentage of workers whose documents are retained by the employer. Meanwhile the sector in which the worker mostly do not get a weekly one day off is the domestic worker. Overall, this means that Malaysia has to put more attention on the existing regulation in order to create a more comfortable working environment.Originality/valueThis paper observe three parameters such as working hour, who keep the passport of the Indonesian migrant workers and weekly one day off relate to working condition of Indonesian migrant workers.
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Callon, Emma. "Unbalanced Scales of Global Capitalism: Analyzing Temporary Foreign Worker Programs in Canada." Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology 5, no. 1 (August 2, 2016): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc.v5i1.3742.
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This article analyzes several characteristics of two of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Programs (TFWPs): The Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) and the Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). First, I consider the social and economic contexts in which these programs have emerged. Second, I discuss how these programs maintain racial and gendered hierarchies. Third, I problematize the relationship TFWPs have with citizenship status, as well as critique TFWPs as a long-term solution to Canadian labour shortages. Last, I discuss the potential benefits of these TFWPs and suggest alternatives and potential improvements to the programs. Using a Marxist framework, this analysis situates Canada’s TFWPs within the broader political economy and argues that global capitalism and the state interact to serve the people and economies of the Global North at the expense of migrant workers from the Global South. Cet article examine deux programmes des travailleurs étrangers temporaires (PTET) du Canada: le Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers (PTAS) et le Programme concernant les aides familiaux résidants (PAFR). Cet essai examine plusieurs aspects des PTET. Premièrement, je tiens compte du contexte social et économique dans lequel ces programmes sont apparus. Deuxièmement, j’explique comment ces programmes maintiennent une hiérarchie basée sur la race et le sexe. Troisièmement, je pose le problème des relations entre les PTET et le statut de citoyen, et je formule également une critique du PTET comme solution à long terme à la pénurie de main-d’œuvre canadienne. Enfin, je discute des avantages potentiels de ces PTET et propose des solutions de rechange et des façons d’améliorer les programmes. À l’aide d’un cadre d’analyse marxiste, les PTET du Canada sont évalués globalement dans le contexte de l’économie politique et il est proposé que le capitalisme mondial et l’État interagissent au service des citoyens et des économies de l’hémisphère nord, au détriment des travailleurs migrants en provenance de l’hémisphère sud.
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Cundal, Kerry, and Brian Seaman. "Canada’s temporary foreign worker programme: A discussion of human rights issues." MIGRATION LETTERS 9, no. 3 (October 28, 2012): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v9i3.92.
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Canada, like many other developed countries, has implemented a temporary foreign workers’ programme, ostensibly to address temporary labour shortages within its domestic labour market. However, there is growing evidence of the programme being used to meet longer-term labour demands, with low-skilled migrant workers being marginalized into low paying service industry jobs and manual labour in the construction and manufacturing industries. Furthermore, there is evidence of these marginalized workers suffering human rights abuses and economic exploitation. This paper discusses some of these problems and presents a case for legislative reform.
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Stokes, Lauren. "‘An Invasion of Guest Worker Children’: Welfare Reform and the Stigmatisation of Family Migration in West Germany." Contemporary European History 28, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 372–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777319000043.
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AbstractThis article examines the effects of the 1974 child allowance reform on guest worker families in West Germany. As part of a wider reform, West Germany implemented a two-tiered system of child allowances whereby migrant parents received more money for children who lived in the European Economic Community (EEC) than for children who lived outside the EEC. Migrants protested the reform and with it the assumptions of the guest worker programme. However, these parents had to contend with a popular narrative whereby foreign parents who brought their children to West Germany after the reform were in fact irresponsible ‘welfare migrants’ who placed their desire for financial gain over their children's need for a stable environment. The idea that this specific welfare reform had been the trigger for large-scale family migration not only discouraged further investigation of the causes of family migration but was also used to support new restrictions on that migration.
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CECIL, R. G., and G. E. EBANKS. "The Caribbean Migrant Farm Worker Programme in Ontario: Seasonal Expansion of West Indian Economic Spaces." International Migration 30, no. 1 (January 1992): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1992.tb00674.x.
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Bellatin, Alejandra, Azana Hyder, Sampreeth Rao, Peter Chengming Zhang, and Anita M. McGahan. "Overcoming vaccine deployment challenges among the hardest to reach: lessons from polio elimination in India." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 4 (April 2021): e005125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005125.
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After more than 30 years of efforts to eliminate polio, India was certified polio free by WHO in 2014. The final years prior to polio elimination were characterised by concentrated efforts to vaccinate hard-to-reach groups in the state of Uttar Pradesh, including migrant workers, religious minority Muslims and impoverished communities with poor pre-existing social support systems. This article aims to describe the management strategies employed by India to improve the deployment and acceptance of vaccines among hard-to-reach groups in Uttar Pradesh in the final years prior to polio elimination.Three main management principles contributed to polio elimination among the hardest to reach in Uttar Pradesh: bundling of health services, local stakeholder engagement and accountability mechanisms for public health initiatives. In an effort to market the polio campaign as an authentic health-oriented programme, vaccine acceptance was improved by packaging other basic healthcare services such as routine check-ups and essential medications. India also prioritised local stakeholder engagement by using influential community leaders to reach vaccine hesitant groups. Lastly, the accountability mechanisms developed between non-profit organisations and decision-makers in the field ensured accurate reporting and identified deficiencies in healthcare worker training. The lessons learnt from India’s polio vaccination programme have important implications for the implementation of future mass vaccination initiatives, particularly when trying to reach vulnerable communities.
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Low, Choo Chin. "Back for Good." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 177, no. 2-3 (July 9, 2021): 344–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-bja10030.
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Abstract This article suggests that legalization and amnesty programmes have not been able to reduce undocumented migration in Malaysia for two reasons. First, the programmes merely serve as a registration tool that provides foreign workers with short-term work permits and as a surveillance tool to keep track of foreign workers. Second, the temporary work permits granted are no substitute for a migrant-labour management policy in addressing the acute shortage of low-skilled workers. Despite the introduction of these programmes, undocumented migrants have continued to exist because employers prefer to hire undocumented workers in their ‘race to the bottom’ in terms of costs, and the workers are dependent on their employers and agents as the gatekeepers of their legal immigration status. In 2016 and 2019, the Malaysian government introduced two reforms to its legalization and amnesty programmes: it eliminated outsourcing of the process in the Rehiring Programme (2016) and barred repatriated migrants from re-entering the country under the Back for Good amnesty programme (2019). Though these reforms have partially addressed the limitations of the previous programmes, they have not addressed the root cause of migrant labourers working without proper documentation.
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Goh, Maree. "Exploring the role of cultural support workers in the New Zealand healthcare setting." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 30, no. 2 (August 26, 2018): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol30iss2id453.
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INTRODUCTION: The introduction of the community health worker (CHW), or cultural support worker (CSW) as they are more commonly known in Aotearoa New Zealand, is being increasingly seen as an effective strategy to engage with migrant communities and improve health outcomes. With specific cultural knowledge and understanding, CSWs act as a bridge between their ethnic community and healthcare services to improve cross-cultural interactions in the healthcare setting. As Aotearoa New Zealand becomes increasingly ethnically and linguistically diverse, the use of CSWs will become an integral part of the delivery of healthcare services. However, very little is currently known about the needs of these workers – the challenges of the role; their needs for appropriate training, support and supervision; and, how these can be met.METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five CSWs employed in healthcare settings across the Auckland region. Interviews explored the experiences of CSWs, current training opportunities, availability of support and supervision, and future directions. Data were collected and a process of thematic analysis was used to identify key themes.FINDINGS: Key issues identified from the study included the importance of cultural understanding in establishing rapport between health provider and health service users; the lack of a standardised and recognised role description; no specific training programme; and, limited professional development opportunities.CONCLUSION: This study identified significant challenges for the CSW role but also describes a workforce committed to developing the role and optimistic about their ability to make a positive difference within the healthcare setting.
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Regmi, Pramod R., Nirmal Aryal, Edwin van Teijlingen, Padam Simkhada, and Pratik Adhikary. "Nepali Migrant Workers and the Need for Pre-departure Training on Mental Health: A Qualitative Study." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 22, no. 5 (December 18, 2019): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-019-00960-z.
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AbstractEvery year around 1000 Nepali migrant workers die abroad. Every one in three females and one in ten males commit suicide, reflecting a high mental health risk among Nepali migrant workers. This study aims to identify triggers of mental ill-health among Nepali migrant workers and their perceptions on the need of mental health components in the pre-departure orientation programme. We conducted five focus group discussions (FGD) and seven in-depth interviews with Nepali migrant workers and eight semi-structured interviews with stakeholders working for migrants. Participants were invited at Kathmandu’s international airport on return from abroad, at hotels or bus stations near the airport, through organisations working for migrants, and participants’ network. All FGD and interviews were conducted in Kathmandu and audio recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Data were analyzed thematically. High expectations from families back home, an unfair treatment at work, poor arrangements of accommodation, loneliness and poor social life abroad were frequently reported factors for poor mental health. Access to mental health services abroad by Nepali migrant was also poor. We found little on mental health in the pre-departure orientation. We need to improve our knowledge of mental health risks to provide better, more focused and more up-to-date pre-departure training to new migrant workers leaving Nepal.
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McAreavy, Ruth. "Seasonal worker schemes: can they achieve social." Europa XXI 37 (2019): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2019.37.3.
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Seasonal workers are increasingly being used globally to provide a short-term workforce, filling positions in the labour market that are often difficult, dirty and shunned by native born workers. Seasonal schemes are promoted in typically economic terms, offering a triple win where the host society gains from flexible labour; the sending country benefits from remittances and skill transfers; and migrants themselves gain from access to the labour market. However, they have been found to support the uneven economic participation of workers in global production processes and they typically marginalise workers socially. Drawing from examples elsewhere and using Nancy Fraser’s three-dimensional perspective of social justice (2005), this article examines the prospect for developing socially just seasonal work programmes. It is logical that most societies seek to promote seasonal worker schemes that allow workers to be treated according to the rules of justice. And yet, research has shown the exploitation of many different types of migrant workers. Following Fraser, the article asks to what extent recognition, redistribution and representation can be achieved through seasonal worker schemes? It identifies key issues for consideration if social justice is to be upheld.
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Zou, Mimi. "The Legal Construction of Hyper-Dependence and Hyper-Precarity in Migrant Work Relations." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 31, Issue 2 (June 1, 2015): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2015009.
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The two key concepts developed in this article, 'hyper-dependence' and 'hyper-precarity', are aimed at drawing attention to the constitutive role of immigration law in shaping certain vulnerabilities in migrants' work relations. Immigration law is not merely concerned with controlling the entry and exit of migrants, but also creates personal legal statuses - some highly precarious - that shape their employment and residence in the host state. The two 'hyper' concepts seek to elucidate the most problematic features of Temporary Migrant Worker Programmes (TMWPs) currently found in a number of advanced industrialized, liberal democratic countries. Hyper-dependence refers to a particular tie of migrant workers to their employers as a requirement of their legal status. Hyper-precarity refers to the tenuous nature, in law and practice, of these workers' entitlements to employment protection, social rights, and transition to more secure residence status. In some circumstances both hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity can combine to give rise to extremely exploitative situations for migrants at work. This article explores possible normative constraints on states' design and implementation of TMWPs. It identifies two genres of normative interventions that may respond to the legal construction of hyper-precarity and hyper-dependence: first, the international human rights framework, and second, the discourse against forms of exploitation that could be regarded as 'unfree labour'. However, it is argued that neither of the discourses poses a fundamental challenge to host states' powers to create the precarious statuses of non-citizens admitted into their territory, nor do they tackle the complex realities of migrants' work relations on a continuum of exploitation.
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Lin, Stephen, and Danièle Bélanger. "Negotiating the Social Family: Migrant Live-in Elder Care-workers in Taiwan." Asian Journal of Social Science 40, no. 3 (2012): 295–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853112x650854.
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Abstract In response to difficulties faced by families in caring for the aged, the government of Taiwan launched a foreign live-in caregiver programme in 1992. This paper draws upon literature on family, domestic work and motives for caregiving to examine how the long-term co-residence of migrant live-in elder care-workers reconfigures Taiwanese families. Our analysis, based on in-depth interviews conducted in the summer of 2009 with 20 Vietnamese migrant live-in care-workers, uses the concept of ‘social family’ to document the close emotional and quasi-familial relationships between foreign care-workers and members of Taiwanese families. Narratives shed light on the dynamics of these relationships and show the limitations of the concept. The inherent asymmetrical employer-employee power relationship remains, while workers constantly negotiate contradictory feelings and positions in the intimate sphere of the employers’ private homes. This paper emphasizes the mutual dependency that migrants experience as both workers and members of a new family. Rather than being seen as cheap, disposable labour, migrants become indispensable to the families. It is this dependency and intimacy that make them part of the family, but also continues to make them vulnerable to abuse.
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Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Pruthu Thekkur, Palanivel Chinnakali, Usha Bhatta, Basudev Pandey, and Wei-Hong Zhang. "Initiation and completion rates of isoniazid preventive therapy among people living with HIV in Far-Western Region of Nepal: a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e029058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029058.
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ObjectivesIsoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), for people living with HIV (PLHIV) is the proven and recommended intervention to avert tuberculosis (TB). In 2015, Nepal implemented 6 months of IPT for all PLHIV registered for HIV care in antiretroviral therapy (ART) centres. After programmatic implementation, there has been no systematic assessment of IPT initiation and completion rates among PLHIV. We aimed to assess IPT initiation and completion rates in the Far-Western Region (FWR) of Nepal.DesignWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using secondary data extracted from registers maintained at ART centres.SettingAll 11 ART centres in the FWR of Nepal.ParticipantsAll PLHIV registered for care between January 2016 and December 2017 in 11 ART centres.Primary outcome measuresIPT initiation and completion rates were summarised as percentages with 95% CI. Independent association between patient characteristics and non-initiation of IPT was assessed using cluster-adjusted generalised linear model (log binomial regression) and adjusted relative risk (RR) with 95% CI was calculated.ResultOf the 492 PLHIV included, 477 (97.0%) did not have active TB at registration. Among 477 without active TB, 141 (29.8%, 95% CI 25.7% to 34.1%) had been initiated on IPT and 85 (17.8%) were initiated within 3 months of registration. Of 141 initiated on IPT, 133 (94.3%, 95% CI 89.1% to 97.5%) had completed 6 months of IPT. Being more than 60 years of age (RR-1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7), migrant worker (RR-1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) and not being initiated on ART (RR-1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8) were significantly associated with IPT initiation.ConclusionsIn FWR of Nepal, three out of 10 eligible PLHIV had received IPT. Among those who have received IPT, the completion rate was good. The HIV care programme needs to explore the potential reasons for this low coverage and take context specific corrective action to fix this gap.
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Park, Young-bum. "Temporary Low-skilled Migrant Worker Program in Korea: Employment Permit Scheme." Arbor 192, no. 777 (February 28, 2016): a290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2016.777n1006.
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England, K., and B. Stiell. "“They Think You're as Stupid as Your English is”: Constructing Foreign Domestic Workers in Toronto." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 2 (February 1997): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a290195.
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In Canada, paid domestic work is often associated with (im)migrant women from a variety of countries of origin. We critically analyse Canada's foreign domestic worker programmes, noting the shifting definitions of which nationalities should participate. We note how gendered, racialised, and classed constructions of national identities infuse these programmes. We then turn to an empirical analysis of how foreign domestic workers are constructed in Toronto, where demand is the highest in Canada. In particular, we investigate how the practices of domestic worker placement agencies reinforce images about which national identities supposedly have qualities that make them best suited to certain types of domestic work. Finally, we explore how domestic workers' constructions of their occupation are interwoven with their own national identities, the (partial) internalisation of others' images of them, and how they define themselves in relation to other domestic workers.
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Nababan, Ferdinand, Suryadi Suryadi, and Matin Matin. "The evaluation of Indonesian migrant workers empowerment program at BP3TKI Serang." International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v4i1.6731.
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The process of developing, becoming self-reliant, self-supporting, and increasing the bargaining position of lower-class groups so that they can become a pressing force in society is known as community empowerment. If community empowerment program participants understand and can perform everything that has been presented in the empowerment program, the empowerment program can run effectively and efficiently. The empowerment program must be evaluated for the program's aims and objectives to be further developed, continued, or even discontinued. This research used the CIPP evaluation model developed by Huberman. The results found that the empowerment program provided many benefits for migrants workers from preventing them back to work as migrant workers abroad but it was also found that some of them go back to work as migrant workers as the business built as a result of the empowerment program did not run as expected.
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Hsu, Sara, Shiyin Jiang, and Halcott Heyward. "The Global Crisis' Impact upon China's Rural Migrants." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 39, no. 2 (June 2010): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261003900206.
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Towards the end of 2008, as the world economy slowed and export-demand declined due to the global financial crisis, news reports began to appear detailing the return of rural migrants in China to their provincial homes. It was reported that 20 million rural migrant workers were laid off, and social instability rose due to both economic hardship and to the withholding of the payment of wages. Over time, these circumstances have changed, due to both the Chinese government's fiscal stimulus package and to those programmes that have been targeted specifically at assisting the country's rural migrants. As a result, the situation for rural migrants is no longer dire; circumstances have been greatly ameliorated by proactive government policies. To confirm these results, in this paper we look both at the situation across China and briefly at a study carried out in Sichuan province.
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van Eck, Bruno Paul Stefan, and Felicia Snyman. "Social Protection Afforded to Irregular Migrant Workers: Thoughts on the Southern Africa Development Community (with Emphasis on Botswana and South Africa)." Journal of African Law 59, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 294–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185531500011x.
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AbstractThe majority of migrant workers target those countries in southern Africa that have stronger economies. Irregular migrants are in a particularly vulnerable position, and this article discusses the protection that this category of persons may expect to experience in the southern African region. It traverses the international, continental and regional instruments providing protection to irregular migrants, and considers the constitutional and legislative frameworks in relation to social protection in Botswana and South Africa. The article concludes by recommending that the broader notion of “social protection”, rather than the narrower concept of “social security”, should be emphasized. Job creation programmes are essential. It suggests that the advantages of the free movement of people in the region should be explored and encouraged. The article also supports the notion that a regional policy that seeks to balance the flow of migrants in the Southern African Development Community should be adopted.
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Totaro, Valentina, Giulia Patti, Francesco Vladimiro Segala, Renato Laforgia, Lucia Raho, Carmine Falanga, Marcella Schiavone, et al. "HIV-HCV Incidence in Low-Wage Agricultural Migrant Workers Living in Ghettos in Apulia Region, Italy: A Multicenter Cross Sectional Study." Viruses 15, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010249.
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Migrant populations are more susceptible to viral hepatitis and HIV due to the epidemiology from their country of origin or their social vulnerability when they arrive in Europe. The aims of the study are to explore the incidence of HIV and HCV in low-wage agricultural migrant workers and their knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to HIV and HCV, as well as their sexual behaviour and risk factors. As part of the mobile clinic services, we performed a screening campaign for HIV-HCV involving migrants living in three Apulian establishments. Results: Between January 2020 and April 2021, 309 migrants (n. 272, 88% male, mean age 28.5 years) were enrolled in the study. Most of the migrants interviewed (n = 297, 96%) reported a stopover in Libya during their trip to Italy. Only 0.9% (n. 3) of migrants reported having been tested for HCV, while 30.7% (n. 95) reported being tested for HIV. Furthermore, screening tests found four migrants (1.3%) to be HIV positive and nine (2.9%) to be HCV positive. The median knowledge score was 1 (IQR 0-3; maximum score: 6 points) for HCV and 3 (IQR 1-4; maximum score: 7 points) for HIV and low use of condoms was 5% (n. 16), while more than 95% show an attitude score of 5 (IQR 5-6; maximum score:6 points) on HIV-HCV education campaigns. In a multivariate analysis, being male (OR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.28–1.92), being single (OR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.20–2.03), being of low educational status (OR = 2.09; 95% CI 1.29–2.21), living in shantytowns for >12 months (OR = 1.95; 95% CI 1.25–2.55), and originating from the African continent (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.28–2.01) are significant predictors of poor knowledge on HCV. Our data show low knowledge, especially of HCV, confirming migrants as a population with a higher risk of infection. To develop education programmes, integrated care and screening among migrants could be an effective strategy, considering the high attitude toward these items shown in our study.
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Senaratna, Chamara. "Sexual abuses of left-behind children of migrant women: community-perceived vulnerabilities and barriers in prevention." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 11, no. 4 (December 14, 2015): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2014-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe hitherto unexplored issues related to sexual abuse of left-behind children of migrant women in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative study was conducted in high labour-sending districts. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with school teachers, community youth groups and members of civil organisations, and semi-structured interviews (SSIs) were conducted with community leaders, religious leaders, social workers, and primary healthcare workers. Data were analysed using content analysis, and emerging themes were mapped. Findings – Community members reported that sexual abuses of migrant women’s children, although not uncommon, are scarcely notified due to societal and institutional factors. They have a high awareness on types of sexual abuses faced by migrants’ children, extent of such abuses, and physical, emotional, and social complications of such abuses. They also reported factors that increase these children’s vulnerability to abuse. Role perceived to be played by state and non-state social institutions and authorised personnel in protecting children is inadequate, leading to low reporting and community cooperation. Practical implications – High community awareness found provides a good platform to launch culturally sensitive child protection interventions. Social implications – Findings of barriers and opportunities indicate that effective policy instruments and cogent and functional programmes interlinking all stakeholder-institutions are required to protect migrant women’s children. Originality/value – This study provided first in-depth exploration of issues related to sexual abuses of migrant women’s children in Sri Lanka and possible opportunities for community-based interventions.
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Smith, Adrian A. "RACIALIZED IN JUSTICE: THE LEGAL AND EXTRA-LEGAL STRUGGLES OF MIGRANT AGRICULTURAL WORKERS IN CANADA." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 31, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v31i2.4410.
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Considerable attention has been directed at the Supreme Court of Canada’s 2011 Fraser decision regarding the constitutional right to freedom of association of agricultural workers in Ontario. While these interventions rightly tend to chastise the Court’s ruling denying meaningful associational rights, a marked indifference exists toward the racialized dimensions of the ruling and of agricultural labour production in Canada more broadly. But an application of the insights of critical race theory, while necessary to addressing the limits of contemporary jurisprudential and scholarly legal analysis, fails to sufficiently confront the particularities of labour exploitation embedded in Canada’s temporary labour migration regime. Striving to deepen the study of racialization, labour and law in Canada, I situate the legal and extra-legal struggles of migrant agricultural workers within an anti-racist class analysis of law attentive to the ways racialization and racism infuse labour migration. The racialized class construction of migrant labour -- a “structural necessity” within agricultural production -- occurs through the imposition of politico-legal impediments organized through global capitalism and the system of national states. The analysis ends by advocating a turn away from prevailing approaches to the study and practice of labour law to a transgressive agenda concerned with openly contesting capitalist exploitation in all forms including racialized legal regulation of migrant agricultural labour. Une attention considérable a été accordée à la décision de la Cour suprême du Canada rendue en 2011 dans l’arrêt Fraser, qui portait sur le droit constitutionnel à la liberté d’association des travailleurs agricoles en Ontario. Bien que les interventions tendent à juste titre à critiquer la décision de la Cour rejetant des droits d’association significatifs, il existe une indifférence marquée à l’égard des dimensions racialisées de la décision et de la production de la main-d’œuvre agricole au Canada d’une façon générale. Cependant, bien qu’elle soit nécessaire pour aborder les limites de l’analyse juridique savante et jurisprudentielle contemporaine, l’application des idées de la théorie raciale critique ne tient pas suffisamment compte des particularités de l’exploitation de la main-d’œuvre qui fait partie intégrante du régime canadien de migration temporaire de la main-d’œuvre. Dans le but d’approfondir l’étude de la racialisation, de la main-d’œuvre et du droit au Canada, je place les luttes judiciaires et extrajudiciaires des travailleurs agricoles migrants au sein d’une analyse antiraciste du droit qui tient compte des diverses façons dont la racialisation et le racisme influencent la migration de la main-d’œuvre. La construction du travail migrant fondée sur une catégorie racialisée -- une « nécessité structurelle » dans le cadre de la production agricole -- se fait par l’imposition d’obstacles politico-juridiques organisés par le capitalisme mondial et le système des États nationaux. L’analyse se termine en préconisant l’abandon des approches actuelles relatives à l’étude et à l’exercice du droit du travail, au profit d’un programme transgressif visant à contester ouvertement l’exploitation capitaliste sous toutes ses formes, y compris la réglementation racialisée de la main-d’œuvre agricole migrante.
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Zou, Mimi. "Towards Exit and Voice: Redesigning Temporary Migrant Workers’ Programmes." Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rdctss.1724.
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Nozawa, Kazutaka, Satoshi Matsuyama, Shingo Higa, Yuji Yamamoto, and Yuko Asami. "Physician consultation rates and characteristics among workers with chronic pain or headache who participated in a behavioural change program: a retrospective database analysis using real-world healthcare data." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e056846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056846.
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ObjectiveTo assess the potential benefit of a behavioural change programme in working individuals with chronic pain or headache, in the form of increased physician consultation.DesignRetrospective observational database study.SettingMembers of employment-based healthcare insurance in Japan.ParticipantsIndividual-level data of working individuals aged <75 years from November 2019 through March 2020 were extracted from a database managed by MinaCare Co., Ltd. Included individuals had records of programme participation and chronic pain or headache (self-reported), and did not consult physicians for ≥3 months before programme participation.Outcome measuresPhysician consultation rates after participating in the programme were examined from December 2019 through March 2020, separately for chronic pain and headache. Baseline characteristics included age, pain numeric rating scale (NRS) score (for chronic pain), suspected migraine (for headache), labour productivity including absenteeism and presenteeism, and 4-month indirect costs in Japanese yen (JPY).ResultsThe baseline mean age (±SD) of 506 individuals with chronic pain was 46.8±10.1 years; that of 352 individuals with headache was 43.6±9.9 years. Of those with chronic pain, 71.4% had an NRS score≥4, and 49.7% of those with headache had suspected migraine. Overall, 11.3% and 5.4% of those with chronic pain or headache consulted physicians, respectively. The mean baseline absenteeism and presenteeism were 1.5% and 19.1% in those with chronic pain, and 1.5% and 23.0% in those with headache. The baseline indirect costs were 586 941.6 JPY and 1 060 281.6 JPY among those with chronic pain or headache, respectively.ConclusionGiven that the individuals did not regularly consult physicians before the programme despite reporting substantial symptoms, our results suggest the potential benefit of educational programmes encouraging physician consultation. Further studies are required to evaluate how to effectively implement such educational programmes via healthcare insurers to reduce the burden of pain symptoms and overall medical costs.
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Allens, David. "Green Gold Is No More." Caribbean Quilt 6, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i1.36837.
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With the collapse of the Banana industry, Gabriel was thrust into a new reality that highlights the challenges of life under the externalities of neocolonialism. Almost 10 years later, Allahdua is one of many who have endured Canada’s migrant worker programmes and is currently an advocate for change.
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Tekin, Caner. "Anti-Immigration Propaganda in the Northern League and the Freedom Party of Austria." Moving the Social 65 (August 9, 2021): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/mts.65.2021.81-100.
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Over the past two decades, populist-radical parties of Western Europe arguably re- vised their propaganda towards the rejection of Muslim migrants with gender-sen- sitive arguments. Among these parties, the Northern League (LN) and the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) achieved their electoral breakthrough thanks to their anti-mi- gration campaigns, which, inter alia, aligned peculiar gender perspectives with long- term attitudes towards ethnicity, welfare and Islam. Drawing on the LN’s and FPÖ’s election programmes, visuals and leader statements from the early 2000s, the present article discusses the common assumptions regarding the populist radical right’s dis- cursive changes towards anti-Islamism. The paper argues that the two parties in the mentioned period forged their propaganda against the rejection of Muslim migrants in religious and gender-sensitive terms, but their ethnic and class-oriented exclusions equally remained. The documents in question also revealed that these parties recent- ly softened their attitudes towards migrant caregivers to preserve traditional gender images in Austria and Italy. The LN’s and FPÖ’s long-term preoccupations with Ital- ian and Austrian women’s roles in worklife, family and reproduction are likely to bring about changes in the conceptions of female migrants in the care sector. The question still remains whether the parties began to tolerate Muslim female workers, since their propaganda, in contrast to the literature, did not suggest the acknowledgement of Muslims in any of the labour fields.
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RAO, NEETA, L. JEYASEELAN, ANNA JOY, V. SAMPATH KUMAR, M. THENMOZHI, and SMRITI ACHARYA. "FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH-RISK BEHAVIOUR AMONG MIGRANTS IN THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 5 (March 4, 2013): 627–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000047.
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SummaryStudies among migrants show that they are more susceptible to HIV infection than the general population and thereby spread the epidemic from high prevalence to low prevalence areas. It is therefore critical to enhance the body of knowledge on factors associated with condom use among migrants. This study, conducted in 2009 in the State of Maharashtra, covers 4595 single in-migrants aged 15–49 years and aims at understanding the factors associated with non-use of condoms consistently. Information was collected using a Structured Interview Schedule covering demographic, socioeconomic profile, sexual history, knowledge, behaviour and stigma and discrimination indicators. Logistic regression analysis was used to understand the association between unprotected sex and various socio-demographic and environmental factors. The models were run using the Enter method. The goodness-of-fit of the model was assessed using Hosmer and Lemeshow chi-squared statistics. A significant association is observed between sex with sex workers and older migrants (>24 years), the literate, those who are mobile, unmarried, employed in the textile, quarry and construction industries, who often consume alcohol and who watch pornographic films. The factors associated with unprotected sex are age between 30 and 34 years and no literacy. Migrants who are mobile and consume alcohol show a significant association with unprotected sex. The findings suggest a need for a comprehensive HIV prevention programme including strategies to address the stressful work conditions. The prevention programmes should focus not only on skills for safer sex practices, but also on alcohol use reduction.
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Crown, By Daniel, Alessandra Faggian, and Jonathan Corcoran. "High skilled immigration and the occupational choices of native workers: the case of Australia." Oxford Economic Papers 72, no. 3 (May 21, 2020): 585–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpaa009.
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Abstract This paper estimates the effect of a major skilled visa programme in Australia on the wages and occupation-specific skills performed by native workers. We combine data from the full population of approved Temporary Work Visa applications with the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) longitudinal survey from 2005–2015. Our findings indicate that skilled international workers increase the wages of natives, and induce native workers to specialize in occupations associated with a high intensity of communication and cognitive skills. We find no evidence of negative effects of the visa programme on the wages of high-skilled or low-skilled native workers, or on previous migrants who may be close substitutes to the skilled visa holders.
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Zhan, Yang. "The moralization of philanthropy in China: NGOs, voluntarism, and the reconfiguration of social responsibility." China Information 34, no. 1 (October 13, 2019): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x19879593.
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Neo-liberalism shifts social responsibility to individuals. The practice of neo-liberal governmentality in China confirms this worldwide trend. This is evident when government retreats from the responsibilities of providing social welfare for rural migrant workers and leaves them to privately funded philanthropy programmes. However, the Chinese case also presents an anomaly in that the shifting of responsibilities under neo-liberalism results not only in individualization, but also in mutual obligations created by moralization. This article explores philanthropy programmes in migrant settlements in contemporary Beijing within a larger neo-liberal context. It provides an ethnographic account of the moralization process informed by the culturally specific notion of aixin (爱心), or loving heart. I argue that moralization within philanthropy programmes is crucial in reconfiguring the modes of responsibility in post-socialist China. Here, social obligations and consolidation of old hierarchies and social inequalities go hand in hand with social individualization.
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Kazi, Shahnaz. "Reabsorption of Returning Workers from the Gulf: The Asian Experience." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4II (December 1, 1994): 1333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.1333-1344.
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The paper addresses the problems of the reintegration of return migrants in the context of major South Asian and South East Asian labour exporting countries to the Middle East. The discussion that follows briefly analyses the changing trends in outmigration, the socioeconomic characteristics of return migrants to the region -their skills, occupations, job preferences, region of residence, as well as the macro-level employment situation in the concerned countries. Further the study investigates to what extent the return migration is associated with skill acquisition or upgrading of skills and the pattern of utilisation by the returnees of the accumulated savings including both remittance income and the amount they bring back. The discussion is largely based on evidence provided in surveys of return migrants mostIyundertaken in the mid eighties when due to the collapse of oil prices and the subsequem cuts in the development programme of the Middle Eastern ecOD
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Consterdine, Erica, and Sahizer Samuk. "Temporary Migration Programmes: the Cause or Antidote of Migrant Worker Exploitation in UK Agriculture." Journal of International Migration and Integration 19, no. 4 (June 1, 2018): 1005–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-018-0577-x.
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Prsa, Anita. "The bodily ambiguity of social reproduction: Navigating body work in migrant eldercare." Sociologija 64, no. 4 (2022): 584–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc2204584p.
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The aim of this paper is to show the systematic relevance of corporeal features of care by drawing upon the experiences of Croatian eldercare workers employed in Austrian and German households through a live-in programme which has recently become a common way of employment for the women coming from the impoverished regions of Europe. Even when eldercare is discussed in the context of growing migration flows, its daily performance and somatic components have rarely been taken seriously enough and productively linked to the global movements. Therefore, the caregivers? experiences are analysed here by relying on the scholarship on ?body work? (activities having human body as working material), which are then contextualised within the larger socio-economic environment of neoliberalism. Since live-ins not only point to, but also ?solve? systematic contradictions in organizing eldercare (e.g., the gap between the desired image of caring environment and practical conditions) - by either covering up the empty spot left by potential providers of care or extending the quality of that care - I argue that attentiveness to the details of the bodies being worked upon is one point of departure from which micro and macro can be analysed in a close correlation to each other, providing a novel bodily insight into world economic restructuring.
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SUVARIEROL, SEMIN. "Creating Citizen-Workers through Civic Integration." Journal of Social Policy 44, no. 4 (April 22, 2015): 707–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279415000203.
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AbstractThe shift to the workfare state has brought about ways of governing welfare subjects, the practical implementation of which has often been delegated to private state agents and their street-level bureaucrats. In the neoliberal paternalist state, the words and deeds of these street-level agents become even more relevant in order to understand the impact of contemporary social policies. This article focuses on the case of migrants in the Netherlands, who are problematised in particular as (potential) welfare subjects. By analysing the civic integration programme content for migrants, it reveals the responsibilising and disciplining discourses and practices used to promote the ideal of citizen-worker. That the task of inculcating the virtues and skills demanded by neoliberal policies has been transferred to private course providers makes state ideology all-invasive. While the lack of integration and participation is linked to individual failure, the state loses its social face in the process.
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Natarajan, Nithya, Katherine Brickell, Vincent Guermond, Sabina Lawreniuk, and Laurie Parsons. "Challenging the financial inclusion-decent work nexus: evidence from Cambodia’s over-indebted internal migrants." Global Public Policy and Governance 1, no. 3 (September 2021): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43508-021-00026-7.
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AbstractIn this paper, we question the promotion of financial inclusion, and microfinance specifically, as a means to achieve ‘Decent Work’ (DW) under the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) programme. Drawing upon original research findings from two types of internal migrants in Cambodia, we make a twin contention: first, that excessive levels of microfinance borrowing by garment workers are part-outcome of the failings of the DW programme to engender ‘decent enough work’, and second, that microfinance borrowing is actually eroding rather than contributing to the prospect of decent work for debt-bonded brickmakers in the country. The data presented on two of the largest sectors contributing to Cambodia’s growth in recent decades, enable the paper to show how microfinance and labour precarity are intertwined through the over-indebtedness of workers in both cases. The paper ultimately looks to caution the ILO on its current promotion of financial inclusion and microfinance in particular, stressing the need for significant sectoral reforms before this form of credit can be considered to align with the core principles of the DW programme.
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Natarajan, Nithya, Katherine Brickell, Vincent Guermond, Sabina Lawreniuk, and Laurie Parsons. "Challenging the financial inclusion-decent work nexus: evidence from Cambodia’s over-indebted internal migrants." Global Public Policy and Governance 1, no. 3 (September 2021): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43508-021-00026-7.
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AbstractIn this paper, we question the promotion of financial inclusion, and microfinance specifically, as a means to achieve ‘Decent Work’ (DW) under the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) programme. Drawing upon original research findings from two types of internal migrants in Cambodia, we make a twin contention: first, that excessive levels of microfinance borrowing by garment workers are part-outcome of the failings of the DW programme to engender ‘decent enough work’, and second, that microfinance borrowing is actually eroding rather than contributing to the prospect of decent work for debt-bonded brickmakers in the country. The data presented on two of the largest sectors contributing to Cambodia’s growth in recent decades, enable the paper to show how microfinance and labour precarity are intertwined through the over-indebtedness of workers in both cases. The paper ultimately looks to caution the ILO on its current promotion of financial inclusion and microfinance in particular, stressing the need for significant sectoral reforms before this form of credit can be considered to align with the core principles of the DW programme.
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Moberg Stephenson, Maria, and Åsa Källström. "Constructions of young migrants’ situations in kinship care in a Swedish suburb by social workers in a non-governmental organisation mentoring programme." Qualitative Social Work 19, no. 5-6 (January 14, 2020): 901–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325019900959.
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Young migrants defined as ‘unaccompanied’ tend to be constructed as a homogeneous group with specific vulnerabilities and strengths in social work practice. ‘Unaccompanied’ young migrants placed in kinship care in Sweden are constructed with further vulnerabilities. Such constructions of these young people and their situations may have consequences for how social support for them is designed. The aim of this study is to explore how the social workers employed at a non-governmental organisation mentoring programme construct young migrants’ situations in kinship care in a Swedish suburb, and if and how these constructions change during the course of the programme. Methods used are semi-structured interviews with the social workers at the youth centre where the mentoring work takes place and analysis of the non-governmental organisation’s policy documents. The results consist of three constructions of situations the young people are in: (1) loneliness and (a lack of) support in the kinship homes; (2) alienation in the local neighbourhood and the kinship home and (3) social, cultural and family contexts creating a sense of safety. The results show variation in how the mentors describe each situation with both vulnerabilities and strengths. This highlights a complexity in the constructions that contests the image of young migrants in kinship care as merely vulnerable. These results reveal consideration of individual differences and contexts, and are used to discuss how people’s struggles and resources can be dealt with in social work.
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Arora, Monika, Stefanie Dringus, Deepika Bahl, Zoya Rizvi, Heeya Maity, Smritima Lama, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Deepak Kumar, Prairna Koul, and Shalini Bassi. "Engagement of health workers and peer educators from the National Adolescent Health Programme-Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a situational analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 21, 2022): e0266758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266758.
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Background To understand the impact of COVID-19 on implementation of the peer education programme of the National Adolescent Health Programme-Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK); repurposing of the RKSK health workers and Peer Educators (PEs) in COVID-19 response activities and effect on adolescents´ health and development issues. Methods Virtual in-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders (n = 31) (aged 15 to 54 years) engaged in the implementation of the RKSK and peer education programme at state, district, block, and village levels in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (India). These interviews were thematically coded and analysed to address the research objectives. Results Despite most peer education programme activities being stopped, delayed, or disrupted during the pandemic and subsequent lockdown, some communication networks previously established, helped facilitate public health communication regarding COVID-19 and RKSK, between health workers, PEs, and adolescents. There was repurposing of RKSK health workers and PEs’ role towards COVID-19 response-related activities. PEs, with support from health workers, were involved in disseminating COVID-19 information, maintaining migrant and quarantine records, conducting household surveys for recording COVID-19 active cases and providing essential items (grocery, sanitary napkins, etc.) to communities and adolescents. Conclusion PEs with support from community health workers are able to play a crucial role in meeting the needs of the communities during a pandemic. There is a need to further engage, involve and build the skills of PEs to support the health system. PEs can be encouraged by granting more visibility and incorporating their role more formally by paying them within the public health system in India.
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Joseph, Ebun. "Whiteness and racism: Examining the racial order in Ireland." Irish Journal of Sociology 26, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 46–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0791603517737282.
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This article analyses labour market differentials among migrants looking at the intersections of race and nationality, as well as migrants’ perception of the racial hierarchy in Ireland. Drawing on three sources of evidence including 32 semi-structured interviews with Spanish, Polish and Nigerian migrants, the Irish 2011 census, and the database of an employability programme for migrants accessing employment and training supports from 2009 to 2011 (N = 639), it unveils the racial order in Ireland and how this disadvantages Nigerian (and by extension Black African) migrants. The three sources of data are examined within a critical race theory and racial stratification framework. The article provides a comprehensive landscape of the racial dichotomy – that is, White-over-Black ascendancy – in Ireland. The centring of race in the study illuminates the Irish organisation of racial inequality; it bypasses traditional ways of presenting data on labour market differentials as these often conceal the experiences of workers at the bottom of the social strata. It reveals the implications of racial hierarchies for workers along the labour supply chain and the whiteness of the top tiers of the Irish labour market.
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Busà, Maria Grazia, Arianna Notaro, and Andrea Liotto. "LA COMUNICAZIONE NON VERBALE COME STRUMENTO DI INCLUSIONE E INTEGRAZIONE: RISULTATI DI UN QUESTIONARIO." Italiano LinguaDue 14, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 242–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2037-3597/18177.
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L’immigrazione rappresenta una sfida d’integrazione a livello locale ed internazionale e per questo negli ultimi anni sono aumentati gli interventi volti a facilitare il processo di integrazione dei cittadini di Paesi Terzi. Un’attenzione particolare viene posta a questioni di carattere linguistico, culturale e sociale. In generale, manca invece la riflessione sull’importanza del linguaggio non-verbale nella comunicazione interculturale e di come questo aggiunga una chiave di interpretazione cruciale al messaggio che viene veicolato: la mancata attenzione al non-verbale può tradursi in episodi di esclusione sociale e di stereotipizzazione che possono avere conseguenze determinanti per l’inserimento dell’individuo nella società. Si ritiene invece che una maggiore consapevolezza delle differenze nel linguaggio non-verbale esistenti tra le culture potrebbe favorire la comprensione e l’accettazione delle diversità, migliorare le relazioni personali e professionali con i migranti e favorirne l’inserimento nella società. Questo articolo presenta i risultati di un questionario creato e distribuito nell’ambito del Programma Nazionale del Fondo Asilo, Migrazione e Integrazione (FAMI) e volto a comprendere il grado di consapevolezza sul non verbale di operatori sociali a contatto con migranti provenienti da differenti realtà geografiche, sociali e religiose e a raccogliere dati utili a sviluppare un progetto che includa le dinamiche del non verbale nella formazione degli operatori che lavorano nell’ambito dell’integrazione e dell’inclusione dei migranti.
Non verbal communication as a tool for inclusion and integration: results of a questionnaire
Immigration represents a challenge for integration at local and international levels and for this reason, in recent years, there has been an increase in interventions aimed at facilitating the process of integration of third-country nationals. Particular attention is paid to linguistic, cultural and social issues. In general, however, there is a lack of reflection on the importance of non-verbal language in intercultural communication and how this adds a crucial key of interpretation to the message that is being conveyed: the lack of attention to the non-verbal can result in episodes of social exclusion and stereotyping that can have decisive consequences for the integration of the individual into society. On the other hand, it is believed that a greater awareness of the differences in non-verbal language between cultures could promote understanding and acceptance of diversity, improve personal and professional relationships with migrants and facilitate their integration into society. This article presents the results of a questionnaire created and distributed within the framework of the Programma Nazionale del Fondo Asilo, Migrazione e Integrazione (National Program of the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund) (FAMI) and is aimed at understanding the degree of awareness of non-verbal language among social workers in contact with migrants from different geographical, social and religious backgrounds, in order to collect data useful to develop a project that includes the dynamics of non-verbal language in the training of professionals working in the field of integration and inclusion of migrants.
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Scott, Sam. "Making the case for Temporary Migrant Worker Programmes: Evidence from the UK's rural guestworker (‘SAWS’) scheme." Journal of Rural Studies 40 (August 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.05.005.
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Thomas, Liz. "#Ibelong: Towards a sense of belonging in an inclusive learning environment." Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning 23, no. 3 (December 9, 2021): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5456/wpll.23.3.68.
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#Ibelong is an Erasmus+ project delivering a suite of evidence-informed interventions to improve the belonging and success of students who are first-generation entrants, from ethnic minorities or have a ‘migrant background’. The activities operate at course or programme level and involve working with both staff and students. This article provides a rationale for the #Ibelong programme of activities by drawing on relevant research and describing the three interconnected interventions: Dialogue Days, Team Teacher Reflection and Community Mentoring. The interventions were evaluated using Programme Theory evaluation tools: theory of change and logic chains. The descriptions highlight activities that have worked well, how delivery has been adapted from in-person to online delivery, and evidence of short-term benefits and medium-term outcomes. The article concludes by reflecting on how this suite of interventions could be used by other courses, universities and sectors, to improve the belonging and success of diverse students and staff.
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Busza, J., and S. Baker. "Protection and participation: an interactive programme introducing the female condom to migrant sex workers in Cambodia." AIDS Care 16, no. 4 (May 2004): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120410001683457.
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Bilquees, Faiz. "ESCAP. International Labour Migration and Remittances between the Developing ESCAP Countries and the Middle East: Trends, Issues and Policies. Bangkok: United Nations Publication, 1987.206 pp.(Development Papers No.6)." Pakistan Development Review 28, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v28i1pp.67-69.
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Development Papers No.6 is a study of remittances generated by the international migration of labour between the ESCAP region and the Middle East. It is .~ based on six-country case studies, including Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Philippines, Thailand and Korea. It is divided into four main chapters on the following themes: patterns of labour and remittance flows; impact of remittances on the domestic economics of the labour-exporting economy; labour recruitment and remittances procedures in the labour-exporting countries and the demand patterns in the labourimporting countries; policies and administrative measures of labour-exporting countries with regard to workers' protection and welfare; control of remittances, coping with a reduced demand for integrating the returned migrants; and the possibilities of co-operation between the labour-exporting and the labour-importing countries. International labour migration prior to 1970s was confmed mainly to the western European countries and the migrants came mainly from southern and eastern European countries. After the 1973 oil-price hike and subsequent accumulation of oil revenues, the Middle Eastern countries embarked on ambitious programmes of construction to accelerate economic development. Since the scale of development process was beyond the capacity of local manpower, there was a large flow of migrant labour into the Middle East, mainly from the ESCAP region. Chapter 1 describes the trends in labour-flows from the ESCAP region to different regions of the world in the earlier period, and the sharp acceleration in this flow to Middle East in the 1970s. Some aspects of the emigrating labour force have a direct impact on the domestic economic and social development process. This factor is highlighted in Section 2 of Chapter 1, which shows that although large-scale emigration relieved unemployment pressures in these countries, the exodous of semi-skilled and skilled production workers created shortages of such labour in these economies. This finding points to the need to take account of costs of training, dislocation in production and selective wage pressures while counting the benefits from labour emigration.
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Fraser, Heather, Nik Taylor, and Tania Signal. "Young people empathising with other animals: reflections on an Australian RSPCA Humane Education Program." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 29, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol29iss3id384.
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INTRODUCTION: Empathy is associated with engagement, compassion, social support and emotional sensitivity, and it is a hallmark of good social work practice. Empathy rightfully receives much attention in social work practice, however, interspecies empathy has yet to be included. This article has been written to address this gap.METHODS: Two main research questions guide our conceptual discussion of young people, interspecies empathy and social work: (1) Why is empathy important to social work with young people? (2) What can an Australian RSPCA Humane Education Programme (HEP) teach social workers about the benefits of interspecies empathy for young people? After our literature review, we examine our illustrative example, which is an HEP offered mostly to newly arrived refugee and migrant young people living in the outer suburbs of Melbourne, whose prior experiences of and/or attitudes towards animals may not have been positive. FINDINGS: Social workers are wise to prioritise empathy because extensive research has shown that, across a diverse range of fields, modes of practice in and beyond social work, empathic practitioners are more effective, achieving better outcomes with their clients. From the letters the young people sent to the RSPCA Victoria after completing an HEP, we note their self-reported increases in empathy for animals, including those they had previously feared or shunned.CONCLUSION: There are many potential benefits of recognising, fostering and valuing interspecies empathy through humane education programmes. However, for these to be ethical, care and empathy must be shown towards the wellbeing of the animals involved, not just the human participants.
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Hayward, Mark. "Good workers: television documentary, migration and the Italian nation, 1956–1964." Modern Italy 16, no. 1 (February 2011): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532941003683021.
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This paper examines a series of documentaries produced in the period between 1956 and 1964 that document the activities of Italian migrants around the world (a corpus of more than 100 films and programmes altogether). These films, which record the dedicated and laborious nature of Italians around the globe, play a double role. On the one hand, they serve as a necessary adjunct to the establishment of a ‘labour culture’ in Italy, a central aspect of the compromise between labour unrest and the demands of capital in which the figure of the worker is continually praised. At the same time, they serve to obscure and rewrite the Italian collective memory concerning the legacy of Fascist imperialism and Italian involvement in colonial expansion, in the process recasting the Italian coloniser as the ‘good worker’.
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Morrison‐Dayan, Rachel. "A viable care migration programme for Australia's ageing population: Recruiting migrant personal care workers for Australian aged care." Australian Journal of Social Issues 54, no. 4 (November 6, 2019): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.85.
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Paasche, Erlend, and May-Len Skilbrei. "Gendered vulnerability and return migration." Temida 20, no. 2 (2017): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1702149p.
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This article discusses gendered conceptions of vulnerability at play in destination states? formulation and implementation of return policies. Based on qualitative interviews in Norway with asylum reception centre personnel, social workers who work with irregular migrants, and asylum seekers whose asylum applications have been rejected, this article argues that some forms of vulnerability are more easily recognized by authorities, frontline personnel and migrants themselves. Conceptual blind spots have consequences for access to assistance and protection, and may exacerbate vulnerabilities. While return and reintegration programmes offer particular benefits for returnees considered ?vulnerable?, research by the authors has found an unwillingness to apply this label beyond female victims of human trafficking for the purpose of prostitution. The reasons for this, this article argues, are both institutional and cultural.
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Méndez, Eliana Cárdenas, and Zuemy M. Cahuich Cahuich. "Migración Circular, Gestión y Rentabilidad de la Fuerza de Trabajo: El Caso de la Comunidad Agrícola de José Narciso Rovirosa, Quintana Roo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 17, no. 27 (August 31, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n27p99.
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El propósito de este artículo es presentar las dinámicas de las nuevas formas de gestión y de apropiación de la fuerza de trabajo en el capitalismo global, tomando en cuenta la migración circular de los jornaleros agrícolas temporales de la comunidad de José Narciso Rovirosa, del Estado de Quintana Roo, que migran cíclicamente, mediante el programa de empleo temporal PTAT, a trabajar en las granjas de Canadá. Se parte de una presentación general sobre el concepto de migración circular entendida, en este trabajo, como el patrón de desplazamiento característico del capitalismo global para la maximización y rentabilidad de la fuerza de trabajo proveniente de países en desarrollo. Se afirma que los migrantes circulares encuentran en las comunidades de origen entramados económicos, sociales y políticos, que no permiten que las remesas obtenidas mediante condiciones de sobreexplotación en las granjas canadienses, se conviertan en fuente de desarrollo para la comunidad; pone en discusión la justificación para la gestión de la migración como factor de desarrollo en las comunidades de origen, se reafirma en cambio la migración como dinámica causal acumulativa que obliga a los trabajadores a buscar en la migración el único horizonte de sobrevivencia.
This paper focuses on presenting the dynamics of the new forms of management and appropriation of labour power in global capitalism. It takes into account the circular migration of temporary agricultural labourers from the community of José Narciso Rovirosa, in the state of Quintana Roo, who migrate cyclically, through the temporary employment programme PTAT to work on farms in Canada. The paper begins with a general presentation of the concept of circular migration. This study is considered as the pattern of displacement characteristic of global capitalism for the maximization and profitability of the labour force from developing countries. It is affirmed that circular migrants find in their communities of origin economic, social, and political frameworks. These frameworks do not allow remittances obtained through conditions of overexploitation in Canadian farms to become a source of development for the community. It questions the justification for the management of migration as a factor of development in the communities of origin. It also reaffirms migration as an accumulative causal dynamic that forces workers to seek migration as the only horizon of survival.
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Battistella, Graziano. "Multi-level Policy Approach in the Governance of Labour Migration: Considerations From the Philippine Experience." Asian Journal of Social Science 40, no. 4 (2012): 419–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-12341243.
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Abstract With 40 years of experience in labour migration, the Philippines has designed a comprehensive approach for its governance that other countries of origin in Asia look up to. The objectives of the migration policy consist in facilitating the employment of Filipino workers abroad and the consequent economic benefits, while ensuring safe and decent conditions for the workers, through a variety of measures, including regulating the recruitment industry, training migrants through specific programmes, supervising the terms and conditions in the labour contract, and making available a system of redress for victimised migrants. These objectives are reached through the national migration policy. However, the national policy has inherent limitations, both in terms of design, implementation and reach, as the outreach of the Philippine government while migrants are abroad is limited to diplomatic and other services. For this reason, the Philippines has engaged both in bilateral and multilateral cooperation. This paper, after presenting the development of migration from the Philippines at the three policy levels, will briefly assess the efficacy of such policies, using indicators, such as growth of migration flows and coverage, to conclude that all three levels must be pursued, with some preference for the bilateral approach within a multilateral framework.
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Zou, Huachun, Hui Xue, Xiaofang Wang, and Damien Lu. "Condom use in China: prevalence, policies, issues and barriers." Sexual Health 9, no. 1 (2012): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh11021.
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In this review, we describe condom use and its influencing factors in China, with a particular focus on the five populations that are at high risk for HIV/sexually transmissible infections (STI) infection: female sex workers, men who have sex with men, migrant workers, young people and sero-discordant couples. The risk for HIV/STI infection is high while condom use rates are low among these five populations. The 100% Condom Use Programme was successful in trial regions in increasing condom use and decreasing HIV/STI prevalence; however, long-term and routine condom promotion strategies should be in place to ensure better awareness of condom use, high availability of condoms and high rate of condom use among populations at high risk of HIV/STI infection in China. Realistic and vigorous condom-related policies and action plans should be developed and implemented to address the issues and barriers facing condom promotion in China.