Academic literature on the topic 'Migrant worker programme'
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Journal articles on the topic "Migrant worker programme"
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Choi, Alex H. "The politics of consent in the casino economy." Asian Education and Development Studies 5, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 408–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-01-2016-0002.
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Purpose Accompanying the casino liberalization in Macau has been the massive increase in the importation of migrant workers to drive the labour-intensive, service-oriented economic growth there. Nevertheless, the employment of migrant workers has become an intensely contentious issue. The traditional pluralist approach to migration policy has highlighted a mismatch between restrictive policy pronouncements and actual expansive outcomes. This mismatch has resonated strongly in Macau, where the number of migrant workers skyrocketed in the last decade in spite of repeated guarantees from the government of the adoption of a protectionist labour policy. The pluralist approach has attributed the mismatch to strong constituencies supporting more immigration. The purpose of this paper is to dispute this and maintain that the Macau Government is a capitalist state committed to increasing labour importation to facilitate wealth accumulation. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a qualitative approach based on extensive research of news and media reports, facilitated by a close observation of political developments. Findings The Macau Government started, in 2005, to talk about reforming its labour importation programme by adding a migrant worker levy, a ratio mechanism and a six-month waiting period. This paper investigates how the capitalist state navigated the reform process by promising changes and building consent with the working classes. The author maintains that “a game of protection” has been constructed and played to secure the consent of the local working classes for the migrant worker programme. Originality/value Very little literature is available that has studied the changes made to the migrant worker system in Macau. This paper will help to close this gap.
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Arisman, Arisman, and Ratnawati Kusuma Jaya. "Labour migration in ASEAN: Indonesian migrant workers in Johor Bahru, Malaysia." Asian Education and Development Studies 10, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-02-2019-0034.
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PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explain and share about labour migration for employment purposes issues from the perspective of a sending and receiving country in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Indonesia; sending state and Malaysia; receiving state) on managing the international labour migration between the two countries.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopting “mixed methods”, mixing of quantitative and qualitative data within a single investigation or sustained programme of inquiry. The activity includes collecting primary data in two countries. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to migrant workers in the receiving states and used indepth interview to 10 stakeholders in the sending states.FindingsThe protection of migrant workers in Johor Bahru is still weak. The graph shows that Indonesian migrant workers in Johor mostly have their documents kept by their employer. Fisheries sector has the highest percentage of workers whose documents are retained by the employer. Meanwhile the sector in which the worker mostly do not get a weekly one day off is the domestic worker. Overall, this means that Malaysia has to put more attention on the existing regulation in order to create a more comfortable working environment.Originality/valueThis paper observe three parameters such as working hour, who keep the passport of the Indonesian migrant workers and weekly one day off relate to working condition of Indonesian migrant workers.
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Callon, Emma. "Unbalanced Scales of Global Capitalism: Analyzing Temporary Foreign Worker Programs in Canada." Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology 5, no. 1 (August 2, 2016): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc.v5i1.3742.
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This article analyzes several characteristics of two of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Programs (TFWPs): The Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) and the Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). First, I consider the social and economic contexts in which these programs have emerged. Second, I discuss how these programs maintain racial and gendered hierarchies. Third, I problematize the relationship TFWPs have with citizenship status, as well as critique TFWPs as a long-term solution to Canadian labour shortages. Last, I discuss the potential benefits of these TFWPs and suggest alternatives and potential improvements to the programs. Using a Marxist framework, this analysis situates Canada’s TFWPs within the broader political economy and argues that global capitalism and the state interact to serve the people and economies of the Global North at the expense of migrant workers from the Global South. Cet article examine deux programmes des travailleurs étrangers temporaires (PTET) du Canada: le Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers (PTAS) et le Programme concernant les aides familiaux résidants (PAFR). Cet essai examine plusieurs aspects des PTET. Premièrement, je tiens compte du contexte social et économique dans lequel ces programmes sont apparus. Deuxièmement, j’explique comment ces programmes maintiennent une hiérarchie basée sur la race et le sexe. Troisièmement, je pose le problème des relations entre les PTET et le statut de citoyen, et je formule également une critique du PTET comme solution à long terme à la pénurie de main-d’œuvre canadienne. Enfin, je discute des avantages potentiels de ces PTET et propose des solutions de rechange et des façons d’améliorer les programmes. À l’aide d’un cadre d’analyse marxiste, les PTET du Canada sont évalués globalement dans le contexte de l’économie politique et il est proposé que le capitalisme mondial et l’État interagissent au service des citoyens et des économies de l’hémisphère nord, au détriment des travailleurs migrants en provenance de l’hémisphère sud.
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Cundal, Kerry, and Brian Seaman. "Canada’s temporary foreign worker programme: A discussion of human rights issues." MIGRATION LETTERS 9, no. 3 (October 28, 2012): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v9i3.92.
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Canada, like many other developed countries, has implemented a temporary foreign workers’ programme, ostensibly to address temporary labour shortages within its domestic labour market. However, there is growing evidence of the programme being used to meet longer-term labour demands, with low-skilled migrant workers being marginalized into low paying service industry jobs and manual labour in the construction and manufacturing industries. Furthermore, there is evidence of these marginalized workers suffering human rights abuses and economic exploitation. This paper discusses some of these problems and presents a case for legislative reform.
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Stokes, Lauren. "‘An Invasion of Guest Worker Children’: Welfare Reform and the Stigmatisation of Family Migration in West Germany." Contemporary European History 28, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 372–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777319000043.
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AbstractThis article examines the effects of the 1974 child allowance reform on guest worker families in West Germany. As part of a wider reform, West Germany implemented a two-tiered system of child allowances whereby migrant parents received more money for children who lived in the European Economic Community (EEC) than for children who lived outside the EEC. Migrants protested the reform and with it the assumptions of the guest worker programme. However, these parents had to contend with a popular narrative whereby foreign parents who brought their children to West Germany after the reform were in fact irresponsible ‘welfare migrants’ who placed their desire for financial gain over their children's need for a stable environment. The idea that this specific welfare reform had been the trigger for large-scale family migration not only discouraged further investigation of the causes of family migration but was also used to support new restrictions on that migration.
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CECIL, R. G., and G. E. EBANKS. "The Caribbean Migrant Farm Worker Programme in Ontario: Seasonal Expansion of West Indian Economic Spaces." International Migration 30, no. 1 (January 1992): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1992.tb00674.x.
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Bellatin, Alejandra, Azana Hyder, Sampreeth Rao, Peter Chengming Zhang, and Anita M. McGahan. "Overcoming vaccine deployment challenges among the hardest to reach: lessons from polio elimination in India." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 4 (April 2021): e005125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005125.
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After more than 30 years of efforts to eliminate polio, India was certified polio free by WHO in 2014. The final years prior to polio elimination were characterised by concentrated efforts to vaccinate hard-to-reach groups in the state of Uttar Pradesh, including migrant workers, religious minority Muslims and impoverished communities with poor pre-existing social support systems. This article aims to describe the management strategies employed by India to improve the deployment and acceptance of vaccines among hard-to-reach groups in Uttar Pradesh in the final years prior to polio elimination.Three main management principles contributed to polio elimination among the hardest to reach in Uttar Pradesh: bundling of health services, local stakeholder engagement and accountability mechanisms for public health initiatives. In an effort to market the polio campaign as an authentic health-oriented programme, vaccine acceptance was improved by packaging other basic healthcare services such as routine check-ups and essential medications. India also prioritised local stakeholder engagement by using influential community leaders to reach vaccine hesitant groups. Lastly, the accountability mechanisms developed between non-profit organisations and decision-makers in the field ensured accurate reporting and identified deficiencies in healthcare worker training. The lessons learnt from India’s polio vaccination programme have important implications for the implementation of future mass vaccination initiatives, particularly when trying to reach vulnerable communities.
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Low, Choo Chin. "Back for Good." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 177, no. 2-3 (July 9, 2021): 344–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-bja10030.
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Abstract This article suggests that legalization and amnesty programmes have not been able to reduce undocumented migration in Malaysia for two reasons. First, the programmes merely serve as a registration tool that provides foreign workers with short-term work permits and as a surveillance tool to keep track of foreign workers. Second, the temporary work permits granted are no substitute for a migrant-labour management policy in addressing the acute shortage of low-skilled workers. Despite the introduction of these programmes, undocumented migrants have continued to exist because employers prefer to hire undocumented workers in their ‘race to the bottom’ in terms of costs, and the workers are dependent on their employers and agents as the gatekeepers of their legal immigration status. In 2016 and 2019, the Malaysian government introduced two reforms to its legalization and amnesty programmes: it eliminated outsourcing of the process in the Rehiring Programme (2016) and barred repatriated migrants from re-entering the country under the Back for Good amnesty programme (2019). Though these reforms have partially addressed the limitations of the previous programmes, they have not addressed the root cause of migrant labourers working without proper documentation.
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Goh, Maree. "Exploring the role of cultural support workers in the New Zealand healthcare setting." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 30, no. 2 (August 26, 2018): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol30iss2id453.
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INTRODUCTION: The introduction of the community health worker (CHW), or cultural support worker (CSW) as they are more commonly known in Aotearoa New Zealand, is being increasingly seen as an effective strategy to engage with migrant communities and improve health outcomes. With specific cultural knowledge and understanding, CSWs act as a bridge between their ethnic community and healthcare services to improve cross-cultural interactions in the healthcare setting. As Aotearoa New Zealand becomes increasingly ethnically and linguistically diverse, the use of CSWs will become an integral part of the delivery of healthcare services. However, very little is currently known about the needs of these workers – the challenges of the role; their needs for appropriate training, support and supervision; and, how these can be met.METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five CSWs employed in healthcare settings across the Auckland region. Interviews explored the experiences of CSWs, current training opportunities, availability of support and supervision, and future directions. Data were collected and a process of thematic analysis was used to identify key themes.FINDINGS: Key issues identified from the study included the importance of cultural understanding in establishing rapport between health provider and health service users; the lack of a standardised and recognised role description; no specific training programme; and, limited professional development opportunities.CONCLUSION: This study identified significant challenges for the CSW role but also describes a workforce committed to developing the role and optimistic about their ability to make a positive difference within the healthcare setting.
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Regmi, Pramod R., Nirmal Aryal, Edwin van Teijlingen, Padam Simkhada, and Pratik Adhikary. "Nepali Migrant Workers and the Need for Pre-departure Training on Mental Health: A Qualitative Study." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 22, no. 5 (December 18, 2019): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-019-00960-z.
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AbstractEvery year around 1000 Nepali migrant workers die abroad. Every one in three females and one in ten males commit suicide, reflecting a high mental health risk among Nepali migrant workers. This study aims to identify triggers of mental ill-health among Nepali migrant workers and their perceptions on the need of mental health components in the pre-departure orientation programme. We conducted five focus group discussions (FGD) and seven in-depth interviews with Nepali migrant workers and eight semi-structured interviews with stakeholders working for migrants. Participants were invited at Kathmandu’s international airport on return from abroad, at hotels or bus stations near the airport, through organisations working for migrants, and participants’ network. All FGD and interviews were conducted in Kathmandu and audio recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Data were analyzed thematically. High expectations from families back home, an unfair treatment at work, poor arrangements of accommodation, loneliness and poor social life abroad were frequently reported factors for poor mental health. Access to mental health services abroad by Nepali migrant was also poor. We found little on mental health in the pre-departure orientation. We need to improve our knowledge of mental health risks to provide better, more focused and more up-to-date pre-departure training to new migrant workers leaving Nepal.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Migrant worker programme"
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Zou, Mimi. "The legal construction of migrant work relations : precarious status, hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4169b543-2a30-434c-a512-ada39d509a10.
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This thesis is concerned with the ways in which the laws and policies governing labour migration shape the relationship between migrant workers, employers, and labour markets in advanced industrialised countries. Specifically, it elucidates the intersections of immigration and labour market regulatory norms, structures, and processes that have salient implications for migrants’ work relations. The notions of ‘hyper-dependence’ and ‘hyper-precarity’ are developed as the main analytical and normative lenses in this thesis for examining the particular vulnerabilities associated with migrants’ precarious statuses under contemporary labour migration regimes. Hyper-dependence refers to an acute dependence that transcends the immediate context of an employment relationship, where other aspects of a worker’s life critically depend on that employer. For migrant workers, hyper-dependence may arise where their legal statuses is tethered to a specific employer sponsorship, accompanied by other de jure and de facto restrictions on their labour mobility. Hyper-precarity seeks to capture the multifaceted insecurities and uncertainties in migrants’ work relations and their broader migration projects, which are linked to their exclusion, in law and in practice, from a wide array of social, economic, and civil rights in the host state. Engaging with the various and often competing goals and concerns of immigration law and labour law, the two concepts of hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity are developed and applied through an in-depth comparative analysis of the legal and regulatory architectures of two contemporary temporary migrant workers’ programmes (TMWPs): Australia’s Temporary Work (Skilled) Subclass 457 Visa (‘457 visa’) scheme and the United Kingdom’s Tier 2 (General) visa scheme. In recent years, TMWPs in advanced industrialised countries have been touted by global and national policymakers as a desirable labour migration instrument that delivers ‘triple wins’ for host states, home states, and migrants and their families. I situate the normative concerns of the legally constructed hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity in the ethical debates on TMWPs in liberal states. I also consider how the worst extremes of the two ‘hyper’ conditions combined in highly exploitative work relations could be ameliorated, and in doing so propose some ideas for reforming key features of current TMWPs to enable migrants to exit any employment relationship and to resort to a range of voice mechanisms in the workplace.
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Mai, Dan T. "Sustaining family life in rural China : reinterpreting filial piety in migrant Chinese families." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8e679650-a857-4f3c-a5c1-770a1bff848e.
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This study explores the changing nature of filial piety in contemporary society in rural China. With the economic, social and political upheavals that followed the Revolution, can 'great peace under heaven' still be found for the rural Chinese family as in the traditional Confucian proverb,"make yourself useful, look after your family, look after your country, and all is peaceful under heaven"? This study explores this question, in terms not so much of financial prosperity, but of non-tangible cultural values of filial piety, changing familial and gender roles, and economic migration. In particular, it examines how macro level changes in economic, social and demographic policies have affected family life in rural China. The primary policies examined were collectivisation, the hukou registration system, marketization, and the One-Child policy. Ethnographic interviews reveal how migration has affected rural family structures beyond the usual quantifiable economic measures. Using the village of Meijia, Sichuan province, as a paradigmatic sample of family, where members have moved to work in the cities, leaving their children behind with the grandparents, the study demonstrates how migration and modernization are reshaping familial roles, changing filial expectations, reshuffling notions of care-taking, and transforming traditional views on the value of daughters and daughters-in-law. The study concludes that the choices families make around migration, child-rearing and elder-care cannot be fully explained by either an income diversification model or a survival model, but rather through notions of filial piety. Yet the concept of filial piety itself is changing, particularly in relation to gender and perceptions about the worth of daughters and the mother/ daughter-in-law relationship. Understanding these new family dynamics will be important for both policy planners and economic analysts.
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Vathi, Lissia. "L'obligation de résidence chez l'employeur imposée aux travailleurs agricoles et domestiques migrants au Canada : une atteinte à leur droit constitutionnel à la liberté." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20391.
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Dumont, Robillard Myriam. "Garantir un réel accès à la justice efficace aux travailleuses domestiques migrantes : obstacles systémiques et conceptualisation du droit - perspectives canadiennes et internationales." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10365.
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Malgré une demande croissante dans le secteur du travail domestique et un poids économique mondial considérable, les travailleuses domestiques migrantes demeurent parmi les plus précaires et les plus exploitées de la planète. Invisibles, isolées et travaillant pour des particuliers dans des résidences privées, elles échappent aux catégories traditionnelles d’emploi. Ces travailleuses se retrouvent alors à évoluer en marge du cadre légal ou encore, elles peinent à faire appliquer correctement les lois conçues pour les protéger.
Ce mémoire cherche donc à analyser les manières d’envisager le droit afin de garantir un réel accès à la justice pour les travailleuses domestiques migrantes. En abordant d’abord les obstacles systémiques qui font échec à la réglementation du secteur domestique à travers le monde, cette recherche démontre une inadéquation du droit traditionnel à la réalité des travailleuses par l’analyse des effets de la réglementation canadienne qui leur est applicable.
À la lumière de la récente Convention concernant le travail décent pour les travailleuses et travailleurs domestiques, ce mémoire démontre qu’une conceptualisation du droit basée sur le pluralisme juridique fournit des alternatives aux travailleuses domestiques migrantes pour accéder à la justice. Ultimement, l’empowerment de ces travailleuses par leur inclusion dans le dialogue social couplé à une réglementation adaptée à leur réalité permettra d’assurer une protection efficace de leurs droits.In spite of an ever increasing demand in the domestic work sector and a considerable worldwide economic weight, migrant domestic workers are among the most precarious and exploited globally. Invisible, isolated and working for individuals in private residences, they fall outside the traditional work categorizations. Therefore, these women find themselves operating in margin of the legal system or, when they are protected by laws, they struggle to have those laws applied efficiently. This research will try to analyze the different ways we can consider law in order to guarantee a real and efficient access to justice to migrant domestic workers. After addressing the systemic obstacles to domestic work regulation worldwide, this research explores the inconsistency between traditional law and the reality of migrant domestic workers by analyzing the effects of the applicable Canadian regulation. In light of the recent Convention concerning decent work for domestic workers, this essay shows that a conceptualization of law based on legal pluralism offers domestic workers an alternative access to justice. Ultimately, including these workers in the social dialogue and implementing specific regulation adapted to their reality will provide them with an empowerment that will insure an effective protection of their rights.
Books on the topic "Migrant worker programme"
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Schmahl, Ludwig. Integration von Migranten: Intentionen, Programme und Perspektiven. Brühl/Rheinland: Fachhochschule des Bundes für Öffentliche Verwaltung, 2007.
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Los braceros: Memories of bracero workers 1942-1964. San Diego, CA: Southern Border Press, 2003.
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El Programa Bracero. [México]: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2010.
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Dvorscak, Doris M. Providing services to migrant farmworkers: Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children, and the Commodity Supplemental Food Program. Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, 1986.
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Vosko, Leah F. Disrupting Deportability. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501742132.001.0001.
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This book highlights obstacles confronting temporary migrant workers in Canada seeking to exercise their labor rights. It explores the effects of deportability on Mexican nationals participating in Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). The book follows the decade-long legal and political struggle of a group of Mexican SAWP migrants in British Columbia to establish and maintain meaningful collective representation. The case study reveals how modalities of deportability—such as termination without cause, blacklisting, and attrition—destabilize legally authorized temporary migrant agricultural workers. Through this detailed exposé, the book concludes that despite the formal commitments to human, social, and civil rights to which migration management ostensibly aspires, the design and administration of this “model” temporary migrant work program produces conditions of deportability, making the threat possibility of removal ever-present.
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On the move: A toolkit of HIV prevention programmes for migrant workers. [Quezon City]: Philippine NGO Council on Population, Health and Welfare, 2006.
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North-South Institute (Ottawa, Ont.), ed. Migrant workers in Canada: A review of the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers. Ottawa, ON: North-South Institute, 2006.
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Ness, Immanuel. Guest Workers of the World. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036279.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter lays out the major themes to be explored in this book, and positions guest workers (as opposed to undocumented migrant workers) at the center of discussion. Ineffectual regulatory policies have bifurcated migrant workers into two groups—undocumented laborers and guest workers. Focusing on guest workers rather than on undocumented laborers foreshadows the potential prospects and pitfalls of the program for foreign workers as well as U.S. nationals, and the potential influence of such a program on the broader labor movement and working class. Moreover, the chapter focuses the U.S. as the world's leading recipient of foreign workers in order to briefly examine the intersection between labor, capital, and government policies in advancing corporate profits.
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Ness, Immanuel. Temporary Labor Migration and U.S. and Foreign-Born Worker Resistance. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036279.003.0005.
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This chapter examines how skilled and semi-skilled guest worker programs contribute to the displacement of workers throughout the U.S. economy. In the future, as migrant labor programs are institutionalized through the World Trade Organization and are viewed as the latest formula for economic development, it is likely that this new commodification of labor will spread into a growing number of labor market sectors, including manufacturing and transportation. At the same time the chapter reveals that while corporate human resource executives view migrant laborers as docile and complacent, a growing number are resorting to collective action in the form of micro organizing, where small groups organize to address the specific problems they face.
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Defiant braceros: How migrant workers fought for racial, sexual, and political freedom. University of North Carolina Press, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Migrant worker programme"
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Wang, Yeqiang, and Xin Dong. "Housing Policies for Rural Migrant Workers in China." In The Urban Book Series, 181–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74544-8_10.
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AbstractLack of housing security is a major problem for rural migrant workers in China. This chapter explores the range and depth of housing problems facing rural migrants. These challenges include issues of affordability and poor housing quality and administrative barriers that inhibit access to commercial housing and housing welfare programmes. There is a big difference between the housing consumption pattern of migrant workers in the city and that in the countryside. This is due to large discrepancies in levels of access to good quality accommodation between migrants from rural areas and the established urban population. These inequalities are exacerbated by inherited forms of residential registration that adversely affect rural migrants settling in towns and cities. The situation is further exacerbated by land use regulations that restrict the construction of collective dormitories for rural migrant workers. The key is to promote the system reform of rural land and speed up the establishment of a free market homestead and rural housing. Policy responses over the past twenty years are evaluated, and recommendations for future policy development are proposed to improve housing conditions, including reform of land use regulations and improved property rights for migrants.
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Carmona Barrenechea, Verónica, Giuseppe M. Messina, and Mora Straschnoy. "Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Argentina." In IMISCOE Research Series, 41–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_2.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses the level and quality of social protection granted to legally residing migrant workers in Argentina and national citizens residing abroad in five main policy areas: unemployment, health, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources. After an overview of recent evolutions in Argentina’s Social Security and migration policy, we analyze each policy area in order to identify the necessary eligibility requirements for accessing social benefits or services. Our findings show that, in general, the contributory logic prevails over nationality for Social Security benefits. In the case of non-contributory programs, we observe a regime that is generally less generous in quantitative and qualitative terms, and even more restricted for migrants. Despite this, Argentina’s immigration policy is relatively open, especially for migrants from the region, while certain fundamental rights (such as health and education) are guaranteed to all migrants (regardless of their migratory status).
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Xulu-Gama, Nomkhosi, Sibongile Ruth Nhari, Musawenkosi Malabela, and Tebogo Mogoru. "Policy Implementation Challenges for Worker Education and Foreign National Migrants." In IMISCOE Research Series, 91–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92114-9_7.
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AbstractThe importance of worker education around the presence of foreign national migrants “beyond the apartheid workplace” (Webster & von Holdt, 2005: 4) is undisputed. Our intention is to establish the extent to which worker education programmes benefit foreign-national migrants and also to establish the possible challenges in the implementation of the related legislation and policies. The current context of neoliberal capitalism and growing informalisation of work (Webster & von Holdt, 2005; Muller & Esselaar, 2004) is particularly important, as it tends to challenge the existence and effectiveness of worker education while promoting divisions among the workers. During the apartheid era, worker education was a resource used by the trade union movement to address struggles in the workplace and those percolating to the communities (see Xulu-Gama, 2018; Von Holdt, 2002; Webster, 1985; Friedman, 1987). Worker education always took into consideration the history of the South African workplace, which made it relevant, comprehensive, critical and progressive (Hamilton, 2014).
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Ansari, P. A. "Exploring the issues and challenges among (interstate) migrant workers and government officials: A study of Kochi, Kerala." In Social Welfare Policies and Programmes in South Asia, 132–46. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429323041-9.
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Rogoz, Mădălina, and Martina Sekulova. "Labour Mobility from Eastern European Welfare States: Zooming in on Romania and Slovakia." In IMISCOE Research Series, 105–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67615-5_7.
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AbstractIn the last two decades, care deficits in Western Europe have been fuelled by demographic and social transformations, such as population ageing, changes in household structures, welfare programme reforms and an altogether lesser involvement of the state in care provision. These care deficits, particularly in high-income countries, have been addressed through migrant labour which, in turn, contributes to increasing care needs in the migrants’ sending countries. Through the example of Romanian and Slovak caregivers working in 2- and 4-week shifts in Austria, this chapter explores the linkages between care workers’ strategies to address the care deficits in their families, the features of relevant welfare provisions in their respective countries of origin and the workers’ mobility patterns. The chapter argues that existing (limited) care needs in their respective families allow carers to engage in transnational work, while extensive care needs at home are a hindrance for working abroad. In other words, there seems to be a tipping point in the care needs of workers’ families, which results in care workers no longer wanting to work abroad but needing to remain in their countries of origin and care for family members instead. Furthermore, the chapter argues that labour mobility patterns are also influenced by the ‘familialistic’ orientation of relevant welfare provisions in sending countries. As limited formal services put pressure on families to continue providing care informally, institutional frameworks for childcare and care for the elderly also influence care workers’ mobility strategies.
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Bisong, Amanda. "Return, Precarity and Vulnerability in West Africa: Evidence from Nigeria." In IMISCOE Research Series, 211–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_11.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses how return and reintegration programmes for irregular migrants and rejected asylum seekers construct and create vulnerabilities. The chapter analyses the lived experiences of returnees in Edo state, Nigeria. It examines the experiences of irregular migrants and rejected asylum seekers who were returned to their places of origin through AVRR programmes or other forms of return assistance programmes. First it examines the context of return migration in Nigeria and the legal-bureaucratic construction of vulnerability in the Nigerian context. Then it proceeds to analyse the efforts of the Nigerian state in implementing return and reintegration programmes. Based on 15 in-depth interviews with returnees, civil society organisations and government officials, it examines the experiences of returnees and their perspectives of vulnerability and precarity in returning to their communities of origin. The research finds that poorly implemented return programmes, may worsen the vulnerabilities of migrants instead of promoting their integration. However, migrants may reinforce their vulnerabilities in order to benefit from perceived advantages offered by the state or international organisations. Lastly, family and community efforts help migrants cope with the vulnerabilities they are exposed to in their communities of origin.
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Teräs, Marianne. "Challenges Migrant Students Face in Vocational Education and Training: Examples from a Health Care Programme." In The SAGE Handbook of Learning and Work, 448–59. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529757217.n29.
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Minteguiaga, Analía, and Valerie Carmel. "Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Ecuador." In IMISCOE Research Series, 109–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_6.
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AbstractFormal labour and affiliation to Ecuador’s social security system is the main gateway for access to social protection benefits, especially in the case of migrants. However, a large informal labour market and low levels on inclusion in the social security system forces large sectors of society to rely on family and community arrangements for the management of risk and economic uncertainty. The state provides some non-contributory benefits through cash transfer programs but, with the exception of health care, these only cover people living in conditions of extreme poverty. Universal, non-means tested programs are limited to the public health and education systems. Overall, migrants face several obstacles to access social protection benefits. Gaining the right to work legally is mostly reserved for white-collar and highly educated immigrants, excluding impoverished immigrants. Paired to the inability to access labour-related benefits and government programs for the so-called poor, immigrants lack the safety nets provided by extended family and a community setting. Nationals residing abroad have restricted access to social benefits, having access only to the contributory pension system on a voluntary basis. This chapter discusses the social protection system in Ecuador and focuses on eligibility criteria to show the extent of migrants’ access to the social benefits.
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Lynch, Gordon. "‘The Risk Involved is Inappreciable… and the Gain Exceptional’: Child Migration to Australia and Empire Settlement Policy, 1913–1939." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 23–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_2.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the development of UK child migration to Australia in the inter-war period. Following the opening of Kingsley Fairbridge’s experimental farm school for child migrants at Pinjarra in 1913, the 1920s and 1930s saw a gradual increase in the number of voluntary societies involved in this work and of residential institutions in Australia receiving child migrants. The growth of these programmes in the wider context of the UK Government’s assisted migration policies is discussed. During the 1930s, the global financial depression weakened governmental support for assisted migration, and greater caution emerged within the UK Government about the value of some planned migration schemes. Nevertheless, by 1939, child migration to Australia was seen by UK policy-makers as a small but important part of the attempt to strengthen ties with Britain’s Dominions and to make more efficient use of their collective human and material resources.
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Naujoks, Daniel. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Indian Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 163–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_9.
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AbstractAs the country with the world’s largest emigrant population and a long history of international mobility, India has adopted a multi-faceted institutional and policy framework to govern migration and diaspora engagement. This chapter provides a broad overview of initiatives on social protection for Indians abroad, shedding light on specific policy designs to include and exclude different populations in India and abroad. In addition to programmes by the national government, the chapter discusses initiatives at the sub-national level. The chapter shows that India has established a set of policies for various diaspora populations that are largely separate from the rules and policies adopted for nationals at home. Diaspora engagement policies, and especially policies aimed at fostering social protection of Indians abroad, are generally not integrated into national social protection policies. There is a clear distinction between policies that are geared towards the engagement of ethnic Indian populations whose forefathers have left Indian shores many generations ago, Indian communities in OECD countries – mostly US, Canada, Europe and Australia – and migrant workers going on temporary assignments to countries in the Persian Gulf. The chapter offers a discussion of the key differences, drivers, and limitations of existing policies.
Conference papers on the topic "Migrant worker programme"
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Blagojević, Anita, and Gordana Horvat. "STUDENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS MIGRANTS IN THE PRE-COVID-19 PERIOD." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18356.
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There is no doubt that prior to Covid-19 outbreak the issue of migration had been one of the top priorities across the European Union, especially after so-called ‘’refugee crisis’’ of 2015-2017. However, the situation rapidly changed since Covid-19 outbreak, when migration has fallen off the radar as a political issue. The aim of this paper is to analyse students' attitudes towards migrants, in the period before COVID-19, and our initial thesis is that the fact that attitudes towards migrants are rooted in individual values and when established can be resistant to change. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part of the paper, we give an overview of available reports on the impact of Covid-19 to public attitudes towards migrants. Although is too early to make some general conclusions about it, the surveys made so far show that external factors, such as Covid-19, does not make important changes to public attitudes towards migrants. Having this in mind, in the second part of the paper we present the results of our research which was developed as a part of the project ''Creating Welcoming Communities'' of the Association ''MI''. The purpose of this research was to identify the attitudes of students of the Faculty of Law Osijek for the acceptance and integration of migrant into society. The target group of survey participants covered by the research was defined so as to include students of different levels (Intergrated Undergraduate and Graduate Study Programme, Professional Administrative Study Programme, University Undergraduate Study of Social Work) and the sample of students included 300 persons. Finally, in the third part of the paper we give a synthesis of our research and a review of the topic from the perspective of human rights and social work in the community.
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Kalça, Adem, and Yılmaz Onur Ari. "Circular Migration Between Georgia and Turkey: Is Triple Win a Solution for Illegal Employment?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01647.
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Migrants who come from Georgia is one of the main issues in Turkey’s migration policy. Just like other Eastern Bloc Countries, after socialism collapsed in Georgia, its economy had many problems and impoverished many Georgia citizens. Therefore, Georgian people migrate to Turkey in a circular way in order to work or trade with the strategy for survival. Unfortunately, circular movements from Georgia to Turkey are not subject to a program and it causes many problems like illegal employment, bad living conditions and lack of migrants’ skill and knowledge development.
The concept of circular migration and the effects of triple win solution are discussed theoretically in this study. Also a swot analysis of demographic and labor market of autonomous border region of Georgia is made and both negatives and positives of Georgian circular migration to Eastern Black Sea Region are analyzed.
According to the results, it’s emphasized that a circular migration program between Georgia and Turkey is necessary to practice the triple win scenario. Triple win scenario supports many economic benefits for all three elements of circular migration, namely home and host countries and the migrants themselves, provided that there is a regulated circular migration. Several measures can be taken to prevent unregistered employment and poor working conditions of migrants, the most importantly the spontaneous circular movement between Georgia and Turkey can be transformed to programmed circular movement.
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Buzov, Ivanka. "EDUCATION, MIGRATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PERSPECTIVES OF AGENDA 2030." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b1/v3/05.
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Global development programs from Agenda 21 (1992) to Agenda 2030 (2015) inevitably promote the importance of education for all, ie they call for equality in access to educational resources. Recognizing the reality of the emergence of a growing category of “mobile population” in the world and the challenges of regular and new migration, for the first time the current Agenda emphasizes the commitment to migration. In this context, it is challenging to monitor the links between migration issues and the highlighted objectives of the Agenda, with a particular focus on sustainable development goal 4 (SDG 4) relating to quality education. Its targets as well as the objectives of the Agenda relating to poverty reduction, the right to employment and decent work (SDG 8), access to justice for all (SDG 16), and the strengthening of the global partnership (SDG 17) primarily imply access to educational resources for all. By promoting the thesis of education as an “enabling right” which, in addition to supporting opportunities for personal development and integration, can also be a driving force for global sustainable development, education is seen as a generator of sustainable development and knowledge society. In the context of the situation of migrants it supports the protection and security of acquired knowledge, prevents the risk of exclusion, ie contributes to their empowerment for sustainable life in the community.
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Vines, Sarah, and David Lever. "An Integrated Approach to Geological Disposal of UK Wastes Containing Carbon-14." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96342.
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Carbon-14 is a key radionuclide in the assessment of the safety of a geological disposal facility for radioactive waste because of the calculated assessment of the radiological consequences of gaseous carbon-14 bearing species [i]. It may be that such calculations are based on overly conservative assumptions and that better understanding could lead to considerably reduced assessment of the radiological consequences from these wastes. Alternatively, it may be possible to mitigate the impact of these wastes through alternative treatment, packaging or design options. The Radioactive Waste Management Directorate of the UK’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA RWMD) has established an integrated project team in which the partners are working together to develop a holistic approach to carbon-14 management in the disposal system [ii]. For a waste stream containing carbon-14 to be an issue: • There must be a significant inventory of carbon-14 in the waste stream; AND • That waste stream has to generate carbon-14 bearing gas; AND • A bulk gas phase has to entrain the carbon-14 bearing gas: AND • These gases must migrate through the engineered barriers in significant quantities; AND • These gases must migrate through the overlying geological environment (either as a distinct gas phase or as dissolved gas); AND • These gases must interact with materials in the biosphere (i.e. plants) in a manner that leads to significant doses and risks to exposed groups or potentially exposed groups. The project team has developed and used this “AND” approach to structure and prioritise the technical work and break the problem down in a manageable way. We have also used it to develop our approach to considering alternative treatment, packaging and design options. For example, it may be possible to pre-treat some wastes to remove some of the inventory or to segregate other wastes so that they are removed from any bulk gas phase which might facilitate migration through the geosphere. Initially, the project team has undertaken a six month programme of work to examine the current understanding of these aspects and has captured this in the Phase 1 report [ii], in a modelling basis spreadsheet and in scoping assessments, which help us better understand the potential significance of carbon-14. Using the current modelling basis, but ignoring any potential benefits from the geosphere in retarding or preventing gas from reaching the surface, the calculated release of carbon-14 is dominated by: corrosion of irradiated reactive metals (in the operational and early post-closure time frame); corrosion of irradiated stainless steel and leaching of irradiated graphite (in the longer term). The Phase 1 work has shown that there is considerable scope for reducing the calculated radiological consequence for these wastes and a roadmap has been developed for a second Phase of work.
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Muthomi Murungi, Nathaniel, and Frederick Haga. "Resilience Through Inclusive Technology: How Organizations are Leveraging Innovative Technology to Achieve Educational Outcomes for Learners with Disabilities." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.150.
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Education technologies have for long provided learning solutions. This became more important at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic when physical learning was disrupted globally. Learning from this experience, many countries are thinking of investing in solutions that ensure continued learning while contributing to sustainable development. Technology makes everything easy, including learning and preparing learners for the world of work. It is projected that most work will be technology-based in the coming years. The education and training ecosystem will evolve and innovation will drive the format in which education will be delivered. Increasingly, learning will migrate online and be self-directed and require some future employers. Many countries have embraced innovative and inclusive education technology solutions, whether homemade or exotic. High-income countries have achieved this to a desirable extent, while many low and middle-income countries contend with other competing priorities and economic burdens. As this is happening, there is a need to ensure such education technologies cater for the educational needs of learners with disabilities, recognizing the principles of accessibility, equality and non-discrimination as envisioned by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Kenya has trailblazed in setting education standards that partly prepare the learners for technology in the region. One of the seven key competencies that the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in Kenya aims to achieve is digital literacy, which sets the stage for the government and schools to implement and employ technology and innovation purposively. However, no particular study has documented how and the extent to which institutions of learning are offering education to learners and trainees with disabilities and how they are employing inclusive education technologies for learners with disabilities. This paper aims to document the efforts by government and non-government organizations to leverage innovative technology to achieve educational outcomes for learners with disabilities. Data will be drawn from different programmes that are being implemented nationally. A literature review, document analysis and expert review are used. It is hoped that the insights from this paper will justify the need for additional investment into inclusive education technology by the government, schools and development partners.
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Flouros, Michael, Georgios Iatrou, Kyros Yakinthos, Francois Cottier, and Markus Hirschmann. "Two-Phase Flow Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Horizontal Scavenge Pipes in an Aero Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25011.
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In modern aero engines the lubrication system plays a key role due to the demand for high reliability. Oil is used not only for the lubrication of bearings, gears or seals, but it also removes large amounts of the generated heat. Also, air from the compressor at elevated temperature is used for sealing the bearing chambers and additional heat is introduced into the oil through radiation, conduction and convection from the surroundings. The impact of excessive heat on the oil may lead to severe engine safety and reliability problems which can range from oil coking (carbon formation) to oil fires. Coking may lead to a gradual blockage of the oil tubes and subsequently increase the internal bearing chamber pressure. As a consequence, oil may migrate through the seals into the turbo machinery and cause contamination of the cabin air or ignite and cause failure of the engine. It is therefore very important for the oil system designer to be capable to predict the system’s functionality. Coking or oil ignition may occur not only inside the bearing chamber but also in the oil pipes which carry away the air and oil mixture from the bearing chamber. Bearing chambers usually have one pipe (vent pipe) at the top of the chamber and also one pipe (scavenge pipe) at the bottom which is attached to a scavenge pump. The vent pipe enables most of the sealing air to escape thus avoid over-pressurization in the bearing compartment. In a bearing chamber sealing air is the dominant medium in terms of volume occupation and also the in terms of causing expansion phenomena. The scavenge pipe carries away most of the oil from the bearing chamber but some air is also carried away. The heat transfer in vent pipes was investigated by Busam [1], [2]. Busam has experimentally developed a Nusselt number correlation for an annular flow in a vent pipe. For the heat transfer predictions in scavenge pipes no particular Nusselt number correlation exist. This paper intends to close the gap in this area. As part of the European Union funded research programme ELUBSYS (Engine LUBrication System TechnologieS), an attempt was done to simplify the oil system’s architecture. In order to better understand the flow in scavenge pipes, high speed video was taken in two sections of the pipe (vertical and horizontal). In the vertical section the flow was a wavy annular falling film whereas the flow in the horizontal section was a an unsteady wavy stratified/slug flow. Heat transfer has been investigated in the horizontal section of the scavenge pipe, leaving the investigation on the vertical section for later. Thanks to the provided extensive instrumentation, the thermal field in, on and around the pipe was recorded, evaluated and also numerically modeled using ANSYS CFX version 14 [23]. Brand new correlations for two-phase flow heat transfer (Nusselt number) and for pressure drop (friction coefficient) in horizontal scavenge pipes are the result of this work. The Nusselt number correlation has been developed in such a way that smooth transition (i.e. no discontinuity) from two-phase into single phase flow is observed. This work was funded and conducted within the 7th EU Frame Programme for Aeronautics and Transport (AAT.2008.4.2.3).
Reports on the topic "Migrant worker programme"
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Ainul, Sigma, Eashita Haque, K. G. Santhya, and Ubaidur Rob. Assessment of overseas labor migration systems in Bangladesh. Population Council, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1039.
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Bangladesh is a significant labor-sending country, with about 7.8 million Bangladeshis working abroad. Major destinations for migrant workers are the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Female migrants represent 12 percent of the migration flow, with a majority engaged as domestic workers. Migration to GCC countries is characterized by short-term temporary migration, migration of low- and semi-skilled workers, laborers with low literacy level, debt-financed migration, and often migration through unofficial channels. The overseas labor recruitment industry often leaves migrants susceptible to human trafficking, forced labor, and modern slavery. Also, many migrants return empty-handed and with huge debt. The Population Council in partnership with the Global Fund to End Modern Slavery (GFEMS) undertook a study to better understand survivors’ and stakeholders’ perspectives on the kinds of policies, programs, and initiatives that could facilitate safer overseas labor migration for Bangladeshi migrant workers. A qualitative study was conducted with returned migrants in Faridpur and Munshiganjs, Bangladesh. These locations also served as an assessment of an intervention for economic and social reintegration. A stakeholder consultation provided an opportunity for participants to reflect on the study findings and brainstorm about research, program gaps, and recommendations.
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Santhya, K. G., Snigdha Banerjee, Basant Kumar Panda, A. J. Francis Zavier, Avishek Hazra, and Shilpi Rampal. Role of debt in overseas labour migration in India. Population Council, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1035.
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The Population Council, in partnership with the Global Fund to End Modern Slavery and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, undertook a multicomponent study to better understand the relationship between debt and overseas labor migration from India. The study shed light on: levels and patterns of household indebtedness among migrant households, with a special focus on households with overseas migrants; cost of overseas labor migration from India and the role of debt in financing overseas migration; role of debt in migration-related decisions; differences in work-related choices and experiences and financial vulnerabilities migrant workers experienced by household indebtedness; and migrant workers’ perceptions about financial products that can potentially reduce their financial vulnerabilities. This report describes the levels and patterns of household indebtedness and socio-demographic differentials in indebted international migrant households. It sheds light on costs incurred for overseas labor migration and the role of debt in financing migration, migration-related decisions, work-related choices and experiences, and financial vulnerabilities faced in India and overseas. A description of financial products that can potentially reduce the financial vulnerabilities of overseas labor migrants is included, as are recommendations for programs and research.
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Meadows, Michael. Thesis Review: The Role of SANZ, a Migrant Radio Programme, in Making Sense of Place for South African Migrants in New Zealand. Unitec ePress, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/thes.revw22016.
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This study is a detailed, qualitative exploration of the role played by a South African migrant radio programme, SANZ Live, in supporting its audience to create a sense of place in Auckland, New Zealand, through a range of on- and off-air activities. The thesis concludes that SANZ Live contributes to the creation of opportunities for South African migrants to find a sense of place through producing media content, participating in face-to-face communication through the off-air activities of SANZ Live, participating in SANZ Live social media and perpetuating aspects of South African culture through various programme-related activities. This multi-layered participation works to establish a new routine and a hybrid culture that enables South African migrants to establish new individual, group, and collective identities – becoming ‘South African Kiwis’ – in their new home of choice.In her exploration of this important topic, the author has used a wide range of relevant academic and industry sources to outline the role of Auckland community radio, and the station SANZ in particular, in creating a new hybrid sense of identity for the city’s South African community. It builds on earlier work elsewhere that has explored similar topics (Downing, 2001, 2003; Downing & Husband, 2005; Forde et al, 2009). But importantly, the study has revealed the critical role of being played by the radio programme in smoothing South African immigrants’ transition into New Zealand society – an important dimension of the settlement process.
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Bahar, Dany, Ana María Ibáñez, and Sandra Rozo. Give Me Your Tired and Your Poor: Impact of a Large-Scale Amnesty Program for Undocumented Refugees. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002893.
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Between 2014 and 2020 over 1.8 million refugees fled from Venezuela to Colombia as a result of a humanitarian crisis, many of them without a regular migratory status. We study the short- to medium-term labor market impacts in Colombia of the Permiso Temporal de Permanencia program, the largest migratory amnesty program offered to undocumented migrants in a developing country in modern history. The program granted regular migratory status and work permits to nearly half a million undocumented Venezuelan migrants in Colombia in August 2018. To identify the effects of the program, we match confidential administrative data on the location of undocumented migrants with department-monthly data from household surveys and compare labor outcomes in departments that were granted different average time windows to register for the amnesty online, before and after the program roll-out. We are only able to distinguish negative albeit negligible effects of the program on the formal employment of Colombian workers. These effects are predominantly concentrated in highly educated and in female workers.
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Ndhlovu, Lewis, Catherine Searle, and Johannes van Dam. Strengthening STI treatment and HIV/AIDS prevention services in Carletonville, South Africa. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1001.
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Although knowledge about HIV/AIDS is widespread in South Africa, adult HIV prevalence is high, indicating high levels of risky sexual behavior. Understanding the gap between knowledge and behavior requires an examination of the social context in which the epidemic occurs. The Horizons Program conducted an intervention study in the Carletonville area to study the social determinants of the HIV epidemic and to assess the impact of a targeted program of HIV and STI prevention and service delivery. In 1998, the Mothusimpilo (“Working together for health”) Intervention Project (MIP) was launched to reduce community prevalence of HIV and other STIs and to sustain those reductions through enhanced prevention and STI treatment services. Carletonville includes many migrant mine workers and is characterized by significant poverty and unemployment, the presence of sex work, and high rates of STIs. MIP targets population groups where high-risk sexual behavior is thought to be common. This brief focuses on sex workers because of their vulnerability to STIs and HIV infection and their link to miners and men in the broader community.
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Erulkar, Annabel, Herma Gebru, and Gebeyehu Mekonnen. Biruh Tesfa ('Bright Future') program provides domestic workers, orphans and migrants in urban Ethiopia with social support, HIV education and skills. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2.1067.
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Xiao, Haixiang, Junjun Hou, Min Chen, Weiping Deng, Chuanchen Zhao, Jihong Zhou, and Xiaolu Liu. Eradicating Absolute Poverty in Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210460-2.
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This paper describes the specific poverty reduction practices applied in Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China. Government-subsidized programs are aimed at elderly living in poverty, people with disabilities, and migrant workers and their left-behind children. They reduce poverty mainly by building a support system for living, housing, medical care, old-age care, education, and employment. Tailored financial support are also intended for natural resources of poverty-stricken areas to be used in developing industries and forming self-development capabilities to eradicate poverty, including through industrial development, employment, and financial tool utilization.
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TITOVA, E. FEATURES OF MIGRATION POLICY IN THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-2-54-70.
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The article reveals the features of the state mechanism for regulating labor migration in the Jewish Autonomous Region. It is noted that labor migration is an integral part of the economic development of the region. The purpose of the study is the peculiarities of solving the problems of optimizing the mechanisms for regulating labor migration in the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAO). The practical significance of the study is underscored by the growing resource requirements of the Jewish Autonomous Region. The importance of attracting labor migrants from the widest list of countries, to increase the exchange of experience and improve interethnic relations, the organization of programs to increase the flow of willing workers and promising employers, is highlighted. The scientific novelty of the research is in the designation of the latest methods and state programs aimed at improving the efficiency of the labor migration management mechanism. Every year, the number of migrants illegally staying on the territory of Russia is growing, and the authorities of the Russian Federation are trying to improve the methods of control of foreign citizens entering the country, which makes it easier, but at the same time more effective, to exercise control over migrants and distribute it in. areas such as the patent system, employee-to-employer linkage and simplified taxation.
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Expanding workplace HIV prevention programs for a highly mobile population in Ho Chi Minh City. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2003.1014.
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As HIV prevalence in Vietnam increases, promoting prevention behavior among vulnerable populations, such as migrant workers, becomes more critical. In Ho Chi Minh City, efforts by the local government have been in place for several years to focus prevention activities on migrant workers. The principal activity uses volunteer health communicators to conduct HIV education activities at workplaces. Yet these prevention efforts have reached only a minority of migrant workers, and the effectiveness of the approach remains unclear. Local authorities want to expand their efforts but need more information about which activities are the most effective and least costly, as well as their potential for scale-up. The Horizons Program, the Population Council/Vietnam, and partners compared the existing workplace HIV-prevention program for highly mobile construction workers with a new peer-education (PE) program. As stated in this brief, while both the PE and HC programs had a positive impact on workers, the PE program has a number of advantages over the HC program for this type of work environment.
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Expanding workplace HIV/AIDS prevention activities for a highly mobile population: Construction workers in Ho Chi Minh City. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2003.1013.
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In Ho Chi Minh City, the locus of the HIV epidemic in Vietnam, efforts have been under way for several years to implement prevention efforts for migrant worker populations. The main activity has been volunteer health communicators (HCs) visiting workplaces and conducting HIV education activities. These efforts have reached only a small number of the intended audience, and the impact is unclear. Local authorities want to scale up their efforts but need information on the most effective and least costly activities, and their potential for scale up. The Horizons Program, the Population Council/Vietnam, and partners compared two programs for highly mobile construction workers: the existing HC workplace program, where social work students deliver HIV-prevention education, and a new peer-education program. Concerns exist about the turnover of health communicators in the HC program and whether social work students, about half of whom are female, are the most effective HIV-prevention educators for a largely male construction worker population. The new program uses construction worker peer educators to promote HIV risk reduction. Findings noted in this report indicate that the peer-educator program reached a higher proportion of workers than the health-communicator program.