Journal articles on the topic 'Migrant housing needs'
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Rashed Alam Bhuiyan, Mohammad. "Addressing the Housing Needs of Low-Income Internal Migrants in Chattogram City: The Role of City Governance." Bangladesh Political Science Review 15, no. 1 (October 2022): 143–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.57074/aort9262.
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Based on fieldwork conducted in the second largest city of Bangladesh, Chattogram, this paper raises concerns regarding the current situation of the low-income migrant population. It also examines how the existing urbanization and city development policies are dealing with migrants and the complexities that they face. Finally, this paper suggests innovative ways to address those challenges. The photo-voice method was implemented with different group of migrants (N=10) in Chattogram City to elicit their concerns about their living conditions and understand how the wellbeing of the migrants is affected. The results show that the low-income migrants in Chattogram City are living in extremely poor housing and suffer from a scarcity of basic services (i.e., water and sanitation) as well as a fear of fire hazards and eviction. These factors have detrimental effects on the wellbeing of the migrants. No doubt, there are enormous public health threats emanating from this poor living environment for both the migrants as well as other city dwellers. This paper will provide policy directions for the Chattogram City Corporation, City Development Authority (CDA) and relevant departments regarding taking development measures regarding the low-income migrants in Chattogram City and suggests how the housing problems of the low-income migrant group might be mitigated.
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Wąsikiewicz-Firlej, Emilia. "Language and education policy as one of the main challenges of migrant integration in Poland." Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics 48, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2021.48.2.07.
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This article aims to map current state policy and governmental responses to migrant integration in Poland, as well as to identify pressing needs and key challenges in this area, with a particular focus on language and education. It draws on a literature review and analysis of legal documents and reports on migrant integration and language policy for 1989–2020. When analysing the data, particular attention was paid to the declared state policy on migrant integration and its actual implementation, as captured in the Supreme Audit Office (NIK 2015, 2020) and Migrant Integration Policy Index reports (MIPEX 2015, 2020). The research shows that the scope of integration activities and their effects have been unsatisfactory to date. The situation of migrants in Poland was dubbed “equality on paper” in the MIPEX 2020 report. Current programmes and activities are not fostering full integration of migrants. Apart from housing and employment issues, a lack of language skills and education that is not responsive to the needs of migrants remain the main barriers to migrant integration in Poland.
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He, Chunyan, Ding Li, Qiong Ma, and Daichun Yi. "City Bias: Affordable Housing Accessibility Assessment—Evidence From 153 Prefectural Cities in China." SAGE Open 12, no. 4 (October 2022): 215824402211446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221144634.
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This study explores the invisible bias quantification of urban governments in their affordable housing service delivery, which can accurately identify the deficiencies of affordable housing policy and alleviate homelessness, poverty, and inequality. We identified complicated eligibility criteria for public rental housing programs in 153 prefectural cities and constructed a public rental housing accessibility index for urban residents and migrants. We used the principal component analysis method; this study offers a new perspective to explore these disparities. We found distinct regional differences in local governments’ behaviors and preferences regarding affordable housing. Cities’ affordable housing provision for migrants is selective and mainly targets young and highly educated migrants. We suggest that local governments pay more attention to elderly migrant workers in affordable housing provision and build a comprehensive evaluation system to set reasonable access conditions to prioritize those with urgent housing needs.
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Sidabutar, Noviyati Valentina, and Chotib Chotib. "HUBUNGAN MIGRASI TERHADAP TINGKAT KUALITAS SARANA SANITASI RUMAH TANGGA DI JAKARTA: ANALISIS DATA MIKRO SUSENAS 2017." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 15, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v15i2.534.
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Jakarta's population is influenced by dynamic population growth regarding high migration flows. Migrants can be a resource in urban development and a burden to the environment concerning population density. For instance, problems of housing provision and basic sanitation services. This study aims to identify the relationship of migration on the quality household sanitation facilities level in Jakarta. This study uses multinomial logistic regression as an analytical method by applying three migration relationships models to the quality level of household sanitation facilities. The source for the analysis is Susenas microdata of 2017. Research findings specifically indicate a significant influence of recent migration on the quality level of household sanitation facilities. It confirmed that migrant households who have stayed longer (migrant lifetime and non-migrant recent) have the opportunity to safe sanitation facilities. Similar opportunities apply to recent migrants with characteristics of older age, higher education, and high expenditure. Conversely, this study found the percentage of households within the lowest category that is identical to the lease housing status with improper living conditions. To reduce the number of the latter category, the local government needs preventive planning in dealing with migration flow. Therefore, migrants can have a comfortable life in the city.
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Bleahu, Ana. ""With calluses on your palms they don't bother you"." Focaal 2007, no. 49 (June 1, 2007): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/foc.2007.490108.
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For every official registered Romanian migrant in Italy there are between one and three illegal, unregistered migrants. This article examines the informal forms of self-organization that arise among the migrants in order to manage the challenges migrants face under a system that needs their labor but refuses to acknowledge this need publicly or institutionalize it openly. Semi-tolerated illegality determines the forms of networks both in the organization of the migration and in the forms of its integration into the labor and housing markets. This strictly ethnographic and qualitative presentation focuses on informal solutions to housing and the creation of informal labor markets and the consequences for the migrants of this enforced informality. It shows how the Italian state is caught between toleration and repression, arbitrarily switching from one mode to the other.
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Rabino, Evelyn, and Meynardo Montalbo. "Towards Migration-Responsive Local Government: Profiling, Perceived Program Needs and Driving Forces." JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research 38, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v38i1.724.
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The phenomenon of ethnic migration has been part of human history and vital to the development of cultures and civilizations. Using mixed-method inquiry, the research studied the Local Government’s responsiveness to the Muslim migrants’ need for programs relative to education, livelihood, health, and sanitation, housing, socio-civic, and cultural aspects, including investigation of the driving forces of the 155 migrants selected using purposive sampling. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed, and in addition, a subset of the participants, which included government personnel and leaders of the Muslims, were interviewed. The use of documentary analysis and observation of Muslim activities were also vital sources of data. Results showed that older migrant females have migrated for a relatively long time who have been engaged in business and trading operations, considered limited opportunities and personal reasons as driving forces of their migration; the local government’s support for the educational needs of the Muslims through Madrassah School supervised by the Department of Education, support for livelihood program, and promoting harmonious relationships between Muslims and non-Muslims through sociocultural and other programs. Results would lead to the creation of academe government linkage for a sustainable development program for Muslim migrants.
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de Lange, Tesseltje, Sandra Mantu, and Paul Minderhoud. "Into the Unknown: COVID-19 and the Global Mobility of Migrant Workers." AJIL Unbound 114 (2020): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2020.62.
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As the COVID-19 crisis developed, the International Labor Organization estimated that 4.7 percent of the global labor pool, comprising 164 million people, were migrant workers who were living and working outside their home country. While some were laid off and sent home for the lockdown, others continued working. These others were migrants performing crucial jobs in the front line of the crisis. They help to produce our food, pack our orders, and build or clean our houses, among other tasks. Many COVID-19 infections appear to be labor-related, with many of the crucial sectors exhibiting an extra-high risk of virus transmission. Migrant workers on the frontline can be low-waged, hold a temporary job, lack knowledge of their legal position and the local language, and have a limited social network and high dependency on others—such as recruiters or temporary employment agencies—for work and housing. This essay addresses these migrant vulnerabilities in the labor market and identifies measures that might simultaneously curb the vulnerabilities and account for industrial needs for labor in essential sectors. We argue that the vulnerability of migrant laborers is structural; the COVID-19 crisis has put a magnifying glass on a preexisting vulnerability and clarified the need for solutions.
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Gabster, Amanda, Monica Jhangimal, Jennifer Toller Erausquin, José Antonio Suárez, Justo Pinzón-Espinosa, Madeline Baird, Jennifer Katz, et al. "Rapid health evaluation in migrant peoples in transit through Darien, Panama: protocol for a multimethod qualitative and quantitative study." Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 8 (January 2021): 204993612110661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20499361211066190.
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Background: The world is currently unprepared to deal with the drastic increase in global migration. There is an urgent need to develop programs to protect the well-being and health of migrant peoples. Increased population movement is already evident throughout the Americas as exemplified by the rising number of migrant peoples who pass through the Darien neotropical moist broadleaf forest along the border region between Panama and Colombia. The transit of migrant peoples through this area has an increase in the last years. In 2021, an average of 9400 people entered the region per month compared with 2000–3500 people monthly in 2019. Along this trail, there is no access to health care, food provision, potable water, or housing. To date, much of what is known about health needs and barriers to health care within this population is based on journalistic reports and anecdotes. There is a need for a comprehensive approach to assess the health care needs of migrant peoples in transit. This study aims to describe demographic characteristics, mental and physical health status and needs, and experiences of host communities, and to identify opportunities to improve health care provision to migrant peoples in transit in Panama. Study design and methods: This multimethod study will include qualitative ( n = 70) and quantitative ( n = 520) components. The qualitative component includes interviews with migrant peoples in transit, national and international nongovernmental organizations and agencies based in Panama. The quantitative component is a rapid epidemiological study which includes a questionnaire and four clinical screenings: mental health, sexual and reproductive health, general and tropical medicine, and nutrition. Conclusion: This study will contribute to a better understanding of the health status and needs of migrant peoples in transit through the region. Findings will be used to allocate resources and provide targeted health care interventions for migrant peoples in transit through Darien, Panama.
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Arifin, Lilianny S., and Reidar Dale. "Housing needs of migrant women industrial workers in Surabaya: insight from a life story approach." Habitat International 29, no. 2 (June 2005): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2003.09.003.
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Iwuanyanwu, Iheoma O. "Socio-Economic Implications of Labour Migration in Akpabuyo, Cross River State Nigeria." Risks and Catastrophes Journal 27, no. 2 (December 5, 2020): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rcj2020_14.
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The relationship between migration and socio-economic development as a whole cannot be less emphasized, especially when the movement involves economically productive individuals. Migration can aid economic growth and development of both the regions of origin and destination. This study focused on those migrants who move to work and earn a living in Akpabuyo local government, Cross River State, Nigeria, as well as their relationship with the indigenes of the area. A total of 384 questionnaires were distributed to the migrants and non-migrants alike in a multi-staged process. Findings from the analyses revealed that migrant labourers contribute significantly to the overall socio-economic development of Akpabuyo and that the socio-economic well-being of migrants and non-migrants differ significantly. This was proven by the statistical result of the paired sample t-test which compared; the number of hours put into work by migrants and non-migrant (t= -3.4, p=0.001), the perception of commensurability of time and energy put into work and income derived (t=5.4, p=0.0), average monthly income (t=0.0, p=1.0) and sufficiency of income generated by migrants and non-migrants in taking care of education and healthcare needs (t=4.0, p=0.0).The study recommended that the government should set up institutions and facilities that would foster socio-economic development in Akpabuyo LGA such that can be affordable to both migrants and otherwise and encourage them to utilize same such as schools, low cost housing, health care centers, cottage industries, etc. Likewise, since migrants are key to the socio-economic development of Akpabuyo LGA, the inflow of migrants to the area should be encouraged.
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Park, Ju Hye. "A Study on the Improvement of Shelters for Migrant Women Victims of Domestic Violence: Focusing on In-depth Interviews with Migrant Women Living in Shelters and Workers." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 17, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2021.17.10.147.
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In this study in-depth interviews with six migrant women living in shelters and four workers were done to figure out how to improve the shelters for migrant women victims of domestic violence. As a result, migrant women requested the shelter to allow economic activities even partially to prepare for independence and expressed their desire to use independent space as a family unit. In addition, they asked for psychotherapy for their children, support for parenting and programs for acquiring Korean culture such as Korean language education. What they wanted most when leaving the shelter were support of housing, job and child education. The improvement suggested by the workers is as follows. At first, setting up standards for allowing migrant women’s economic activities in shelters. Secondly, strengthening the counseling for couples. Thirdly, reinforcing the education of skills of living and child rearing. Fourthly, psychological treatment and its budget for women and their accompanying children, Fifthly, expansion of various types of shelters satisfying the needs of migrant women such as self-reliance supporting shelter and family shelter. Based on these results, this study suggested how to improve the shelters for migrant women victims of domestic violence.
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Spiritus-Beerden, Eva, An Verelst, Ines Devlieger, Nina Langer Primdahl, Fábio Botelho Guedes, Antonio Chiarenza, Stephanie De Maesschalck, et al. "Mental Health of Refugees and Migrants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Experienced Discrimination and Daily Stressors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 6354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126354.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is a defining global health crisis of our time. While the impact of COVID-19, including its mental health impact, is increasingly being documented, there remain important gaps regarding the specific consequences of the pandemic on particular population groups, including refugees and migrants. This study aims to uncover the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of refugees and migrants worldwide, disentangling the possible role of social and daily stressors, i.e., experiences of discrimination and daily living conditions. Descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the responses of N = 20,742 refugees and migrants on the self-reporting global ApartTogether survey. Survey findings indicated that the mental health of refugees and migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly impacted, particularly for certain subgroups, (i.e., insecure housing situation and residence status, older respondents, and females) who reported experiencing higher levels of increased discrimination and increases in daily life stressors. There is a need to recognize the detrimental mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on particular refugee and migrant groups and to develop interventions that target their unique needs.
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Chen, Nanqian, Yanpei Shen, Hailun Liang, and Rui Guo. "Housing and Adult Health: Evidence from Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030916.
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Housing is one of the social determinants of health and the most basic survival needs of human beings. Many studies have preliminarily confirmed that housing factors can influence residents’ health. The aims of this study were: to evaluate the housing factors associated with self-rated health and mental health among Chinese residents; to explore the regional heterogeneity of the impact of housing on health; and to assess the effects of housing on health among different age groups. Data was derived from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). Housing factors were analyzed along six dimensions: housing property, living space, number of living people, number of houses, living region and housing price. Self-rated health and mental health were used to measure health outcomes. Multivariate ordered logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between housing and health. The living space, living region and housing price was significantly associated with self-rated health. The number of living people living region and housing price were related to mental health. The influence of housing factors on health were more pronounced among residents living in eastern and central area and among the middle-aged group (41–65). Present findings support the notion that housing factors were related to health outcomes. Future studies may focus on the impact of interventions that target on these factors, and the impact of housing on health among special groups such as migrant population and low-and-middle income families.
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RYNDZAK, Olha. "STATE REGULATION OF THE NATIVE MIGRANTS’ REMITTANCES." Economy of Ukraine 2021, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.03.087.
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The remittances of the migrants can become one of the most significant positive results of international migration. Still, the usage of their capabilities demands scientific-based prudent state control. In Ukraine, the policy in this field is merely at the stage of the development. The international experience of the realization of the ways of revenue stimulation from international migrants and the main ways of their mobilization in the development of countries – suppliers of the labor power have been reviewed. The main channels of international money transfers and their fees have been analyzed. According to the sociological survey of the Ukrainian migrants, the individual aspects of their economic behavior have been clarified. In this connection, it turned out that most of the respondents send their funds to Ukraine, where they are mostly spent to the satisfaction of daily needs of the family and also to the accommodations of the migrant during his staying home. Besides, in Ukraine, the common ways of use of money earned abroad are the purchase of durable goods, savings, repairs, and housing reconstruction. In the meantime, the survey has exposed the low willingness to invest their money in Ukraine. The investments into the business function are the most common way of the possible investment of the migrant funds. The research has proved the necessity of the state policy development in the field of regulation of the remittances. The measures of such regulations are systematized in two directions. The first one applies to the transfers and transferring channels themselves. The objective of such regulation is the money transfers of the migrants from abroad through the official channels and increasing of their rate. The second one is connected directly with the transfer usage. Its objective is the spending of such funds for the benefit of development and their effective usage.
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Argaw, Mesele Damte, Asfawesen GebreYohannes Woldegiorgis, Habtamu Aderaw Workineh, Berhane Alemayhu Akelom, Mesfin Eshetu Abebe, Derebe Tadesse Abate, and Eshetu Gezahegn Ashenafi. "Access to malaria prevention and control interventions among seasonal migrant workers: A multi-region formative assessment in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): e0246251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246251.
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Background Mobile or seasonal migrant workers are at increased risk for acquiring malaria infections and can be the primary source of malaria reintroduction into receptive areas. The aim of this formative assessment was to describe access to malaria prevention and control interventions among seasonal migrant or mobile workers in seven regional states of Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional formative assessment was conducted using a qualitative and quantitative mixed-method design, between October 2015 and October 2016. Quantitative data were collected from organizations that employ seasonal migrant workers and were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and ArcGIS 10.8 (Geo-spatial data). Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interview from 23 key informants (7 seasonal migrant workers, and 16 experts and managers of development projects who had hired seasonal migrant workers), which were recorded, transcribed, translated, coded, and thematically analyzed. Results There were 1,017,888 seasonal migrant workers employed in different developmental organizations including large-scale crop cultivating farms, sugar cane plantations, horticulture, road and house construction work, and gold mining and panning. Seasonal migrant workers’ housing facilities were poorly structured and overcrowded (30 people living per 64 square meter room) limiting the use of indoor residual spraying (IRS), and forcing seasonal migrant workers not to use long lasting insecticidal treated nets (LLINs). Seasonal migrant workers are engaged in nighttime activities when employment includes watering farmlands, harvesting sesame, and transporting sugar cane from the field to factories. Despite such high-risk living conditions, access and utilization of preventive and curative services by the seasonal workers were limited. Informal migrant worker employment systems by development organizations and inadequate technical and financial support coupled with poor supply chain management limited the planning and delivery of malaria prevention and treatment strategies targeting seasonal migrant workers. Conclusions Seasonal migrant workers in seven regions of Ethiopia were at substantial risk of acquiring malaria. Existing malaria prevention, control and management interventions were inadequate. This will contribute to the resurgence of outbreaks of malaria in areas where transmission has been lowered. A coordinated action is needed among all stakeholders to identify the size of seasonal migrant workers and develop and implement a comprehensive strategy to address their healthcare needs.
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Riza, Elena, Argiro Karakosta, Thomas Tsiampalis, Despoina Lazarou, Angeliki Karachaliou, Spyridon Ntelis, Vasilios Karageorgiou, and Theodora Psaltopoulou. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions about Cervical Cancer Risk, Prevention and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Vulnerable Women in Greece." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 6892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186892.
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Cervical cancer can be largely preventable through primary and secondary prevention activities. Following the financial crisis in Greece since 2011 and the increased number of refugees/migrants since 2015 the proportion of vulnerable population groups in Greece increased greatly and the ability of the healthcare sector to respond and to cover the health needs of the population is put under tremendous stress. A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the characteristics of vulnerable women in Greece regarding cervical cancer risk factors, prevention through screening activities and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) knowledge. Two cohorts of women aged 18 to 70 years were studied (142 in 2012 and 122 in 2017) who completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire based on the behavioural model for vulnerable populations. According to this model, the factors that affect the behaviour of women in relation with their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine in our study sample are categorised in predisposing factors (age, educational status, nationality menopausal status and housing) and enabling factors (lack of insurance coverage). Results from both univariate and multivariate analyses show that older age, low educational background, refugee/migrant or ethnic minority (Roma) background, menopausal status, housing conditions and lack of insurance coverage are linked with insufficient knowledge on risk factors for cervical cancer and false attitudes and perceptions on cervical cancer preventive activities (Pap smear and HPV vaccine). This is the first study in Greece showing the lack of knowledge and the poor attitudes and perceptions on cervical cancer screening and the HPV vaccine in various groups of vulnerable women. Our results indicate the need of health education and intervention activities according to the characteristics and needs of each group.
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Spade, Dean. "Solidarity Not Charity." Social Text 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-7971139.
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This article argues that, in the face of worsening conditions from climate change, enhanced border enforcement, a growing wealth gap, housing crises, and policing, social movements should focus on expanding mutual aid strategies. Mutual aid projects directly address survival needs, mobilize large numbers of people to participate in movements actively rather than solely participating online or through voting, and offer spaces to practice new social relations. The article looks at examples from efforts for migrant justice, police and prison abolition, disaster relief, and other contemporary struggles and discusses potential pitfalls of mutual aid strategies, such as supplementing and therefore stabilizing existing systems of maldistribution and adopting principles and practices from the charity frameworks that proliferate in capitalism.
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Sanghera, Balihar. "Justice, power and informal settlements: Understanding the juridical view of property rights in Central Asia." International Sociology 35, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580919877596.
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The article examines how judges and lawyers struggle to legitimise and normalise private property rights against attempts by poor and migrant groups to politicise housing and social needs in Central Asia. It discusses the juridical understanding of justice and equality in relation to property rights violations on the outskirts of major cities in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. It argues that the juridical system is central in construing property rights and obligations, and in so doing social inequalities are legitimised and naturalised in a neoliberalising post-Soviet space. The article uses the concepts of ‘the moral economy’ and ‘the juridical field’ to examine how judges and lawyers justify and normalise their ways of interpreting and ordering the social world.
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Osman, Amira, and Catherine Lemmer. "Open Building Principles: An Academic Exploration in Soshanguve, South Africa." Open House International 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2005-b0010.
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The Department of Architecture at the University of Pretoria is working in the South African housing context while gaining knowledge of such issues worldwide. Various innovations are being carried out in terms of housing design and delivery methods in South Africa. Through a methodical approach to design, it is believed that future architects will be able to answer to contextual needs without compromising the high standard of design expected by the Department. This paper evaluates an exercise in open building principles, carried out in 2003, with post−graduate architecture and interior architecture students at the University. The focus was the application of open building principles from the urban design level to that of the building and the residential units. It involved the design of social housing and the upgrading of existing workers’ hostels into family units as well as the provision of social amenities. Students were to design various types of housing, showing alternative ways of ‘living’ and study housing in the area. The project involved close interaction with community representatives. The area of study was located in Soshanguve, a township with predominantly black inhabitants, situated to the northwest of Pretoria. The previous political dispensation designated specific areas on the outskirts of the city as locations for black migrant workers, known as townships. Subsequently these townships have become cities in themselves, housing a large portion of the total population of Pretoria. It is here that there is a need for urban development and social housing. Soshanguve offered an excellent opportunity for learning and the dissemination of good design principles in housing design. A debate on the relevance of open building to South Africa has been initiated. It is concluded that open building systems are an effective tool to achieve diversity and can accommodate for wider sectors of the population.
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Yang, Hui, Honglin Chen, and Aaron Hagedorn. "Medical and housing needs of older part-time migrant workers and the role of government: the Linyi model in China." Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development 29, no. 3 (May 9, 2019): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02185385.2019.1613442.
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Johnson, Caroline, Kimberly Dukes, Emily Sinnwell, Kennith Culp, Daniel Zinnel, and Claudia Corwin. "Innovative Cohort Process to Minimize COVID-19 Infection for Migrant Farmworkers During Travel to Iowa." Workplace Health & Safety 70, no. 1 (January 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21650799211045308.
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Background: Migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW) experience disproportionate infection, severe disease and death from COVID-19. This report describes an innovative process to address the safety of MSFW that utilized cohorting that eventually allowed for safe release to work in the fields on a large family farm in Iowa. Methods: Upon worker departure from Mexico, the employer arranged for bus seat assignments, mask use, and hand hygiene practice during the 3-day trip to Iowa. Upon arrival at the farm, surveillance testing and low-density housing cohorting based upon travel seat assignments allowed for early identification of infected workers and appropriate quarantine as per CDC guidelines. Upon completion of isolation or quarantine as appropriate, workers were released to congregate housing and work in the fields. Findings: Compared to a migrant farmworker COVID-19 outbreak without travel pre-planning, the cohorting process produced a 3.5% positivity rate compared to an earlier season July farmworker group on the same farm with a 12.7% positivity rate. Conclusions/Application to Practice: The success of this model points to the power of collaboration between farm employer, health care providers and workers to minimize worker infection and enable safe work in the fields. Increased state and federal support for MSFW protections could support infrastructure to proactively plan for prevention mechanisms to prevent the spread of known communicable disease. With support in place from the top down, employers, workers, and health care providers will be able to prioritize the management of infectious diseases and the needs of essential workers.
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Irkhin, I. V. "National and Ethnic Enclaves in the Modern World: Nature, Regulatory Instruments (Public Law Aspect). Part 2." Lex Russica, no. 12 (December 23, 2021): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.181.12.044-057.
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As part of the study, the author has carried out the analysis of the problems of the risks of emergence of enclaves and defined the immanent threats, including enclavization (the phenomenon of “proto-enclave”) of the territories of some of the largest Russian urban agglomerations. The paper explores actual public law approaches to preventing the formation of national-ethnic enclaves in the Russian Federation (at national and regional levels of legal regulation) and suggests proposals for optimizing relevant approaches. The author substantiates the necessity of developing a comprehensive federal strategy of a framework nature covering the issues of spatial development, economy, social sphere, migration, demography, interethnic, interfaith, cultural policy. In order to implement a dispersed method of national-ethnic groups resettlement, based on the study of the experience of Sweden and Denmark, a position is argued about the rationality of expanding the scope of powers of local governments in the field of registration of migrants, normative fixation of the possibility of migrants living within specific municipalities (several specific municipalities). The author proposes to create unified centers for the distribution (location) of migrants, authorized to issue referrals to work in specific municipalities, taking into account their requests (needs) for a given workforce and reasons for the impossibility of attracting citizens of the Russian Federation living within specific municipalities to the relevant vacancies. Attention is drawn to the need to develop an integrated information resource on vacancies for migrants and on housing options available to them. The author emphasizes the importance of raising the qualification (competence) requirements for the profession and education of migrants, their relationship with integration of migrants into the host community, minimizing the risks of radicalization of the socio-cultural environment of migrant groups.
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Winiarska, Aleksandra, and Magdalena Wojno. "Local Perspective on the Practices and Challenges of Migrant Integration." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 18, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 341–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.18.3.4.
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Poland is currently experiencing a transition with regard to migration trends. Foreign immigration, perceived until recently as a secondary issue by public administration, is on the increase. The largest groups of immigrants have traditionally included Ukrainians and the Vietnamese, although the country has not experienced a significant influx of foreigners arriving from Middle East and African countries. At present, Poland has no migration policy document in force and integrative actions are undertaken mostly by local governments, typically on an ad hoc basis. As Poland’s capital city, Warsaw plays a key role in governing diversity and implementing integrative actions. Significant challenges to immigrant integration include barriers to settlement and discrimination on the labour and housing market, along with a substantial rise in negative attitudes towards foreigners amongst members of Polish society. It is mainly this last aspect that is addressed by Warsaw’s local government, which prioritises educational and awareness-raising measures. It must be acknowledged that this is done in close cooperation with the non-governmental sector, where organisations with expertise in relevant fields are commissioned to perform many tasks. The main challenge of integrative actions at the local level is that these are mostly incoherent measures, which in most cases are not sufficient for the actual needs of immigrants. Hence, it is necessary to develop systemic solutions with sound, long-term financing. Moreover, in order for integration to be successful, it is essential to ensure the coordination of measures taken by public institutions at both central and local government level and to ensure the participation of immigrant communities in the development of public policies.
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Anisa, Naila, Oryza Lhara Sari, Andika Ade Indra Saputra, Rosa Gallica, and Dwigida Aprilla. "Unit Optimalization Using the QM App for Windows on Perumahan Bukit Aradiar Permai Balikpapan." Journal of Applied Sciences, Management and Engineering Technology 2, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jasmet.2021.v2i2.2180.
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<p><em>Abstract</em></p><p>Housing demand continues to increase along with the increase in economic activity and the number of residents in the city of Balikpapan according to the 2017 Central Statistics Agency as many as 636,012 people to 645,727 people. The increase in housing demand is driven by the community's perspective that home ownership must be met while housing availability is limited. Based on the Balikpapan City Government in the 2012 Regional Spatial Plan, the plan to develop a spatial pattern of cultivation areas is more directed towards the north and east parts of the city so that population growth and development are not concentrated in the city center. This is a challenge for housing providers to meet the needs of long-lived communities and migrant communities by building housing located in the East of Balikpapan City as a place to live. The increase in land prices is so high in Balikpapan due to the movement of the capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, making housing prices also higher. The limited land owned by the housing developer must be utilized as well as possible for the construction of housing units, construction of facilities, and the existence of green space in the housing according to government regulations related to Balikpapan City RTRW. Land owned by housing developers that vary in shape is extremely limited with the type of house being built also varies and the price of the unit offered is different for each unit. For this reason, the developer must be able to optimize the production of the type of house that will be built based on government regulations and the National Spatial Plan, optimizing the land to get the optimum profit. This optimization uses the assistive application of QM for Windows and obtained 98 units for type 40/120 and type 45/120 for 102 units with optimum profit yielding Rp 104,292,098,201 for the BEP method.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Optimization</em><em>;</em><em> QM For Windows</em><em>;</em><em> Unit.</em></p>
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Chung, Roger Yat-Nork, and Jonathan Ka-Long Mak. "Physical and Mental Health of Live-In Female Migrant Domestic Workers: A Randomly Sampled Survey in Hong Kong." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 802–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220910215.
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There has been a rising trend of labor migration globally. Given their alien status within the legal framework of the host countries, migrant domestic workers (MDWs) are especially vulnerable to poor employment conditions that may affect their health status, yet there is still a lack of quantitative evidence in this population hitherto. Using randomly sampled data from a cross-sectional survey of 2,017 live-in female MDWs in Hong Kong, a setting with a high concentration of MDWs, this study examined the association of employment conditions with physical and mental health among the MDWs. We observed poorer physical and mental health status among the MDWs when compared with the general population in Hong Kong. Our findings suggest that employment conditions, including household size, working on the rest day, and housing type, and age were associated with physical health, while employment conditions, including not ever receiving wages on time, frequency of financial remittances, paying the employment agency, having a private room, fulfillment of work-related needs, physical abuse, and discrimination, and sociodemographic characteristics, including age and duration of migration, were associated with mental health. Social support in general did not confound these associations, but religious activities and daily contact with friends were also associated with mental health. Our findings have important implications in designing interventions and policies to improve the physical and mental well-being of this vulnerable migrant population.
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Lyovochkina, A. "VOLUNTEERING AS A MEANS OF SHAPING THE SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF MIGRANTS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Social work, no. 4 (2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-7786.2018/4-1/2.
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he article analyzes the socio-psychological problems of the re-socialization of internally displaced persons. Among the main problems of this category of residents of Ukraine is the problem of reducing social activity. The lack of social activity, in turn, complicates the processes of adaptation to a new place of residence and re-socialization. The psychological symptoms characteristic of migrants that make up "Migrant syndrome" are considered. "Migrant syndrome" consists of the following symptoms: rental units; the position of the "victim"; symptom evacuation; symptom of missed opportunities; symptom of exclusivity; a symptom of a lost future; a symptom of lost happiness, and also a symptom of learned helplessness. Rental installations of internally displaced persons depended on the constant humanitarian assistance of the Center and citizens. The position of the "victim" was that migrants considered themselves to be a victim of circumstances and did not consider themselves to be the subject of their life. The symptom of the evacuation was that the settlers considered the new place of residence temporary and did not try to change it according to their needs. The symptom of missed opportunities was due to the fact that the settlers left their housing, work, business and did not see an opportunity to materialize in a new place. The symptom of the exclusivity of migrants manifested itself in the fact that they did not accept their life difficulties and did not want to make efforts to overcome them, but only required external support. The symptom of a lost future was that this contingent believed that all achievements were in the past, and nothing was waiting for them ahead. The symptom of lost happiness is associated with previous symptoms and is that these people are sure that they will never be able to become happy because they have suffered irreparable losses. The symptom of learned helplessness among the immigrants was developed when they endlessly faced insurmountable obstacles and they had the impression that they could do nothing. Ways of overcoming the indicated syndrome and methods for the formation of social interest and social activity of immigrants by introducing them to volunteer activities, which, in turn, contribute to the process of re-socialization, are proposed. We have offered volunteer trainings on the basis of the Kiev Centre for Assistance to Refugees and Migrants. The training suggested the formation of ideas about the possibilities of volunteering and its role in the personal growth of a volunteer. The objectives of the trainings included: the development of social activity; development of skills in the field of volunteer management, as well as assistance in building life plans. The trainings contributed to the reorientation of migrants from the objects of volunteer assistance to the subjects. Presents the results of the overcoming the "Migrant Syndrome", which was achieved by volunteers. As shown by our research conducted at the Center, immigrants who are actively involved in volunteer's work have largely lost the symptoms that make up the "Immigrant Syndrome". Active citizenship and social activity, which was formed in this category of persons was the key to their re-socialization and further personal growth.
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Khoiriyah C, Nailatul, and Konita Mardia. "Faktor dan Dampak TKW Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga Petani." Tasharruf : Journal of Islamic Economics and Business 2, no. 2 (November 9, 2021): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55757/tasharruf.v2i2.79.
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Poverty is a global problem, often associated with needs, difficulties and deficiencies in various living conditions, especially in the agricultural sector. The picture of material shortages which usually includes daily needs for food, clothing, housing, and health services. The problem of poverty in rural areas is more commonly found in dry land-based areas, and the symptoms of poverty are caused, among others, by the relatively less natural carrying capacity, Socio-economic infrastructure is not evenly distributed and institutions have not yet reached the local community and the quality of human resources is still relatively low. This study aims to describe: (1). What are the factors that cause peasant women to become migrant workers abroad, (2). Describe the impact of international migration of female workers (TKW, on the socio-economic conditions of the farming families left behind, while the TKW is abroad, 3) Describe the impact of international migration of female workers (TKW), on the socio-economic conditions of farming families, after TKW returns to their home area The results of this study are as follows: the study shows there are (1) factors that influence respondents to make international migration which are grouped into three parts, namely: personal factors, push factors, pull factors. The amount of remittance contributions for basic household needs. The chosen business capital is trading or opening a shop, while savings or savings are in the form of jewelry because according to them jewelry is also useful to show prestige in society.
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Murphy, Clíodhna, Leanne Caulfield, and Mary Gilmartin. "Developing immigrant integration policy in the Irish public sector: An international human rights and public sector duty approach." Administration 67, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/admin-2019-0025.
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AbstractThis paper outlines a new approach to the development of immigrant integration policy in Ireland that is informed by an international human rights and public sector duty perspective. Based on a comprehensive review, the paper outlines the current state of immigrant integration policies in the Irish public sector, highlighting the limited awareness of this issue among public bodies. It also provides practical guidance for public bodies wishing to develop more effective immigrant integration policies, drawing from international human rights treaties and from examples of policy development in Ireland. Given the reality that Ireland is now a well-established immigrant-receiving country, the paper concludes that Ireland urgently needs a coherent and comprehensive approach to the development of immigrant integration policy. A human-rights-based approach offers such a method and would allow Ireland, through its public sector, to become a leader in immigrant integration policy development. This approach requires the elaboration of specific integration policies in order to ensure that migrant populations can practically access fundamental human rights such as housing, education, healthcare and employment.
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Carreño-Calderón, Alejandra, Baltica Cabieses, and M. Eliana Correa-Matus. "Individual and structural barriers to Latin American refugees and asylum seekers' access to primary and mental healthcare in Chile: A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): e0241153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241153.
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Background Since 2010 there has been a growing population of refugees and asylum seekers in Latin America. This study sought to investigate the perceived experiences and healthcare needs of refugees and asylum seekers of Latin American origin in Chile in order to identify main barriers to healthcare and provide guidance on allied challenges for the public healthcare system. Methods Descriptive qualitative case study with semi-structured interviews applied to refugees and asylum seekers (n = 8), healthcare workers (n = 4), and members of Non-Governmental Organizations and religious foundations focused on working with refugees and asylum seekers in Chile (n = 2). Results Although Chilean law guarantees access to all levels of healthcare for the international migrant population, the specific healthcare needs of refugees and asylum seekers were not adequately covered. Primary care and mental healthcare were the most required types of service for participants, yet they appeared to be the most difficult to access. Difficulties in social integration -including access to healthcare, housing, and education- upon arrival and lengthy waiting times for legal status of refugees also presented great barriers to effective healthcare provision and wellbeing. Healthcare workers and members of organizations indicated the need for more information about refugee and asylum-seeking populations, their rights and conditions, as well as more effective and tailored healthcare interventions for them, especially for emergency mental healthcare situations. Conclusions All participants perceived that there was disinformation among institutional actors regarding the healthcare needs of refugees and asylum seekers in Chile. They also perceived that there were barriers to access to primary care and mental healthcare, which might lead to overuse of emergency services. This study highlights a sense of urgency to protect the social and healthcare needs of refugees and asylum seekers in Latin America.
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Dwyer, Peter, and David Brown. "Meeting Basic Needs? Forced Migrants and Welfare." Social Policy and Society 4, no. 4 (October 2005): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746405002538.
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As the number of forced migrants entering Britain has risen, increasingly restrictive immigration and asylum policy has been introduced. Simultaneously, successive governments have sought to limit the welfare entitlements of forced migrants. Drawing on two sets of semi-structured qualitative interviews, with migrants and key respondents providing welfare services, this paper considers the adequacy of welfare provisions in relation to the financial and housing needs of four different groups of forced migrants i.e. refugees, asylum seekers, those with humanitarian protection status and failed asylum seekers/‘overstayers’. There is strong evidence to suggest that statutory provisions are failing to meet the basic financial and housing needs of many forced migrants.
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Booth, Andrew, Louise Preston, Susan Baxter, Ruth Wong, Duncan Chambers, and Janette Turner. "Interventions to manage use of the emergency and urgent care system by people from vulnerable groups: a mapping review." Health Services and Delivery Research 7, no. 33 (September 2019): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr07330.
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Background The NHS currently faces increasing demands on accident and emergency departments. Concern has been expressed regarding whether the needs of vulnerable groups are being handled appropriately or whether alternative methods of service delivery may provide more appropriate emergency and urgent care services for particular groups. Objective Our objective was to identify what interventions exist to manage use of the emergency and urgent care system by people from a prespecified list of vulnerable groups. We aimed to describe the characteristics of these interventions and examine service delivery outcomes (for patients and the health service) resulting from these interventions. Review methods We conducted an initial mapping review to assess the quantity and nature of the published research evidence relating to seven vulnerable groups (socioeconomically deprived people and families, migrants, ethnic minority groups, the long-term unemployed/inactive, people with unstable housing situations, people living in rural/isolated areas and people with substance abuse disorders). Databases, including MEDLINE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and other sources were searched between 2008 and 2018. Quantitative and qualitative systematic reviews and primary studies of any design were eligible for inclusion. In addition, we searched for UK interventions and initiatives by examining press reports, commissioning plans and casebooks of ‘good practice’. We carried out a detailed intervention analysis, using an adapted version of the TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) framework for describing interventions, and an analysis of current NHS practice initiatives. Results We identified nine different types of interventions: care navigators [three studies – moderate GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations)], care planning (three studies – high), case finding (five studies – moderate), case management (four studies – high), front of accident and emergency general practice/front-door streaming model (one study – low), migrant support programme (one study – low), outreach services and teams (two studies – moderate), rapid access doctor/paramedic/urgent visiting services (one study – low) and urgent care clinics (one systematic review – moderate). Few interventions had been targeted at vulnerable populations; instead, they represented general population interventions or were targeted at frequent attenders (who may or may not be from vulnerable groups). Interventions supported by robust evidence (care navigators, care planning, case finding, case management, outreach services and teams, and urgent care clinics) demonstrated an effect on the general population, rather than specific population effects. Many programmes mixed intervention components (e.g. case finding, case management and care navigators), making it difficult to isolate the effect of any single component. Promising UK initiatives (front of accident and emergency general practice/front-door streaming model, migrant support programmes and rapid access doctor/paramedic/urgent visiting services) lacked rigorous evaluation. Evaluation should therefore focus on the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these initiatives. Conclusions The review identified a limited number of intervention types that may be useful in addressing the needs of specific vulnerable populations, with little evidence specifically relating to these groups. The evidence highlights that vulnerable populations encompass different subgroups with potentially differing needs, and also that interventions seem particularly context sensitive. This indicates a need for a greater understanding of potential drivers for varying groups in specific localities. Limitations Resources did not allow exhaustive identification of all UK initiatives; the examples cited are indicative. Future work Research is required to examine how specific vulnerable populations differentially benefit from specific types of alternative service provision. Further exploration, using primary mixed-methods data and potentially realist evaluation, is required to explore what works for whom under what circumstances. Rigorous evaluation of UK initiatives is required, including a specific need for economic evaluations and for studies that incorporate effects on the wider emergency and urgent care system. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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LOSHENIUK, Oksana. "IMPROVING THE TOOLS OF THE STATE MIGRATION POLICY IN UKRAINE." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 3(52) (2017): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2017.03.147.
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Introduction. The study of the problem of international labor migration in Ukraine indicates the need for strategic planning and creation of such a state economic policy that would take into account as much as possible the interests of the country, its absolute and comparative advantages, and also approach to world standards. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the global trends of migration flows and the peculiarities of international labor migration in Ukraine in order to determine the priority directions of their regulation. Results. In this article the issue of regulation of international labor migration in Ukraine are investigated. The principles are analyzed and the main objectives of the Concept of the State Migration Policy in Ukraine (ensuring sustainable socio-economic and demographic development; satisfaction of the needs of the country’s economy in the human resources of the proper quality and in sufficient quantity; reduction of population losses due to emigration; protection of rights and interests of Ukrainian migrants abroad, development of close ties with them, use of the potential of diasporas in the interests of Ukraine’s development; the return of migrant workers, the creation of attractive conditions for the use of their currency savings in small and medium-sized enterprises, agriculture, housing construction, etc.; promotion of the repatriation of ethnic Ukrainians and their descendants, who come from other nationalities in Ukraine, that is, close to the language and culture of the population; a metered expansion of the admission of certain categories of economic immigrants on a temporary basis, the development of mechanisms that would enable, in accordance with certain criteria, the conversion of their temporary status into permanent; the attraction and effective use of private money transfers sent by migrants; adaptation of foreign migrants to socio-economic conditions in Ukraine, prevention of racism and xenophobia) are specified. Positive and negative effects of money transfers of migrants to Ukraine are presented. It is substantiated that the use of electronic payment systems (PayPal, WebMoney) will be an effective tool for reducing the cost of transfer. The experience of Poland in the sphere of regulation of immigration flows has been analyzed and it has been shown that its migration policy after the entry into the EU was aimed at the active involvement of emigrants, primarily from Ukraine and Belarus. The complex of directions on regulation of international labor migration has been formed and the tools of their implementation have been developed. Conclusion. Improving the tools of the state migration policy in Ukraine lies in the implementation of a more stringent immigration policy; attraction of labor migrants ready to invest in the economy of the country and foreign students on a paid basis; increasing the level of adaptation of international immigrants; the reduction of emigration (especially young people), the attraction of private money transfers and their implementation into the economy of Ukraine and the regulation of foreign employment of Ukrainian citizens.
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Crawford, Gemma, Elizabeth Connor, Kahlia McCausland, Karina Reeves, and Krysten Blackford. "Public Health Interventions to Address Housing and Mental Health amongst Migrants from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds Living in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 16946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416946.
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Migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) backgrounds experience factors that may increase health inequities related to a range of determinants of health including housing and mental health. However, the intersection between mental health and housing for migrants is poorly understood. A scoping review searched four academic databases for concepts related to cultural and linguistic diversity, housing conditions, and public health interventions to address homelessness. A total of 49 articles were included and seven key themes identified: housing provision; mental health intersections and interventions; complexity and needs beyond housing; substance use; service provider and policy issues; the role of cultural and linguistic diversity; and consumer experience. The intersection of ethnicity with other social determinants of health and housing was highlighted though there were limited interventions tailored for migrants. Studies generally pointed to the positive impacts of Housing First. Other sub-themes emerged: social connection and community; shame, stigma, and discrimination; health and support requirements; and employment, financial assistance, and income. Consumer choice was identified as vital, along with the need for systemic anti-racism work and interventions. To support secure housing for migrants and mitigate mental health impacts, closer attention is required towards migration factors along with broader, tailored services complementing housing provision.
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Saputra, Apriansyah, and Hendrajaya Isnaeni. "Building Rejuvenation Approach Through Revitalization, Rehabilitation and Redevelopment - Case of Vertical Housing in Jakarta." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 04036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186704036.
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Jakarta, as the center of government, trading, business, and industry becomes the main destination for many migrants to find jobs. This results in the massive population increase in Jakarta every year while the urban area availability has contrast proportion with the needs of housing area. The limited urban area, as well as the increase of land value, is not possible to build new housing area in the city center. The solution of this problem is rejuvenation of the buildings that have already existed. In this case, the writers carry the rejuvenation case of the vertical housing in Kebon Kacang XI that is close to the age limit of the building and has looked slum thus created visibility gap between the vertical housing and the other housing areas and could get the gentrification results. Besides, Kebon Kacang XI vertical housing is located in the center of Jakarta and has increasing BCR so that it is able to maximize the unit of building capacity to fulfill the needs of affordable houses in the city. The aims of this paper are to find out and to compare three different forms of rejuvenation as the solution of housing area provision for the low-income people in the city center through revitalization, rehabilitation, and redevelopment approach.
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Lilius, Johanna, and Dimitris Balampanidis. "“Live Like a Lifelong Tourist”? The Contradicting Realities of Finnish Offshore Service Workers in Athens." Urban Planning 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i3.2990.
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Contrasting the mass out-migration of the younger populace following the economic crisis in Greece and the simultaneous large inflow of refugees, the city of Athens has lately become an attractive place for tourists and lifestyle migrants. This article provides a better understanding of the marginal, yet unexplored in-migration of relatively affluent Europeans moving to Athens to work in the growing offshore service sector. Athens is an attractive place for offshore service work companies, as low salaries can be compensated for by “the sun,” “Greek culture,” and “low cost and high standard of living” (Bellos, 2019). Based on interviews with Finnish offshore workers, this article argues that the local context might not render all lifestyle migrants from wealthier countries similarly privileged. Due to their low salaries and recent changes in the local housing market fuelled by touristification, offshore service workers face a lack of affordable housing. The article further argues that affluent transnational migration is a multidimensional phenomenon, which needs to be contextualized, and which has nuanced, widespread effects on local housing markets and neighbourhood life.
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Saidu, Aliyu Ibrahim, and Chunho Yeom. "Success Criteria Evaluation for a Sustainable and Affordable Housing Model: A Case for Improving Household Welfare in Nigeria Cities." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020656.
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Due to rapid urbanization and the recent growing influx of migrants from politically fragile states, cities are now faced with an impending housing problem. In developing countries like Nigeria, the impacts of the housing problem, which include economic, social (humanitarian), and environmental crises, are evident. Recently, sustainability has become a central theme for public discussion, not only in expanding housing for the growing population but also in improving the quality of residential livelihoods of low-income households without compromising the housing needs of future generations. So far, there have been numerous studies conducted on sustainable housing in Nigeria, touching on sustainability in housing but mostly from the professionals’ point of view. Therefore, a document content analysis to generate success criteria and a survey for household validation were conducted. Results show that security ranks the highest, and other criteria of importance include accessibility, adaptability, utility, technology, community, affordability, and acceptability. Hence, the study concludes that social and environmental sustainability in housing should enhance household satisfaction by ensuring the security and welfare of its residents, adapt to its immediate environment, be acceptable, be supported with social amenity to integrate the community through participation, and, finally, manage household utility efficiently.
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OSIPOVIČ, DOROTA. "Conceptualisations of Welfare Deservingness by Polish Migrants in the UK." Journal of Social Policy 44, no. 4 (April 28, 2015): 729–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279415000215.
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AbstractThe issue of reconciling ethnic diversity with the welfare state is a subject of long-standing theoretical debate. In particular, it remains unclear to what extent a shared national identity is necessary for endorsing claims to welfare at the individual and societal levels. Surveys show that migrants are seen as the least deserving category of welfare recipients. Yet migrants’ own views are rarely considered. Based on a qualitative study, this paper explores how Polish migrants residing in London conceptualised their deservingness to British welfare benefits and social housing. It finds a strong preference for conditionality of welfare predicated on contributions through work, payment of taxes and law abidance. Such conditionality applied to both in-group and out-group members thus transcending identity-based claims. These contributions were seen as both necessary and sufficient for laying claims to the British welfare system. Solely needs-based claims were seen as problematic.
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Dubus, Nicole. "Resiliency with Forced Migrants: A Qualitative Study of Providers and Forced Migrants through a Resilience Perspective." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12020027.
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In the last ten years, the world has experienced unprecedented, forced migration due to civil unrest, political persecution, and the ever-growing climate crisis. This is a qualitative study of the professional experiences of social workers (n = 73) working with forced migrants (n = 34) and the lived experiences of forced migrants in several countries: Germany, Greece, Iceland, Mexico, Switzerland, and the United States. Social workers reported that most of their interventions involved short-term case management that focused on securing initial housing and healthcare. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was the primary intervention for behavioral health issues. The recipients of these services were appreciative of the pragmatic approach of case management as it helped them meet concrete needs. When resiliency enhancing interventions were used, recipients reported a greater sense of self-control, greater optimism for the future, and less anxious symptoms. The resiliency model used is discussed. This is a possible universal approach to working with forced migrants.
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Livina, Agita, and Sarmite Rozentale. "TALENT RETENTION, ATTRACTION AND THE REQUIRED FUTURE SKILLS FOR EMPLOYEES IN WINNING CITIES IN RURAL REGIONS." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (April 17, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2019.20.
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INTRODUCTION
The article intends to identify the factors that can retain talented people and attract new talent in small and medium-sized urban areas of European scale, especially in regions with declining and ageing populations. The problem is topical in today's Europe and as well as in Japan. It is equally important to understand the skills needed and the sectors where talents are required in small and medium-sized urban areas with an ascending development trend.
The theoretical background of the research is based on literature studies on the theory of talent flow, knowing the factors of the talent flow in small and medium-sized cities, and building the talent flow models based on them. The article discusses the concept of talent (Michaels et al. 2001, several dictionaries, understanding of Valmiera residents). The researchers define that talented people fascinate others, create and implement ideas and have good reasoning skills. Until now, mainly in Europe and in the USA, the attraction of talent at the level of cities and regions has been implemented through migration policy. The administrative boundaries where the migrant talents come from are not as important as the factors that encourage the decisions on the choice of the place of living and work.
In Estonia a National Policy for Attracting and Retaining International Talents (2014) has been developed. The findings of the report on models for attracting talent in Europe through the public sector are relevant to small and medium-sized urban areas.
In the case study, there are no respondents representing a migrant group that is not a diaspora, and this is a specific feature of a small and medium-sized urban area.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The empirical part has been developed through a study in Valmiera City (Latvia, Europe) with a population of 23 thousand inhabitants, aiming at increasing this number by 5000 and further boosting growth in the city's competitiveness in human resources. A survey of 25 experts was conducted initially to highlight the trends. In order to obtain the data, 29 interviews were conducted with the city's entrants, outgoing residents and the steady, already stable and welcoming residents of Valmiera. Also, an online survey of 81 university graduates was carried out to find out the major reasons for staying in or leaving the regional city of Valmiera.
The research city of Valmiera was compared to Ventspils, Rezekne and Jelgava in Latvia, as well as to two foreign cities in Northern Europe – the nearest neighbouring city of Tartu in Estonia and Joensuu in Finland. The cities were compared by socio-economic factors - population dynamics, economic development, access to culture, and political stability, which are important factors in attracting talent.
The research methodology is based on the theoretical findings of Ingram, Shapiro, Albouy on the impact of four dimensions in talent attraction: economic development, market competition, labour market conditions and national culture, as well as the impact of lifestyle on choice. According to these dimensions, interview questions have been developed, and, by grouping the content, the analysis of the responses has been carried out.
The previous study by the authors has been used as a secondary source. The study focused on the future skills needed for the labour force in the Vidzeme region in Latvia, and the compliance of the proposed education with the labour market requirements in the Vidzeme region of Latvia.
RESULTS
The results of the research show that a job offer providing the applicant the possibility to demonstrate his capacity and pursue his or her objectives is of primary importance for the recruitment of skilled labour in a winning city in a rural area, followed by the appropriate housing and transport, and social infrastructure. As a secondary factor, lifestyle, which includes diversity, cultural environment, architecture and the presence of the natural environment, is important. The importance of the factors of attraction varies according to the stage of human life.
DISCUSSION
The results of the interviews show that small and medium-sized urban areas have the potential to attract talented human resources, taking into account the key attraction factors described in the theory.
The empirical analysis in the example of Valmiera reveals that a significant attraction factor in small and medium urban areas is social ties with the area. The labour market demand is also an important factor.
The results of the research revealed that in certain occupational groups in Valmiera (such as managers, social sciences in general), the labour market demand is lower than the supply.
In further research it would be necessary to carry out focus group interviews with migrants in small and medium-sized urban areas in order to find out the important factors in taking a decision on their choice of residence.
CONCLUSION
Small and medium-sized urban areas need to develop diversity and openness. This initiative needs to be strengthened both in the operation and investments of a municipality and in communication with the public. Virtually all of the examples discussed refer to migration as inevitable in attracting talent – highly skilled people.
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Tortelli, Andrea, Florence Perquier, Maria Melchior, François Lair, Fabien Encatassamy, Chloé Masson, Hélène K’ourio, Raphaël Gourevitch, and Alain Mercuel. "Mental Health and Service Use of Migrants in Contact with the Public Psychiatry System in Paris." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 9397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249397.
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Background: Migrants, and particularly asylum seekers, are at increased risk of psychiatric disorders in comparison with natives. At the same time, inequalities in access to mental health care are observed. Methods: In order to evaluate whether the Parisian public psychiatric system is optimally structured to meet the needs of this population, we examined data on mental health and service use considering three different levels: the global system treatment level, a psychiatric reception center, and mobile teams specializing in access to psychiatric care for asylum seekers. Results: We found higher treatment rates among migrants than among natives (p < 0.001) but inequalities in pathways to care: more mandatory admissions (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02–1.80) and fewer specialized consultations (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38–0.81). We observed a mismatch between increased need and provision of care among migrants without stable housing or seeking asylum. Conclusions: Inequalities in the provision of care for migrants are observed in the Parisian public psychiatric system, particularly for those experiencing poor social and economic conditions. There is a need to facilitate access to mental health care and develop more tailored interventions to reduce discontinuity of care.
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Bradby, Hannah, Kristin Liabo, Anne Ingold, and Helen Roberts. "Visibility, resilience, vulnerability in young migrants." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 23, no. 5 (November 2017): 533–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459317739441.
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Young unaccompanied asylum seekers have been portrayed as vulnerable, resilient or both. Those granted residency in Europe are offered support by health and social care systems, but once they leave the care system to make independent lives, what part can these services play? Our review of research with migrants who have been in care in Sweden and the United Kingdom found evidence of unmet need, but little research describing their own views of services. The limited published evidence, supplemented by interviews with care leavers in a UK inner city, suggests that in defining health needs, young people emphasise housing, education, employment and friendship over clinical or preventative services. Some felt well supported while others described feeling vulnerable, anxious, angry or sad. These experiences, if linked with the insensitivity of even one professional, could lower young people’s expectations of healthcare to the extent that they avoided contact with service providers. In supporting young migrants’ resilience to meet everyday challenges, friendly support from peers, carers and professionals was important. They needed determined advocacy at key moments. The different challenges for the Swedish and UK health and welfare systems along with the resilience/vulnerability trajectory are described.
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Prusty, Ranjan Kumar, and Kunal Keshri. "Differentials in child nutrition and immunization among migrants and non-migrants in Urban India." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 11, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2014-0006.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand disparities in child immunization and nutritional status among children by migration status in urban India. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilized third round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS, 2005-2006) data, which is the Indian version of Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used to study the levels and factors associated with child nutrition and immunization by migration status. Findings – Results suggest that malnutrition and no immunization are very high among children of rural-urban migrants and full immunization is lower than urban non-migrants and urban-urban migrants. More than half of the children from marginalized households suffer from the problem of undernutrition among rural-urban migrants. Multivariate results show economic status, age of the mother, education, caste and media exposure are negatively associated with malnutrition and positively associated with immunization. Children from south, north-east and east are found to have lesser chance of being malnourished than north region of India. Practical implications – The challenges experienced by rural-urban migrants are reflected over their children and needs a greater attention among policy makers in India. Originality/value – The finding of this study that children of the rural-urban migrants are in a disadvantageous position in terms of nutrition and immunization. This reflects the precarious condition of rural-urban migrants who initially settles in poor neighbourhoods, which are characterized by lack of adequate sanitation and clean water, poor housing and overcrowding, and difficulty in access to modern health services brought out by many researchers.
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Lin, Liyue, and Yu Zhu. "The Diverse Housing Needs of Rural to Urban Migrants and Policy Responses in China: Insights from a Survey in Fuzhou." IDS Bulletin 41, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2010.00148.x.
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Le, Kien T., Stacy Pancratz, and Abdoulaye Diop. "Labor Camp Surveys in GCC Countries: Group Quarter Subsampling." Field Methods 31, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822x18815416.
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The Gulf Cooperation Council is a regional cooperation of six Middle Eastern countries—Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman. A common feature of these countries is the existence of many group quarters, usually called labor camps, a term used to refer to housing accommodations for unskilled migrants where nonrelated people live together. The camp size ranges from a few people to a few thousand people from many different countries who speak dozens of languages. Also, the camp size and the composition of residents inside the camps change relatively quickly as people move in and out of the camps as their labor contracts expire or project needs change. This article presents one way to subsample this dynamic population inside such labor camps. The technique was used in one survey conducted in Qatar, where more than half of the country’s population resides in labor camps.
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Zhong, Xiaohua, and Ho Leung. "Exploring Participatory Microregeneration as Sustainable Renewal of Built Heritage Community: Two Case Studies in Shanghai." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061617.
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Since the 1990s, Shanghai has experienced massive urban development and renewal as ways to respond to its demographic, economic, and living space needs. Previous policies have led to the demolishment of many historical communities and valuable heritage housing. The existing ones continue to face extreme threats, such as bad physical conditions and the marginalization of communities. Yet there is a recent trend that emphasizes sustainable urban renewal named microregeneration (微更新), launched by municipal and local states since 2016. One of the main approaches of the initiative was to form new urban coalitions to focus on collaborative governance that helps integrate different agents’ expertise and values for more sustainable urban developments and renewals. This paper explores two cases on how this concept has emerged. The first case is An Shan Si Cun (鞍山四村). This housing block was built in the 1950s for employees of some state-owned enterprises. The second case is Jing Lao Cun (敬老邨). This alley house neighborhood was built in 1930s for migrants who came to Shanghai. Furthermore, this paper is to explore and compare their approaches to sustainable urban renewal, which attempts to preserve these communities that represent cultural and built heritage in Shanghai. Specifically, this paper examines the challenges and accomplishments of these experiments, and discusses policy implications for future tactics of sustainable urban renewal.
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Solianyk, Maryna. "SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR INTERNALLY DISPLACED FAMILIES." Scientific Journal of Khortytsia National Academy, no. 2022-6 (June 29, 2022): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51706/2707-3076-2022-6-17.
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Military events in Ukraine in recent years and months have forced people and families to leave their homes and move to safer places to seek protection and assistance. For Ukraine, social work with internally displaced persons, migrants, and internal migrants is a fairly new type of activity for social workers. The article analyzes the state and the problem of internally displaced families, describes the domestic experience. The concept of "internally displaced person" is highlighted, which is currently prescribed at the legislative level. The basic needs of internally displaced persons, features of their registration are revealed. Psychological problems are one of the main problems of families of temporarily displaced persons. Attention is paid to the analysis of the legal framework on this issue and the work of institutions and agencies that provide social support and assistance to internally displaced persons in Ukraine. At the legislative level, the status of internally displaced persons, rights and freedoms, types and forms of assistance, obtaining documents, etc. are defined. Today in Ukraine they provide assistance and support to this category of service recipients both at the state and non-state level. Among the main areas of work at the state level are the provision of material assistance, housing and employment. In addition, volunteer organizations play an important role in this process. Volunteers from all over the world and Ukraine are actively working to raise funds, food, hygiene products, medicines and more. The article provides information on the migration of internally displaced persons outside the country. But the problems of internally displaced persons and their needs are poorly understood. At the same time there is a need to develop technologies, forms and methods of socio-pedagogical, psychological work with internally displaced persons. Prospects for further research can be the development of technologies, forms and methods of socio-pedagogical, psychological work with internally displaced persons.
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Rauf, Hafiz Abdul, and Muhammad Adnan Saddique. "U-25 Salient Features of Social Security of Islam." Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2020): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/u25.v4.01.357-378.
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Islam is the religion of welfare and well-being of the people as well as reformation and uplift of the society. It not only gives its followers some beliefs and convictions, but it also makes them aware of all those fundamental tenets of life, adopting which, an Islamic state can build a peaceful society. Islam gives due care not only to men but to animals and birds as well. What to speak of services to the helpless, it even regards provisions to hungry and the thirsty animals a great source of salvation in the World Hereafter. Public rights (haquq-ul-Ibaad), personal rights, good morals and generosity are a big part of Islamic commandments. Even the person who does not help others is regarded not a Muslim in the eyes of Islam. Islam makes it obligatory to every Man of Source to be conscious about the rights of other people living around him. An Islamic state consists of both Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Every person, whether he is Muslim or non-Muslim, living in the state, deserves his fundamental rights. Even the state is bound to provide them the basic necessities of life including food, boarding, education, clothing, cure and justice. All this is emphasized in Quran and Hadith. When the Holy Prophet (PBHU) migrated to Madina, he, first of all, laid the foundation of first Islamic state. Having reached there, the first problem he faced was the problem of the housing, food and cure of the migrants (Muhajir), as the migrants had left all their belongings back in Makkah. They had no sources with them in Madina. The Holy Prophet (PBHU) persuaded the locals (Insaar), so that the locals managed for the basic needs of migrants, and thus resolved these issues. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) introduced such a system of assistance that none was helpless in the state.
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Chakravarthy, Vasudha, Shobhita Rajagopal, and Bhavya Joshi. "Does Menstrual Hygiene Management in Urban Slums Need a Different Lens? Challenges Faced by Women and Girls in Jaipur and Delhi." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 26, no. 1-2 (February 2019): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521518811174.
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For the first time since Independence, India’s urban population has registered a higher increase than the rural population. Increasing urbanbiased economic activity and job creation are leading to rapid urbanisation, and a greater number of poor people today are living in cities and towns in India. Slums, often the residence of migrants and urban poor, are underserved areas with poor housing, insufficient living space, basic infrastructure and services such as clean drinking water, drainage and electricity, and poor access to toilets and sanitation services. Urban poverty and life in slums significantly compromise the ability of women and girls to effectively manage menstruation. There are many factors that affect how women manage their monthly period, such as the lack of information and awareness on menstruation, unaffordability of menstrual products, poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure and services, lack of privacy, safety and security. This article seeks to highlight the challenges faced in managing menstruation in the context of a slum/poor urban settlement and the need for a convergent and comprehensive approach involving key stakeholders including communities, civil society and government departments to ensure gender-sensitive, menstrual hygiene management-centric interventions.
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Hakim, Bhanu Rizfa, Anna Rulia, and Arif Indra Fahlafi. "PERENCANAAN GEDUNG SINEMA KELUARGA DI KAWASAN PULAU KUMALA PENEKANAN PADA AKUSTIK RUANG." Jurnal Kreatif : Desain Produk Industri dan Arsitektur 9, no. 2 (October 15, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46964/jkdpia.v9i2.184.
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The development of the cinema industry in the city of Samarinda and the development increased significantly. At present, in the city of Samarinda there are 5 famous brand places, namely XX1 Big Mall, XX1 Samarinda Square, XX1 SCP, Cinema 21 SCP, and the newest CGV Cinema Plaza Mulia. The number of developments in East Kalimantan, especially Samarinda and its surroundings was triggered by a considerable attraction from the public for the film industry, from children to the elderly. This gives the potential for regional economic growth from the tourism sector. Therefore, this potential needs to be maximized by involving the construction of the Family Cinema Building in the Kumala Island Region, housing and entertainment clusters, Tenggarong City, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan.
This great potential is supported by the strategic tourism area of Kumala Island and the absence of well-known brands in the city of Tenggarong. In addition, Kumala Island as a tourist island that needs to be managed and benefited by the Government and the Tourism Department of Kutai Kartanegara Regency is an attractive tourist attraction for the surrounding community and migrants. Planning this Family Cinema Building will be one of the best attractions for the community, because it supports the family concept, providing 17 mini theater spaces, lounges, parks and other facilities. So the planning of tourist attraction development needs to be done in order to maximize the essence and image of Kumala Island as one of the best tourist destinations in East Kalimantan.
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Yazdanpanahi, Melisa, and Shereen Hussein. "Sustainable Ageing: Supporting Healthy Ageing and Independence Amongst Older Turkish Migrants in the UK." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 10387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810387.
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In the UK, as in many other European countries, the population is growing older, and older adults are becoming more diverse. As a result, there is a mounting interest in supporting healthy ageing and independence, acknowledging the needs and agency of older adults from diverse backgrounds, expectations, and life trajectories. Healthy ageing is promoted as a critical component of sustainable ageing to ensure meaningful social and economic contributions through the life course for all individuals. However, the definitions of healthy ageing are debatable. The public and policy discourse treat all older adults through generic and homogeneous models that do not consider the heterogeneity of experiences and perspectives of old age among different groups. In this context, independence has often been defined in terms of functional independence, i.e., cognitive and physical functioning, as a core construct of healthy ageing. However, this focus excludes older adults’ interpretations and day-to-day experiences of this concept. This article investigates the interpretation and lived experience of independence amongst older Turkish adults in the UK as a central explanatory concept of healthy ageing. Semi-structured individual interviews (n = 48) and community mapping workshops (n = 5) were conducted with 65 older Turkish adults in London, supplemented by interviews with professional service providers (n = 13) within the community. The data collection was conducted between March and November 2017. We identified three main themes integral to understanding healthy ageing and independence: 1—interdependency and having reciprocal care relations; 2—individual autonomy at home and choice in housing options; and 3—functional independence, mobility, and control over the physical environment. Independence appears to remain an essential element of healthy ageing. However, it is a fluid and complex construct constantly negotiated around personal and community resources. Therefore, there is a need to develop more comprehensive interventions that capture the diverse experiences in old age to enable healthy ageing and social sustainability. These are timely considering current policy directions such as the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.