Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Migrant habitus'
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1
Katartzi, Eugenia. "Narrating identities and educational choices : the case of migrant and Greek young people." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5987.
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The processes of educational decision making and formations of identity lie at the heart of the present thesis that explores the narratives of twenty-three young people with migrant and nonmigrant background. The thesis analyzes the cases of eleven Greek and twelve migrant participants, of Albanian, Georgian, Armenian and Palestinian ethnicities attending two upper secondary Lyceums in Greece, one sub-urban Vocational and one inner-city Comprehensive located in the city of Thessaloniki. The narratives of young people are analyzed as performative acts and as social practices constructed locally and intersubjectively, rather than as expressions of their essentialist realities. The narrative analysis aims more specifically at demonstrating empirically the social conditionings of school choice and the intricate ways that decision-making is cross-cut by and implicated in the processes of identity formation and negotiation. The educational choices these young people are called to make are situated within the broader socioeconomic and discursive milieu and within the structural arrangements of the post-16 institutional landscape of Greece. The issue of youth agency as grappling against the structural limitations of a given milieu, with its cultural particularities is at the backdrop of the present qualitative study. Young people’s identities are conceptualized as being produced, negotiated and contested in a shifting context through the interactions with significant others, namely their peers, teachers and families and through the interplay of identifications, social positions, capitals, transforming individual habituses and the institutional contexts of the two schools. In more detail, the subjectively felt classed, ethnic and gendered positions are analyzed as perceived, invested and discoursively performed by the young participants. Central role is attributed to the notion of habitus as embodying the complex interweaving of dispositions, discourses, collective and individual histories. It is argued that the processes of activation and re-conversion of capitals (economic, social, cultural) in which young people engage, along with the dynamic change of habitus in the face of evolving conditions in the host country, can be a potentially useful conceptual schema for understanding the ways migrant and non-migrant young people experience and make sense of their positioning in social space. The processes of drawing distinctions between perceived others and themselves mediate the ways young people engage in the weaving of their identities through a more or less ascribed, constrained and perpetually negotiated sense of belonging. In addition analytical attention is paid to the parental engagement and in particular the resources and dispositions that young people’s families invest and transmit in relation to their schooling and their academic and occupational future. In this frame the narrated educational choices are embedded in young people’s learner identities and familial histories and are closely linked with their projections and envisioning of the future. To conclude, the decision-making dynamics emerge through a matrix weaved by differing resources, positions and dispositions that grant young people with unequal opportunities for constructing selfnarratives and engaging with school choice.
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Savikj, Biljana. "Family language policy and practice as parental mediation of habitus, capital and field : an ethnographic case-study of migrant families in England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273255.
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This research aims to examine how migrant families living in England establish their family language policy and practice. It is set within a context of increased levels of transnational migration and globalisation (OECD, 2015). The number of migrant families in which parents have different language backgrounds is increasing on a European level (Lanzieri, 2012) and in London one in three families is thought to be multilingual (OECD, 2010). This has implications for research into the role of languages for education of children from migrant families. According to the Department for Education (DfE, 2017) in England, the percentage of pupils who are believed to be exposed to a language other than English at home has been steadily increasing since 2006, and in 2017, 20.6 per cent of primary school pupils and 16.2 per cent of secondary school pupils had English as an additional language. While some research has investigated how children from migrant families succeed at school by measuring their educational outcomes, there are a lack of studies which explore what is happening within migrant families themselves: how and why do some migrant families in the same context practise and maintain their heritage languages, while others do not? (Curdt-Christiansen, 2009, 2016). To examine the ways in which migrant families in England decide on their family language policy and practice, this study adopts a coherent model which integrates two theoretical frameworks, namely Pierre Bourdieu’s (1977b) theory of social practice with its concepts of habitus, field and capital, and Family Language Policy (FLP). The aim of bringing together the two theoretical frameworks is to examine how family language policy and practice is mediated by the families’ subjective experience and the conditions in the objective social context of which they are a part. This study employs ethnographic methods of inquiry including interviews, participant observations and family self-audio recordings to allow for an in-depth exploration of the ways in which five migrant families in England set up their family language policy and practice. The mothers in the families are all Macedonian and the fathers are either English, Italian, Chinese, Scottish or Serbian. Ethnographic interviews were conducted with the parents in five migrant families, their children, grandparents and relatives, the parents’ and the children’ close social network of friends, the children’s mainstream school teachers and members of the Macedonian community in London. The analysis of each family case focuses on the family language policy and practice and the parents’ language ideologies and aspirations that underpin them. The study also analyses the ways in which the national language education policy context in England structures the family language policy and practice. The findings suggest that the family language policy and practice in migrant families is established based on the ways in which the parents mediate their past experiences including their family upbringing, education and employment as migrants in England (habitus) and the cultural, linguistic, social and economic resources they are able or unable to draw on (capital) within the context of national and local language education policies and practices in England (field).
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Mar, Phillip. "Accommodating Places: a migrant ethnography of two cities (Hong Kong and Sydney)." University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1209.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThis ethnography is based on fieldwork in two very different cities, Hong Kong and Sydney. It traces the movements of subjects from Hong Kong through the analysis of differing modes of inhabiting urban space. The texture of lived spaces provides an analytic focus for examining a highly mobile migrant group. This ethnography explores the mesh of objective structures and migrant subjectivities in a mobile field of migrant ‘place’. A basic assumption of this study is that people from Hong Kong have acquired a common array of dispositions attuned to living in a specific environment. Hong Kong’s dense and challenging urban space embodies aspects of the singular historical ‘production of space’ underpinning a colonial entrepôt that has expanded into a major global economic node. The conditions of lived space are examined through an historical analysis of urban space in Hong Kong and an ethnographic analysis of spatial practices and dispositions. The sprawling spaces of suburban Sydney clearly differ sharply from that of Hong Kong. Interview accounts of settling in Sydney are used to investigate the ‘gap’ in spatial dispositions. Settling entails both practical accommodations to new and unfamiliar localities and an interweaving of cultural and ideological elements into the expanded everyday of migrant subjectivity. Language and speech are integral to spatial practices and provide means of referencing and evaluating ongoing social relations and trajectories. The ‘discourse space’ of interview accounts of settlement in Sydney and movements back to Hong Kong are closely examined, yielding an array of perceptions and representations of different, and contested styles of urban life. All the senses are brought into play in accounts of densities and absences in people’s everyday worlds. At the same time this thesis provides a perspective from which to interrogate contemporary interpretations of ‘transnational’ migration, suggesting the need for an analysis grounded in a specific economy of capacities and dispositions to appropriate social and symbolic goods.
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Wu, Bin. ""Whose culture has capital?": Chinese skilled migrant mothers raising their children in New Zealand." AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/911.
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This thesis is concerned with a group of Chinese skilled migrant mothers’ experiences in relation to their children’s early childhood care and education in New Zealand. Utilising Bourdieu’s concept of capital, habitus and field, the current research addresses the complexity and ambiguity of the Chinese migrant mothers' lives whose social position transcends multiple fields. Because their children attend mainstream education, and the local educational system is different from those where the migrant mothers were brought up, the migrant mothers had to transcend different cultural fields. Chinese skilled migrants, who were middle class professionals in their native country, usually experienced social and financial downturns in New Zealand. Although skilled, the migrant mothers encountered difficulties in finding paid employment that matched their pre-migration job status. These mothers were more likely to give up paid work or reduce paid working hours on the birth of their children than were their male partners. The current study focuses on these transcendent experiences, encompassing both embeddedness and ambiguity across different fields by examining the interplay of class, gender, and ethnicity in the daily lives of these mothers. Traditional interpretations of cultural capital usually refer only to dominant social and cultural capital, whereas the current thesis expands the concept to include both dominant and non-dominant forms of social and cultural capital. The findings showed that the migrant mothers redefined and reconstructed the concept of capital. The migrant mothers’ attitude towards mainstream education was ambiguous and complex: covering the full spectrum from willing embracing, reluctantly following, selectively utilising to firmly rejecting. Simultaneously, the mothers promoted, criticised, and rejected various traditional Chinese practices and beliefs in order to maximise benefits for their children.
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Lee, Mi-ae. "Sortir de la chaîne du care De travailleuses socialistes chaoxianzu (朝鮮族) à domestiques migrantes en France, Corée du Sud et Chine." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH15.
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Cette thèse traite des effets de la migration sur le statut professionnel et social des travailleuses domestiques et des nouveaux rapports de subordination qui en découlent, analysés à l'intersection des rapports de genre, de classe et de « race ». Le but de cette recherche est d'aborder l'ordre hiérarchique de ces différents rapports et d'analyser les causes structurelles de la subordination. Les travailleuses migrantes chaoxianzu appartenaient à la classe symboliquement au pouvoir dans la Chine socialiste, en tant qu’ouvrières industrielles et agricoles. En examinant leur expérience de travail dans cinq villes de trois pays - France, Corée du Sud et Chine - nous analysons comment les conditions de travail de chaque société d’immigration affectent leur statut en tant que travailleuses. Les participantes à notre recherche vivent et perçoivent leur expérience de travail à la lumière de l’habitus professionnel de la Chine socialiste, basé sur la fierté en tant que travailleuses. Selon leur perception, dans la migration, elles ne changent pas pour un niveau hiérarchique et professionnel inférieur, mais souffrent, collectivement, de la position subalterne des travailleurs domestiques sans-papiers dans le référentiel de l’ordre hiérarchique de la société capitaliste. Plutôt qu'un travail trivial, elles perçoivent leur métier comme une somme de tâches nobles, physiques et émotionnelles. Elles s’inscrivent dans la chaîne globalisée du care. Mais, en s'interrogeant sur leur statut subalterne, elles remettent en cause la logique de reproduction de la hiérarchie socialeThis thesis deals with the effects of migration on the occupational and social status of domestic workers and the resulting new relationships of subordination that are analyzed at the intersection of gender, class and ‘race’ relations. The purpose of this research is to address the hierarchical order of these different relationships and to analyze the structural causes of subordination. The Chaoxianzu women migrant workers belonged to the class symbolically in power in socialist China, as industrial and agricultural workers. By examining their work experience in five cities in three countries - France, South Korea and China - we analyze how the working conditions of each immigration society affect their status as women workers. The participants in our research live and perceive their work experience in light of their professional habitus of socialist China, based on pride as women workers. According to their perception, in migrating they do not change for a lower hierarchical and professional level, but collectively suffer from the subordinate position of undocumented domestic workers typical for capitalist society’s hierarchical order. Rather than perceiving their job as trivial, they see it as a sum of noble, physical and emotional tasks. They are part of the global chain of care. But, in questioning their subordinate status, they undermine the logic inherent to the reproduction of social hierarchies
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Olaniran, Margaret, and Sofia Tomtélius. "Attityder och erfarenhet avseende munhygien hos en grupp vuxna med utländsk bakgrund i Sverige." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Oral hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30585.
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Syfte: Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att studera attityder och erfarenheter om munhygien hos en grupp vuxna med utländsk bakgrund i Sverige. Material och Metod: Intervjuer utfördes med tio informanter på en SFI-utbildning i Sverige. En frågeguide med öppna frågor användes. Intervjuerna utfördes på svenska och engelska. Resultat: Det visade sig att det fanns ett antal bidragande faktorer till informanternas attityder och erfarenheter kring munhygien. Dessa faktorer/subkategorier ingick under fem huvudkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var hälsomedvetenhet, motivation, social påverkan, pris och munhygienrutiner. Informanterna ansåg att det var svårt att bryta gamla vanor. De var vana vid att använda både tandborste och Miswak, men de var inte vana vid approximal rengöring. Slutsatser: Tandvårdspersonal bör vara lyhörd för vad migranter kan och tycker, men även kunna delge inflyttande information om svenska tandvårdskulturen på ett bra sätt.The aim: The aim of this qualitative study was to study the attitudes and experiences about oral care in a group of adults with a foreign background in Sweden. Method: Interviews were conducted with ten informants on a SFI training in Sweden. An interview guide with open questions was used. The interviews were conducted in Swedish and English. Results: There were a number of contributing factors to the informants’ knowledge, attitudes and experiences regarding oral hygiene. These factors were termed as subcategories and were listed below five main categories. The main categories were health awareness, motivation, social influence, prices and oral hygiene practices. The informants felt that it was difficult to break old habits. They were accustomed to using both toothbrush and Miswak, but not inter dental cleaning aids. Conclusions Dental professionals should be sensitive to the knowledge and the capabilities of migrants but also be able to convey the Swedish dental culture in a good way.
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Sercen, Gokce Selen. "Résider, circuler, habiter : l'intégration cosmopolite des migrants turcs en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0343/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le processus et les modalités d’intégration des immigrés. Elle tente àmontrer la pluralité des manières de s’insérer et de participer des immigrés à leur sociétéd’accueil, en fonction des origines socio-économiques, géographiques, des relationshistoriques entre les pays d’origine et d’accueil et en fonction des projets migratoires desindividus. Les récits de vie des immigrés originaires de Maroc, de Portugal et de Turquienous ont révélés deux principaux modes d’action : individuel quand le capital humain estélevé et communautaire lorsque la manque de capital humain est compensé par le capitalsocial ethnique. Ce dernier cas de figure est très présent chez la population turquerencontrée. En s’appuyant sur cette vague migratoire, la thèse consiste à soutenir lapossibilité d’une intégration par voie collective dont le ciment est l’appartenance ethnique. Depart le mode d’intégration communautaire très présent, le cas des immigrés turcs del’agglomération bordelaise nous donne l’opportunité de discuter la pertinence, et l’exclusivitédu modèle d’intégration français ainsi que les attentes relatives à l’intégration de l’autre. Lemode d’intégration par les dynamiques communautaires que nous avons observé chez cettepopulation donne le ton d’un mode cosmopolite. L’intégration structurelle rendue possible parun fonctionnement communautaire rend possible un double processus d’insertion et departicipation qui s’effectue de manière transnationale. Cette situation alimente la création desponts économiques, sociaux, associatives et politiques entre les deux pays, désormaisd’appartenancesThis study concentrates on immigrants’ integration processes and methods through thesocio-spatial trajectories. It reveals the plurality of the manners of the migrants participationto the society within the context of their immigration projects, socio-economic andgeographical origins and the historical relations between their origin countries and France.The analysis of the residential courses of the immigrants from Morocco, Portugal and Turkeyand owners of their residents within the agglomeration in Bordeaux, indicates two principalintegration models: individual, when human capital is elevated and collective, when theinsufficient human capital is balancing through the social community capital. This lastsituation is common in Turkish population met during this study. Based on the case ofTurkish migration, this thesis supports the possibility of the collective integration of which thebinding factor is ethnic networks. The economic integration based on ethnical networks andsocial participation developed by the community dynamics, enable a two-way integration.This double local and transnational integration creates economic, social and even politicalconnections between two countries
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Baglivio, Eileen Ann. "COMPARING THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF TWO STEELHEAD POPULATIONS AND THEIR HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/719.
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Currently, little is known about the demographics of the Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus, or steelhead trout, populations in San Luis Obispo County. Specifically, demographic information including length, age, and condition when first leaving a watershed for the open ocean is lacking. This thesis takes a closer look at a biological and environmental data collected by the California Department of Fish and Game Central Coast Steelhead and Coho Salmon project under the direction of Associate Biologist Jennifer Nelson. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze demographic and habitat data from the steelhead populations of two northern San Luis Obispo county coastal streams, San Simeon and Santa Rosa Creeks.
Habitat mapping surveys were conducted on each stream in order to identify suitable habitat for various steelhead life stages. The data generated from the habitat mapping surveys was compared between the two creeks over the two different survey years (1993 and 2005). The results of these surveys showed that habitat types have changed on San Simeon Creek between survey years while Santa Rosa Creek appeared to remain the same.
Biological inventory methods were conducted on the populations of O. m. irideus in San Simeon and Santa Rosa Creeks during the years of 1993 and 2005. There were very few observations of steelhead moving downstream on both survey creeks in 1993. During the 2005 out-migrant trapping season, the data revealed that non-smolting fish are moving downstream in the watershed in addition to smolting fish. There is evidence that age 1+ and 2+ fish make up the majority of downstream migrants. Older, larger fish tend to migrate downstream earlier in the trapping season. Fork length – weight relationships are not significant between steelhead sampled from out-migrant traps, while those sampled throughout the watersheds by means of electrofishing were different between creeks. Percent frequency distribution of electrofished steelhead reveal that steelhead sampled in 2005 have a similar distribution of total lengths between creeks, where as those sampled in 1993 have a slightly different distribution from each other.
Further analysis of steelhead scales sampled from the populations on San Simeon and Santa Rosa Creeks in 2005 gave greater insight into the growth of these fish. In most cases, steelhead from Santa Rosa Creek have greater growth increments and higher circuli counts per annuli than those surveyed from San Simeon Creek. The majority of scale samples analyzed showed growth since the last annuli mark suggesting an increase in growth over the winter months. The average number of circuli to the first annuli is significantly different between watersheds, as is the relationship between fork length and scale radius.
Analyzing steelhead demographics is important to understanding the life history pattern of steelhead in the South Central California Coast Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Surveys that monitor environmental conditions and habitat help to identify potential limiting factors and risks to steelhead populations. The results of this thesis present such data in hopes to promote continued research and efficient management practices of steelhead trout populations in San Luis Obispo County.
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Matte, Simon. "Utbildade invandrare och kampen för ett jobb : En kvalitativ studie om hur några invandrare med akademisk utbildning beskriver sin situation på den svenska arbetsmarknaden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15129.
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According to several studies immigrants today in general face more difficulties to enter the labor market than before. This also applies to educated immigrants who are the main focus of this thesis. Studies have shown that educated migrants have more difficulties of obtaining an adequate job than ethnic Swedes. Thousands of educated immigrants are forced to work in low skilled occupations to cope with their everyday lives. The reasons behind their lack of success on the Swedish labor market have been blamed on different kinds of obstacles. This study wants to examine at least some of the obstacles that educated immigrants face on the labor market through some informants own personal reflections and experiences. The study is based on an inside perspective in which the different personal experiences and reflections of the various informants is of great importance. The study is focused on how five educated immigrants describe their situation on the Swedish labor market. The aim is to investigate the informants 'understanding of the difficulties they have to get a job that matches their skills. It also aims to discuss the structural barriers that respondents relate to when they describe their situation. The results of the interviews with the informants have been analyzed with the help of central concepts gained from the two sociologists, Erving Goffman and Pierre Bourdieu. The results of my study have shown through the personal experiences of the informants that the difficulties they face on the labor market can be attributed to their lack of access to valuable social networks and to the various requirement profiles that exist from employers, often with a strong focus on a developed knowledge of the Swedish language. These two obstacles results in that the skilled migrants on the labor market have a relative disadvantage in comparison with ethnic Swedes in the search for the attractive jobs.
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Hadrien, Dubucs. "Habiter une ville lointaine. Le cas des migrants japonais à Paris." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441142.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une réflexion contemporaine sur la façon dont les mobilités spatiales spécifient les rapports pratiques (agencement spatial des activités) et idéels (connaissance et représentations) des individus à leurs espaces de résidence. La notion d'habiter est ici utilisée pour saisir les spatialités des migrants japonais séjournant à Paris. Un tel objet de recherche amène à analyser une expérience particulière de mobilité : la migration internationale entre des lieux que sépare une grande distance spatiale et que distinguent clairement des caractéristiques urbanistiques, sociales et culturelles. L'analyse croisée de données issues du recensement et d'entretiens avec un échantillon de migrants japonais montre que, par leurs manières d'habiter Paris, les individus prennent en charge cette confrontation à la distance de façon dynamique, complexe et différenciée. Les temporalités du séjour et les significations attribuées à la séquence parisienne des trajectoires biographiques apparaissent comme des facteurs-clés de différenciation, et se traduisent dans les choix résidentiels à Paris comme dans les échanges avec les lieux japonais de l'espace de vie. Elles éclairent aussi le rythme et l'ampleur de l'autonomisation des migrants japonais vis-à-vis des ressources commerciales, sociales ou informationnelles qui leur sont dédiées. Enfin, par leurs manières d'habiter, ceux-ci contribuent à certaines dynamiques urbaines : renforcement de l'image internationale de quartiers valorisés du centre-ouest parisien ; spécialisation d'un segment du parc locatif dans l'accueil d'étrangers qualifiés ; complexification des marquages sociaux dans des quartiers en cours de gentrification ; création d'une offre commerciale et culturelle spécifique qui, dans le quartier de l'Opéra, enrichit l'attractivité d'une centralité économique et historique majeure de la métropole. Ces contributions reposent sur la position ambivalente des migrants japonais à Paris, entre proximité liée à leur statut d'élites migrantes originaires d'un pays du Nord, et distance inhérente à une migration lointaine.
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Dubucs, Hadrien. "Habiter une ville lointaine : le cas des migrants japonais à Paris." Poitiers, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441142.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une réflexion contemporaine sur la façon dont les mobilités spatiales spécifient les rapports pratiques (agencement spatial des activités) et idéels (connaissance et représentations) des individus à leurs espaces de résidence. La notion d'habiter est ici utilisée pour saisir les spatialités des migrants japonais séjournant à Paris. Un tel objet de recherche amène à analyser une expérience particulière de mobilité : la migration internationale entre des lieux que sépare une grande distance spatiale et que distinguent clairement des caractéristiques urbanistiques, sociales et culturelles. L'analyse croisée de données issues du recensement et d'entretiens avec un échantillon de migrants japonais montre que, par leurs manières d'habiter Paris, les individus prennent en charge cette confrontation à la distance de façon dynamique, complexe et différenciée. Les temporalités du séjour et les significations attribuées à la séquence parisienne des trajectoires biographiques apparaissent comme des facteurs-clés de différenciation, et se traduisent dans les choix résidentiels à Paris comme dans les échanges avec les lieux japonais de l'espace de vie. Elles éclairent aussi le rythme et l'ampleur de l'autonomisation des migrants japonais vis-à-vis des ressources commerciales, sociales ou informationnelles qui leur sont dédiées. Enfin, par leurs manières d'habiter, ceux-ci contribuent à certaines dynamiques urbaines : renforcement de l'image internationale de quartiers valorisés du centre-ouest parisien ; spécialisation d'un segment du parc locatif dans l'accueil d'étrangers qualifiés ; complexification des marquages sociaux dans des quartiers en cours de gentrification ; création d'une offre commerciale et culturelle spécifique qui, dans le quartier de l'Opéra, enrichit l'attractivité d'une centralité économique et historique majeure de la métropole. Ces contributions reposent sur la position ambivalente des migrants japonais à Paris, entre proximité liée à leur statut d'élites migrantes originaires d'un pays du Nord, et distance inhérente à une migration lointaineThis thesis has for frame a contemporary academic interest in how spatial mobility influences and characterizes the way individuals practically (i. E the spatial organization of their activities) and intellectually (i. E knowledge and representations) connect to their places of residence. This research examines the dwelling modes of Japanese migrants in Paris. They are perfect examples of a specific type of migration between distant locations that are clearly distinct on an urban, social and cultural level. A cross analysis of census data and interviews with a sample of Japanese migrants shows that the individuals confronted with such distance cope in complex, dynamic, and various ways. The duration of their stay, familial or professional events, and the meaning of their Parisian days within their biographies are key factors of differenciation. They translate, among others, into both housing choices in Paris and specific relations to the places they lived in, back in Japan. These elements also have an effect on how fast and how thoroughly the Japanese migrants drift away from the commercial, social or informational resources that are dedicated to them. On a broader scale, the Japanese migrants' settlement patterns and daily practices actively contribute to urban changes: The reinforcement of the international presence in high-end districts of central-western Paris; The specialisation of a fraction of the rental market in high-class foreigners; The growing complexity of gentrifying districts as regards social and ethnic composition; The creation of a specific commercial and cultural supply around “Opéra” that enriches the historical and economic appeal of a major Parisian district. All these contributions stem from the ambiguous positioning of the Japanese as migrants in Paris: they are at the very same time Eastern Asians thousands of kilometers away from home and a migrating elite in a fellow developped country
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Rab, Samia. "Ethnicity and habitat : a comparison of indigenous and Afghan migrant settlements in Quetta, Pakistan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69262.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84).
This thesis is a brief study of factors influencing the domestic built form in the context of ethnicity and migration. At the beginning of the research it was assumed that the theme of built form is a clear manner of expression for distinctive attributes of various sub-groups in a society. Hence the subject focused on shelter, the domestic environment, generated by ethnically distinct communities. In analyzing the social boundaries, as they are translated to spatial boundaries at the level of 'informal' housing, this thesis observes that different ethnic communities create distinct spatial and social patterns in the same physical setting. The correspondence between ethnic groups and the expression of their spatial domain is the driving issue of the entire study. While establishing its theoretical framework, the thesis suggests a wide range of themes which can be grasped for further explorations. The case studies are based on data compiled during field visits of the case settlements. The process included surveys of houses built by the inhabitants, observations of various spaces within the houses in relation to the living patterns of the users, and evaluation of how the residents perceive, and relate to, the various spaces within their respective settlements. (This is based on information obtained by discussions and interviews of the residents). The evaluation of the data and the field visits reveal variation in environmental quality of the two communities belonging to the same economic group. The analysis of the data reflects that these variations have occurred due to the difference in nature of migration experienced by the inhabitants of the two case settlements, and hence the difference in the attitude of the two communities towards cultural assimilation in general, and housing in particular. The relationship between cultural cohesiveness and environmental quality is a significant observation of the research. Among the forces which have been decisive in the process of civilization are those which have brought people together in competition, conflict and co-operation. It is a consequence of migration that conflicting cultures meet and fuse. The occasion for fusion of people and cultures inherent in the process of migration makes the study of migrant communities, and their settlements, pivotal in identifying possible explanations for divergent cultures. The inadequate existing literature on the relationship between domestic built form and society, in the context of migration, renders the entire exercise intellectually stimulating. This is further strengthened by the presence of unexplored dimensions in ethnic influences in Quetta, Pakistan, and their reflection in the residential architecture created by the people.
by Samia Rab.
M.S.
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Hartman, Patricia J. "HABITAT SELECTION OF THE CERULEAN WARBLER IN EASTERN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/285.
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Successful forest management requires an understanding of the habitat requirements of individual species at multiple spatial scales. The cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerulea) is a neotropical migratory songbird that has recently gained widespread attention as a species of conservation and management concern. It breeds in mature, deciduous forests of eastern North America and has experienced precipitous range-wide declines over the last 40 years. Although Kentucky likely supports one of the largest breeding populations of the species, no information exists on cerulean warbler habitat selection within the state. The overall purpose of this study was to identify important habitat features associated with cerulean warbler distribution on breeding grounds in eastern Kentucky. In 2004 and 2005, I examined cerulean warbler distribution and associated vegetative characteristics within a hierarchical framework at the stand, territory, and nest-site levels. I used the Information-Theoretic approach to develop 2 sets of a priori models. The first set of models attempted to explain cerulean warbler site occupancy through presence and absence data obtained from point counts. The second set of models attempted to explain differences between preferred song perches and available habitat. Due to small sample size, nest-site information was not used in modeling efforts. Results from presence and absence modeling were inconclusive as no habitat-related differences were identified between occupied and unoccupied locations within the study area. However, territory modeling revealed three potentially important predictors of cerulean warbler habitat: large diameter trees, east-facing aspect, and increased shrub cover. This study reinforces general patterns observed throughout the cerulean warblers breeding range. Although the mechanisms causing cerulean warbler declines are still poorly understood, conservation and management efforts directed toward protecting and establishing large tracts of mature forest with large trees on mesic, sheltered sites should be a reasonable approach to managing cerulean warbler populations on the breeding grounds.
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Sergio, Fabrizio. "Factors affecting habitat selection,density and productivity in the black kite (Milvus migrans)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269482.
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Saunders, Debra, and debbie saunders@anu edu au. "Ecology and conservation of the swift parrot - an endangered austral migrant." The Australian National University. College of Science, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20081010.161656.
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The swift parrot (Lathamus discolor, Psittacidae) is an endangered, austral migrant that inhabits forests and woodlands of south-eastern Australia. With a small population size (2500 birds), broad winter distribution (1 250 000 km2) and often cryptic nature, the swift parrot is a challenging species to study. In autumn they migrate north from their Tasmanian breeding grounds in search of suitable food resources throughout their winter range on mainland Australia. They are therefore dependent on a combination of suitable wintering, migration and breeding habitats. Although they spend a large proportion of their lives within winter habitats, the spatial and temporal dynamics of habitat use in this part of their range is poorly understood. This thesis aims to provide a greater understanding of large-scale winter habitat use by swift parrots, in both historic and current contexts, and provide a basis for future conservation management.
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Swift parrots, or red-shouldered paroquets as they were previously known, were among the first Australian birds to be scientifically described and illustrated following European settlement in 1788. However, within 60 years of settlement, habitats throughout the range of the species were being impacted upon. An important aspect of this habitat loss is the speed and spatial extent with which it occurred throughout the parrots broad distribution. Although the most extensive habitat loss in some areas occurred during colonial times, habitats continue to be lost as a result of various land management practices. Such impacts are also likely to be exacerbated by the ongoing cumulative impact with rapid climate change. As a result the swift parrot is an endangered species and is the subject of an ongoing national recovery program, to which this thesis contributes.
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Conserving habitat for the swift parrot, and other wide-ranging fauna species, is challenging since impacts in one area tend to be dismissed based on the assumption that there is sufficient habitat in other areas. These conservation challenges are discussed in regard to the national swift parrot recovery program. Although recovery program implementation for this species has been successful in identifying and protecting some important habitats, there are still many gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed through a continuing and adaptive recovery effort, including an understanding of variable habitat use throughout their winter range.
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A study of swift parrot winter habitat use was therefore conducted at 53 sites across New South Wales over five years (2001-2005). Swift parrots used a diversity of winter foraging habitats in coastal and/or western slopes regions of New South Wales each year, including several habitats that occur in endangered ecological communities. Landscapes containing winter foraging habitat included scattered trees, remnant vegetation and continuous forests, and swift parrots foraged extensively on lerp and nectar from a diversity of tree species within these. The occurrence of swift parrots at foraging sites was primarily associated with the abundance of lerp, nectar and non-aggressive competitors. Although swift parrot abundance fluctuated significantly between years and regions, over half of all foraging sites were used repeatedly, highlighting their likely importance for conservation.
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Patterns of habitat use throughout the species winter range were also studied across five states/territories using volunteer data from 4140 surveys. These surveys were conducted by up to 300 volunteers twice a year, for seven years (1998-2004) with swift parrots detected in 19% of surveys. As a result, this study provided the first demonstration of large-scale drought related movements by a migratory population throughout their winter range. It also demonstrated the dynamic spatial and temporal patterns of winter habitat use, including repeated use of sites, by an austral migrant. Four regions in central Victoria were used most consistently, although the birds also visited other regions each year.
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During drought swift parrot abundance was significantly correlated with rainfall, whereby most of the population either concentrated in a few regions or migrated longer distances (up to 1000km) to drought refuges in wetter coastal areas. However, swift parrot abundance was not associated with specific climate variables during years of average to high rainfall throughout most of their range. Instead they appeared to prefer habitats within particular regions. Importantly this study emphasises that conservation measures need to be implemented throughout the distribution of migratory species, including drought refuge habitats and areas outside conservation reserves.
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Zerda, Lerner Susana de la. "Winter habitat use by Blackburnian Warblers (Dendroica fusca) in Los Amarillos, Colombia." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01102009-063245/.
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Dean, Tracey. "Second-growth habitat use and survival rates of migrant and resident land birds, North Andros Island, Bahamas." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54614.pdf.
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Dahdah, Assaf. "Habiter la ville sans droits : les travailleurs migrants dans les marges de Beyrouth (Liban)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3093/document.
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Cette thèse de géographie sociale et radicale traite des rapports de domination à Beyrouth à travers l’habiter des travailleurs migrants dans les marges urbaines. Population aux ressources faibles et stigmatisée dans une ville fragmentée, les migrants originaires d’Afrique et d’Asie tentent malgré tout de prendre place dans la capitale libanaise. L’approche micro et croisée de lieux – Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra et le camp palestinien de Mar Elias – et de leurs habitants montre l’imbrication des temps longs et courts des migrations, les frottements entre les logiques communautaires et mercantiles des établis et celles plus chaotiques des nouveaux venus. Si les marges beyrouthines constituent des « sas » d’insertion où s’enchevêtrent des dynamiques multi-scalaires, elles n’en restent pas moins des espaces d’exclusion et de pauvreté animées et fragilisées par les injustices sociales et les inégalités citoyennes. À travers l’étude des mobilités, du système locatif et de l’accès au logement, et du dispositif commercial ethnique, ce travail, basé sur une enquête qui mobilise l’observation des espaces, les entretiens réalisés avec les différents acteurs et l’outil vidéo, met en exergue les réalités complexes de ces marges urbaines. Il expose leurs transformations contemporaines, mais également les tensions locales générées par une crise socio-politique libanaise et moyen-orientale, révélées ici via le prisme de la mondialisation migratoire. In fine, cette thèse interroge de manière à la fois décentrée, et ordinaire un ordre urbain généralement apprécié sous l’angle du confessionnalisme politique et questionne en miroir la nature du régime politique libanaisThis thesis of social and radical geography focuses on power relations in Beirut through an analysis of the housing of migrant workers in the outskirts of the city. As a population with few resources and subject to stigmatization, African and Asian migrant workers nevertheless try to find lodgings within the capital. Taking a micro and intersected approach to the study of specific neighbourhoods (Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra and the Palestinian camp of Mar Elias) and their inhabitants reveals the interweaving of long- and short-term migrant groups and frictions between the commercial interests of the existing community and those, admittedly more chaotic, of newcomers. While the outskirts of Beirut have now become a transition zone, spaces in which new plural dynamics are emerging at various levels, they are also spaces of exclusion and poverty, where the coexistence of these communities is constantly being challenged and weakened by instances of social injustice and civil inequality. This study of mobility, rental accommodation, access to housing and the ethnic economy draws on observations of spaces, interviews with actors and video films and provides insights into the complex realities within a marginal urban population. It also highlights contemporary transformations and local tensions caused by the social, economic and political crisis in Lebanon and the Middle East through the prism of international migration. In fine, this thesis takes a decentralized and ordinary approach to analysing an urban structure usually observed from the perspective of confessional politics and, at the same time, questions the overall Lebanese political regime
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Norris, Keith Alan. "Body mass dynamics, stopover durations, and habitat conditions for migrant shorebirds in the southwestern Lake Erie marsh region." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1439674812.
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Karvonen, J. (Juhani). "Demography and dynamics of a partial migrant close to the northern range margin." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526224664.
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Abstract Climate change causes range expansions, but neither the population parameters nor the ecological mechanisms behind range expansions are well known. I studied population dynamics and demography of the great tit (Parus major) in northern Finland, close to the northern range margin of the species’ distribution. I further examined winter conditions, such as temperature, as limiting factors on winter site fidelity and survival of human-fed great tits. Temporal variation in the population growth rate was large, but indicated an overall increasing population size, which fits the current large scale increase in the north. Importantly, the study population was a sink (or pseudo-sink) in almost all years because of low adult survival and low local recruitment. Immigration formed 39–43% of the annual population growth rate indicating that the population is demographically dependent on immigration. The demography differs most from other great tit populations in terms of adult survival which is lower than estimates from more southern Europe. This difference may reflect the impact of more difficult winters. Results from the wintering population support this line of reasoning. Within-winter movement was lower during mid-winter (January to February) and decreased during cold periods. This pattern is probably linked to energy saving and predator escaping strategies during these demanding periods when energy expenditure is high and birds have limited daylight hours to forage. Site fidelity was lower for juveniles than adults within a winter, but not between winters. In addition, survival showed strong links to winter weather. There was temporal variation within winters, particularly when the winter was colder than usual. Survival of juveniles showed a stronger response to cold temperatures. When mean daily minimum temperatures declined below –15 C° degrees, survival started to decline. Low winter temperatures thus provide one explanation for the lower annual adult survival and the sink nature of the population. The results suggest that great tits suffer from the cold conditions of the north: higher mortality increases turnover allowing for strong immigration. Great tits should benefit from warming winters caused by climate changeTiivistelmä Väitöskirjassani tutkin talitiaisen (Parus major) populaatiodynamiikkaa, talviaikaista paikkauskollisuutta ja säilyvyyttä levinneisyysalueen pohjoisreunan läheisessä populaatiossa Oulussa. Aikuissäilyvyys oli vuosittain hieman alhaisempi kuin lajin ydinalueella Länsi-Euroopassa. Tutkimusalueella syntyneistä poikasista vain pieni osa jäi pesimään tutkimusalueelle, mikä heijastaa voimistunutta lähtömuuttoa huonolaatuiselta alueelta. Ajallinen vaihtelu populaation kasvukertoimessa oli suurta, mutta keskiarvo osoittaa nykyisen populaation kasvavan. Havaitsemani populaation kasvu ei selity kasvulla aikuissäilyvyydessä tai paikallisessa rekrytoinnissa. Oletan, että populaatio on ollut tulomuuton ylläpitämä nielu (tai valenielu) lähes kaikkina tutkimusvuosina. Niinpä populaatio on demografisesti ja geneettisesti riippuvainen ydinalueesta, josta tuleva geenivirta aiheuttaa ongelmia paikallisiin olosuhteisiin sopeutumisessa. Tutkin sekä talvensisäistä että talvien välistä paikkauskollisuutta suhteessa ikään, sukupuoleen, vuodenaikaan, lämpötilaan ja päivän pituuteen. Talvensisäinen liikkuvuus oli vähäisintä keskitalvella erityisesti kylmien jaksojen aikana. Tämä ilmiö on luultavasti yhteydessä energiansäästöön ja saalistajien välttelyyn näiden vaativien jaksojen aikana, jolloin energiankulutus on suurta ja valoisa ruokailuaika on lyhyt. Nuorten talvensisäinen paikkauskollisuus oli huonompi kuin aikuisten, mutta sukupuolten välillä tässä ei ollut eroa. Sen sijaan talvien välisessä paikkauskollisuudessa ei ollut ryhmien välisiä eroja, mikä viittaa paikkauskollisuudesta olevan yhtäläiset hyödyt kaikille. Nuoret luultavasti keräävät tietoa resursseista ensimmäisenä talvenaan ja täten hankkivat samat edut kuin aikuiset palatessaan alueelle seuraavana talvena. Tutkin, onko talvella lintujen ruokintapaikkoja hyödyntävien talitiaisten säilyvyydessä ympäristötekijöistä, kuten lämpötilasta, johtuvaa vaihtelua. Talvisäilyvyys vaihteli paljon etenkin tavallista kylmempänä talvena. Nuoret kärsivät eniten kylmistä lämpötiloista. Kun keskilämpötila laski –15 C°:seen tai sen alapuolelle, säilyvyys alkoi heikentyä. Verrattuna kylmään talveen säilyvyys oli 1,5 kertaa todennäköisempää lauhan talven aikana. Talitiaiset näyttävät kärsivän pohjoisen kylmistä olosuhteista: korkea kuolleisuus lisää vaihtuvuutta ja geenivirtaa, kun alueelle kohdistuu voimakasta tulomuuttoa
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Boyle, Alice. "Why do Birds Migrate? The Role of Food, Habitat, Predation, and Competition." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195068.
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The ultimate causes of bird migration are largely unknown despite more than a century of research. By studying partially migratory short-distance tropical migrants and by employing comparative methods, some difficulties in testing hypotheses for evolution of migration can be overcome. Using comparative methods I tested the evolutionary precursor hypothesis, a major hypothesis for why migration evolved in some lineages and not in others. The results of this study conflicted with many assumptions and predictions of the evolutionary precursor hypothesis. Most importantly, migratory behavior was not related to diet and habitat in simple ways. The interaction between diet and habitat, as well as consistent associations between flocking behavior and migration suggested that food variability is poorly captured by the surrogates embodied in the evolutionary precursor hypothesis. I then employed comparative methods to studying tropical altitudinal migration. Comparisons of diets and fruit preferences between species pairs showed that migrants are more frugivorous, eat a broader diversity of fruits, and have diets that more strongly resemble their preferences than do residents. Although providing evidence that food limitation plays a role in altitudinal migration, these results do not support the hypothesis that interspecific competition explains variation in migratory behavior. Next, I provided the first test of a predation-based hypothesis to explain altitudinal migration. Migrants breed at higher elevations than where they spend their non-breeding season. Thus, birds may migrate uphill to escape high nest predation risk at lower elevations. Results from this experimental study are largely consistent with this hypothesis, but anomalies between predicted and observed patterns suggest that either migration of lowland birds occurs in response to other factors, or that anthropogenic change has altered the tradeoffs involved in migratory decisions. Finally, I focus on a single migrant species and evaluate (a) two food-based hypotheses to explain the destination of migration movements, and (b) mechanisms underlying intra-specific differences in migratory strategy. Food can explain why Corapipo altera migrate uphill, but not why they migrate downhill. My data on sex bias and body condition leads to a new hypothesis explaining the complete annual cycle of this tropical migrant bird.
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Behar, David. "Le voyage initiatique : activation et devenir des habitudes d'héritiers migrants issus de la grande bourgeoisie turque." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0036.
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Ce travail a pour enjeu de décrypter, dans un système économique et scolaire globalisé, les modalités de la reconversion des ressources d'une grande bourgeoisie cosmopolite. L'analyse porte sur les mécanismes de transmission et les rites d'initiation spécifiques d'un collectif de familles partageant des référents d'ancienneté et une même volonté de mobiliser les ressources offertes par le champ international, et ce dans un contexte inédit : la Turquie. Le voyage initiatique des héritiers de la grande bourgeoisie turque est un voyage au sens littéral. Il s'articule autour d'un cycle migratoire complexe comportant plusieurs départs et plusieurs retours. Mais le retour définitif étant projeté en même temps que le premier départ, l'équation de leur migration présente une inconnue de moins que celle du reste des migrants. Cette recherche montre que la dimension internationale des rites de passage en milieu bourgeois est désormais l'élément central d'un modèle de transmission déterminant l'accès aux formations d'excellence et aux positions les plus sélectives, tant dans le champ international que dans le milieu d'origine. L'originalité de l'approche proposée réside dans la mise en évidence de combinaisons individualisantes et de situations contradictoires, à partir de l'étude détaillée des cadres socialisateurs et des choix relationnels des héritiers. Les coûts du voyage initiatique se révèlent ainsi très élevés. Le moment de la prise de rôle est déterminé par la gestion des périodes critiques d'intensification de la réflexivité. En particulier, la durée et l'impact des décalages ressentis lors du retour définitif en Turquie viennent contredire l'idée selon laquelle les héritiers ont achevé, une fois validées les épreuves successives de la formation, l'essentiel de leur socialisation. L'issue du processus de transmission est dès lors subordonnée aux logiques de compromis traduisant la renégociation permanente, par l'héritier, de sa position et des rôles qui lui sont assignésThe premise of this work is to explore how a cosmopolitan bourgeoisie converts its social resources in the context of a globalized education and a globalized economy, undertaking a novel case study: Turkey. It analyses the transmission process and the specific rites of initiation in a group of families ail possessing an extensive social capital accumulated over time and sharing a common agenda to mobilize the resources offered by the international field. The initiatory journey of the heirs of the Turkish bourgeoisie is a journey in the literal sense, as it involves a complex migratory cycle with several departures and returns. However, since the first departure and the final return are planned at the same time, their migration presents one less unknown factor when compared to other migration patterns. This research shows that the international dimension of the rites of initiation is the central element of a model of transmission determining access to prestigious educational institutions and to the most selective working positions, both on the international market and in the country of origin. This approach is original in that it focuses on the contradictory situations through a detailed study of socializ¬ing contexts and relationship choices. The costs of the initiatory journey appear then to be very high. The unexpected readjustment crisis experienced in the first years after final return to Turkey is in direct contradiction to the established idea that the heirs have completed their socialization when the successive challenges of their formation have been conquered. The success of transmission process depends on the ability to compromise, as there is a continuing renegotiation of the heirs' position and roles they perceive as assigned to them
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Barg, Jennifer Jane. "Small-scale biological phenomena in a male neotropical migrant songbird, space use, habitat use, and behaviour within territories of male cerulean warblers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65600.pdf.
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Harris, Krystal. "Transnational Parenting and Cultural Capital : A qualitative study on cultural capital and parenting strategies of English-speaking migrants in Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-168984.
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This study explores how English-speaking migrant parents in Sweden value transnational and linguistic cultural capital, and how they draw upon their own cultural resources in order to help their children acquire these forms of capital and inculcate a habitus. Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital, social capital and habitus are used in a qualitative study in order to investigate how parents cultural capital was valued in the new cultural context, how they acquired new, more relevant capital for themselves, and how this shaped the aims, expectations and strategies they had to help their children acquire valued forms of capital. Despite possessing a valuable form of linguistic capital, parents sometimes felt themselves to be limited within the Swedish setting, however this was justified due to the opportunities seen to be available for their children. Parents expressed they wished their children to develop a global perspective and develop skills and knowledge that would allow them to operate in transnational settings. In a rapidly changing world, it was difficult to know which skills would be required, but due to their knowledge of multiple national contexts, they felt that they were in a good position to help their children acquire the forms of capital that had been useful for them in their own experiences of migration. The parents negotiated these multiple national settings, taking what they saw as valuable from each, thereby helping their children’s acquisition of both linguistic and transnational capital.
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Santos, Katia Maria Pacheco dos. "Práticas agroalimentares em unidades de conservação de uso sustentável sob a ótica da segurança alimentar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-26052015-151240/.
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Mudanças em modos de vida têm sido observadas junto aos agricultores quilombolas e não quilombolas no Vale do Ribeira, trazendo reflexos diretos à alimentação das famílias, bem como ao modo de uso da terra para fins alimentares. A agricultura em pequena escala é uma prática comum nas unidades de conservação no bioma Mata Atlântica, configurando diferentes realidades quanto à segurança alimentar das populações residentes nessas áreas de conservação ambiental. Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se explorar a relação entre modos de vida e segurança alimentar em duas comunidades agrícolas em duas unidades de conservação de uso sustentável, a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Quilombos da Barra do Turvo e da Área de Proteção Ambiental Planalto do Turvo, que fazem parte do Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação do Jacupiranga, Vale do Ribeira, SP. Os métodos usados para a coleta de dados incluíram questionário estruturado, recordatório 24 horas, sendo visitadas 48 unidades familiares, 24 em cada unidade de conservação. Dados secundários referentes ao cadastramento oficial do ITESP e da gestão de ambas UCs também foram consultados e sistematizados. Foram identificadas as atividades de subsistência que geram recursos alimentares e financeiros, os ambientes de obtenção das mesmas; os hábitos alimentares e verificados contrastes quanto ao consumo de alimentos. Atividades geradoras de alimentos contribuem para a segurança alimentar especialmente na RDS Quilombos, comunidade com maior grau de envolvimento com as práticas agroalimentares quando comparada a APA Planalto do Turvo. Diferenças significativas quanto à composição da dieta entre os grupos pesquisados não foram constatadas nesta pesquisa, indicando que não existem períodos de insegurança alimentar. Os resultados deste estudo reforçam a importância da agricultura contribuindo para a segurança alimentar, concluindo que a prática de produção agroalimentar na RDS e na APA não contradiz a premissa dessas unidades de conservação e contribui para a manutenção da segurança e a soberania alimentar. Embora esse equilíbrio seja frágil, podendo se desestabilizar devido a fatores como diminuição da mão de obra e baixa produtividade, pode-se considerar que a segurança e soberania alimentar foram confirmadas, uma vez que observou-se não haver insegurança alimentar junto aos grupos investigados.Changes in lifestyle have been observed in the quilombolas and no quilombolas families in Vale do Ribeira-SP, bringing direct reflections in their feed habit, as well as the use of land in order to food purpose.Small-scale agriculture is a common practice in protected areas of the Atlantic Forest biome, configuring different realities on the food security of people in these areas of environmental conservation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between lifestyle and food security in two agricultural communities in two protected areas of sustainable use, the Sustainable Development Reserve Quilombo Barra do Turvo and Environmental Protection Area Plateau Nublado, part of the Mosaic Jacupiranga of Conservation Units, Vale do Ribeira, SP. The methods used for data collection included structured questionnaire and visit to 48 families, 24 in each protected area. Secondary data relating to official registration and management of ITESP and UC were consulted and systematized. Subsistence activities were identified that generate food and financial resources, as well as their production environment and the eating habits. Also was verified contrast in food consumption. Food generating activities contribute to food security especially in RDS Quilombos community which is the most expressive in the agricultural food practices when compared to APA Planalto do Turvo. Significant differences in diet composition between the groups surveyed were not found in this study, indicating that there are no periods of food insecurity. The results of this study reinforce the importance of agriculture contributing to food security. Concluding, the agricultural food production practice in the RDS and in the APA does not contradict the premise of these protected areas and contributes to the maintenance of security and food sovereignty. Although, this balance is fragile and may become unstable due to factors such as reduced labor and low productivity. Beside this, it can be considered that it was confirmed, since there was no food insecurity along the investigated groups.
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Lessig, Heather. "Species Distribution and Richness Patterns of Bird Communities in the High Elevation Forests of Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35899.
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Island biogeography theory predicts that the patterns and distributions of spatially isolated populations are governed by large scale processes. The high elevations forests in the Southern Appalachians represent a series of naturally fragmented islands that harbor many isolated populations of species at the southern limits of their range. Understanding the governing forces of population dynamics in this region will enhance the probability of species persistence in the face of threats such as global warming and human development. We surveyed bird populations across multiple elevations in Virginia and combined this with a multi-scale habitat analysis to determine influences of species presence and species richness. We detected 101 species across the elevation gradient, including 12 species with special conservation status and ten species whose presence increased with increasing elevation. These ten elevation sensitive species responded to habitat variables at both the microhabitat and landscape scale, with species-specific patterns of habitat variable correlation emerging. Habitat type was least effective in predicting species presence for any elevation sensitive species. Species richness declined over the elevation gradient until the highest elevations, where this trend reversed and richness began to increase. This pattern was driven by an increase in short-distance migrants beginning at mid-elevations, which ultimately overpowered a corresponding decrease in long-distance migrants beginning at similar elevations. Habitat analysis linked these patterns to a preference of short-distance migrants for smaller, more isolated non-forested patches, and a historical lack of persistence for long-distance migrants. Conservation and management decisions for the region should focus on a multi-scale approach that preserves all habitat types for continued species presence and high species richness, although the persistence of particular elevation sensitive species is compounded by unique species-habitat relationships and the perception of islands as species-specific. Continued monitoring of these fragmented populations in light of both short- and long-term threats which span multiple scales of influence will maintain high species richness and ensure the persistence of crucial breeding habitat.Master of Science
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Ivande, Samuel T. "Distribution ecology of Palearctic migrants in the humid Guinea savannah in West Africa." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7446.
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Declines in breeding populations of most migrants across much of the Palearctic have been linked to environmental conditions in their African non-breeding grounds. Studying winter distribution dynamics for these species is necessary to understand how factors in these areas may influence their overall population dynamics. This thesis explored in detail the distribution ecology of migrants in the Guinea savannah, the region from where wintering migrants currently show the greatest breeding population declines. In particular, I investigated some prevailing but hitherto little tested ecological hypothesis concerning impacts of geographical, vegetation and anthropogenic characteristics on the densities and winter distribution of migrants in Africa. Migrant distribution seemed to fit a pattern where decisions leading to winter habitat choice and association were hierarchical and jointly influenced by factors extrinsic and intrinsic to the habitats at large and finer scales respectively. Migrants were distributed in reasonable densities across a wide range of habitats. There was also evidence for an independent effect of latitude on densities and distribution, even after controlling for habitat characteristics. There was no evidence of large changes in latitudinal density patterns within a given winter season and site density patterns were generally consistent over the study duration. Migrants and taxonomically-related/ecologically similar Afrotropical residents showed similarities in habitat requirements and utilization, although migrants utilized habitats over a wider latitudinal range. Some migrants tended to show correspondence in site occurrence between consecutive winters but less so within a given winter season and there was an overall low transferability of habitat models for Palearctic migrants between sites in Nigeria. Collectively, the results describe distribution mechanisms typical for ecologically flexible species that can best be described as habitat generalists. As generalists, migrants are expected to show some resilience, especially in dealing with local and small scale changes on their wintering grounds such that these are unlikely to be the primary limiting factor in their population dynamics. However, the scale of ongoing habitat change across much of Africa is perhaps contributing to overcome the resilience engendered by their generalism. Conservation efforts for these mainly generalists species may therefore aim to preserve habitat on a large scale, perhaps through the promotion of sustainable land use practices.
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Bernard, Tiphaine. "Habiter le foyer : Approche anthropologique de la résidentialisation des foyers à travers l’ « exception » Centenaire, une résidence sociale en co-gestion à Montreuil-sous-Bois." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080095.
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Depuis 1997 et suite aux rapports de Pierre Pascal en 1994 et d'Henri Cuq en 1996, un « plan detraitement » a été mis en oeuvre pour moderniser les foyers de travailleurs migrants. Depuis la circulairede 2006 et le lancement de plans quinquennaux pour organiser ces changements, cette planification et latransformation des foyers en résidences sociales sont accélérées.En premier lieu, cette thèse présentera le travail ethnographique mené aux côtés d’habitants de foyerspour mettre en perspective les objectifs du « plan de traitement » avec le vécu et la pensée des résidantspour se centrer sur leurs représentations d’un logement digne et leurs pratiques d’inclusion. Latransformation des foyers est également étudiée comme une forme de résidentialisation pour en extraire leslogiques. Elle soulève des tensions, imposant des normes sur l' « habiter » et des déménagements forcés.Par un retour sur les mobilisations multiples qui jalonnent l’histoire des foyers et produisent une mémoirepolitique, j’ai cherché à analyser leurs formes contemporaines qui relèvent de la défense et d’une présencephysique comme forme de revendication. A partir de l’étude, pour un foyer de Montreuil, du passage d’unfonctionnement en gestion autonome à celui d’une co-gestion, l’attention a été portée sur les risques pris parles acteurs en présence et sur l’expertise des habitants. Ce travail analyse les enjeux de la concertation et lamanière dont émerge et se réalise un système alternatif de gestion qui porte sur des savoir communs et partd'une mobilisation politique. Enfin, le caractère d'exception de cette expérimentation sera interrogéSince 1997 and following the 1994 Pierre Pascal’s and the 1996 Henri Cuq’s reports a « treatment plan »has been implemented to modernize the « Migrants Workers' Homes ». Since the 2006 circular and thelaunch of the five-year term plans to organize this changes, a speeding up and a transformation of thishomes in social residences has been noticed.Firstly, my PHD will show the ethnographic work lead with the occupants of this homes to question betterthe terminologies usually used by the institutions and their meanings. It will show the targets of this« treatment plan » with the stories and thoughts of the occupants to focus on their representations of aproper location and their own way to include themselves. The Migrants Workers' Homes' transformations willbe compared with gates community renovation process. This policy creates tensions forcing people to moveand force themselves to follow new norms. After studying the history of fights in Migrants Workers' Homesand their transmission, the modern way of fighting in this homes will be presented. Then, starting from theanalysis of the change from autonomous organization to a shared management in Migrants Workers' Homesin Montreuil, the focus is on the risks taken by the protagonists, and on the expertise of the residents. Finally,the alternative system and the residents knowledges’ recognition of legitimacy will be analysed
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Bechini, Thibault. "Des villes migrantes : Marseille, Buenos Aires : construire et habiter les périphéries urbaines au temps des migrations italiennes (1860-1914)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H090.
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Entre le milieu du XIXe siècle et la Première Guerre mondiale, Marseille et Buenos Aires connaissent une expansion urbaine sans précèdent, étroitement liée à l'arrivée dans ces deux villes de nombreux migrants originaires de la péninsule italienne. Dans une perspective comparée, ce travail étudie la territorialisation de la présence italienne dans les quartiers périphériques des deux ports ; il met en évidence la contribution des migrants aux mutations techniques et typologiques qui affectent le secteur de la construction dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Dans une perspective translocale, la thèse étudie des circulations humaines et matérielles qui permettent de faire une lecture réticulée des transformations urbaines au temps des migrations italiennes. Après avoir rappelé le rôle joué par les Italiens dans la mise en contact des deux ports et avoir analysé l'organisation sociale dans les quartiers périphériques au début de la période, ce travail étudie la contribution des migrants italiens à la transformation des modes de production de la ville ordinaire entre les années 1860 et le début du XXe siècle. Pour ce faire, l'analyse recourt principalement aux minutes des juridictions civiles, justice de paix et tribunal de première instance, qui sont compétentes pour régler un grand nombre de litiges ayant trait à la propriété, à la construction et aux marches immobilier et locatif. La reconstitution de trajectoires résidentielles et professionnelles permet d'observer la manière dont les migrants italiens investissent les périphéries urbaines, comme habitants et comme travailleurs spécialistes du bâtiment. Selon les contextes d'installation, il est alors possible de souligner des différences en matière de spécialisation professionnelle ; parallèlement, sont mises en évidence les appropriations divergentes des techniques et des matériaux de construction dont on suit la circulation dans l'espace euro-américain. Enfin, l'étude montre comment changement technique et changement social modifient les interactions économiques et les aspirations politiques dans les quartiers périphériques à la veille de la Première Guerre mondialeBetween the mid-19th century and the First World War, Marseille and Buenos Aires experienced unprecedented urban expansion, closely linked to the arrival in these two cities of many migrants from the Italian peninsula. In a comparative perspective, this work studies the territorialisation of the Italian presence in the peripheral districts of the two ports; it highlights the contribution of migrants to the technical and typological changes which affected the construction sector in the second half of the 19th century. In a translocal perspective, the thesis studies human and material circulation which allows a reticulated reading of the urban transformations at the time of the Italian migrations. After recalling the role played by Italians in bringing the two ports into contact and analysing the social organisation in the peripheral districts at the beginning of the period, this work studies the contribution of Italian migrants to the transformation of the modes of production of the ordinary city between the 1860s and the beginning of the 20th century. To do so, the analysis mainly uses the minutes of the civil courts, justice of the peace and the court of first instance, which are competent to settle a large number of disputes relating to property, construction and the real estate and rental markets. The reconstruction of residential and professional trajectories allows us to observe how Italian migrants settled in the urban peripheries, both as inhabitants and as construction workers. According to the contexts of settlement, it is then possible to highlight differences in professional specialisation; at the same time, the construction techniques and materials whose circulation is followed in the Euro-American space are the subject of divergent appropriations. Finally, the study shows how technical and social change altered economic interactions and political aspirations in the peripheral neighbourhoods on the eve of the First World War
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Pahr-Hosbach, Sandra [Verfasser]. ""The situation is changing the habits" - dietary acculturation and affecting factors among selected South Indian migrants in Singapore in context of the acculturation process / Sandra Pahr-Hosbach." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068922028/34.
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Munhoz, Manoela Rodrigues. ""Eles passar?o, eu passarinho" : o processo migrat?rio das fam?lias vinculadas ao Programa Integrado Entrada da Cidade de Porto Alegre/RS." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/589.
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Previous issue date: 2015-01-13This study proposes to evaluate transitory housing strategies in Porto Alegre City Entrance Integrated Program (PIEC). In the PIEC, transitory housing alternatives are used to enable the migration process of awaiting resettlement families in the program housing axis. This is an evaluative formative ex-post survey with mixed (qualitative and quantitative) approach. The study is supported on the critical social theory and has the critical dialectical method as its methodological reference framework, with the categories: historicity, totality and contradiction. The data source is field research carried out through semi-structured interviews with the City Housing Department (DEMHAB) employees, the community leaders and families linked to PIEC, besides statistical sources analysis and the review of official documents from the Ministry of cities, Municipality of Porto Alegre and DEMHAB. As a result, it was identified indissociable relationship between capitalist cities urbanization process and the housing issue conformation, marked by the housing mercantilization. It was verified that the current privatist expansion on urban land aggravattes the historic processes of socio-territorial segregation. About PIEC, the speeches in the interviews point to the need for intersectoral approach, planning and management. Concerning transitory housing alternatives, it was identified: a disconnection between families forwarding process and the resettlement work; the divergent judgement between workers and users regarding the halfway house; the social rent alternative selectivity; the fear of leaving their original region; the Emergency House inadequacy as transitory housing due to long waiting periods without deadline for ending; the study points to the need of planning and implementation reviews in the PIEC, by incorporating new elements that nowadays compose the territory, with proper participation of all those involved, especially users of the housing policy, in order to ensure that the commitment signed more than a decade ago by the Porto Alegre Municipality will be met and expanded.
O presente estudo tem como tema a quest?o habitacional e o direito ? cidade a partir das a??es desenvolvidas pela pol?tica social p?blica de habita??o. Possui como objeto de an?lise o processo migrat?rio desencadeado pelo Programa Integrado Entrada da Cidade (PIEC) atrav?s do encaminhamento para as distintas estrat?gias de moradia transit?ria: casa de passagem, casa de emerg?ncia e aluguel social. No PIEC, as alternativas de moradia transit?rias s?o utilizadas para viabilizar a constru??o dos novos loteamentos que ocorrem predominantemente nos locais de origem das fam?lias que aguardam o reassentamento do eixo habitacional do programa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo avaliativa formativa ex-post, de abordagem mista, qualitativa-quantitativa. Fundamenta-se na teoria social cr?tica e tem como referencial metodol?gico o m?todo dial?tico cr?tico, a partir das categorias te?ricas de an?lise: historicidade, totalidade e contradi??o. Utilizou-se como fonte de dados a pesquisa de campo, realizada atrav?s de entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores do Departamento Municipal de Habita??o (DEMHAB), lideran?as comunit?rias e fam?lias vinculadas ao PIEC, e a an?lise documental, atrav?s de fontes estat?sticas e dos documentos oficiais da Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre e DEMHAB. Como resultado, identificou-se como indissoci?vel a rela??o entre o processo de urbaniza??o das cidades capitalistas e conforma??o da quest?o habitacional, marcada pela mercadoriza??o da moradia. Constatou-se que a atual expans?o privatista sobre o solo urbano agrava os processos hist?ricos de segrega??o socioterritorial. Sobre o PIEC, as falas apontam para a necessidade de intersetorialidade, planejamento e gest?o. Em rela??o ?s alternativas de moradia transit?ria, identificou-se: a desarticula??o entre os encaminhamentos e a realiza??o da obra de reassentamento; a avalia??o divergente entre trabalhadores e usu?rios sobre a casa de passagem; a seletividade da alternativa do aluguel social; o receio em sair da regi?o de origem; a inadequa??o do uso da Casa de Emerg?ncia como moradia transit?ria, dado o longo per?odo de espera sem prazo para findar. O estudo aponta para a necessidade de reformula??o do planejamento e execu??o do PIEC, incorporando os novos elementos que hoje comp?em o territ?rio, com a devida participa??o de todos os atores envolvidos, sobretudo os usu?rios da pol?tica, a fim de garantir que o compromisso firmado pela PMPA h? mais de uma d?cada seja cumprido e ampliado.
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El, Maoula El Iraki Aziz. "Petites villes et villes moyennes : Etat, migrants et élites locales. Cas de trois villes de la région Nord-Ouest marocaine." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00503146.
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Cette thèse s'interroge sur les mécanismes de développement des petites villes et villes moyennes au Maroc. Après une brève revue de leur poids démographique dans l'urbanisation du pays et des politiques publiques les concernant, des acteurs privilégiés sont mis en exergue en tant que moteur de développement. Il s'agit aussi bien des fonctionnaires de l'Etat dans leurs logiques de consommation et d'investissement que des migrants ruraux qui s'installent dans ces villes pour continuer à bénéficier de la proximité de leur espace rural d'origine. La seconde partie de la thèse est plus spécifique à trois villes de la région Nord-Ouest du Maroc choisies sur la base de critères croisés ; le poids de l'histoire urbaine et le type de rapport au pouvoir central, le niveau et le type de développement de l'arrière pays actuel. En tant que représentatives de différents types de villes intermédiaires, Chefchaouen, Souk El Arbaa et Tiflet sont alors étudiées tour à tour à travers les logiques et comportements de leurs élites économiques d'une part et dans le mode de gestion urbaine de leurs édiles d'autre part. Outre l'interrogation sur le recoupement entre élite économique et élite politique, cette thèse accorde une place primordiale aux ressources de pouvoirs des élites locales et à leur relation au pouvoir central. Si l'étude des élites locales dans le monde arabe et au Maroc en particulier ont privilégié les stratégies de cooptation du pouvoir central, cela a surtout occulté l'émergence d'une élite « non voulue » par le pouvoir central. Quelles sont les sources de légitimité internes de cette élite ? Avec la diversité des territoires se retrouve une diversité de compétences et de valeurs portées par ces élites. L'importance à accorder au « local » est d'autant plus nécessaire que les thérapeutiques actuelles du développement participatif appuyé sur un mouvement associatif supposé compétitif se généralisent sous la pression des organismes internationaux. Cette thèse répond partiellement, et sur des terrains spécifiques, à la question du renouvellement des élites et à la capacité du système politique à intégrer de nouvelles élites ancrées dans leur territoire et ayant davantage de compétences de gestion du développement local.
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Gellereau, Claire. "Life is easy here" : Migrer, travailler, se loger, s’éduquer, pratiques et privilèges des Nord-Américains, Britanniques et Français à Séoul." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12020.
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La thèse porte sur les pratiques urbaines des migrants britanniques, canadiens, états-uniens et français qui travaillent et résident dans la ville de Séoul en Corée du Sud. Dans la continuité de travaux sur les pratiques urbaines des classes moyennes-supérieures et sur les migrations "qualifiées", nous interrogeons l’hétérogénéité sociale de ces migrants à partir de leurs pratiques résidentielles, scolaires et migratoires. L’enquête combine soixante-dix entretiens et l’exploitation de données quantitatives (recensements, visas accordés). Les résultats montrent que ces migrants forment une "mosaïque sociale" dont les pratiques à Séoul correspondent à celles des classes moyennes et moyennes supérieures dans leurs pays respectifs. Leurs pratiques résidentielles correspondent, selon les cas, à la recherche d’un entre-soi ou, au contraire, à la recherche d’une diversité sociale. Leurs pratiques scolaires témoignent de stratégies dont la socialisation à "l’international" est la pierre angulaire. Bien que leurs statuts et pratiques soient hétérogènes, nous constatons que ces personnes disposent lors de leur migration en Corée du Sud de privilèges liés à leurs nationalités et leur classe d’origine. L’aisance avec laquelle ils migrent et trouvent un emploi est le résultat de politiques migratoires asymétriques entre leurs pays d’origines et la Corée du Sud. Ce privilège migratoire permet à ces personnes d’accumuler, selon leurs trajectoires, des ressources économiques, sociales et culturelles à Séoul. La thèse explore les pratiques de ces « migrants privilégiés » à Séoul et entend apporter une contribution à la sociologie des migrations, urbaine et des classes socialesThis thesis focuses on the urban practices of British, Canadian, American and French migrants who work and live in Seoul, South Korea. In line with the academic research on urban practices of the middle and upper-middle classes and on skilled migrations, we will question the social heterogeneity of these migrants through the study of their residential, schooling and migration practices. This research combines seventy interviews with quantitative analysis (census, immigration data). Results show that these migrants form a "social patchwork" whose practices in Seoul fit with those of the middle and upper-middle classes in their respective countries. Depending on the cases, their housing practices correspond either to a quest for self-segregation or, in contrast, for "international" socialization. Schooling practices show strategies for which "international" socialization is a cornerstone. Although their statuses and practices are heterogeneous, we find that these people have, during their migration in South Korea, privileges linked to their nationalities and class origins. The ease with which they migrate and find employment is the result of asymmetric migration policies between their countries of origin and South Korea. This migration privilege allows them to accumulate, depending on their trajectories, economical, social and cultural resources in Seoul. The thesis explores the practices of "privileged migrants" in Seoul and aims to contribute to the sociology of migration, to urban sociology, and to social class analysis
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McDermott, Molly E. "The Contribution of Agroforestry Systems to Bird Conservation in the Andes." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397647503.
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Lee, Mi-Ae. "Sortir de la chaîne du care De travailleuses socialistes chaoxianzu (朝鮮族) à domestiques migrantes en France, Corée du Sud et Chine." Thesis, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH15/document.
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Cette thèse traite des effets de la migration sur le statut professionnel et social des travailleuses domestiques et des nouveaux rapports de subordination qui en découlent, analysés à l'intersection des rapports de genre, de classe et de « race ». Le but de cette recherche est d'aborder l'ordre hiérarchique de ces différents rapports et d'analyser les causes structurelles de la subordination. Les travailleuses migrantes chaoxianzu appartenaient à la classe symboliquement au pouvoir dans la Chine socialiste, en tant qu’ouvrières industrielles et agricoles. En examinant leur expérience de travail dans cinq villes de trois pays - France, Corée du Sud et Chine - nous analysons comment les conditions de travail de chaque société d’immigration affectent leur statut en tant que travailleuses. Les participantes à notre recherche vivent et perçoivent leur expérience de travail à la lumière de l’habitus professionnel de la Chine socialiste, basé sur la fierté en tant que travailleuses. Selon leur perception, dans la migration, elles ne changent pas pour un niveau hiérarchique et professionnel inférieur, mais souffrent, collectivement, de la position subalterne des travailleurs domestiques sans-papiers dans le référentiel de l’ordre hiérarchique de la société capitaliste. Plutôt qu'un travail trivial, elles perçoivent leur métier comme une somme de tâches nobles, physiques et émotionnelles. Elles s’inscrivent dans la chaîne globalisée du care. Mais, en s'interrogeant sur leur statut subalterne, elles remettent en cause la logique de reproduction de la hiérarchie socialeThis thesis deals with the effects of migration on the occupational and social status of domestic workers and the resulting new relationships of subordination that are analyzed at the intersection of gender, class and ‘race’ relations. The purpose of this research is to address the hierarchical order of these different relationships and to analyze the structural causes of subordination. The Chaoxianzu women migrant workers belonged to the class symbolically in power in socialist China, as industrial and agricultural workers. By examining their work experience in five cities in three countries - France, South Korea and China - we analyze how the working conditions of each immigration society affect their status as women workers. The participants in our research live and perceive their work experience in light of their professional habitus of socialist China, based on pride as women workers. According to their perception, in migrating they do not change for a lower hierarchical and professional level, but collectively suffer from the subordinate position of undocumented domestic workers typical for capitalist society’s hierarchical order. Rather than perceiving their job as trivial, they see it as a sum of noble, physical and emotional tasks. They are part of the global chain of care. But, in questioning their subordinate status, they undermine the logic inherent to the reproduction of social hierarchies
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Mills, Alexander Matthew. "Challenges to conventional explanations of habitat specificity in migrant birds /." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=442617&T=F.
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Koul, Ravender Kumar. "Habitat, economy and society of recent migrants from Kashmir division." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/946.
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Kalarickal, Annie John. "Studies on dietary habits and chronic disease profile of migrant and resident Indians versus U.A.E. population." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4108.
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"Effects of food abundance on non-breeding habitat quality for two species of ground-foraging neotropical migrant warblers." Tulane University, 1999.
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Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) and Swainson's Warblers (Limnothlypis swainsonii) wintering in Jamaica exhibited divergent foraging behaviors, with Ovenbirds picking prey from the leaf litter surface and Swainson's Warblers flicking leaves aside to search for prey concealed beneath the leaf litter. The two species consumed significantly different prey: Ovenbirds feeding primarily on ants, and Swainson's Warblers most frequently consuming beetles and spiders, but also consuming roaches and small geckos. The differences in foraging strategies help explain the species' different habitat use patterns. Because of the ubiquity of ants, Ovenbirds are habitat generalists whereas Swainson's Warblers are dependent on habitats that have a well-developed canopy, leaf litter layer, and an abundant leaf litter fauna Ovenbird body condition declined seasonally, concurrent with seasonal declines in prey biomass. Rectrix regrowth rates and overwinter change in body mass were significantly correlated with ant biomass on Ovenbird territories. In habitats and years in which prey biomass decreased to <2.5 mg/0.25 m 2, Ovenbirds were not able to maintain body mass. The results confirm the hypothesis that dry season desiccation significantly decreases arthropod populations and the severity of the dry season strongly affects habitat quality for Ovenbirds Swainson's Warblers appear to be more tolerant of dry season leaf litter desiccation than Ovenbirds, as habitats with a deep leaf litter layer provided refugia for invertebrates. Correspondingly, Swainson's Warbler showed no seasonal decline in dry forests where they were relatively common. These results underscore the need for conservation of dry forests for the geographically restricted Swainson's Warblers Ovenbirds defended spatiotemporal territories, such that home ranges of neighboring birds overlapped, but individuals were not in the same place at the same time. Home range size was not significantly correlated with prey biomass. However, I experimentally decreased ant biomass on portions of the home ranges of four individuals. These birds showed a significant increase in home range size and movement rates. Control birds showed no change in either variable. These results strongly suggest that Ovenbirds constantly monitor food resources and adjust home range size accordingly and that food abundance limits winter habitat carrying capacityacase@tulane.edu
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Marte, Lidia 1965. "Migrant seasonings : food practices, cultural memory, and narratives of 'home' among Dominican communities in New York City." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17985.
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This dissertation examines politics and poetics of food, memory and ‘home’ among Dominican immigrants in New York City. Through a framework of ‘foodmaps’ it traces cultural histories of seven Dominican families from the gendered perspectives of the cooks in each household. Examining translocal food paths reveal the crucial role of migrant food relations in gendered production of home, place-making and community formations. ‘Migrant seasonings’ (the way immigrants season their foods and lives and the way they are ‘seasoned’ into new social relations) could be understood as contested sites of power negotiations, as strategic reclamation of ‘small measures of autonomy’, sociopolitical action, and historical visibility. Dominican foodmaps respond to culturally and historically specific ‘roots’ and ‘routes’ shared with other Afro-diasporic populations in the Americas. Food-place-memory becomes hence a continuum between geopolitical ‘seasonings’ in sending societies and new racializations in the US. Some findings of this project are: 1) food paid-unpaid labor are critical in negotiations of labor-time, places and social relations within households and in relation to the City and US state; 2) food is a key mediation for the way Dominican migrants learn to navigate and orient themselves in new environments; 3) cooking practices are inseparable from the narrative memories that give them meaning, constituting complex memory-work strategies, communicative and expressive means; 3) Food practices are crucial for the way cooks (especially women) claim value and autonomy for their life projects, produce senses of ‘home’, and re-inscribe through food-narratives their migrant history of struggles in Dominican Republic and the U.S. Basic contributions of this work are: 1) filling gaps in critical ethnographic research on food, gender and migration in Dominican and Caribbean studies; 2) development of a ‘foodmaps’ framework (a method-analytic frame to trace boundaries of ‘home’ through food relations); 3) examining food practices beyond ‘ethnic foodways’ tradition and nostalgia, but instead as critical and traumatic place-memory sites of implicit resistance, and as narrative spaces that re-inscribe working-class histories into hegemonic national narratives; 4) problematizing notions of private/public, personal/collective, memory/history in Afro-Caribbean socio-cultural formations; and 5) ‘native’ ethnography usage of interdisciplinary feminist, collaborative and media-based methodologies.text
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Wei, Xin-Yi, and 魏心怡. "The natal dispersal, home range and habitat use of juvenile black kite(Milvus migrans) in Taiwan." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fpgbx8.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
野生動物保育研究所
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Most secondary-poisoning events of the young Black Kite (Milvus migrans) occurred in southern Taiwan instead of northern part of the island. Yet it is not known whether this is related to the land use composition of the two areas. We used GSM/GPS transmitters to track two and three young birds in the northern and southern Taiwan, respectively. In 2016-2017 each bird were tracked for a total of 40-499 days, and among them one was died of carbonfuran poisoning in the nest prior to dispersal, and the other’s transmitters was retrieved nine months later, which was presumed dead. The mean dependency period when the young stayed at their natal sites averaged 52.5 days in spring. After that, they began to disperse, and reaching the maximum dispersal distance in fall. The average home range size (MCP) were 1,976 km2 for the northern young, covering the New Taipei, Taipei, Keelung, and northern coastal areas, while it was 2,726 km2 for southern young, covering the Pingtung, Taitung, Kaohsiung, and near the Tainan border. The young Black Kites mainly stayed around man-made habitats, such as farmland, fishpond, reservoir, and fishing port for feeding and then returned to and gathered near roosting sites in low-elevation forests. As compared with land use the young visited in norther area, farmland is more prevailing in the south. This explains why the south young Black Kites are more liable to die of pesticides. This study indicates that young Black Kite had large home range, and wandering mostly around anthropogenic activity areas. Future work includes how to reduce the chance of taking poisoned bird and rodent accidentally by the kite.
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Ritterson, Jeffrey D. "Generating Best Management Practices for Avian Conservation in a Land-Sparing Agriculture System, and the Habitat-Specific Survival of a Priority Migrant." 2015. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/295.
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A large amount of the world’s biodiversity is located in a disproportionately small amount of area, namely the tropics. Many of these areas are experiencing rapid landscape changes, mainly in the form of deforestation for agricultural practices. Current conservation efforts are focused on agricultural areas and their ability to provide habitat. The conservation value of a novel land-sparing agroforestry system, known as Integrated Open Canopy (IOC), was recently demonstrated on the study site when applied to coffee. IOC coffee supports forest species that are uncommon or absent in shade grown coffee. I generated best management practices for IOC farms relative to the conservation of forest-dependent birds by examining what features support the highest richness of species. The goal was to help develop guidelines for the implementation of IOC grown coffee.
The Golden-winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is a Neartic-Neotropical migrant of high conservation priority which has been documented using a range of nonbreeding habitat types, including IOC coffee farms. However, as is the case with many migrant species, little is known about whether survival differs among habitats. Though generally forest dependent, previous work found Golden-winged warblers select for habitat features other than categorical forest types, such as canopy height and microhabitat features. In an attempt to identify quality nonbreeding habitat, I estimated Golden-winged survival rates specific to an array of habitat features.
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Zachrison, Mozhgan. "Invisible voices : understanding the sociocultural influences on adult migrantsʼ second language learning and communicative interaction." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-114281.
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This dissertation is a qualitative study exploring the sociocultural influences on adult migrants’ second language learning and the communicative interaction through which they use the language. Guided by a theoretical perspective based on the concepts of life-world, habitus, social capital, symbolic honor, game, and the idea of the interrelatedness of learning and using a second language, this study aims to understand how migrants’ everyday life context, attachments to the home country, and ethnic affiliations affect the motivation for and attitude towards learning and using Swedish as a second language. Furthermore, the study explores in what way the context within which the language is taught and learned might affect the language development of adult migrants. The research questions of the study focus on both the institutional context, that is to say, what happened in a particular classroom where the study observations took place, and a migrant perspective based on the participants’ experiences of living in Sweden, learning the language and using it. Semi-structured interviews, informal conversational interviews, and classroom observations have been used as strategies to obtain qualitative data. The findings suggest that most of the participants experience feelings of non-belonging and otherness both in the classroom context and outside the classroom when they use the language. These feelings of non-belonging make the ties to other ethnic establishments stronger and lead to isolation from the majority society. The feelings of otherness, per se, are not only related to a pedagogical context that advocates monoculturalism but are also rooted in the migrants' life-world, embedded in dreams of going back to the home country, while forging a constant relation to ethnic networks, and in the practice of not using the Swedish language as frequently in the everyday life context as would be needed for their language development.ISBN 978-91-7104-591-1 (Malmö) ISBN:978-91-7519-271-0 (Linköping)
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Bedoya, Idrobo Luz Marina. "Maternidad y migración : Entre recuerdos y pensares : Historias de vida de quince mujeres latinoamericanas que habitan en Montréal (Canadá)." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7306.
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BOHDAL, Tomáš. "Drobní zemní savci podél přirozených a antropogenních krajinných bariér." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81300.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation summarises the result of the study of small terrestrial mammals (Eulipotyphla, Rodentia) along natural (watercourses) and anthropogenic (road, highway) landscape barriers. It points to an interesting phenomenon of road drainage ditches as a transitional migration environment, further it assesses the level of locomotion activity, the rate of structure of subpopulations and the frequency of crossing watercourses in the case of selected rodent species. It contributes with its results to solving problems concerning the effect of these landscape structures on the species diversity, ground mobility or genetic structure of small terrestrial mammals. ˙˙˙˙