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Journal articles on the topic 'Migrant employment'
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1
Könönen, Jukka. "Becoming a ‘Labour Migrant’: Immigration Regulations as a Frame of Reference for Migrant Employment." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 5 (March 18, 2019): 777–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017019835133.
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This article addresses the role of immigration regulations as a frame of reference for migrant employment before obtaining permanent residency status. Drawing on interviews with non-EU migrants and service sector employers in the Helsinki area, the article examines how immigration regulations inform migrant employment and contribute to the hierarchisation of labour markets. The analysis focuses on the legal significance of employment for migrants during the immigration process, which is related to the financial requirements for residence permits and manifested in the work permit process in particular. Immigration regulations increase migrants’ dependency on paid employment, consequently decreasing their bargaining power in the labour market. The findings demonstrate the changing dynamics of the supply and demand of labour in the low-paid service sector, where employers prefer to recruit migrants in temporary legal positions over local workers and ‘labour migrants’, resulting in what the author calls the juridical division of labour.
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Knight, Julie. "The Complex Employment Experiences of Polish Migrants in the UK Labour Market." Sociological Research Online 19, no. 4 (December 2014): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3520.
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Ten years after the most significant enlargement of the European Union (EU), academics and policymakers are still trying to understand the complexities and the experiences of the largest migrant group, the Poles. The main destination for the Polish migrants in the post-2004 period was the United Kingdom (UK). Significant attention has been paid to the economic and political implications of introducing a young, economically motivated migrant group to the UK, particularly during the recession. In regards to their work experience, the majority of the existing literature focuses on Polish migrants who take low-skilled positions when initially entering the UK and, as a result, contribute to the migrant paradox with high-skilled migrants taking low-skilled positions. This article will contribute to the other literature, which focuses on the Polish migrants’ ascent up the division of labour in the non-ethnic economy of the destination country. Using data gathered through semi-structured interviews with post-enlargement Polish migrants in 2008 and 2011 in Cardiff, this ascent, and the migrants’ work experience, is charted through migrant trajectories that were constructed from similarities identified in the sample. The findings highlight that not all of the Polish migrants in the UK may be contributing to the migrant paradox with several low-skilled migrants advancing up the division of labour. These findings have implications for migration policy at both the EU and the national level, particularly with the continued enlargement of the EU.
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Bryson, Alex, and Michael White. "Migrants and Low-Paid Employment in British Workplaces." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 5 (March 18, 2019): 759–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017019832509.
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Using nationally representative workplace data for Britain, we identify where migrants work and examine the partial correlation between workplace wages and whether migrants are employed at a workplace. Three-in-ten workplaces with five or more employees employ migrant workers, with the probability rising substantially with workplace size. We find the bottom quartile of the log earnings distribution is 4–5% lower in workplaces employing migrants, ceteris paribus. However, the effect is confined to workplaces set up before the introduction of the National Minimum Wage (NMW) in the late 1990s, consistent with the proposition that minimum wage regulation limits employers’ propensity to pay low wages in the presence of migrant workers.
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Tan, George, Andreas Cebulla, Anna Ziersch, and Andrew Taylor. "Australia’s State Specific and Regional Migration Schemes: exploring permanent and temporary skilled migration outcomes in South Australia." Australian Population Studies 3, no. 2 (November 17, 2019): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v3i2.50.
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Background Recent concerns about population growth and its consequences in Sydney and Melbourne have added momentum to the debate on ways to achieve a more even geographic distribution of population. However, there is little contemporary evidence about the impact of regionally-focused immigration policies in delivering positive migrant outcomes and easing pressures in major cities.Aims The aim of this paper is to compare migration, employment and settlement outcomes between permanent and temporary skilled migrants to South Australia (SA) as well as the factors influencing migrants’ decisions to move into and out of the State. Data and methods Data in this paper draws on the South Australian General Skilled Migrant survey of State-sponsored skilled migrants conducted by The University of Adelaide in 2015. Results Lifestyle and employment factors were important in decisions to come to, stay or leave SA. Permanent migrants were more likely to choose SA as a destination because it was perceived as a good place to raise a family, while temporary migrants were more likely to cite employment. Temporary visa holders had relatively poor employment outcomes. Conclusions Temporary and permanent visa holders experienced different settlement and employment outcomes, demonstrating that a more detailed understanding of migrant characteristics and outcomes may be useful in designing and evaluating regionally-focused migration initiatives.
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Bilecen, Başak, and Verena Seibel. "Network explanations of the gender gap in migrants’ employment patterns: Use of online and offline networks in the Netherlands." Journal of Family Research 33, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 541–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-484.
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Objective: We investigate the relation between having online and offline personal networks and employment for male and female migrants in the Netherlands.
Background: Previous research diagnoses an alarming gender gap for migrants in their employment patterns. Although social networks are identified as being crucial for migrants’ labor market participation, we know very little about how migrant men and women differ in their social networks and how these differences translate into varying employment opportunities.
Method: Drawing on the Dutch Immigrant Panel of LISS (Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences) dataset, we examined migrants’ employment patters who have arrived to the Netherlands under different migration streams by conducting logistic regression models.
Results: We identify two major findings. While contrary to our expectations, migrant women tend to be connected with those who are employed and with a Dutch background, less connected to men and have a rather dense network structure. Nonetheless, women’s personal networks do not significantly account for their unemployment, but rather their less use of LinkedIn than migrant men.
Conclusion: Our findings have implications in understanding network inequalities for female migrants in their labor market participation.
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Muschkin, Clara G. "Consequences of Return Migrant Status for Employment in Puerto Rico." International Migration Review 27, no. 1 (March 1993): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700104.
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At the aggregate level, return migrants in Puerto Rico in 1970 and 1980 faced greater employment-related difficulties, as compared with nonmigrants. This article explores the individual-level relationship of return migrant status to employment outcomes. The conceptual framework takes into consideration local and regional contextual factors, particularly the employment conditions prevailing in Puerto Rico during this period. Within this framework, specific hypotheses suggest a negative influence of return migrant status, as return migrants are particularly vulnerable to discontinuities in employment and to spells of unemployment. The findings substantiate the hypotheses for both census years and indicate the importance of the duration of residence in the United States and the timing of the return move as mediating factors.
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Inghammar, Andreas. "The Employment Contract Revisited. Undocumented Migrant Workers and the Intersection between International Standards, Immigration Policy and Employment Law." European Journal of Migration and Law 12, no. 2 (2010): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181610x496876.
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AbstractThis article considers recent legal developments on undocumented migrant workers, finds the acceptance of international legal standards unsatisfactory and argues that the private law rights derived from the “semi-legal” employment contract between the employer and the undocumented migrant worker generates a solid base for significant legal claims. It further monitors the promotion of the position of the undocumented migrant workers under recent EU law and calls for a refocusing on the employment contract in the reading of a relevant EC Directive, with a particular emphasis on the issue of access to justice for the migrant workers. The increased number of undocumented migrants who leave their countries of origin for reasons outside the scope of the asylum procedure, as well as the circumstances under which this migration is undertaken and the working conditions of these individuals in the host countries, have brought about legal activities from governments and institutions such as the EU. The aim has in general been to establish sanctions against employers of undocumented migrant workers, but a shift towards a compensatory, employee protective, attitude has recently emerged, both in EU legislation and in a broader perspective in US case law. The article concludes that such a development must be massively supported in relation to access to justice in order to fulfill the ambition. The poor legal position of the undocumented migrant workers is significantly connected to issues of legal representation, trade union participation and the threat of repatriation.
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Rodriguez, Robyn Magalit. "Philippine Migrant Workers' Transnationalism in the Middle East." International Labor and Working-Class History 79, no. 1 (2011): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547910000384.
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AbstractHow do migrants assert their rights as workers when they do not enjoy the rights of citizenship in their countries of employment and are unable to assert their human rights through international conventions? This article focuses on the work of Migrante-International's Middle East chapter in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, it examines the ways Philippine migrants strategically assert their rights as Philippine citizens transnationally in local labor struggles. This case study of transnational labor activism in a region where migrant workers enjoy limited rights not only highlights how migrants exercise their agency in spite of major obstacles, but it also offers up novel ways to think about worker organizing within the context of contemporary neoliberal globalization for labor activists and scholars concerned with the labor rights of migrants.
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Chauvin, Sébastien, Blanca Garcés-Mascareñas, and Albert Kraler. "Employment and Migrant Deservingness." International Migration 51, no. 6 (November 20, 2013): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imig.12123.
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Liu, Ying-Ying Tiffany. "Unequal Interdependency: Chinese Petty Entrepreneurs and Zimbabwean Migrant Labourers." Studies in Social Justice 2020, no. 14 (March 27, 2020): 146–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.1872.
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Exploring the cultural politics of diasporic entrepreneurs and migrant labourers through an examination of Chinese restaurants in Johannesburg, this article presents what I call the “intra-migrant economy” amid everyday racialized insecurities in urban South Africa. I use the term “intra-migrant economy” to refer to the employment of one group of migrants (Zimbabwean migrant workers) by another group of migrants (Chinese petty capitalists) as an economic strategy outside the mainstream labour market. These two groups of migrants work in the same industry, live in the same city, and have established a sort of unequal employment relation that can be hierarchical and interdependentat once. Chinese migrants are socially marginalized but not economically underprivileged, which stands in contrast to Zimbabwean migrants, who remain economically underprivileged even though they speak local languages. Their different socioeconomic positions in South Africa are profoundly influenced by their nationality and racialization. Thisanalysis of their interdependency focuses on the economic and political structures that shaped the underlying conditions that brought Chinese and Zimbabwean migrants to work together in South Africa.
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Mukhtar, Umar, Zhangbao Zhong, Beihai Tian, Amar Razzaq, Muhammad Naseer, and Tayyaba Hina. "Does Rural–Urban Migration Improve Employment Quality and Household Welfare? Evidence from Pakistan." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 4281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114281.
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Urban migration unlocks new employment opportunities for rural dwellers in a productive manner. This study assessed the quality of employment of migrant workers, and its effect on rural households’ welfare. To this end, we used primary data collected from the four major districts of Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Sialkot in Punjab, Pakistan. These data include 504 immigrant and non-immigrant families in rural areas, and 252 migrant workers in urban destinations. We use IV probit and two-step sequential estimation methods for the empirical analysis. The study provides new insights for migration in Pakistan. First, migrant workers are better off in their new urban settings in terms of improved incomes and living conditions, but their social protection status is still poor. Second, the results of the employment quality models show that migration is a successful strategy for rural households to improve the quality of their employment. In addition, the characteristics of migrants and native households affect the relative improvement in the quality of employment and migrants’ conditions. Third, the results of the propensity score matching technique suggest that migration has a positive impact on rural households’ income, and these impacts are more pronounced in large cities. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government should invest in quality education in rural areas, and ensure that social security schemes are provided for migrant workers in urban areas.
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Arif, G. M., and M. Irfan. "Return Migration and Occupational Change: The Case of Pakistani Migrants Returned from the Middle East." Pakistan Development Review 36, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i1pp.1-37.
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This paper examines the factors affecting occupational composition of Pakistani workers upon their return from Middle East employment by using the 1986 ILO/ARTEP Survey of Return Migrant Households. In view of the concentration of workers in lowstatus occupations prior to migration, there was a great incentive for them to change these occupations after return. The study shows that the economic resources gained from overseas employment gave migrants the strength to seek independent employment, and there was a clear move out of the production-service occupations into business and agriculture occupations. This movement was strongly related to migrants’ length of stay in the Middle East. Since the occupational structure of the general population remained almost unchanged in the 1970s and 1980s, the employment trends exhibited by return migrants could largely be attributed to overseas migration. However, the study shows that businesses and farms established by migrant workers were small-scale.
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McCollum, David, and Elina Apsite-Berina. "Recruitment through migrant social networks from Latvia to the United Kingdom: Motivations, processes and developments." Migration Letters 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v12i1.256.
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A burgeoning body of literature exists in relation to the role of social networks in connecting migrant workers with employment opportunities, particularly in lower wage jobs. This evidence points to social networks being an attractive recruitment channel from the perspective of both migrants seeking employment and employers seeking employees. This analysis presents a wide breadth of original material, which examines recruitment through social networks from the perspective of both migrants and employers. This includes data drawn from an extensive mixed methods approach involving a novel online survey of Latvian migrants in the UK and face-to-face interviews with British low-wage employers. This study seeks to offer important and timely contributions to debates about the relationship between migrant social networks and low-wage employment and the implications of these recruitment mechanisms.
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Ajaero, Chukwuedozie K., Juliana C. Onuh, Emmanuel O. Amoo, and Yemi Adewoyin. "Contextual Correlates of Risky Sexual Behavior Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Men in Nigeria." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402091953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919532.
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This study compared risky sexual behavior (RSB) between migrant and non-migrant Nigerian men, and investigated the individual and community factors of RSB between the two groups. Data for the study were from the 2012 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey in Nigeria. It comprised 15,346 male respondents aged 15 to 64 years and made up of 7,158 non-migrants and 8,188 migrants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multilevel binary logistic regression. More non-migrants (37.69%) than migrants (28.43%) were engaged in RSB. RSB among migrants showed significant differences in all explanatory variables except for place of residence and religion. Among non-migrants, significant differences existed between RSB and all the explanatory variables except for awareness of family planning and sexually transmitted diseases. The regression null model showed lower odds of RSB for migrants and non-migrants. In the full model, the intercepts increased odds of RSB for migrants (odds ratio [OR] = 8.55) and non-migrants (OR = 9.21). Variables which increased odds of RSB by migrants included employment status, religion, and place of residence. Education, employment status, wealth index, and place of residence were found to increase the odds of engaging in RSB among non-migrants. The study therefore concludes that social contexts matter for engagement in RSB.
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Pohorielova, O. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF MIGRANT WORKERS LABOR." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 108 (2019): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2019/1.108-4.
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Currently, in Ukraine there is increase of process of labour migration of Ukrainian citizens abroad. In connection with what there is necessity of proper regulation of labour activity of migrant workers, implementation of measures to comply with international legal standards in the field of labour, implementation of measures regarding increase of the level of social protection of Ukrainian citizens traveling abroad and in case of their return from abroad. The methodology is based on the general scientific dialectical method of cognition. Also, number of scientific methods were used. Legal regulation of labor migrants from Ukraine abroad was considered due to methods of analysis and synthesis. The directions of improving legal regulation of labor and social protection of migrant workers were identified by using structural and logical methods. Forms and methods of formal logic were widely used in the work: concepts, definitions, proofs, judgments, analogy, comparisons, generalizations, et The aim of the article is to explore the mechanism of legal regulation of labour of migrants workers and identify ways of increase the level of social protection of Ukrainian citizens who are migrants workers. To achieve the goal the author analyzed the most important international legal acts that regulate legal migration. In the article the concept of migrant worker was analyzed and identified what kind of migrants is included to migrant worker. Particular attention is paid to analyses of bilateral agreements concluded by Ukraine with other countries on the employment and social protection of migrants. Content was determined of the employment contract and its role in regulating the legal relations of migrant workers with foreign employers. The basic guarantees of social protection of migrant. In the article the author determined the necessity Ukraine joins to the main international conventions that regulate labor migration issues, the provisions of which should be the basis for the legal regulation of labor migrants' activity and ensuring their rights are respected. The necessity to conclude bilateral interstate agreements on regulating the employment processes of Ukrainian citizens abroad, guarantees that arise in the course of labor activity of migrant workers and social security issues, was determined. First of all, such agreements should be concluded with the countries with the highest number of migrant workers.
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Zhao, Menghan, and Yongai Jin. "Migrant Workers in Beijing: How Hometown Ties Affect Economic Outcomes." Work, Employment and Society 34, no. 5 (November 7, 2019): 789–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017019870754.
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Migrant networks have long been regarded as helpful for facilitating migration and assimilation. However, research examining the influence of migrant networks on labour market outcomes for migrants has provided mixed results. This article investigates the impact of hometown ties on migrants’ labour market outcomes in the context of Chinese internal migration, by utilizing data from migrants in Beijing to perform statistical analyses of income and informal employment (i.e. employment without legal documents). After adjusting for the potential bias that results from the workers’ self-selectivity into the use of hometown ties in finding jobs, the analyses show that the hourly income of migrants is lower if they depend on hometown ties to find jobs. Also, migrants who rely on hometown ties for jobs are more likely to be informally employed, which has a detrimental effect on their overall welfare.
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Ballarino, Gabriele, and Nazareno Panichella. "The occupational integration of migrant women in Western European labour markets." Acta Sociologica 61, no. 2 (August 29, 2017): 126–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699317723441.
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This paper studies the integration of migrant women in six European labour markets, highlighting how their migration penalty is related to the family’s migration dynamics and to the husband’s occupational condition. In order to compare the labour market outcomes of native and migrant women, Linear Probability Models are estimated using EU–LFS data. Results show that migrant women are penalized everywhere. However, in the Mediterranean labour markets their employment penalty is lower, while the penalty concerning job quality, conditional on employment, is relatively severe. Regarding the role of family migration, results show that: tied-movers women were disadvantaged with respect to both natives and other migrants; those migrants whose partners were unemployed or had low-quality jobs were more likely to find a job than those whose husbands had a good occupational condition. Both patterns were stronger in Mediterranean labour markets.
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Lin, Shiyu, Zhengyue Jing, Natasha Howard, Tracey Chantler, Jiejie Cheng, Shiya Zhang, Chengchao Zhou, and Mei Sun. "Associations of Elements of Parental Social Integration with Migrant Children’s Vaccination: An Epidemiological Analysis of National Survey Data in China." Vaccines 9, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080884.
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Our study explored the effects of parental social integration on migrant children’s vaccination status in China. Using data obtained from the 2014 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, a total of 4915 participants were included in this study. Social integration was measured by economic, social, cultural, and internal identity. Univariate chi-square testing was used to calculate associations between all variables and migrant children’s vaccination status. Binary logistic regression was employed to calculate the impacts of social integration on migrant children’s vaccination status. In total, 94.7% of migrant children had complete vaccinations for their age. Migrants who had medical insurance, spoke the native language when communicating with locals, lived mainly with locals, and did not perceive discrimination were more likely to have their children completely vaccinated. Social integration was positively associated with migrant children’s vaccination status. Our study indicated that to improve vaccination coverage of migrant children, more policy support for migrant employment and housing, promotion of health services for migrants, and language support in health institutions is needed.
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Wan, Xiangdong. "Migrant workers and informal employment." Social Sciences in China 29, no. 3 (August 2008): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529200802288583.
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Janta, Hania, Lorraine Brown, Peter Lugosi, and Adele Ladkin. "Migrant relationships and tourism employment." Annals of Tourism Research 38, no. 4 (October 2011): 1322–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.004.
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Qiao, Ju Ling, and Jie Li. "Research Training Model Employment of Migrant Workers." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 2402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.2402.
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In this paper, the employment training of migrant workers in the main line, employment training model as the basic framework of migrant workers. Summarized the status and analyzed the problems of migrant workers training mode, on the basis of current research training of migrant workers on the main mode. Explore the related countermeasures that combined with China's specific national conditions to improve the employment training model of migrant workers and promote employment as the long-term, stable and sustainable of migrant workers.
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Zhang, Hui, Xue Cao, and Yi Yu. "The Effect of Migrant Children on Migrant Mothers' Employment." International Migration 58, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imig.12702.
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Clark, Gabrielle E. "Coercion and Contract at the Margins: Deportable Labor and the Laws of Employment Termination Under US Capitalism (1942–2015)." Law & Social Inquiry 43, no. 03 (2018): 618–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12255.
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In 1917, Congress created the status of temporary labor migrant. A new kind of restricted worker born from nineteenth-century free labor politics, employer and citizen worker demands under modern liberal capitalism, and state labor market regulation, temporary migrants have always had an employer-dependent legal status and been subject to deportation. Yet, since 1942, changing rights and legal processes have governed migrant employment termination across sectors. By drawing on employment cases from archival and unpublished files made available to me under FOIA, and court decisions, I compare the impact of laws of employment termination on deportable laborers beginning in 1942, when government agencies planned migration, and under privatized migration after 1964. From agriculture and war to today's service and knowledge economies, I demonstrate how employment rights have always shaped deportable workers' legal status. Yet, I also show how today's rights and legal processes, in contrast to the past, hardly mitigate employer control over migrants under contemporary capitalism.
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Wang, Xiao Lei. "Thought about the Construction of Digital Employment Information Service System of Rural Migrant Workers in the West Area of Jilin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3040.
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In the west region of Jilin, the crowd mainly is farmer, and the geology is mainly alkali soil. Drought prevails almost every year, and crop yields are lower and economic development lags behind relatively. In the region, a large number of farmers go into towns to work to increase income and improve the quality of life. The employment of migrant workers in west Jilin area faces many difficulties and problems, and it needs to set up relatively perfect employment information service system, which can help migrant workers obtain employment practically. This article expounds the significance of the construction of employment information service system of rural migrant workers in the west area of Jilin, then analyzes in detail the present situation of migrant workers employment service system in the west area of Jilin, and puts forward some suggestions to the service system construction, hoping to help employment of migrant workers in the west area of Jilin.Significance of the construction of employment service system of rural migrant workers in the west area of JilinThe western region of Jilin province mainly includes Baicheng City, Songyuan City and its jurisdiction. The region has poor natural conditions, dusty and dry all the year round, and the land is mainly alkali soil, the rural population is in the majority with, economic development is relatively backward, so it belongs to the typical economic less developed areas. Therefore, exploring the construction problems of employment service system of rural migrant workers in the west area of Jilin has especially important meaning:(1) The reasonable construction of employment information service system can increase the number of migrant workers of in the western region of Jilin, increase farmers' income, and improve the quality of peasants' lives. By building the employment information service system, migrant workers can see the post information in time, the number of recruitment, working place, conditions, treatment and so on, is advantageous for the migrant workers to transversely screen all kinds of work, making migrant workers have a definite object in view.(2) The reasonable construction of employment information service system can improve the employment efficiency of migrant workers in the west area of Jilin. Migrant workers come from rural areas and are not well informed of urban labor demand messages. Through reasonable construction of employment information service system, rural migrant workers can understand city labor demand information in various industries in time, and avoid detours and wrong way in the process of employment, which will make migrant workers employment more efficient and convenient.(3) The reasonable construction of employment information service system will be conducive to the construction of urbanization in the west area of Jilin. Migrant workers, using the employment information service system, can achieve highly efficient and convenient employment, on the one hand, they provide a rich labor force for the city construction in the west area of Jilin, on the other hand, they make great contributions to the improvement of urban residents living, working and living conditions, speeding up the pace of the urbanization construction in the west area of Jilin.Analysis of present situation of migrant workers employment service system in the west area of Jilin
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Riaño, Yvonne. "Highly Skilled Migrant and Non-Migrant Women and Men: How Do Differences in Quality of Employment Arise?" Administrative Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010005.
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Research shows that highly skilled migrant women often have poor quality jobs or no employment. This paper addresses two research gaps. First, it provides a comparative perspective that examines differences and commonalities in the quality of employment of four highly skilled groups: migrant- and non-migrant women and men. Four statistical indicators are examined to grasp these differences: employment rates, income, adequacy of paid work, and employment status. The results highlight the role of gender and country of birth: Swiss-born men experience the best employment quality, and foreign-born women the worst. Second, it offers a family perspective to study how the employment trajectories of skilled migrant women develop in time and place in relation to their partners’. The qualitative life-course analysis indicates that skill advancement is more favourable for migrant and non-migrant men than for migrant and non-migrant women. However, skill advancement for migrant women depends greatly on the strategies enacted by domestic partners about how to divide paid employment and family work, and where to live. The statistical study draws on recent data from Swiss labour market surveys. The life-course analysis focuses on 77 biographical interviews with tertiary-educated individuals. Participatory Minga workshops are used to validate the study results.
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Riaño, Yvonne. "Highly Skilled Migrant and Non-Migrant Women and Men: How Do Differences in Quality of Employment Arise?" Administrative Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010005.
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Research shows that highly skilled migrant women often have poor quality jobs or no employment. This paper addresses two research gaps. First, it provides a comparative perspective that examines differences and commonalities in the quality of employment of four highly skilled groups: migrant- and non-migrant women and men. Four statistical indicators are examined to grasp these differences: employment rates, income, adequacy of paid work, and employment status. The results highlight the role of gender and country of birth: Swiss-born men experience the best employment quality, and foreign-born women the worst. Second, it offers a family perspective to study how the employment trajectories of skilled migrant women develop in time and place in relation to their partners’. The qualitative life-course analysis indicates that skill advancement is more favourable for migrant and non-migrant men than for migrant and non-migrant women. However, skill advancement for migrant women depends greatly on the strategies enacted by domestic partners about how to divide paid employment and family work, and where to live. The statistical study draws on recent data from Swiss labour market surveys. The life-course analysis focuses on 77 biographical interviews with tertiary-educated individuals. Participatory Minga workshops are used to validate the study results.
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SHUTES, ISABEL. "The Employment of Migrant Workers in Long-Term Care: Dynamics of Choice and Control." Journal of Social Policy 41, no. 1 (September 15, 2011): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279411000596.
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AbstractThe employment of migrant workers in long-term care is increasingly evident across western welfare states. This article examines the ways in which immigration controls shape the exercising of choice and control by migrant care workers over their labour. It draws on the findings of in-depth interviews with migrant care workers employed by residential and home care providers and by older people and their families in the UK. It is argued that the differential rights accorded to migrants on the basis of citizenship and immigration status shape, first, entry into particular types of care work, second, powers of ‘exit’ within work, and, third, ‘voice’ regarding the conditions under which care labour is provided.
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Bashyal, Keshav. "Nepali Migrant Workers in Tourism Sector of India: A Case in Kerala and Goa." Patan Pragya 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35034.
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This paper examines how tourism employment and workplace experiences influence migrant workers' adaptation in the host society. Nepali migration to India is age-old phenomena. Most of literatures depicts to Nepali migrants in India are low-skilled, manual labourers. It is argued that tourism employment provides access to multiple social networks, which subsequently supports the improvement of foreign workers’ social and cultural competencies. Such networks also help to compensate for the negative aspects of migrants and migration. Contrary of negative portraying, it resulted that Nepali migrants in tourism sector of India are in better off position. In addition, the paper considers how relationships among international workers inform chain migration and influence subsequent recruitment practices and migration experiences. The findings stem from study of the experiences of Nepali migrant workers employed in the India tourism sector using qualitative data.
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Daly, Alison, Marc B. Schenker, Elena Ronda-Perez, and Alison Reid. "Examining the Impact of Two Dimensions of Precarious Employment, Vulnerability and Insecurity on the Self-Reported Health of Men, Women and Migrants in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 7540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207540.
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Precarious employment is increasing and adversely affects health. We aimed to investigate how perception of precariousness in current employment impacts gender and migrant workers in Australia. Using cross-sectional interviews of 1292 workers born in Australia, New Zealand, India and the Philippines, data were collected on self-reported health, employment conditions and sociodemographics. Factor analysis of nine questions about perceptions of current employment revealed two dimensions, vulnerability and insecurity. Women had higher vulnerability scores (µ = 6.5 vs. µ = 5.5, t = 5.40, p-value (p) < 0.000) but lower insecurity scores (µ = 8.6 vs. µ = 9.3 t = −4.160 p < 0.0003) than men. Filipino-born workers had higher vulnerability compared with other migrant workers (µ = 6.5 vs. µ = 5.8 t = −3.47 p < 0.0003), and workers born in India had higher insecurity compared with other migrant workers (µ = 9.8 vs. µ = 8.9, t = −6.1 p < 0.0001). While the prevalence of insecurity varied by migrant status, the negative effect on health was higher for Australian-born workers than migrants. Increasing levels of vulnerability and insecurity impacted self-reported health negatively (Coefficient (Coef).0.34 p < 0.0001; Coef.0.25 p < 0.0001, respectively). The combination of high vulnerability and high insecurity had the greatest impact on health (Coef. 2.37 p = 0.002), followed by high vulnerability and moderate insecurity (Coef. 2.0 p = 0.007). Our study suggests that understanding both changes in employment conditions over time as well as knowledge of cultural patterns may offer the best chance of understanding the impact of precarious employment experiences.
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Liu, Hong Yin, and Yun Fei Ma. "How Far is the Employment Transformation of “the Second-Generation Migrant Workers”." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1586.
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The objective of this discussion is to increase the employment quality of “the second-generation migrant workers”. By means of descriptive empirical analysis and theoretical analysis method, the paper conducts the research on the problem of employment quality of new generation migrant workers and the constraint factors on employment transformation. The findings show that the accumulation of income gap between urban and rural areas makes “the second-generation migrant workers” new proletarian class. Triple constraints such as human capital, social capital and psychological capital prolong their employment transformation. Dispatching employment gnaws on migrant workers’ labor rights and interests as a wolf in sheep’s clothing. Social discrimination intensifies binary segmentation of urban and rural labor market. It is difficult for migrant workers to achieve professional development.
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Hellgren, Zenia, and Inmaculada Serrano. "Financial Crisis and Migrant Domestic Workers in Spain: Employment Opportunities and Conditions during the Great Recession." International Migration Review 53, no. 4 (October 3, 2018): 1209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318798341.
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This article explores the impact of the Great Recession on migrant domestic workers in Spain. We argue that the domestic service sector’s relative resistance to job destruction has transformed it to some extent into a refuge activity for unemployed women from other sectors, both migrants and native Spanish workers. This leads to intensified competition over jobs and increasing stratification among domestic workers, with serious consequences both for migrant women’s opportunities to make a living in Spain and for their migration projects at an international level. Based on 90 in-depth interviews with female migrant domestic workers and stakeholders, we find that this group of workers has been seriously affected by unemployment, underemployment, and worsened job conditions. As a consequence, new and already settled migrants find the chances to gain their livelihood in Spain substantially reduced, and many of those who migrated in order to support the family back home through remittances, or to save some money and eventually return, are at present unable to do so.
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Fouskas, Theodoros. "Repercussions of precarious employment on migrants’ perceptions of healthcare in Greece." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 11, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-01-2018-0010.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cases of Bangladeshi, Filipina, Nigerian, Palestinian and Pakistani migrant workers and how the frame of their work and employment in precarious, low-status/low-wage jobs affects their perceptions and practices regarding health and access to healthcare services. Design/methodology/approach Using qualitative research methodology, the analysis via in-depth interviews focuses on male Bangladeshi, Nigerian, Pakistani and Palestinian unskilled manual and textile laborers as well as street vendors, and female Filipina live-in domestic workers. Findings Migrants are entrapped in a context of isolative and exploitative working conditions, i.e., in unskilled labor, textile work, street-vending, personal services, care and domestic work, which lead them to adopt a self-perception in which healthcare and social protection are not a priority. Social implications Throughout the paper it has become clear that these precarious low-status/low-wage jobs have an important underside effect on migrants’ lives, intensifying labor and health instability and exposing migrants to employment-generating activities that do not guarantee health safety. In Greek society, the impact of migration on public health is characterized by many as a “time bomb ready to explode,” especially in urban centers. Meanwhile, the economy and particularly the informal sector of the labor market is benefiting from migrant workers. More research is needed as this mode of exploitative labor and precarious employment needs to be adequately addressed to mitigate barriers in the access of labor and healthcare rights. Originality/value Via its contribution to the sociology of migration with particular emphasis on labor healthcare, the paper provides evidence that due to their concentration in precarious, low-status/low-wage jobs migrant workers have very limited access to healthcare services. The removal of inequalities and discrimination against migrant workers in accessing healthcare services and medical care is a challenge for South European Union countries and particularly for Greece. However, in spite of this, there is no uniform policy in the management of migrants with respect to their access to health services. The paper will aid debates between policy makers and academics working on migration and inequalities due to the division of labor and health disparities, will contribute to the understanding of the perils attached to precarious, low-status/low-wage jobs and in addressing health inequalities effectively.
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Fulton, Amy E., Annie Pullen-Sansfaçon, Marion Brown, Stephanie Éthier, and John R. Graham. "Migrant Social Workers, Foreign Credential Recognition and Securing Employment in Canada." Canadian Social Work Review 33, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037090ar.
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Canada is a culturally diverse receiving country for transnational migration, and social workers are among the professional migrants who arrive in Canada each year. This article draws on findings from a four-year, grounded theory study on the professional adaptation processes and experiences of migrant social workers (n = 66) in the Canadian context. Study findings highlight a range of internal (personal) attributes and external (contextual) elements that interact to serve as either protective or vulnerabilizing factors during the pre-employment phase of professional adaptation. The focus of this article is to describe the interactions of protective and vulnerabilizing factors associated with the experience of obtaining recognition of foreign credentials and securing employment as a social worker in Canada. The findings demonstrate that migrant social workers in Canada face significant barriers in these two pre-employment phases of professional adaptation. A range of research and policy implications is identified. In particular, we highlight the disconnect that exists between Canada’s migration-friendly policies, and the lack of organizational and governmental supports and services to facilitate successful labour market integration of migrant social workers.
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Solov’yeva, N. N. "EFFECTIVE EMPLOYMENT POLICY FOR MIGRANT LABOR." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 31(3) (September 1, 2015): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/31/6.
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Cangiano, Alessio. "Migration Policies and Migrant Employment Outcomes." Comparative Migration Studies 2, no. 4 (December 2014): 417–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/cms2014.4.cang.
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Ryazantsev, S. V., I. N. Molodikova, and A. D. Bragin. "The effect of Covid-19 on labour migration in the CIS." Baltic Region 12, no. 4 (2020): 10–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-4-2.
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This study responds to the need for measures to mitigate the effects of national actions to slow the spread of Covid-19. National responses are dynamic processes and thus an elusive, albeit important, object of study. The governments of most CIS countries acted promptly and decisively in countering the pandemic. The comprehensive measures have had a serious impact on citizens’ mobility and employment situation. Among the affected are millions of migrants working in the CIS. This article offers a comparative analysis, followed by synthesis, of the negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic as seen through the prism of employment and the situation of migrant workers in the CIS. Another focus is the restriction and support measures and how they have affected migrants. A range of qualitative and quantitative data was collated on the situation of migrant workers during Covid-19 restriction in the Russian Federation and across the CIS. The findings suggest that the lack of international coordination in tackling Covid-19 has complicated the situation of migrant workers, who suffer from the closure of borders and the absence of adequate social support. The article explores problems faced by migrant workers in the current crisis and proposes measures to alleviate them.
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Ashraf, Zeba. "COVID- 19 AND THE CHALLENGES FACED BY THE MIGRANT WORKERS IN INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11813.
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COVID-19 Pandemic has affected the global economy. The government of India is only concerned with saving the lives of people while no emphasis is being laid on the distorted situation of corers of Migrant workers who are stranded in different states of their work due to the loss of their employment since the lock- down was declared in haste, leading toshut- down of almost all the productive sectors which gave these migrant workers employment. Hence, turning out to be one of the darkest periods in the history of mankind. With Zero productive activity it proved difficult for the employers of the migrant workers to provide them livelihood in one hand and on the other hand the inability to earn the minimum wage for survival and shut - down of all the public transport the migrants were left with nothing to do and no-where to go lading to mouth widening Chaos in the entire nation. In this paper a descriptive study is done on what challenges the migrant workers of India are facing due to the pandemic in nation and how can we counteract these challenges. The study on migrants is based on secondary data taken from census of India, 2011.
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Ryazantsev, S. V., I. N. Molodikova, and A. D. Bragin. "The effect of Covid-19 on labour migration in the CIS." Baltic Region 12, no. 4 (2020): 10–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-4-2.
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This study responds to the need for measures to mitigate the effects of national actions to slow the spread of Covid-19. National responses are dynamic processes and thus an elusive, albeit important, object of study. The governments of most CIS countries acted promptly and decisively in countering the pandemic. The comprehensive measures have had a serious impact on citizens’ mobility and employment situation. Among the affected are millions of migrants working in the CIS. This article offers a comparative analysis, followed by synthesis, of the negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic as seen through the prism of employment and the situation of migrant workers in the CIS. Another focus is the restriction and support measures and how they have affected migrants. A range of qualitative and quantitative data was collated on the situation of migrant workers during Covid-19 restriction in the Russian Federation and across the CIS. The findings suggest that the lack of international coordination in tackling Covid-19 has complicated the situation of migrant workers, who suffer from the closure of borders and the absence of adequate social support. The article explores problems faced by migrant workers in the current crisis and proposes measures to alleviate them.
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Baig, Raees Begum, and Ching-Wen Chang. "Formal and Informal Social Support Systems for Migrant Domestic Workers." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 6 (March 14, 2020): 784–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220910251.
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Informal social support from family and friends has often been highlighted as the key form of support for migrants under different forms of transnational movement, particularly for female migrants. Drawing on the findings from qualitative and quantitative studies on Filipino and Indonesian migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong, this article applies the intersectionality framework to explore how migrant domestic workers approach different forms of support systems based on their multiple identities of gender, ethnicity, and religion. A clear distinction on help-seeking behavior is drawn between approaching formal and informal support systems with migrant domestic workers directly approaching formal support when the problem is employment related but turning to informal support when having emotional needs. Such distinction is found to be related to migrant domestic workers’ perceptions toward gender role and religious practices under transnational movements.
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Park, Young-bum. "Temporary Low-skilled Migrant Worker Program in Korea: Employment Permit Scheme." Arbor 192, no. 777 (February 28, 2016): a290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2016.777n1006.
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Netto, Gina, and Gary Craig. "Migration and Differential Labour Market Participation: Theoretical Directions, Recurring Themes, Implications of Brexit and Areas for Future Research." Social Policy and Society 16, no. 4 (June 13, 2017): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746417000203.
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Extensive research in a number of disciplines, including economics, social policy, sociology, geography and management have been undertaken relating to migrant participation in the labour market. Given the highly topical nature of migrant employment in Western Europe and the US, the aim of this brief review is to draw together some of the more recent attempts to theorise on the presence of migrants in the labour market, discuss some of the recurrent themes that have emerged from empirical research in this area, consider some of the main implications for policy-making in what now seems likely to be known as the post-Brexit era and outline areas for future research. In doing so, the intention is to contribute to further inter-disciplinary theory-building and to a more nuanced understanding of the complexity of this highly politicised area and the implications of migrant employment for policy and future research.
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Granskaya, Yu V., and E. V. Lizhenkova. "Сoping with stress in migrant workers." Psychology and Law 5, no. 4 (2015): 106–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2015050410.
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Migration is an objective process in Russia as worldwide. It has always existed and played an important role in human history. The problem of migrant workers is acute in Russia, because it borders on 18 countries. The collapse of the USSR severely damaged the economy of many former socialist republics. Consequently, people who cannot find employment in their country are forced to migrate to Russia to earn money. Most migrant workers face social, economic and psychological problems. Often, lack of social skills adds more problems to their everyday life difficulties. These things cause stress reactions and slow down their adaptation process. On the other hand, one of the most difficult things for migrants is negative attitudes they encounter as newcomers. People around often associate migrants with illegal work, crime and terrorism. On a regular basis, media report about crimes committed by migrants.
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Hack-Polay, Dieu, and John Mendy. "And Labor Came to Us: Making Use of an Opportune Workforce—Enhancing Migrant Integration into British Economy." Labor Studies Journal 43, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x17744350.
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This article considers the opportunities presented by the availability of migrant labor in the U.K. employment market and its utilization. The research found that despite their qualifications, migrant labor is underutilized, thereby resulting in a readily available workforce being shunned and excluded from participative integration. This raises economic and ethical questions whose exploration revealed structural barriers (individually, communally, and institutionally) that impeded migrants’ fulfillment of citizenship obligations to host communities and U.K. businesses. The article’s key contribution is to highlight a skills mismatch and the persistent absence of institutional, communal, and strategic frameworks to support migrants’ integration.
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Zheng, Yanqiao, Xiaoqi Zhang, Qiwen Dai, and Xing Zhang. "To Float or Not to Float? Internal Migration of Skilled Laborers in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 9075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239075.
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This paper uses data from job-recruiting platforms to study the distribution patterns and migration destination choices of a skilled internal migrant population. We find that, in most first-tier cities and most emerging second-tier cities, more than half of the skilled jobseekers do not hold local household registration. The most important finding of this paper is the heterogeneity of attributes prioritizations between intra- and inter- provincial migrants. Intra-provincial skilled migrants put more value on employment opportunities than on amenity attributes, while their inter-provincial counterparts prioritize amenity over employment aspects.
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De Jong, Gordon F., Aphichat Chamratrithirong, and Quynh-Giang Tran. "For Better, for Worse: Life Satisfaction Consequences of Migration." International Migration Review 36, no. 3 (September 2002): 838–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00106.x.
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This study explores the extension of microeconomic and migrant network theoretical frameworks for explaining perceived post-migration life satisfaction of repeat (temporary) and more permanent labor force internal migrants in Thailand. Data from the 1992 National Migration Survey were used in logistic regression models to predict increased versus decreased post-move satisfaction with employment situation, living environment, and community facilities. Contrary to the neoclassical migration theory assumption, results showed that migration was associated with decreased post-move satisfaction. Microeconomic theory indicators were related to increased employment satisfaction but decreased post-move satisfaction with living environment. For network theory indicators, the results showed the opposite pattern - related to improved living environment satisfaction but decreased employment post-move satisfaction. Repeat (temporary) migrants were disadvantaged in post-move employment satisfaction compared to more permanent single move labor force migrants.
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Mirembe, Sandra, Abel Nzabona, and John A. Mushomi. "Internal youth migration in Uganda: Analyzing associates and employment outcomes." International Journal of Population Studies 5, no. 1 (September 6, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v5i1.969.
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Youth internal migration is seen as a solution to youth unemployment, and this has resulted in over urbanization and its associated negative effects such as congestion, pollution, unemployment, underemployment, and increased crime rates. The study aimed at examining the employment status of youth migrants, assessing the relationship between demographic factors and youth internal migration, investigating the association between socio-economic factors and youth internal migration, and evaluating the association between reasons for migration and migrant employment status. The study used secondary data collected in the youth employment and migration in Eastern and Southern Africa project. In Uganda, the project was carried out in nine districts. The study focused on both men and women aged 18-35 years and a total number of 1524 respondents were interviewed. Results of the study revealed that age, residence, and region had a significant association with migration status (p≤0.05). Age, sex, number of children, region, and reasons for migration had a significant association with self-employment status of the migrant (p<0.05). Marital status, sex, and reasons for migration had an association with the possibility of a migrant youth being employed (p≤0.05). The study recommends that local governments should provide the required infrastructures, social services, and amenities to encourage youths to carry out economic activities so as to develop their places of origin.
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Xypolitas, Nikos. "The Entrapment of Migrant Workers in Servile Labour: The Case of Live-in Domestic Workers from Ukraine in Greece." Social Cohesion and Development 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/scad.10853.
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<p>The article presents an effort to analyze the entrapment of migrant domestic workers in their low-status jobs. This will be done by looking at the consequences of live-in domestic work on migrant women from Ukraine working as servants in Athens. The study utilizes a Marxo-Weberian framework that focuses on both working conditions and perceptions of migrant workers. It is argued that the emotional demands of domestic work result in migrants perceiving their tasks as an extension of familial relationships and obligations. These employment relationships are defined as ‘pseudo-familial’ and form the basis of deference in domestic work. Combined with the structural barriers in the labour market, deference represents the subjective element of the entrapment of migrants in their job.</p>
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Feng, Xiaojun. "Trapped in Precariousness: Migrant Agency Workers in China's State-owned Enterprises." China Quarterly 238 (January 28, 2019): 396–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018001807.
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AbstractThis article develops an integrated perspective to study whether formalization can significantly reduce precariousness for informal workers. This perspective combines the analysis of employment dualism with that of rural–urban dualism and the analysis of the production sphere with that of the social reproduction sphere. By applying this integrated framework to the case of a state-owned enterprise (SOE) in China, this article finds that formalization does little to reduce precariousness for the migrant agency workers there. Migrant agency workers in China are in a precarious position not only because of their employment status but also because of their incomplete citizenship and the commodification of social reproduction materials. With the compensation gap between formal and agency workers narrowed primarily owing to the deterioration of formal employment, formalization has little effect on increasing the income of agency workers or alleviating the financial pressure upon them in the sphere of social reproduction; neither can formalization raise migrants up to full citizenship or reduce related precariousness.
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Paunovic, Nikola. "Victimization of women as a consequence of feminization of migration." Temida 20, no. 2 (2017): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1702187p.
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Bearing in mind the increased exposure of migrant women to victimization, this article analyses the etiology of feminization of migration and phenomenology of victimization of migrant women, particularly focusing on the abuse of female domestic workers and trafficking in women for sexual and labor exploitation. The main objective of this article is to offer suggestions for improving the position of female migrants by analyzing the causes and forms of their victimization. The main causes of feminization of migration include: 1) poverty, unemployment and poor economic conditions, 2) different forms of gender based violence, including domestic violence and sexual violence, and 3) gender inequality in access to education and information. In the context of phenomenology of feminization of migration the article considers as a main problem - unequal position of female migrants at the labor market, which is related to various forms of their discrimination. In order to eliminate discrimination of female migrants, it is concluded that it is crucial to improve employment conditions in countries of destination in terms of providing migrant women with the access to professional training, retraining and legal protection in case of unjustified termination of employment. On the other hand, because of the fact that female migrants are exposed to trafficking in women for sexual and labor exploitation in countries of destination, the states should provide the possibility of granting them a temporary residence permit during criminal proceedings against traffickers, in order to avoid secondary victimization of female victims of trafficking. In this regard, the main task of the international community must be a continuous and persistent struggle against all forms of discrimination against migrant women.
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Romero, Mary. "Reflections on Globalized Care Chains and Migrant Women Workers." Critical Sociology 44, no. 7-8 (March 2, 2018): 1179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920517748497.
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An analysis of the international division of reproductive labor is incomplete without acknowledging the proliferation of state regulations in migrant-receiving countries, which result in restricting workers’ ability to maintain their own families and to exercise their full range of labor rights. An overview of trends in nations fueling the need for domestic workers and caregivers includes the social conditions for migrants increasingly fill this niche. The transnational circuits of care migration are constructed by the commercial and legal processes used to recruit and transport domestic workers. These are highlighted by analyzing the policies in the USA and United Arab Emirates to demonstrate the restrictions countries place on migrants seeking employment and the limited labor protections offered migrant domestic workers. Two otherwise different countries have adopted similar entry requirements tying migrant domestic workers to employer sponsored jobs in their homes. However, the USA offers fewer visa options to domestic workers and recruitment systems differ. Vulnerabilities faced by migrant domestics receiving visas are linked to these immigration policies.