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Cholewinski, Ryszard. "Migrant workers in international human rights law : their protection in countries of employment /." Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/279985177.pdf.
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Banu, S. "Migrant absorption in formal sector employment : The case of the Dhaka region jute industry." Thesis, Keele University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373817.
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Baber, Rupert Alfred Alexander. "The structure of livelihoods in South Africa's Bantustans : evidence from two settlements in Northern Province." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243542.
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Urzi, Domenica. "Migrant workers, temporary labour and employment in Southern Europe : a case study on migrants working in the agricultural informal economy of Sicily." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28737/.
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This thesis explores the migratory experience mainly of Tunisian and Romanian workers in the agricultural informal economy of Sicily (Italy), based on observation and 30 semi-structured interviews. Starting from the reasons behind the decision to migrate and the expectations towards their migratory experience, this thesis argues that family’s needs are central motivational factors for the majority of the people who were part of my study and that the migratory experience tends to transform conventional gendering and parenting roles. The thesis also investigates the strategies used by Tunisian and Romanian migrants to enter the Italian territory and to be recruited in the agricultural sector. My data suggested that social capital (or the lack of it) and social networks are essential resources to enter the Italian territory and its labour market and to remain active within it. Furthermore, the thesis claims that the interaction between the widespread informal employment in Southern Europe and discriminating forms of citizenship creates a paradoxical situation where newly European Romanian workers have more opportunity to negotiate with employers within the informal economy, whereas non-European people must seek contractual work within the formal labour market to justify their immigration status, making them more vulnerable to exploitation by deceitful employers. For this reason an imaginary continuum line has been developed in the last two chapters of the thesis to highlight how discriminatory citizenship status interacts with the informal labour economy of the agricultural sector of Sicily, exacerbating unequal power relations and labour exploitation. By stretching the concept of the ‘camp’ developed by Agamben (1998), the informal economy will be considered as a dimension where people’s rights are severely undermined. The thesis nonetheless asserts that recognition of human dignity and human rights offer a form of utopian critique that might be considered positive as it stands outside the limitations of national forms of citizenship and points to more inclusive ideas of global citizenship.
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Winkelmann-Gleed, Andrea. "Internationally qualified migrant nurses in British health care employment : their motivation, integration and contribution to capacity." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405713.
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Cheung, Leslie. "Living on the edge: addressing employment gaps for temporary migrant workers under the live-in caregiver program /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2723.
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Xiang, Xiaoping, and 向小平. "The changing life experience of migration, intimacy and power among married female migrant workers in China: therise of dagongsao." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47147155.
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Al, Ameri Hamad Mohammed Mejren. "Migrant workers in the UAE's private sector : a critical analysis of employment dispute management and resolution from their perspective." Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/5576/.
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The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the wider Gulf region is an epicentre for global business. A hallmark of this prosperous oil-producing region is the reliance it has on migrant workers sourced from South Asia. Unfortunately these largely unskilled migrant workers have been subjected to poor employment practise and due to their vulnerability they experience an unprecedented amount of employment disputes. A combination of the UAE’s immigration and labour law manages not only the entry and stay of these migrant workers but also the avenues available for resolving their employment disputes. Furthermore, it is these policies and their enactment that have become the focus of international criticism for failing to provide the necessary protection to migrant workers from unscrupulous employers. This study has examined these domestic policies in light of both international and Islamic law and has advocated a case for reform. Moreover, the fieldwork conducted includes a detailed quantitative investigation based on the opinions of migrant workers into the challenges presented by the nature of the UAE’s employment dispute management systems. The results have shown that the employment dispute resolution system has yielded some negative outcomes showing that the service provided by the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation is in need to continual review and assessment. Although the UAE has been taking positive steps to remedy the issues migrant workers have been experiencing, it is anticipated that this research can be a positive driver for empowering that process.
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Park, Kwangwoo. "Migration and integration in borderless village : social capital among Indonesian migrant workers in South Korea." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/50485/.
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Existing research (Guarnizo et al. 2003; Portes, 2001; Cohen and Sirkeci, 2005) has endeavoured to clarify the relationship between migrants' transnational activities and their integration into the host society. Although there are both positive and negative perspectives on this relationship, it remains unclear whether migrants' transnational activities are likely to help or hinder their integration into the host society (Vertovec, 2009). This thesis uses the lens of social capital and diaspora identity to shed light on the relationship between Indonesian migrants' transnational activities and their integration in a multi-ethnic town in South Korea. The influx of migrants from various countries has led to the creation of what is called ‘Borderless Village', where people have opportunities to build intercultural connections beyond their national group. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with a group of Indonesian migrants, which themselves show social disjunctions in terms of region of origin, language, religious belief and cultural practices, this thesis examines the integration patterns of Indonesian immigrant groups in this town. In terms of whether transnational activities help or hinder integration in South Korea, I argue that both realities co-exist, and that the status of Wongok-Dong as a migrant enclave and the internally divided nature of the Indonesian migrant group itself are key factors in this regard. Indonesian migrants achieve integration among themselves by performing economic and socio-cultural transnational activities, thereby transcending divisions within the group. Although there are differences in terms of their capacity to conduct transnational activities that are shaped by each Indonesian immigrants' different types of social capital, they are able perform transnational activities through creating and utilising ‘hidden social capital'. This is generated when Indonesian migrants strategically reveal one of their identities, such as Indonesian, Muslim or other positions, rather than emphasising their regional origin in Indonesia to achieve their objectives such as pursuing economic profits, saving face and maintaining livelihood. Through mobilising these additional identities, most Indonesians can access resources that enable them to perform transnational activities – making international phone calls, occupying cultural spaces, participating in national celebrations – beyond their regional affiliations. In this regard, Indonesian migrants integrate into Wongok-Dong by performing transnational activities due to the features of the town as a migrant enclave. However, they are isolated from mainstream Korean society, as they only achieve integration into the multiethnic space of Wongok-Dong. Thus, this research adds crucial dimensions to theories of the relationship between migrants' transnational activities and integration into their host society through redefining both the features of the diaspora group and the role of social capital.
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Amshere, Karema. "Le migrant clandestin : entre répression et protection." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROD026.
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Suite à la croissance du phénomène migratoire clandestin, la prise de conscience publique et officielle de ce phénomène et du trafic des migrants est évidente. En conséquence, la signature du Protocole de l‘ONU contre le trafic de migrants et l‘adoption d‘une directive et d‘une décision-cadre au niveau européen sont conçues pour faire face à ceux qui profitent de ce phénomène, à savoir les trafiquants. Le droit français quant à lui, a accru la répression contre les tierces personnes impliquées, de près ou de loin, dans les activités clandestines de l‘immigration. Malgré l‘objectif affiché par ledit Protocole de « lutte contre le trafic illicite de migrants », les mesures adoptées et la large liberté laissée aux États membres, indiquent clairement le vrai but de cet instrument international, à savoir la lutte contre l‘immigration clandestine elle-même, but qui est le même pour l‘UE. Mais quel est le statut accordé par le protocole et par les dispositions européennes ainsi que françaises aux migrants qui font appel aux services des passeurs ? À travers cette étude nous pouvons entrevoir que la formulation des dispositions du Protocole et celle des dispositions européennes visent à n‘assurer aucun statut juridique aux migrants clandestins. Il n‘y a pas de statut juridique, ni victime, ni coupable, le migrant est en détresse. En revanche, en droit français, le migrant clandestin n‘est presque jamais regardé comme un homme, mais plutôt comme un délinquant. Le législateur français a choisi la loi pénale face à ces migrants. Cependant, les sanctions et la sévérité ne pourront rien contre un homme torturé, affamé, méprisé dans son pays. La loi pénale, à elle seule, ne permettra sans doute pas d‘apporter une solution. La préservation de l‘équilibre nécessairement fragile entre le respect de la liberté individuelle et le maintien de l‘ordre public est rarement prise en considération. En revanche les considérations économiques ont justifié une plus grande rigueur à l‘encontre des clandestins, au niveau de leur entrée, de leur séjour<br>As a result of the ever increasing illegal migration phenomenon, Public opinion and officials are now clearly aware of it and of the trafficking involved. Therefore, the signing of the UN Protocole against the smuggling of migrants and the adoption of a directive together with a decision framework at European level are tailor made to fight against the traffickers taking advantage of this phenomenon. French law, as it is concerned, has increased repression against whoever might be involved in this clandestine smuggling and trafficking. Despite the objective stated in the, so called, Protocol of ―fighting against the smuggling of migrants‖ The measures adopted and the large freedom given to the members states, clearly indicate that the true purpose of this international instrument is indeed the same as the E.U‘s that is to say : fighting against illegal immigration. But what is the status granted by the protocol and the European as well as French provisions to the migrants who use the services of smugglers? All through this study we can see that the formulations of the provisions of the protocol and that of the European provisions are intended to ensure that no legal status is granted to clandestine migrants. As far as they are concerned they have no legal status so there is no victim and no offender: a clandestine migrant is just in distress. However in the French law a clandestine migrant is seen as an offender but not as a man in distress. The French parliament has chosen to enforce criminal law against these migrants but, will this stop migrants who are tortured, despised and starving in their country of origin? Choosing to see them only as offenders won‘t probably bring any solution to the problem. The necessary preservation of the delicate balance between respect for individual freedom and the maintenance of public order is rarely taken into consideration. However economic considerations justify rigour againt illegal immigrants concerning who is allowed to enter the country and how long they will be allowed to stay
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Ojong, Vivian Besem A. "The study of independent African migrant women in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) : their lives and work experiences." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/934.
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A research project submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2002.<br>African migration to South Africa is not a recent phenomenon bu in recent history, dates back to about one hundred and fifty years when African men migrated from some southern African countries to work in the South African mines. During this period however, the apartheid regime restricted African entry into the labour market of South Africa to contract mine workers, who were obviously men. Due to the abolition of apartheid. African migration to South Africa now has a gender profile. SkPIed, professional and businesswomen of African origin are now migrating independently to South Africa.
This new face oftAfrican migration is transforming South African society and culture. African women from other countries have migrated to South Africa with parts of their cultures (their dresses and their food). In South Africa, these women have acquired both positive and negative identities. The negative identities expose them to discrimination in South Africa. On the other hand, the positively acquired identities nave given the women economic independence in their families and an occupational identity in their professions. In their attempt to adjust to life in South Africa, African migrant women encounter difficulties as a result of the restrictionist immigration policy of South Africa. These women are not happy with such a policy which is based solely on economic considerations. African women claim that they struggled alongside South Africans to bring apartheid to an end and were promised by the ANC-in-exilc that they were going to be welcome in an apartheid- free South Africa. These women claim that Iliey are here to make a contribution, which is clearly portrayed by their occupational experiences.
This study portrays the fact that African migrant women arc impacting on South African society and are being impacted by it as well. As tempting as it is. it would be a mistake by the South African government to dismiss the current contribution made by these women both in the formal and informal sector of the South African economy. Coining from other African countries which have been plagued with political turmoil, degrading poverty and worsening of peoples living conditions (especially with the consequences of the implementation of the structural adjustment programs), migrant women have learnt to use their initiative, especially in the area of small businesses. This has enabled the women to transform their financial situations in their families. Diverse strategies have been utilised in this transformation; the inherent but powerful social networks which aided in relocating to new or particular areas in South Africa, financial and social support from their "fictive kin" system.
As a "modus operandi" for Ghanaian migrant women hairdressers, country men/wo men are employed from Ghana and brought to South Africa to work in their hair salons. Since South Africans believe that Ghanaians are the best hairdressers, the migrant women have decided to employ as many Ghanaians in their salons as possible, to keep their businesses busy even in their absence. Some of the migrant women have opened food shops where indigenous West African foods are sold to the migrant population. These shops are placed in strategic places, like in central Durban which is accessible to all living in KwaZufu-Natal.
In the formal sector, most of (lie migrant women were among tlic first black women lo occupy certain positions, which were previously occupied by white South Africans. Positions such as supervisors in catering departments in Iiospitals. lecturers and head of departments at some universities are examples of the empowering contribution of migrant women to South African society.
These women's lives have also been impacted by South African society, especially in the apartheid era. Considering the precarious conditions under which mizrant women from Zambia lived in KwaZulu-Natal in the apartheid era (they were considered as spies because Zambia hosted some of the A.N.C-in-exile and I.F.P dominated this area), it was in their best interest to watch every step they took because they could have been killed. However, they live to tell of how they narrowly escaped death.
Migration to South Africa by migrant nurses which once was considered as an opportunity to "have their own share of the gold" has turned to disillusionment. They have been caught in the web of the immigration policy of South Africa. The conditions for a migrant to stay in South Africa depend on how scarce his/her skill is. Nursing which was considered a scarce skill in the 1990s is no longer scarce. This has led lo a second migration to England by the nurses. Despite the recent increase in this second migration, some have decided to use the opportunities of working and studying in South Africa to obtain university degrees, which they believe will improve their financial situations. According to the remarks made by some of the migrant women, th;y are happy lo be where they are, for, comparatively. South Africa still has the best to ofler migrant women in the African continent.
However, the migration literature shows that researchers in the field of migration have been gender-blind. Independent skilled, career and businesswomen of African origin have been side-lined in scholarly research on migration in post apartheid South Africa. In collecting data used for this study, the snowball method of sampling was used because other me! hods were not appropriate. The population of study was made of a core sample often women, although interviews were conducted informally with a cross-section with other migrant women. The study of independent African migrant women is an example of an ethnographic account at its best.
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Cruz-Lopez, Irma F. "The Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program: Looking at Mexican Participation Through a Magnifying Glass." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23782.
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Mexican migrant workers have been coming to Canada since 1974 to work in agriculture as participants of the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). Presently, Mexicans constitute the majority of SAWP workers. As well, Ontario is the main receiver of these workers followed by British Columbia and Quebec. Accordingly, the scope of this thesis mainly encompasses Mexican workers in Ontario. However, the thesis also includes Mexican SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia. This thesis reveals two main issues: (1) that all SAWP workers, particularly Mexican workers, lack key legal rights and protections relating to labour relations, employment, health and safety standards at the structural level of the SAWP; and at the federal, provincial, and international levels. (2) Even when they have rights under legislation relating to the above-mentioned subject matters, Mexicans, especially, lack the capacity to access them. Thus, they become ‘unfree labourers’ who are placed in a perpetual state of disadvantage, vulnerable to abuse and exploitation once in Canada. To describe the issues above, the thesis is divided into five chapters addressing the following: Chapter 1 presents the historical context behind the SAWP as well as the Mexican workers’ circumstances that attract them to participate in the Program. Chapter 2 examines the applicable constitutional and federal framework for SAWP workers. In addition, it highlights key federal exclusions placed on them, which originate in the federal immigration and employment insurance legislation. Chapter 3 concludes that Ontario does not protect its agricultural workers from unfair treatment and exploitation in the workplace; rather, it perpetuates such practices. This reality is intensified for SAWP Mexican workers. Particularly, chapter 3 analyses a constitutional challenge to the Ontario legislation excluding agricultural worker from its labour relations regime; said challenge is based on ss. 2(d) and 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Chapter 4 maintains that similarly to workers in Ontario, SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia also face extreme disadvantages due in great part to the lack of or limited legal protections. Finally, chapter 5 asserts that due to its implementation in the Canadian framework, international law is inadequate to protect domestic and SAWP workers’ rights. While each chapter identifies tangible drawbacks or anomalies, which affect SAWP workers negatively, the thesis also provides recommendations to alleviate said weaknesses.
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Sharma, Nandita Rani. "The social organization of difference and capitalist restructuring in Canada, the making of migrant workers through the 1973 Non-Immigrant Employment Authorization Program (NIEAP)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ53866.pdf.
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Ottou, Estelle. "German labour market outcomes of cohorts of immigrants over time : A forecast of the employment of recent cohorts based on earlier newcomers." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88914.
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It has been noticed that throughout the years, immigrant’s skills, knowledge, and experience have declined. In fact, researchers have noticed the presence of cohort effects, where there are differences in quality and skills across the immigrants. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and through an out-of-sample forecast of the employment of recent cohorts based on how earlier newcomers performed, I can confirm that, over time, immigrants see their probability of being employed decrease. For instance, employment decreased from 99% for immigrants that arrived in Germany in 2010 to 92% for those that came in 2015. The linear probability model also highlights that not only human capital influences directly employment levels of immigrants. Undeniably, the region of origin and the immigrants’ duration of residence in Germany also impact the likelihood of finding a paid job. Therefore, cohort effects cannot only be justified by the fact that newly arrived immigrants are very different from those who arrived some years ago.
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Nampala, Lovisa Tegelela. "The Impact of Migrant Labour Infrastructure on Contract Workers in and from Colonial Ovamboland, Namibia, 1915 to 1954." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8163.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>This thesis explores the ways in which migrant labour infrastructure and the related operating
practices of the South African colonial administration impacted on workers in and from the
colonial north-central part of Namibia, formerly known as Ovamboland. This study stretches
from the Union of South Africa’s occupation of the region in 1915 up to 1954 when the last
Native Commissioner for Ovamboland completed his term of office and a new administrative
phase began. Infrastructure refers to the essential facilities that an institution or communities
install to use in order to connect or communicate.4 Vigne defines infrastructure as the mode
of connections between techniques, practices, social values, cultures, economies and politics.5
This dissertation deals with two types of infrastructures.
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Navarro, Cejas Mercedes. "El principio de igualdad y no discriminación de las trabajadoras migrantes: un factor clave en el estudio de género en la sociedad global." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667584.
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The present doctoral thesis work analyzes the issue of migrant women in relation to gender equality and non-discrimination in employment. In particular, the group of domestic migrant women whose condition is most vulnerable is addressed. More specifically, an analysis is made of the problems perceived by this group, such as the segmentation of work, the struggle for decent work and the complications that arise around the underground economy, which comes precisely from irregular work. That is why, in order to analyze these issues in particular, an approach to the principle of equality, non-discrimination in Chapter I, of gender equality in Chapter II, of gender equality in employment in Chapter III and finally the group of migrant women is addressed in Chapter IV. In particular, this work is a documentary and in-depth legal investigation. In addition, the special protections that these women have today in the international and community sphere are contemplated and, specifically, the regulations and doctrine that derive from two specific States: Spain and Ecuador<br>El presente trabajo de tesis doctoral analiza el tema de las mujeres migrantes en relación a la igualdad de género y no discriminación en el empleo. De forma particular, se aborda el colectivo de las mujeres migrantes domésticas cuya condición es más vulnerable. Más concretamente se realiza un análisis sobre los problemas que percibe este colectivo como lo son la segmentación del trabajo, la lucha por el trabajo decente y las complicaciones que se generan en torno a la economía sumergida, que proviene precisamente, del trabajo irregular. Es por ello que, con la finalidad de analizar en concreto estas cuestiones se plantea inicialmente un abordaje del principio de igualdad, no discriminación en el capítulo I, de la igualdad de género en el capítulo II, de la igualdad de género en el empleo en el capítulo III y finalmente se aborda el colectivo de las mujeres migrantes en el capítulo IV. En concreto, este trabajo es una investigación documental y jurídica en profundidad. Además se contemplan las protecciones especiales con las que cuentan estas mujeres hoy en día en el ámbito internacional y comunitario y en específico se tratan las regulaciones y doctrina que derivan de dos Estados concretos: España y Ecuador
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Vieira, Cheila Teixeira. "A precariedade laboral entre trabalhadores imigrantes da construção civil da região de Lisboa." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2763.
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Mestrado em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações<br>O objecto de estudo do presente trabalho é a precariedade laboral entre os trabalhadores da construção civil da Região de Lisboa e o objectivo geral é analisar em que medida as empresas de construção civil sedeadas em Lisboa constituem-se ou não como fontes de criação de emprego precário em Portugal, tomando como foco de análise os trabalhadores imigrantes oriundos de países do Leste Europeu, Brasil, Ásia e África. Com vista ao cumprimento deste objectivo, este estudo adoptou uma metodologia assente em inquérito por questionário e entrevista semi-directivas junto dos proprietários e elementos da direcção das empresas de construção civil e sindicato da Indústria de Construção Civil.<br>The object of the present study is the instability of employment among construction workers in the Lisbon region and its overall objective is to analyze the extent to which construction companies that are based in Lisbon can or cannot be a sources for the creation of precarious jobs in Portugal, focusing on the analysis of immigrant workers from countries of Eastern Europe, Brazil, Asia and Africa. To meet this objective, this study adopted a methodology based on questionnaire survey and semi-direct interviews from the owners and members of the management of construction companies and the Union of the Construction Industry.
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Han, Jihee. "Social Partners’ Responses to Employment of Migrant Workers in the course of the ‘Lisbon Strategy’ and the ‘Europe 2020’ : Has there been any change in the social partners’ responses from the Lisbon to the EU2020? The case studies in Sweden, the UK and at European level." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196129.
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The research is aimed at investigating how the common EU social and economic strategies, namely the 'Lisbon strategy' and the 'EU 2020', have been influential as a 'EU incentive' in European social partners having drawn the matter of employment of migrant workers both at Member state level and at European level by looking into their respective changes in responses towards the matter in the course of the two strategies. The research has found that there have been changes made in the European social partners' responses regarding the problematic matter of migrant workers' employment, namely precarious working conditions and lower employment rates than native workers, at all levels. To be specific, the trade unions have begun to emphasize more proactive protection of migrants at workplace than before. However, there is little evidence that it was the result of either the Lisbon or the EU2020. It was rather much more because of the evolving European economic market circumstance that has been getting liberalized more actively as the single market goes on, featured by the problematic side of the increase of posted workers and agency workers. Especially, the research is also aimed at shedding a light on how the Lisbon and the EU2020 have been articulated in the two different economic, social and employment models, namely the Nordic model and the Western model by investigating the Swedish case and the UK case in the study of Member state level social partners.
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Adhikari, Pramod Kumar Politics Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Socioeconomic attainments and birthplace variations in Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Politics, 1996. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38641.
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Australia is home for immigrants from more than a hundred countries and in total almost a quarter of all Australians are overseas-born. A high proportion of immigrants in a society raises question about socioeconomic equality. The purpose of the thesis is to study the differences in socioeconomic attainments between immigrants and native-born workers. Using data collected from the Issues in Multicultural Australia Survey, conducted in 1988, and the ABS Census of Population and Housing, 1986 and 1991, the study finds that human capital variables such as education, language proficiency and experience largely explain the socioeconomic attainments of Australian-born workers. Among immigrant workers, however, these human capital variables have little or no effect on status attainments. The data also show that the lower socioeconomic status of immigrants may not be due only to the lower investment in human capital. Even second generation NESB immigrants are unable to obtain comparable rewards compared to longer established Australians with similar education and skills. The study indicates that there may be barriers in the Australian labour market operating against NESB immigrants. The study concludes that there are birthplace variations in workers??? socioeconomic attainments. When employers can hire Australian-born workers from a large pool of unemployed workers, immigrant workers will be excluded from employment. Immigrant workers will only be hired if the rewards for these workers are lower compared to Australian-born workers. In situations of high unemployment, especially, immigrant workers will find it difficult to be treated equally in the labour market.
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Oliver-Evans, Ceridwen. "The implications of the abolition of influx control legislation in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22412.
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Bibliography: pages 259-277.<br>Influx control legislation was formally abolished in South Africa in 1986. This thesis investigates the social processes set in motion with its abolition in the spheres of employment and urbanisation and argues that the way in which influx control has been defined is central to any analysis concerned with its abolition. In this regard, influx control has been viewed in two senses: a narrow one in which it has been equated with formal influx control legislation, 'the pass laws'; and, secondly and more broadly, through definitions which embrace all methods of control over African urbanisation and associated labour mobility. This thesis argues that, in the macro domain, while influx control in its narrow sense has been abolished, it has been replaced with far more complex and subtle forms of control. These ostensibly racially neutral measures, an 'orderly urbanisation' policy and a wide variety of laws existing on South African statute books continue to circumscribe African rights. The research focuses on a specific region, the Western Cape, an area where influx control has been more harshly implemented than elsewhere through the implementation of the Coloured Labour Preference Policy. This thesis investigates on a micro-level, via the medium of a company compound, how people at both an individual and institutional level have interpreted the legislative changes and acted upon them. The particular range of actors include government officials, employers and employer organisations, union representatives, and migrant workers and their families living in the company compound. The evidence I present was obtained primarily through interviews and ethnographic field-research conducted in 1988. A particular concern of the thesis has been to examine the disjunction between policy and practice as pursued by government officials and the effects and implications arising from this among the actors mentioned above. The main themes which have emerged from this research are those of confusion and a lack of knowledge among many of the informants. It was found that high-ranking government officials lack consensus on vital issues of citizenship and employment which affect the lives of thousands of Transkeian and Ciskeian citizens. Employers, confused by the confusion in government departments, and confronted by a new situation and new sets of rules have either ignored these or succumbed to government policy. Equally, unions have been slow to respond or systematically adopt a policy on the 1986 legislative changes. Finally, it was found that migrant workers and their families are availing themselves of opportunities presented by the abolition of influx control legislation in terms of freedom of movement, although as I argue, this takes the form of a complex range of fluid and dynamic movement patterns between the compound, the rural areas and urban townships. This complexity, as the thesis demonstrates, is reflected both in the attitudes and in the practical daily living arrangements of the workers as they respond to and interpret the macro-level forces which affect them.
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Schaland, Ann-Julia. "Die Bedeutung transnationaler Kompetenzen für die Selbstständigkeit." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16956.
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Weltweit sind immer mehr Unternehmensgründer Migranten. Ihre Gründungsaktivitäten werden mit den individuellen Ressourcen der Migranten und den Möglichkeiten in den Zielregionen erklärt (vgl. z.B. „Mixed-Embeddedness“-Ansatz von Kloosterman et al. 1999). Zu den Ressourcen zählen das Humankapital sowie das soziale und ökonomische Kapital. Veränderte Nachfragestrukturen, rechtliche, institutionelle und technologische Rahmenbedingungen sowie Entwicklungen auf den Arbeits- und Immobilienmärkten im Zielland beeinflussen ferner die Chancen für Migrantengründungen. Auffällig ist, dass transnationale Kompetenzen (Koehen und Rosenau 2002), wie z.B. Mehrsprachigkeit oder das Wissen über mindestens zwei länderübergreifende Kontexte nicht mit zu den individuellen Ressourcen gerechnet werden. So können Akteure, die unterschiedliche kulturelle Deutungsschemata kennen, z.B. bei Geschäftsverhandlungen Bedeutungsgleichheit mit unterschiedlichen Geschäftspartnern herstellen (Pütz 2004, 28). Ziel der Arbeit ist, die Bedeutung transnationaler Kompetenzen für unternehmerisches Handeln in Bezug auf die Entdeckung von Gründungsideen und die Entwicklung von Marktbearbeitungsstrategien herauszustellen und dadurch eine weitere Determinante zur Erklärung der Struktur von Migrantenökonomien zu identifizieren. Der theoretische Teil der Arbeit befasste sich mit der Rolle transnationaler Kompetenzen für die Selbstständigkeit. Die Auswertung 54 problemzentrierter Interviews mit Selbstständigen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund zeigte, dass transnationale Kompetenzen vor allem für hochqualifizierte Migranten der zweiten Generation in wissensintensiven Dienstleistungsbranchen eine Ressource für ihre Selbstständigkeit darstellen. Sie können zwischen diversen Marktbearbeitungsstrategien wählen und heterogene lokale, nationale und transnationale Netzwerke aufbauen, die sie wiederum dazu befähigen, eine unbediente Nachfrage aufzudecken und spezielle Dienste anzubieten.<br>The number of entrepreneurs in Germany is expected to decrease by more than half a million within the next 40 years (Deutscher Industrie- und Handelskammertag 2008). Experts propose that migrants may be able to secure the business founding sector in the future. Today already more migrants with foreign nationality found businesses than Germans without a history in migration (Statistisches Bundesamt 2012b). The Research field of Migrant Entrepreneurship explains that some of the reasons for the increase in self-employment among migrants are difficulties in finding jobs, and struggle with legal conditions in the receiving country, as well as business opportunities due to migrant resources (e.g. “co-ethnic” support networks, see Waldinger et al. 1990). Surprisingly, individual transnational competences (Koehn and Rosenau 2002) as multilingualism and the knowledge of diverse cultural contexts are often overlooked. I assume that these competences have an impact on creativity, the exploration of market opportunities and the development of business strategies. Moreover they foster the chance to set up diverse local, national or transnational networks. In the first part of this thesis a summary of former and recent concepts to explain migrant entrepreneurship is presented. The next part deals with the definition of transnational competences (Koehn and Rosenau 2002). Afterwards I raise the question how to gain these competences and what impact they might have for the motivation of getting self-employed. The analysis of 54 structured interviews with self-employed workers of Turkish origin in different sectors in Hamburg shows that transnational competences are indeed advantageous, especially to second generation migrants in the knowledge intensive service industry (i.e. legal and health-care consultation). They develop innovative founding ideas and they can choose between diverse market strategies due to their special competencies and transnational networks.
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Patsyurko, Nataliya. "Circumventing the state : illegal labour migration from Ukraine as a strategy within the informal economy." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115615.
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This thesis examines labour migration as an outcome of the interaction between the state and the informal economy, by considering the trends of contemporary labour migration from Ukraine to Southern Europe. It contends that in both the sending and receiving countries, migration policies either disregard or severely limit labour migration, while their informal economies facilitate the development of migration. This basic contradiction sustains migration flows over time. The main argument of the thesis is that migration develops within the system of interacting informal economies. I demonstrate the embeddedness of migration in the informal economy by using the case of Ukrainian migration to Italy.<br>The role of the informal economy in the development of migration is examined across several dimensions. First, I argue that the recent labour migration from Ukraine emerged as a strategy of the informal economy, continuing the previous strategies of cross-border trading and short-term migration to Central Europe. These economic practices were the innovative responses of the population to the decline of the state economy and to the absence of economic reforms. Migration developed in the space between the state and the market economy.<br>Second, the flows of labour migration were 'invisible' to states, and developed outside state control and regulation. This thesis demonstrates that the migration policies of the Ukrainian state disregarded the process of out-migration of Ukrainian citizens. Similarly, Italian immigration policies did not recognise the existing flows of labour migration. The informal economy of the receiving state resolved the contradiction between the economic demand for migrant workers and restrictive migration policies and enabled access to the receiving economy.<br>However, access to the receiving labour market through the informal economy contributed to the disadvantaged incorporation of migrants and prevented their integration into the receiving society. The analysis of economic incorporation demonstrates that the informal economy channelled Ukrainian migrants to the secondary labour market with low earnings, a lack of benefits, and no possibility of professional advancement. The mode of access to the receiving economy and the resulting illegality heavily influenced the position of Ukrainian migrants in the labour market.<br>Finally, the analysis of Ukrainian labour migration to Italy demonstrates that alternative migration-facilitating institutions were developed in the absence of the state recognition of labour migration. These institutions paralleled the institutions of the official labour markets and allowed migrants to implement income-generating projects. In addition, migration was facilitated by the supporting institutions of the receiving society, which counteracted the restrictive immigration laws and political controls on migration. The migration-supporting institutions were predicated on the strategies of circumventing state control which developed from participation in the informal economy of the sending country. Labour migration from the former Soviet Union would not be possible without these informal practices and the culture of avoiding state control in economic activities.<br>The proposed analysis answers the challenge posed by the recent Ukrainian labour migration to conventional theories on migration, whose approaches usually omit references to the meso-level of migration processes, and consider either the structural-economic or the micro- determinants of migration. This thesis presents the informal economy both as a structural factor which enables migration and as a characteristic of the migrant agency that facilitates it.<br>By doing that, the thesis also complements the literature on migration to Southern Europe and argues that migrations are not simply encouraged by the informal economies of the receiving countries, but they emerge from, and are facilitated by, the informal economies of the sending countries. To perpetuate migration migrants creatively use the resources of the informal economy in conjunction with strategies of circumventing the state. This argument holds for a number of ex-Soviet countries, which suffered severe economic crises during the disintegration of the state-controlled socialist economies, and consequently produced significant labour migrations to Western Europe.
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Fa'anunu, Sinama Tupou. "Experiences of Tongan Women Migrants at Paid Work in New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2299.
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The employment experiences of Tongan women migrants have received little attention in the literature. This study therefore, sought to shed light on the dynamics of their social and economic experiences at paid work in New Zealand. It was guided by the theories of population geographies, feminist geography and postcolonialism. The inter-relationships of these theories provided insights into the influence of migration on these women's identities, ethnicity and gender relations and also how these influence these women's experiences at paid work in New Zealand. The data were drawn from two major sources: i) the New Zealand 2006 population census and ii) in-depth interviews held in Tonga and New Zealand, with greater focus on the interviews. This study revealed that the Tongan women's decisions for migrating to New Zealand were influenced by social rather than economic incentives. Migration has challenged these women's traditional roles and reconstructed their gender relations. Many are breadwinners yet Tongan born men in New Zealand still predominantly engage in the labour force and have higher personal income. Their experiences at paid work also differ from the New Zealand born Tongan women in New Zealand. These differences reflect the availability of their social networks and their familiarity with the socio-economic systems in New Zealand. They experienced successes and failures at paid work on their way to improving their lives in New Zealand.
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DAI, Erbiao. "Migrants, Employment Discrimination and Income Inequality in Urban China : A Case Study of Shenzhen." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9591.
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Sinsuwan, Woramon. "Thai Marriage Migrants in Germany and Their Employment Dilemma after the Residence Act of 2005." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18769.
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Seit ungefähr den 1960er Jahren migrieren Thailänder nach Deutschland, und es ist statistisch belegt, dass die Feminisierung der thailändischen Migration bis heute anhält (Bundesamt für Statistik, 2016). Frauen machen 87 Prozent aller in Deutschland lebenden Thailänder und Thailänderinnen aus. 94 Prozent aller Ehen mit thailändischer Beteiligung in Deutschland bestehen zwischen thailändischen Frauen und deutschen oder ausländischen Männern, während in nur 6 Prozent der Fälle thailändische Männer mit deutschen oder ausländischen Frauen verheiratet sind. Im Jahr 2005 waren 58.784 thailändische Staatsangehörige in Deutschland gemeldet, aber nur 43 Prozent davon waren nach dem deutschen Gesetz als „erwerbstätig“ registriert. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Beschäftigungsdilemma thailändischer Heiratsmigranten seit dem Inkrafttreten des neuen Aufenthaltsgesetzes im Jahr 2005. Zunächst beleuchtet sie die zugrundeliegenden Probleme, wegen derer die thailändische Heiratsmigranten ihr Potential als Vollzeit-Arbeitskräfte nicht ausschöpfen können, und erklärt, warum sich hochqualifizierte thailändische Heiratsmigranten nicht voll in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt integrieren können. Dann untersucht sie die thailändische Diaspora und den Transnationalismus thailändischer Heiratsmigranten in Deutschland, und schließlich versucht sie, anhand Pierre Bourdieus Theorie von Kapital, Habitus und sozialem Raum die Berufsentscheidungen thailändischer Heiratsmigranten im deutschen Umfeld zu erklären. Qualitative Interviews, welche zwischen 2016 und 2017 durchgeführt worden sind, stellen mit 38 Informanten und einem quantitativen Fragebogen, der von 125 Befragten ausgefüllt wurde, bislang eine der umfangreichsten Forschungen über thailändische Ehemigranten in Deutschland dar.<br>Thais started to migrate to Germany around the 1960s, and it is statistically evident that the feminisation of Thai migration through marriage to Germans has continued to the present day (Federal Statistics Office of Germany, 2016). Women account for almost 87 percent of all Thais in Germany. Marriages of Thai women to German or foreign husbands account for 94 percent of marriages in Germany involving Thai nationals, compared to only six percent of Thai men married to German or foreign wives. In 2005, the total number of Thais in Germany was 58,784; however, only 43 percent of Thais were registered as “labour” under the German employment system. This paper investigates the employment dilemma of Thai marriage migrants after implementation of the new Residence Act of 2005. First, it sheds light on the underlying problems that hinder Thai marriage migrants’ potential as full-time labourers and provides better understanding of why highly-educated Thai marriage migrants cannot fully integrate into the German labour market. Second, it examines the Thai diaspora and explores the present-day trans-nationalism of Thai marriage migrants in Germany. Finally, it applies Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concept of capital, habitus and social space to better understand Thai marriage migrants’ career choices in the German milieu. Qualitative interviews with 38 informants and a quantitative questionnaire filled out by 125 additional respondents were conducted between 2016 and 2017, providing one of the most comprehensive researches on Thai marriage migrants in Germany to date.
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Magnusson, Karin. "Integration of the Employed: The sociocultural integration of highly educated migrants in Sweden." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22677.
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In 2008, Sweden changed its labor migration legislation and allowed for labor migrants from non EU/EEA countries to migrate to Sweden, which had been heavily restricted since the 1970s. This shift in labor migration policy is mirrored in Swedish integration policy where the focus in recent years has been on labor market integration. This thesis aims to investigate the sociocultural integration of migrants who are employed and, in the Swedish context, assumed to be integrated. In addition, sociocultural integration is related to employment and length of stay. Sociocultural integration is measured by three indicators: knowledge of Swedish language, having Swedish friends, and membership in organizations. The data was collected through sixteen semi-structured interviews of highly educated migrants with employment in Sweden and analyzed using four integration theories.The study reveals that employed migrants are only partially socioculturally integrated. Respondents presented low levels of Swedish-language knowledge, which can be explained by their short stay in the country as well having international workplaces where mostly English is spoken. However, these workplaces also offer respondents opportunities to meet natives and most respondents met their Swedish friends through work. There is a need for further studies of integration, in particular those that would explore multiple dimensions of integration and incorporate migrants who are already economically integrated.
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Draper, Robert. "How do changing employment patterns affect the economic incentives to migrate within the England and Wales?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45733.
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It is important for any country to understand why its population makes certain choices on where to locate, since it can help to guide policy aimed at reviving deprived areas. Over the past few decades there has been a general trend for the population to migrate from the North to the South in England and Wales. Similarly, there has been an imbalance in the spread of new opportunities, with advanced services tending to locate in the South, particularly close London. This paper investigates whether changing employment patterns, away from manufacturing and towards services, has helped to facilitate migration within the England and Wales. There has been a distinct lack of empirical analysis in this area due to data limitations. Prior studies have had to utilise broad geographic regions in their analysis, providing limited insight into the reasons for such change. This paper aims to expand on these studies by looking at data on a more local level. This study made use of fixed panel regressions in order to estimate the effects of a region’s employment structure upon migration rates. The results indicate that neither the sector of employment, nor unemployment rates directly influence an individual’s likelihood to migrate. However, there is evidence to support the idea that population density influences migration, potentially as a result of agglomeration economies.
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Du, Shengchen. "Social capital, institutional constraints, and labor market outcomes :evidence from university graduates in China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/653.
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The effect of social capital on labor market outcomes is a key concern in sociological studies. Even though there are extensive studies on this topic, with the worldwide expansion of higher education, insufficient scholarly efforts have so far been devoted to understanding access to social capital in the educational setting and labor market impact of social capital for well-educated individuals. Moreover, studies on social capital and migration tend to focus on the role played by social capital on migration decisions and outcomes, contingency impact of social capital on migrants' labor market outcomes are not well understood. To fill the knowledge gap, this research is to examine undergraduates' social capital accumulation and mobilization on campus, and the associated outcomes for their job seeking, with the particular focus on 1) the impact of macro institutions on migrant students' social capital accumulation and mobilization; 2) contingency impact of social capital on labor market outcomes. Combining primary data from in-depth interviews in Tianjin and secondary data collected in Nanjing, China, I examine the different processes of social capital accumulation and mobilization between local and migrant students on campus, and associated labor market outcomes between local and returned migrant students. Findings of this study suggest that university provides an important context for undergraduates to establish social ties and accumulate social capital. By attending higher education institutions, especially elite ones, students gain opportunities to build exclusive social connections on campus. However, opportunities to accumulate social capital on campus are highly structured between local and migrant students because of the household registration system. Moreover, data from in-depth interviews have demonstrated that migrant students suffer disadvantaged capacities to mobilize social capital compared to their local counterparts. The household registration system deprives migrant populations of access to some local employment opportunities, such as government and government-affiliated organizations, migrant students suffer from weaker job information and influence when mobilizing their social capital. Further, by analyzing survey data from Nanjing, it has verified the institutional contingency impact of social capital upon the household registration system between local and returned migrant students. Both total and university-based social capital increases local students' chance to get a desirable job but does not do so for returned migrant students. The central argument of the study is that institutional constraints, such as the household registration system, could lead to different capacities for the accessibility and mobilization of social capital among local students, migrant students, and returned migrant students, finally leading to differential labor market outcomes in Chinese cities.
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Chu, Wai-ying Demi, and 朱慧瑩. "The experience in work, family environment and expectations of young new migrants from the Mainland China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979294.
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Vrána, Martin. "Vliv migrace na vybrané socioekonomické ukazatele." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85315.
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This thesis deals with the topic of migration. In the theoretical level the work defines the term migration, further it discusses its reasons, forms, types and consequences. In the practical level the work examines the impact of migration on the socio-economic indicators. It is focused to characteristics of the migration impacts on social and economic indicators of the Czech Republic. The aim of the work is to assess the situation, which could arise in the future as a direct consequence of migration. The work further also brings information about the current situation and migration development in the Czech Republic, it also informs what kind of migration policy was chosen by the Czech Government and discusses the topic of national minorities living in our country. Selected goal of the work is processed in a third part, which discuss economic, social and demographic aspect of migration.
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Sinsuwan, Woramon [Verfasser], Boike [Gutachter] Rehbein, and Vincent [Gutachter] Houben. "Thai Marriage Migrants in Germany and Their Employment Dilemma after the Residence Act of 2005 / Woramon Sinsuwan ; Gutachter: Boike Rehbein, Vincent Houben." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1189429055/34.
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Ahonen, Emily. "Immigrants, work and health: a qualitative study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7165.
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Este estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo en cinco ciudades examina las condiciones de trabajo, los riesgos, los factores influyentes y los efectos en salud experimentados por trabajadores inmigrantes en España. Se diseñó una muestra por criterio.<br/>El tamaño de la muestra final de 158 hombres y mujeres documentados e indocumentados se determinó por saturación del discurso. Los datos fueron recogidos entre septiembre del 2006 y mayo de 2007 mediante entrevistas individuales y grupos focales, ambos semiestructurados y con un guión de temas. Se empleó un análisis narrativo del contenido, siguiendo un esquema de generación mixta. Los datos muestran una exposición frecuente a una variedad de riesgos laborales, horas largas de trabajo y pocos días de descanso, además de prácticas discriminatorias en cuanto a la asignación de tareas. Los informantes carecían de formación en seguridad laboral y de experiencia en sus puestos de trabajo. La mayoría tenía poco control sobre su ambiente de trabajo. Finalmente, relataron abusos en términos de sus condiciones de empleo. Los efectos en salud relatados cubrían un rango, desde la experiencia o el miedo de sufrir lesiones agudas, lesiones de estrés crónico, problemas respiratorios y dermatológicos, la acumulación de fatiga, afectaciones del sueño, síntomas somáticos y síntomas de salud psicológica pobre tales como ansiedad y depresión. Se examinan las diferencias halladas por estatus administrativo y género. Estos resultados no dejan lugar a duda en cuanto a la necesidad de mejorar el apoyo a los inmigrantes trabajadores. También son necesarios mejores datos y vigilancia a la salud de esta población como elementos centrales de tal apoyo. Se discuten áreas específcas que requieren más atención desde la investigación y la polítca.<br>This qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study in five cities examines the working conditions, hazards, influencing factors and effects on health experienced by immigrant workers in Spain. A criterion sample was designed. The final sample of 158 documented and undocumented immigrant men and women was determined by saturation of the discourse. Data were collected between September 2006 and May 2007 through semistructured individual interviews and focus groups, using a topic guide. We employed narrative content analysis to examine data according to a mixed-generation scheme. The data demonstrated widespread exposure to a variety of occupational hazards, long work hours, and few days off, as well as discriminatory assignation of tasks. Informants lacked worker safety training, appropriate personal protective equipment, and experience in current jobs.<br/>Most had very little control over elements of their work environment. Finally, informants reported abuses in terms of employment conditions. Health effects reported ranged from the experience or fear of acute injuries, to chronic strain injuries, respiratory and dermatologic responses, to the accumulation of fatigue, sleep affectations, somatic symptoms, and mental health concerns such as anxiety and depressive mood. Differences by documentation status and gender are discussed. These results leave little doubt about the need for better outreach and support for immigrant workers in Spain. Better data collection and surveillance of this worker population is a centrally necessary element of stronger immigrant worker support. Specific areas in need of more study and policy consideration are discussed.
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Viseth, Arina. "Essays on emigration, remittances, and employment in the source country : evidence from Mexico." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22020.
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This dissertation contributes to the emerging empirical literature on the developmental impact of international migration in the source developing economy. Given the policy priority placed on job creation and the emphasis on wage impacts in recent work, the focus here is on the consequences of emigration on the extent of employment and the nature of that employment of those left behind. In particular, our questions are (i) does international migration and remittances have an impact on unemployment rates in the source country? and (ii) do remittances encourage entrepreneurship, as reflected by the share of workers classified as self-employed? We investigate these questions using census data from Mexico, unlike much of previous work that has relied on household survey data. Our empirical strategy attempts to address the typical issues of self-selection and endogeneity that migration impact studies encounter. We classify workers into skill groups and employ the Borjas (2003) empirical strategy, carrying out our analysis at the national level. We also introduce the fractional logit estimator (Papke and Wooldridge (1996)), unused in this field before, to address the fact that the dependent variables of concern are both proportions, and thus avoid the flaws in typical studies that investigate the impact of selected variables on the conditional expectation of a proportion or vector of proportions. Our results show that (i) emigration and remittances decrease native unemployment rates, and (ii) remittances intensify self-employment activities among the receivers. These results are even stronger once we control for sample bias and endogeneity. In terms of economic policy, we therefore provide indirect evidence that migration and remittances could be growth enhancing through their effects on employment in the source country<br>Cette dissertation contribue à la littérature empirique naissante sur l'impact développemental de la migration internationale dans le pays source. Etant donné la priorité de politique placée sur la création d'emplois, l’analyse est ici portée sur les conséquences de l'émigration sur l'emploi et la nature de cet emploi. En particulier, nos questions sont les suivantes, d’une part, (i) est-ce que la migration internationale et les transferts de fonds des travailleurs migrants ont un impact sur le taux de chômage dans le pays de source? D’autre part, (ii) les transferts de fonds des travailleurs migrants encouragent-ils l'esprit d'entreprise, comme reflété par la proportion de travailleurs indépendants du pays source? Nous étudions ces questions en utilisant des données de recensement du Mexique et des Etats-Unis, à la différence de beaucoup des travaux précédents qui se sont fondés sur des données d'enquête de ménage. Notre stratégie empirique essaye d'adresser les problèmes de biais de sélection et d’endogénéite, problèmes que les études précédentes ont rencontrés. Nous classifions les travailleurs dans différents groupes de compétence et utilisons la stratégie empirique dévelopée par Borjas (2003), effectuant ainsi notre analyse au niveau national. Nous introduisons également l'estimateur partiel de logit (développé par Papke et Wooldridge (1996)). Nos résultants montrent que (i) l'émigration et les transferts de fonds de travailleurs migrants diminuent le taux de chômage du pays source, et par ailleurs (ii) les transferts de fonds de travailleurs migrants augmentent le taux de travailleurs indépendants dans le pays source. Ces résultats sont encore plus significatifs une fois que nous prenons en considération les problèmes économétriques liés aux biais de sélection et d’endogénéité. En termes de politique économique, nous fournissons donc des preuves empiriques quant aux effets de la migration internationale et des transferts de fonds migrants sur la croissance économique du pays de source
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Camargo, Jose Marangoni. "Relações de trabalho na agricultura paulista no periodo recente." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285483.
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Orientador: Angela Antonia Kageyama<br>Tese (dooutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Insituto de Economia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T05:35:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos principais analisar as transformações técnico-produtivas ocorridas na agricultura paulista e os seus impactos sobre o emprego e as condições socioeconômicas da população ocupada no setor. O nível de emprego direto gerado pelas atividades agrícolas depende em grande medida da área cultivada, da composição das culturas e do desempenho da safra agrícola, sobretudo no curto prazo. O estágio tecnológico em que se encontram as culturas também é outra variável que afeta a ocupação agrícola. No caso específico de São Paulo, dado o esgotamento precoce de sua fronteira agrícola, a evolução da ocupação agrícola tem sido influenciada principalmente pelas mudanças da base técnica dos processos produtivos adotados pelos estabelecimentos agrícolas. Entre o início da década de 70 e meados da década atual, a agricultura paulista eliminou quase 700 mil postos de trabalho, o que representou uma redução de quase 40% da ocupação agrícola neste período. Observa-se também uma tendência de declínio da mão-de-obra residente nas propriedades, na medida em que quase 60% dos ocupados na agricultura paulista já residem fora das propriedades rurais em que exercem seu trabalho. Os assalariados temporários, que nos anos 80 tinham uma participação de 22% do total da população ocupada, passam a representar 19% em 2004. Concomitantemente, o novo ciclo de inovação tecnológica em curso na agricultura paulista a partir dos anos 90, apoiada, sobretudo na intensificação da mecanização em todas as fases do processo produtivo, tende a levar a uma preferência crescente por trabalhadores assalariados permanentes. Analisa-se também o comportamento da ocupação agrícola para as diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo. Os dados sobre a ocupação agrícola para os anos 90 apontam que, apesar de todas as regiões apresentarem uma redução do emprego nesse período, os efeitos combinados de fatores como o grau de tecnificação das culturas, as mudanças dos indicadores desse nível de modernização e alterações nas áreas ou na composição das culturas, incidiram de forma diferenciada sobre as várias regiões do estado<br>Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in production methods that have taken place in agriculture in São Paulo State and their impact both on jobs and the socio-economic conditions of the workers in this sector. The rate of direct employment generated by agricultural activities largely depends on the cultivated area, the crops grown and the abundance of the harvest, especially in the short term. The technological level of the agricultural activities is another factor that affects the numbers employed on the land. In the specific case of São Paulo, given the early exhaustion of the rural frontier, the evolving pattern of agricultural work has been influenced mainly by the changing technical basis of the production methods adopted by agricultural units. From the beginning of the 1970s until the middle of the present decade, agriculture in São Paulo lost nearly 700,000 jobs, representing a nearly 40% reduction in rural employment in the period. There is also a tendency for the resident work force to decline, since nearly 60% of those working on the land in São Paulo already live away from the rural properties where they do their work. The seasonal workers, who represented 22% of the total working population during the 1980s, fell to 19% in 2004. At the same time, the new cycle of technological innovation in progress in the agricultural sector in São Paulo since the 1990s, above all in the intensification of mechanization at all stages of the productive process, tends to favor a growing preference for permanent salaried workers. The profile of agricultural work in the different regions of São Paulo State is also analyzed. The numbers occupied on the land during the 1990s indicate that, while all regions suffered a reduction in the level of employment in that period, the combined effects of factors such as the degree of mechanization of cultivation, changes in the indicators of that level of modernization and alterations in the area under cultivation or type of crops had affected of differentiated form the various regions of the state<br>Tese (dooutorado) - Universida<br>Política Social<br>Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
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Njwambe, Avela Thandisiwe. "Essence of home: relevance of home and the assertion of place amongst Centane migrants, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/51866.
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South Africa is currently experiencing ever-increasing rural-urban migration with many citizens from the former homeland areas migrating to cities to seek employment. Despite long-term residence in urban areas, many township dwellers do not consider these places to be home. Research into circular migration patterns reveal the lifelong relationships that migrants (amagoduka) have with their family home (ekhayeni). This study aimed to explore this relationship, looking in particular at the meanings imbued in the locality of home. In addition, the role of natural landscapes and social components in constructing meanings and attachments to ekhayeni for Xhosa-speaking migrants in Cape Town townships, who have family linkages to rural villages in the Transkei, was also explored. The study found that the landscape of home remains central to migrants’ cultural identity, belonging and well-being. Childhood experiences in nature, and cultural and recreational activities that continue to take rural inhabitants into these landscapes, remain key to this relationship. The rural area, as a geographical entity embodied with social and cultural/spiritual components continued to supply and satisfy many human needs for migrants, which were seen as crucial for psychological, mental and spiritual well-being.
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Sedláček, David. "Analýza problémů zaměstnávání cizinců v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223783.
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The master´s thesis deals with problems of employing foreigners in the Czech Republic. The aim is to assess the consequences of the problems arising from this activity and to propose measures that will be optimal for state, employees and employers.
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Basilidze, Lena. "“Why would I not be called for an interview?” Love Migrants Economic Integration in Sweden Experiences of highly educated immigrants while searching for employment in Sweden." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22689.
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In this thesis the economic integration of highly educated love migrants in Sweden is investigated, focusing on the experiences of unemployed love migrants while search of employment and examines the factors that influence their economic integration in Sweden. This study is based on human capital theory, social capital theory, discrimination theory, and economic integration theory. The thesis is based on the qualitative research design, for this research, individual interviews with five participants have been conducted and interviewees stories have been analyzed. The findings reveal that human capital acquired in the country of origin could create transferability problems in Sweden. Additionally, discrimination and prejudicial treatment from the employers disadvantage immigrants’ position in the labor market. However, the human capital gain in the form of language skills and education facilitates and enhances economic integration. The study also looks at social and human capital interdependence - human capital gain can facilitate social contacts and network creation, and a social network can accelerate human capital value and overcome the discrimination factor, thus overcoming obstacles for gaining entrance to the labour market.
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Coulibaly, Aïssata. "Essays on financial development and vulnerability in employment in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD001/document.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux effets macroéconomiques du développement financier sur la vulnérabilité dans l’emploi dans les pays émergeants et en développement. Dans le premier chapitre, nous montrons que l’accès au crédit et les inégalités de revenu augmentent le travail des enfants surtout dans les pays à forte inégalité ou à faible revenu. Ce résultat indique que les parents tendent à investir leur crédit dans des projets qui accroissent le coût d’opportunité de l’éducation et le bénéfice attendu du travail des enfants. Ainsi, nous démontrons qu’un meilleur contrôle de la corruption permet d’améliorer l’efficacité du développement financier ainsi que des dépenses d’éducation en vue de réduire le travail des enfants. Cela passe notamment par une amélioration de la qualité de l’éducation. Dans le second chapitre, nous démontrons qu’un meilleur accès aux services financiers ainsi qu’une réduction des contraintes en termes d’utilisation de ces produits réduit la proportion de travailleurs pauvres. Cet effet est plus important en cas d’instabilité macroéconomique. De plus, ce meilleur accès bénéficie également aux non pauvres qui étaient précédemment exclus, ces derniers étant plus à même d’investir et de réduire indirectement la proportion de travailleurs pauvres via une croissance plus forte. Les résultats du troisième chapitre suggèrent qu’aussi bien le développement financier et les transferts de fonds des migrants peuvent limiter la prolifération du secteur informel. Cependant, ils tendent à être substituts, avec notamment un faible niveau de développement financier initial qui est compensé par l’utilisation des transferts de fonds. Finalement dans le chapitre 4, nous passons en revue des produits financiers flexibles et innovants qui pourraient permettre aux plus vulnérables de mieux faire face aux chocs. Nos résultats suggèrent que ces produits doivent être conçus de manière à offrir dans un premier temps des produits d’épargne en supprimant notamment les frais d’ouverture de compte. Leur utilisation devrait permettre de produire de l’information sur les emprunteurs notamment sur la base de l’historique des versements et leur fréquence. Ainsi en cas de choc, l’épargne accumulée peut servir de garantie pour le prêt complété si nécessaire par des produits d’assurance. Le « mobile banking » peut également servir pour la diffusion des produits flexibles et dans une plus large mesure de support pour accroître le niveau de bancarisation, vu le nombre croissant de personnes utilisant le téléphone portable<br>This thesis explored the macroeconomic effects of financial development on the most vulnerable workers in developing and emerging countries. Chapter one focuses on child labor. Our results suggest that child labor is positively associated to financial development and inequality particularly in countries with high level of income inequalities and low level of income. In fact, with access to credit, households tend to invest in productive activities which increase the opportunity cost of education and the returns from child labor. Hence, we demonstrate that a better control of corruption makes financial development as well as education spending more effective in reducing child labor by improving education quality. In the second chapter, we show that more bank branches and limiting barriers to use financial services reduce the proportion of working poor. This result is more relevant in countries hit by macroeconomic shocks and a better access to financial services also benefits to the excluded non-poor who can in turn invest and reduce poverty. In the third chapter, we find that both financial development and remittances tend to reduce the spread of the shadow economy by channelling funds to the more productive activities. Moreover, they tend to be substitutes, indicating that households rely on remittances in countries with low level of financial development. Finally, chapter four reviews innovative flexible financial products which can be used to help the more vulnerable to manage shocks. Our results suggest that, first barriers to open saving and checking accounts (like opening fees) need to be suppressed in order to increase the use of these services, generating more information on potential borrowers on the basis of the history and frequency of payments. Then, accumulated savings can be used as collateral for loan supplemented by insurance services. Mobile banking could also serve as support for flexible financial services.Keywords: Financial development, financial services; child labor, decent work, vulnerability, informal sector shadow economy, underground economy, institutions, inequality, working poverty, developing countries, trickle-down effect, remittances, microfinance, flexibility, discipline, risk, shocks, index-based insurance, combined products
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Ouali, Nouria. "Migration et accès au marché du: les effets émancipateurs sur la condition des femmes issues de l'immigration." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210479.
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La thèse a pour objet l'émancipation des femmes issues de l'immigration. Elle propose d'évaluer les effets de la migration et de l'accès au marché du travail sur l'émancipation des filles de migrantes d'origine marocaine en Belgique francophone.<p>L'étude tente d'abord de mettre en lumière le rôle des femmes immigrées dans l'histoire de la Belgique en le ré-articulant à l'histoire sociale, l'histoire des femmes et l'histoire de l'immigration. Ensuite, elle montre que l'approche dominante des travaux sur les migrations ne prend pas en compte la dimension du genre, ce qui a pour conséquence de masquer la différenciation des expériences migratoires selon le sexe. Enfin, elle replace l'analyse du statut des femmes immigrées et de leurs descendantes dans la complexité des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe afin de mieux rendre compte des réalités concrètes et de sortir du simplisme des approches culturalistes.<p>La thèse développe une analyse des politiques d'intégration (politiques éducative, de l'emploi et de lutte contre les discriminations) visant l'émancipation des immigrées et en évalue l'impact sur les filles de migrant-es d'origine marocaine. Elle présente enfin les trajectoires individuelles des filles de migrant.es marocain.es et examine les facteurs individuels et collectifs favorisant leur émancipation.<p><br>Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Rojas, Carlos. "The Impact of Migration on Natives’ Unemployment Rates : A study on the municipal level in Sweden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32839.
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The following is a study of the impact of migration on unemployment rates for natives in Sweden, on municipal level. A cross sectional data set has been analyzed using multiple linear regressions. The regression analysis has searched for the impact on the unemployment rates among natives of the size of the share of migrants in the municipalities as well as of the change in the size of the share of migrants during a time span of 13 years. The results show that migration has small or non-existent impact on the unemployment rates of natives. The results vary depending on the period being investigated and also depending on the characteristics of the municipality that is investigated. When dividing the municipalities into three categories (city, urban and rural municipalities) significant impact of migration on native’s unemployment rates is to be found in city and urban municipalities, but not in rural. The results also indicate that the most significant impact is to be found in the present period of time, while in the long term the impact diminishes to become less significant or not significant at all. 10% migrants in a city municipality in 2015 increased natives’ unemployment level that same year by 0.4 percentage units. More rapid increases of the share of migrants in the labor force have more impact as well. A municipality were the share of migrants grew with 1 percentage unit between 2003 and 2015, had 0.1 percentage unit higher unemployment rate for natives in 2015. This study’s results follow the pattern from earlier studies in the field, that since the 1990’s have shown similar effects when measuring different countries on different continents – sometimes the effect has been significant, sometimes not, and when significant the impact has been rather small, often clustering around zero.
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Dobiáš, Bohdan. "Krátkodobá predikce faktorů ovlivňujících rovnováhu na trhu práce v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4273.
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The diploma work analyses the leading factors of the Czech labour market. Firstly, it analyses and assesses an impact of individual factors on the labour force during the period lasting from 1997 till 2007 and it searches for the reasons regarding each variable progress. Moreover it aspires to identify possible mutual dependences between various indicators that formulate better position for the following outlook. Secondly, the work provides a short-time prediction of the most important factors that will probably affect the quantity of the labour force in the Czech Republic in course of following years. After the quantity prediction the work explains consequences regarding possible affection of the national economy's growth and identifies possible opportunities and threats connected with the changing structure of the Czech labour force.
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Zougbede, Emeline. "Ce que le « dispositif » fait au travailleur « sans-papiers » : analyser l'emploi et les rapports à l'emploi de migrants dits « sans-papiers », originaires de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal, à Paris, au prisme de la régularisation exceptionnelle au titre du travail." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB215/document.
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La présente recherche entend analyser les emplois occupés par des migrants dits « sans-papiers », originaires majoritairement de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal, à Paris, à la lumière des processus de régularisation par le travail dont ils sont l'objet. En mobilisant les notions d'« identités de papiers » (Dardy [1991] 1998 ; Noiriel, 1998, 2007 ; Bruno, 2010) et d'« interstices de jeu », la thèse, basée sur une approche sociologique qualitative et inductive, cherche à mettre à jour les mécanismes et logiques à l’œuvre dans la mise au travail d'une population particulière qui est celle d'étrangers en situation irrégulière. Aussi, l'absence d'un titre de séjour en règle a-t-il pour effet la mise en relation de ces migrants avec des secteurs d'emploi déterminés dans un espace économique particulier, et pour lesquels les emplois observés relèvent du marché du travail dit secondaire, voire exogène, aux formes d'emploi précaires et instables. Si les migrants rencontrés acceptent ces emplois précaires et quelque peu dévalorisés, c'est parce que le travail (et le salariat qu'il permet) définit les situations migratoires observées. Pour autant, l'adéquation entre une offre et une demande de travail tire en partie sa légitimité de l'État français. Aussi, les processus de régularisation par le travail en viennent-ils à déterminer partiellement la rencontre entre cette offre et cette demande de travail, la justifier en la normalisant pour partie. Du reste, si l’État en vient à légitimer cette rencontre, c'est aussi au moyen d'une récupération au profit d'une « instrumentation » (Lascoumes, 2003) de la figure du « Travailleur Sans-papiers », énoncée et revendiquée par la grève de 2008-2010. En somme, l'observation des situations d'emploi (notamment dans la répétition des postes occupés et des formes d'emploi) amène à considérer la constitution d'une population au travail, permise par la reconnaissance par l’État de la figure du « Travailleur Sans-papiers ». Les procès de régularisation au titre du travail dessinent la figure du « Travailleur Sans-papiers » et décident si l'étranger en situation irrégulière peut être régularisé par le travail ou non, par le jeu de catégorisations que produit l’État. Et la thèse défendue est la suivante : l'emploi des migrants dits « sans-papiers » s'arrime à des logiques économiques qui assurent la mise en place et la permanence de formes d'emploi particulières. Ces formes d'emploi se nourrissent de la précarité des postes occupés et de la relation salariale contractée. Dans le cas des migrants rencontrés, elles renvoient à la production de formes d'infra-citoyenneté, sous-tendues par des logiques politiques (dans la gestion des flux migratoires et des politiques de main-d’œuvre) que la régularisation par le travail vient couronner. La figure du « Travailleurs Sans-papiers » telle que l'a promue la grève de 2008-2010, mais reprise dans les processus de régularisation au titre du travail, est alors l'archétype du travailleur régularisable et le travail des sans-papiers en est sa logique-même. Ils sont tous deux déterminés par un dispositif singulier de biopolitique<br>This research deals with the employment of undocumented people from the Senegal valley, in Paris and the legalization processes. Mobilizing the two concepts of "identify of papers" Dardy [1991] 1998; Noiriel, 1998, 2007; Bruno, 2010) and "interstices of game", this doctoral thesis, based on an sociological and inductive approach, highlights the mechanisms and logics that are inherent to putting undocumented people into work. From there, the lack of residence permit implies the inscription of these migrants in specific sectors of activities. Therefore, employments are registered in the secondary labour market, if not an exogenous market, where employment and its forms are very precarious. If migrants take these jobs, it is because work is the key parameter in the migratory situations. The balance between supply and demand of labour draws its legitimacy from the French State. Indeed, leglization processes determine this balance, and justify it by normalizing it. The legitimacy of French State is allowed by a recovery and "instrumentation" (Lascoumes, 2003) of the figure of "Undocumented Worker", which was first introduced during the strike of 2008-2010. In other words, the employment situations lead to discuss of the production of a specific labour force by the State. The legalization processes are based on the figure of "Undocumented Worker" and by this manner elect the alien in an irregular situation who will be regularized. This lead to formulate the following argument: the employment of undocumented migrants is due to economic logics which establish specific forms to putting undocumented people into work. This is guaranteed by precariousness of status employments, enables to produce forms of a low citizenship that political logics reinforce. Thus, the legalization process supports this perspective. The figure of "Undocumented Worker", from the strike of 2008-2010, is used by the French State to justify the legalization process by work. All these elements are included by a manner of governing that is attached to a particular scheme of biopolitic
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Kuchyňková, Michaela. "Analýza problematiky zaměstnávání a zdaňování cizinců v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223854.
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This master´s thesis focuses on issue of employment and taxation of foreigners in the Czech Republic. It analyzes current situation in labour market in the Czech Republic according to integration of migrants into labour process. The thesis presents on the sub-practice examples possible ways of employment and taxation of foreign workers to optimize tax.
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Trnovská, Zuzana. "VÝVOJ TRHU PRÁCE V MORAVSKOSLEZSKÉM KRAJI NA POČÁTKU 21. STOLETÍ." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192971.
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The main focus of this thesis is the analysis of the development of labor market in the Moravia-Silesian region of the Czech Republic in between 2001 and 2013. The theoretical introduction concentrates on aspects that have influence on the differences between regions and the reasons of regional differences in the Czech Republic specifically focusing on those with direct influence on the labor market. The analysis examines the development of employment and unemployment in the mentioned region and time period. It analyzes factors that influenced this development, especially the industrial restructuralization, change of population structure and the social and pension reforms. Detailed attention is given to changes of local labor market of Havířov city, from the very foundation of the city till present time. Using a detailed labor market and demographic structure analysis, conclusions are made that may lead to potential reduction of the high unemployment rate in the Moravia-Silesian region.
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Kotrbová, Jiřina. "Srovnání postavení imigranta na trhu prace v České republice a v Německu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4521.
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The main goal of this final thesis is the analysis of the immigrant's position on the labor market in the Czech Republic and in Germany. For this purpose the thesis makes a research of particular factors and barriers which immigrants have to deal with on the labor market and define their direct effects. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the integration policy of both countries. Based on performed analysis in the field of immigration and integration the author of the thesis makes a comparison of the attitudes of both countries towards the immigrants with the aim to set up fitting measures for improvement of the immigrant's situation on the Czech labor market. The thesis is divided into theoretical and analytical part. The theoretical part is focused on theoretical solutions in the field of migration, migration policy, integration and discrimination. In analytical part, there is carry out a proper analysis according to the set goals.
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Kušmírek, Michal. "Zamestnávanie cudzincov v Českej republike." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114300.
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The content of this study is the issue of labor force immigration and employment of immigrants in Czech Republic. Thesis is based on economic theory and description of current legislation including the expected development, which are supported by analyses based on data from the Czech statistic agency and respective ministries. The main goal of the thesis is to refute the prejudices of negative consequences of immigration, especially economic migration, and to assess the situation of employment of immigrants in terms of all stakeholders, ie state as the creator of the legislative environment within which labor contract can be concluded, employers, both in terms of legal obligations concerning employment of immigrants as well as possibilities of employment of such group and at last, but not least, the thesis focuses on immigrants themselves, who are undoubtedly the most vulnerable group.
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Šimková, Martina. "Sociální a ekonomické aspekty stárnutí populace ČR." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203731.
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This dissertation thesis deals with an economic evaluation of population ageing in the Czech Republic. The emphasis is put on statistical and economic factors. The issue of population ageing is very wide and it affects many areas of human life. Therefore, it should be perceived in its range. The substance lies in continuity among economic area, health, education, housing, retirement policy and migration policy. Both macroeconomic and social effects of changes in the demographic structure of population should be regularly evaluated. Impacts of demographic ageing are both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative relate to personal life, good health in old age, ensuring an adequate living standard and security of older persons. Similarly, quantitative impacts cover sustainability of funding of the pension system and social and health care systems. The thesis focuses on important factors that are often neglected and that can represent the threat to the proper function of society. On the contrary, there can be found factors acting positively e.g. the issue of labour immigration or integration of older people into the labour market. This dissertation thesis also provides complex statistical and economic view on the issue of population ageing including all key factors and effects on pensions, health, social and demographic area. The aim of the thesis lies is in the synthesis of important factors connected with population ageing and provides statistical assessment of the issue. The thesis provides procedures and methods that are innovative in the Czech Republic.
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Ibishi, Antigona. "Personlig Utvecklings Tjänst : Invandrares upplevelser av inkludering i arbetsmarknaden." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15449.
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Uppsatsenutgör en utvärdering av en kommunal arbetsmarknadspolitisk åtgärd/insatsbenämnt Personlig Utvecklings Tjänst (PUT- tjänst, PUT) som riktas tilllångtidsarbetslösa och socialbidragsberoende invandrare i Uddevalla kommun.Åtgärden/insatsen innebär att ett visst antal individer erhållervisstidsanställning inom kommunens verksamheter i syfte att bland annat fåarbetslivserfarenhet i Sverige och referenser. Syftet med studien är attfördjupa förståelsen för hur några av de som haft PUT- anställning upplevdeden. Deras upplevelser av insatsens/anställningens påverkan på livssituationenavseende ekonomi, sociala nätverk och aktiviteter samt upplevelsen avbemötandet på PUT- arbetsplatserna ställs i centrum. Sålunda fokuseras deintervjuades resonemang kring sin livssituation beträffande övergången frånsocialbidragstagande och långtidsarbetslöshet till visstidsanställning ochegenförsörjning genom insatsen PUT. Studien undersöker också huruvida deintervjuade utökat sitt sociala nätverk till att inkludera fler personer med svenskbakgrund medelst PUT- anställningen. Även de intervjuades upplevelser av PUToch dess betydelse i vägen mot integration i arbetsmarknaden lyfts fram. Kvalitativaintervjuer genomfördes med 10 personer som haft PUT- tjänst med ambitionen att kunnauppnå syftet med studien. I intervjuerna framkom att informanterna upplevdetidsperioden de hade PUT som positiv med särskild betoning på att derasekonomiska situation förbättrades avsevärt. I syfte att bibehålla eller utökaolika former av kapital, använder informanterna olika strategier och de framförupplevelser av stigmatisering och distinktioner av varierande slag. I analysenav resultatet, förenas Bourdieu (1999), Goffman (1972) och Elias och Scotson (1999).Flera konstateranden görs i diskussionsavsnittet och slutsatsen att behov attgenomföra vissa förändringar av insatsen dras, varför det i uppsatsen ocksålämnas förslag på hur PUT skulle kunna förändras i syfte att få ännu kraftigareoch bättre slagkraft på arbetslösheten bland socialbidragstagande ochlångtidsarbetslösa invandrare. I detta sammanhang refereras också till dentidigare forskning som presenteras i uppsatsen, vilken behandlar problemområdetinvandrare och deras inkludering/exkludering från arbetsmarknaden på grund avderas grupptillhörighet.<br>The essay is an evaluation of a local government actionto promote employment / operation called Personlig UtvecklingsTjänst/PUT-tjänst, PUT (Personal Development Employment / PUT- employment)directed to long-term unemployed and welfare dependent immigrants in UddevallaMunicipality. The action / operation means that a certain number of individualsreceive fixed temporary employment inside the municipality's operations/activitiesin order to, inter alia, get work experience in Sweden and references. Thepurpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of how some of those whohave had PUT employment experienced it. Their experiences of the localgovernment action / employment and its impacts on living conditions, ineconomic, social networks and activities, and experience of the encounter onthe PUT workplaces is targeted. The focus is on the interviewees discussionsabout their lives about the transition from welfare dependency and long-termunemployment to fixed-term and self-sufficiency through the action PUT. Thestudy also examines whether the respondents expanded their social networks toinclude more people with Swedish background through the PUT employment. Alsothe interviewees' experiences of the PUT and its importance in the road tointegration into the labor market are highlighted. Qualitative interviews wereconducted with 10 people who had PUT employment with the ambition to achievethe aim of the study. The interviews revealed that respondents felt the timeperiod they had PUT- employment to be positive with special emphasis on theireconomic situation improved considerably. In order to maintain or expandvarious forms of capital, the respondents use different strategies and they expressexperiences of stigma and distinctions of various kinds. The analysis ofresults, combined Bourdieu (1999), Goffman (1972) and Elias and Scotson (1999).Several conclusions were made in the discussion section and settled that theneed to implement certain changes in operation is necessary. Therefore, thepaper also contains proposals on how the PUT could be changed in order to geteven stronger and better clout in unemployment among welfare dependency andlong-term unemployed migrants. In this context is also referred to the previousresearch presented in the paper, which deals with the problem area immigrantsand their inclusion / exclusion from the labor market because of their groupaffiliation.
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Ozguzel, Cem. "Essays on migration and productivity." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E053.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’interaction entre migration et productivité, sous différents angles, à travers trois pays et périodes. Plus précisément, j’étudie les avantages à la mobilité pour les migrants sur le marché du travail en période de crise économique, les gains de productivité dus à la mobilité des migrants lors de la reconstruction d’un pays au lendemain d’une guerre, et les gains associés à une plus forte concentration de la population dans les grandes zones urbaines. J’aborde ces sujets à la fois théoriquement et empiriquement, en utilisant de riches données confidentielles sur la sécurité sociale provenant d’Espagne, d’Allemagne et de Turquie, en utilisant diverses techniques de données de panel ainsi que des instruments historiques pour estimer des relations causales. Les résultats de ces études portent sur de nombreuses questions qui intéressent à la fois le monde universitaire et les décideurs politiques, mais sur lesquelles on sait encore peu de choses. Cette thèse vise à contribuer à améliorer nos connaissances sur des questions qui demeureront pertinentes dans un avenir proche<br>This dissertation explores the interaction between migration and productivity, through multiple angles, across three different countries and period contexts. Specifically, I study the labor market benefits of migrant mobility during an economic crisis, productivity gains due to migrant mobility in the reconstruction of a country in the aftermath of a war, and gains associated with a higher concentration of people in larger urban areas. I address these subjects both theoretically and empirically, using rich confidential social security data from Spain, Germany, and Turkey, applying a variety of panel data techniques and historical instruments to estimate causal relationships. The findings of these studies relate to many issues that interest both the academia and the policymakers yet on which little is known. This dissertation aims to contribute to knowledge gap on issues that will remain relevant foreseeable future
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Nguyen, Thi-Trinh, and 阮氏貞. "The Employment History and Stigma Management of Migrant Female Vietnamese Masseuses." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yeg6kq.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>社會學系碩士班<br>106<br>Against the backdrop of “the commodification of cross-border marriages”, Vietnamese brides are often predisposed to be engaged in “bogus marriages for purposes of prostitution”. Due to different personal, financial, and social reasons or limitations, some of them choose to work in the massage industry which requires the body work of physical contact with male customers. Female immigrants who work in massage industry are often envisaged and suspected to be associated with the sex industry and therefore bear the “zuo hei de” (selling sex illegally or privately) social stigma, a label which also results from the classification of ethnicity, gender, and social class. This study focused on 14 Vietnamese immigrants who work as masseuses, aiming to probe into the mental journey of these Vietnamese brides who turned to the massage industry from other industries, and how they manage the "stigma" when practicing this physical labour.
There are six research findings: (1) Vietnamese female immigrants, even those who had received higher education from universities in Vietnam, tend to experience downward mobility in social class, due to factors such as ethnicity, gender, and social class, as well as the language barrier an d the lack of social support. (2) They entered the massage industry via their connection with the special ethnic network. (3) Their choice to enter this industry is closely related to factors such as personal survival needs and familial economic burden. (4) Vietnamese masseuses try to distinguish themselves from sex workers and erotic masseuses by making statements like “I’m not the kind of masseuse you may call on at discretion” or “I’m in the clean trade”. (5) The female immigrants working as masseuses also seek to exhibit their professionalism and vocational expertise by pursuing vocational advancement studies, acquiring professional certificates, and performing emotional labour to help people with heath preservation and health care, as well as to develop a proper mode of interaction with customers. (6) Massage as a way of family interaction may also help them play the socially expected role of a “good woman”. Through these stigma management strategies, they may develop their professional self-identities.