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Ginting, Bengkel, Tuti Atika, and Februati Trimurni. "The Existence of Migrants as Farm Workers in The Shift in The Post- Covid-19 Industrial Landscape in Berastagi Sub-District, Karo Regency." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 19 (October 10, 2023): 987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.93.
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In Karo District, migrants who work as agricultural laborers have more excellent job opportunities and business opportunities; however, judging from their income conditions, housing conditions, and ability to send their children to school, they are still classified as poor. The existence of Migrants who work as agricultural laborers face problems and challenges in changing the industrial landscape after COVID-19. The marginalization of Farm Workers in Berastagi City is due to the narrower working area. Many landowners sell them to agro-investors or develop them in a renewable way using technology that replaces labor. Hard work in it. This article uses qualitative research, a research process, and an understanding based on a methodology investigating social phenomena and human problems. Research on the study of migrant workers is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of their economic, social, and cultural contributions, as well as the challenges they face. This knowledge can inform evidence-based policies, promote social justice, improve healthcare access, and foster inclusive societies that benefit both migrant workers and their host countries. This article comprehensively reveals the facts in the Berastagi City, Karo Regency field, which is dominated by agricultural landscapes of vegetables, fruits, and plantations. Three things cause the marginalization of migrant farm workers in the Berastagi District, namely lack of skills, lack of education, and age which are classified as elderly. However, the thing that is most affected is the lack of land to be creative or adapt to changes in the agricultural and industrial landscape.
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Morales Trujillo, Graciela, and Guillermina Natera Rey. "¿Por qué migrar? La realidad de una comunidad de jornaleros agrícolas migrantes en México." Clivajes. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 14 (April 3, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/clivajes-rcs.v0i14.2671.
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Este artículo analiza el porqué de la migración de campesinos e indígenas convertidos en jornaleros agrícolas en México, un tema de suma importancia, ya que, de acuerdo con autores como Barrón y Hernández (2016), para muchas comunidades y familias rurales e indígenas, la migración interna representa la única estrategia de supervivencia en el país. Para abordar el tema, se da cuenta de la realización de un estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico y técnicas de recolección de datos como la observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas, cuyos resultados se sometieron a un análisis temático. De acuerdo con este estudio, los jornaleros agrícolas del Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, migran por tres razones principales: pobreza, tradición migratoria y violencia, con la característica de que se desplazan en unidades familiares, en una migración circular permanente. Palabras clave: Migración Interna, Jornaleros Agrícolas, Pobreza, Violencia Why migrate? The reality of a community of migrant farm laborers in MexicoSummaryThis article analyzes the reasons for the migration of peasants and indigenous people who have become agricultural laborers in Mexico, an issue of utmost importance, since, according to authors such as Barrón and Hernández (2016), for many rural and indigenous communities and families, the internal migration represents the only survival strategy in the country. To address the issue, a qualitative study with an ethnographic approach and data collection techniques such as participant observation and semi-structured interviews was carried out, whose results were subjected to a thematic analysis. According to this study, agricultural laborers from Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, migrate for three main reasons: poverty, migratory tradition and violence, with the characteristic that they move in family units, in a permanent circular migration.Keywords: Internal migration, Agricultural laborers, Poverty, Violence Pourquoi migrer? La réalité d’une communauté de journaliers agricoles migrants au MexiqueRésuméCet article analyse la raison de la migration de paysans et indigènes devenus journaliers agricoles au Mexique, un thème de grande importance car selon quelques auteurs comme Barrón et Hernández (2016), pour beaucoup de communautés et familles rurales et indigènes, la migration interne représente la seule stratégie de survivance dans le pays. Pour aborder le thème, on rend compte de la réalisation d’une étude qualitative avec une approche ethnographique et des techniques de recollection de données comme l’observation participative et des interviews semi structurées dont les résultats ont été analysés thématiquement. Selon cette étude, les journaliers agricoles de Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, migrent à cause de trois raisons principales : pauvreté, tradition migratoire et violence, avec la caractéristique qu’ils se déplacent en unité circulaire permanente.Mots clés : Migration Interne, Journaliers Agricoles, Pauvreté, Violence
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Echeverría González, María del Rocío, Alma Cecilia Ángeles Balcázar, and Adela Miranda Madrid. "TRACES OF LIFE: SIMPLE HUMAN DWELLINGS FOR MIGRANT AGRICULTURAL DAY LABORERS IN MEXICO." Textual, no. 74 (December 5, 2019): 311–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.textual.2019.74.10.
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Seneduangdeth, Dexanourath, Kiengkay Ounmany, Saithong Phommavong, Kabmanivanh Phouxay, and Keophouthon Hathalong. "LABOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN COFFEE PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 2, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v2i1.1362.
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General debate on the issue of labor employment is related to employment opportunity, pattern of labor employment, the contribution to labor employment, and the impact of labor employment on livelihoods. This paper examines labor employment opportunities through different ethnic perspectives, especially labor employment opportunities in coffee production, a non-traditional agricultural export (NTAE) product, as a case. The objectives of this study are to investigate the pattern of labor employment and to examine the impacts of the employment on the labor livelihoods. Qualitative method was applied to collect empirical data in four villages and five coffee planter-exporter companies in Pakxong District, Champasak Province, and Lao Ngam District, Salavanh Province, Lao PDR. Stakeholder consultation was held in relation to promotion of NTAE. Data analysis for this paper includes thematic analysis and narrative method. Findings show that there are many patterns of labor employment in coffee production: daily paid employment, monthly paid employment, and contracting employment. Wage laborers are from different ethnic groups who live in the same village, villages from outside, nearby villages, districts in the same province, and other provinces. Generally, the employment provides laborer with benefits. The laborers receive wage income and other additional benefits from employment in coffee production. The laborers benefit the most from a monthly salary and contracted employment compared to daily paid employment. The monthly paid employment secures employment status, provides additional benefits including welfare schemes such as medical care, accommodation, food provision, and telecommunication fees. The laborers, however, prefer to work as daily labor which provides incentive and is flexible for both the laborers and employers. In addition, migrant laborers experienced some negative impacts on their livelihood while working in a coffee garden such as working long hours, changing living style, and conflict with colleague workers and employers. The study suggests that related public and private agencies have to work closely with the farmers to regulate their workers’ employment conditions to be in line with the national labor code of conduct.
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Anderlini, Jacopo, and Luca Queirolo Palmas. "Camps archipelago: an ethnography of migrant agricultural laborers in the potato harvesting in rural Sicily." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 1 (March 2023): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2023-001009.
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The presence of migrant workers in the agricultural system of Southern Italy is cur-rently an essential element of this economic area. This increasing presence is deep-ly linked with the transformations occurred to agricultural markets and hence on the mode of production and distribution, not only in Italy or in Europe but at a global level. Moving from this context, the article focuses on the articulation of spaces and time of production and reproduction of the seasonal agricultural work proposing an analytical distinction according to camps, their functions, characteris-tics and interconnections. The research methodology highlights the threads and circulations of migrant subjectivities, in their different activities – labor, leisure, so-cial relations – along these camps through a multi-sited ethnography which con-siders as a case study the seasonal potato harvest in the Siracusa area. These camps can be subdivided into four different types, based on the functions they fulfill: the "scattered camp", the "sanctuary", the "plantation", the "institutional camp". The porosity among these different camp typologies represents a crucial element. We define archipelago of camps the flourishing of formal and informal encampments and sanctuaries, densely intertwined and reciprocally influencing one another, emerging from the contentious or fruitful encounters of the actors in the field.
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Clark, Gabrielle E. "Coercion and Contract at the Margins: Deportable Labor and the Laws of Employment Termination Under US Capitalism (1942–2015)." Law & Social Inquiry 43, no. 03 (2018): 618–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12255.
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In 1917, Congress created the status of temporary labor migrant. A new kind of restricted worker born from nineteenth-century free labor politics, employer and citizen worker demands under modern liberal capitalism, and state labor market regulation, temporary migrants have always had an employer-dependent legal status and been subject to deportation. Yet, since 1942, changing rights and legal processes have governed migrant employment termination across sectors. By drawing on employment cases from archival and unpublished files made available to me under FOIA, and court decisions, I compare the impact of laws of employment termination on deportable laborers beginning in 1942, when government agencies planned migration, and under privatized migration after 1964. From agriculture and war to today's service and knowledge economies, I demonstrate how employment rights have always shaped deportable workers' legal status. Yet, I also show how today's rights and legal processes, in contrast to the past, hardly mitigate employer control over migrants under contemporary capitalism.
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Norris, Jim. "Growing up Growing Sugar: Local Teenage Labor in the Sugar Beet Fields, 1958–1974." Agricultural History 79, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 298–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-79.3.298.
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Abstract The 1950s are often described as an anxious period in American history. Sometimes that anxiety was fed by fears about juvenile delinquency. In the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, public apprehension was fueled also from an influx of Mexican people brought to the region by the rapidly expanding sugar beet industry. To address these perceived threats, state and local public officials, civic organizations, and the sugar industry launched a campaign to replace Mexican migrant laborers with local teenage workers. Hence, the number of Mexican people in the region would be reduced significantly, while teenagers were provided jobs that would keep them out of trouble. The Youth Beet Program (YBP) failed as a barrier to Mexican migrants; the teens simply could not produce as well as the migrants. The communities did believe the YBP helped discourage juvenile delinquent behavior. Therefore, the YBP functioned into the 1970s.
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Roberts, Kenneth D. "China's “Tidal Wave” of Migrant Labor: What Can we Learn from Mexican Undocumented Migration to the United States?" International Migration Review 31, no. 2 (June 1997): 249–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100201.
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The purpose of this article is to place Chinese labor migration from agriculture within the context of the literature on labor mobility in developing countries by comparing it to undocumented Mexican migration to the United States. The similarities fall within three general areas: the migration process, the economic and social position of migrants at their destination, and the agrarian structure and process of agricultural development that has perpetuated circular migration. The last section of the article draws upon these similarities, as well as differences between the two countries, to generate predictions concerning the development of labor migration in China. A fifteen-car train arrived in Shanghai from the city of Fuyang in Anhui Province on February 14. On board were 2,850 laborers from outside the municipality, signaling the beginning of the spring labor influx. Of this group, most were between 20 and 30 years of age, and more than half had never left their home villages before. Most will stay in Shanghai, while others will head to Hangzhou, Wenzhou, Ningbo, and Changshou to seek work. The Shanghai Public Security Department already has prepared a number of vehicles to transport laborers to other places outside the city, and the Shanghai police have strengthened their forces to keep public order. (FBIS, 1994d)
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Monaghan, Paul F., Carol A. Bryant, Julie A. Baldwin, Yiliang Zhu, Boubakari Ibrahimou, Jason D. Lind, Ricardo B. Contreras, Antonio Tovar, Tirso Moreno, and Robert J. Mcdermott. "Using Community-Based Prevention Marketing to Improve Farm Worker Safety." Social Marketing Quarterly 14, no. 4 (November 26, 2008): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000802477607.
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Community-based prevention marketing (CBPM) combines a powerful planning framework, social marketing, with community organization principles to design behavior change programs. In southwest Florida, a coalition comprised of citrus workers and their employers, health providers, and academic researchers is using CBPM to identify occupational health issues among agricultural laborers, conduct community-based participatory research, and design culturally appropriate interventions. This article describes how this coalition was able to apply CBPM successfully to develop and implement an occupational safety program to prevent eye injuries among migrant farm workers. Lessons learned from this project and implications for designing and disseminating occupational safety programs for other agricultural workers are discussed.
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Ge, Pengfei, Tan Liu, Xiaoxu Wu, and Xiulu Huang. "Heterogenous Urbanization and Agricultural Green Development Efficiency: Evidence from China." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 5682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075682.
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Realizing green development in agriculture is fundamental to sustained economic development. As a measure to facilitate the transfer of rural population, urbanization is considered to be strategic in promoting agricultural green development. This paper employs a SBM-DDF–Luenberger method to measure agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP) and the agricultural labor surplus in China, and empirically tests the heterogeneous effects of household registration urbanization, permanent residence urbanization, and employment urbanization on the efficiency of agricultural green development. The results reveal that: (1) the average annual growth rate of China’s AGFTP is 4.4374%, which is achieved mainly through improvements in green scale efficiency. (2) The agricultural sector in China is suffering a large surplus of labor force, with an estimation of 20.64 million in 2020. (3) Both household registration urbanization and permanent residence urbanization have a significant promoting effect on agricultural green development efficiency, though the former promotes less. (4) Employment urbanization improves agricultural green development efficiency by providing employment guidance for migrant workers, and employment urbanization of the tertiary industry has a more pronounced improvement effect. The findings suggest that governments remove restrictions on the household registration system and actively guide surplus agricultural laborers to engage in urban service industries to provide an impetus for promoting green agricultural development.
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McInnis, Jarvis C. "A Corporate Plantation Reading Public: Labor, Literacy, and Diaspora in the Global Black South." American Literature 91, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 523–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-7722116.
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Abstract This essay reconstructs the history of the Cotton Farmer, a rare African American newspaper edited and published by black tenant farmers employed by the Delta and Pine Land Company, once the world’s largest corporate cotton plantation located in the Mississippi delta. The Cotton Farmer ran from 1919 to circa 1927 and was mainly confined to the company’s properties. However, in 1926, three copies of the paper circulated to Bocas del Toro, Panama, to a Garveyite and West Indian migrant laborer employed on the infamous United Fruit Company’s vast banana and fruit plantations. Tracing the Cotton Farmer’s hemispheric circulation from the Mississippi delta to Panama, this essay explores the intersections of labor, literacy, and diaspora in the global black south. What do we make of a reading public among black tenant farmers on a corporate cotton plantation in the Mississippi delta at the height of Jim Crow? How did the entanglements of labor and literacy at once challenge and correspond with conventional accounts of sharecropping in the Jim Crow South? Further, in light of the Cotton Farmer’s circulation from Mississippi’s cotton fields to Panama’s banana fields, this essay establishes the corporate plantation as a heuristic for exploring the imperial logics and practices tying the US South to the larger project of colonial domination in the Caribbean and Latin America, and ultimately reexamines black transnationalism and diaspora from the position of corporate plantation laborers as they negotiated ever-evolving modes of domination and social control on corporate plantations in the global black south. In so doing, it establishes black agricultural and corporate plantation laborers as architects of black geographic thought and diasporic practice alongside their urban, cosmopolitan contemporaries.
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RUSSELL, MINDI D., MARIA T. CORREA, CHRISTINE E. STAUBER, and JULIE A. KASE. "North Carolina Hispanic Farmworkers and Intestinal Parasitism: A Pilot Study of Prevalence and Health-Related Practices,and Potential Means of Foodborne Transmission." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.5.985.
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Migrant and seasonal farmworkers provide much of the necessary labor to harvest and process agricultural commodities desired by consumers. Little is known about the health status (especially the parasitic burden) of farm laborers, who handpick agricultural items such as fruits and vegetables, despite being implicated as a means of foodborne pathogen transmission. The goal of this research was to develop a framework to investigate enteric parasitic infections among Hispanic farmworkers in Eastern North Carolina. Seventy-one interviews were conducted, 16 stool samples were collected, and two parasite-positive workers were found. In addition, some potentially harmful health practices (e.g., self-medication) were identified. Further research is necessary to fully understand the scope of farmworker health issues and the potential risk of disseminating foodborne pathogens to humans. The study model presented provides a geographically expandable format to allow for various types of health investigations including the prevalence of other pathogens.
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Santhakumar, Aridoss, Malathi Mathiyazhakan, Nagaraj Jaganathasamy, Balsubramanian Ganesh, N. Manikandan, VM Padmapriya, Angel Monika, Joseph K. David, Arvind Kumar, and Elangovan Arumugam. "Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with HIV Infection among Pregnant Women in Odisha State, India." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 9, no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.366.
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Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in HIV prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Odisha State, India.
Methods: Data were from the HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS) among pregnant women, a descriptive cross-sectional study using consecutive sampling method and conducted in India. Data and samples were collected from pregnant women attending select antenatal clinics that act as designated sentinel sites in Odisha State, India, during the three months surveillance period and in three surveillance years: 2013, 2015, and 2017. All eligible pregnant women aged between 15 and 49 years, attending the sentinel sites for the first time during the surveillance period, were included. Information on their socio-demographic characteristics and blood samples were also collected.
Results: In total, 38,384 eligible pregnant women were included in the survey. Of these, 107 women were HIV positive, with an overall prevalence of 0.28%. HIV prevalence indicated a stabilizing trend between 2013 and 2017. However, pregnant women whose spouses were non-agricultural laborers, truck drivers, or migrants were significantly at higher risk of being infected. Likewise, HIV prevalence significantly increased over the years among pregnant women whose spouses were in the service sector (government or private). District-wise fluctuations in HIV prevalence was observed, with the district of Cuttack recording the highest prevalence among the districts.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Women who are spouses of non-agricultural laborers, truck drivers or migrants need focused interventions, such as creating awareness on HIV and its prevention. Migration, due to poverty and its impact on sexually transmitted diseases among migrants from low and middle-income countries, have been documented globally. Single male migrant specific interventions are recommended to halt the disease progression among pregnant women and general population in Odisha, India.
Key words: • HIV sentinel surveillance • Pregnant women • HIV prevalence • Socio-demographic factor • Odisha • India
Copyright © 2020 Santhakumar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unre-stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
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Castañeda, Sheila F., Rene Perez Rosenbaum, Patricia Gonzalez, and Jessica T. Holscher. "Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Rural Midwestern Latina Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 3, no. 2 (January 10, 2012): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131911422913.
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Background: While cancer control and prevention efforts are well documented, limited information on this topic exists for Latina farmworkers in the rural Midwest. This study sought to examine correlates of breast cancer and cervical cancer screening practices of English- and Spanish-speaking Latina farmworkers in Michigan. Methods: Survey and anthropometric data were collected from a community-based cross-sectional sample of 173 Latina agricultural laborers in Michigan. Psychosocial-cultural and socioeconomic variables were examined as predictors of mammography and Papanicolaou screening. Findings: Results showed that individual characteristics that were significantly associated with having a Papanicolaou examination in the last 12 months included having higher language-based acculturation (odds ratio = 3.81), having ever done a breast self-examination (odds ratio = 2.82), and having health insurance (odds ratio = 5.58). Conclusions: Acculturation, insurance, and performance of breast self-examination were key correlates of recent cervical cancer screening among Midwest Latina farmworkers. Findings suggest that education and targeted outreach strategies for Spanish-speaking Latina farmworker women in rural settings are urgently needed.
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Ayehu, Animen, Yibeltal Aschale, Wossenseged Lemma, Animut Alebel, Ligabaw Worku, Ayalew Jejaw, and Abebe Genetu Bayih. "Seroprevalence of AsymptomaticLeishmania donovaniamong Laborers and Associated Risk Factors in Agricultural Camps of West Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Parasitology Research 2018 (November 28, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5751743.
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Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called kala-azar) is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially in sesame and sorghum growing areas. Compared to other populations, labor migrants are the most exposed. Knowing the seroprevalence ofLeishmania donovaniand associated risk factors is essential to design appropriate control measures. The main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers and associated risk factors in agricultural camps of West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofL. donovaniinfection.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 laborers from October to December 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants from selected agricultural camps. After obtaining written informed consent, data were collected using a structured pretested Amharic version questionnaire using the interview technique. A single finger prick blood sample was collected from the study participants and the blood samples were subjected to the serological diagnostic method using the rk39 kit. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated withL. donovaniinfection.Result. Among 185 participants examined using rk39, 14 (7.6%) were seroreactive forL. donovani.Leishmania donovaniinfection had a statistically significant association with sleeping underBalanitestrees (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 1.186-16.06), presence of domestic animals near sleeping place (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.25-17.56), and lack of knowledge about VL transmission (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07-13.47).Conclusion. Seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers in agricultural camps of West Armachiho was low. Prevention measures and health education about risk factors that expose toL. donovaniinfection for the laborers are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.
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Prause, Louisa. "Digital Agriculture and Labor: A Few Challenges for Social Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 5980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115980.
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Academic and political debates on the digitalization of agriculture have addressed sustainability mainly from an ecological perspective. Social sustainability, particularly questions of labor, has been largely neglected in the literature thus far. This is particularly problematic since digitalization could fundamentally change farming practices and labor processes on farms, with possibly far-reaching consequences for rural development, rural communities as well as migrant laborers. Looking at the case study of Germany, this article asks how digital technologies are changing labor processes on horticultural and arable farms. The aim of this paper is to bring labor into the debates around agriculture and digitalization and to offer a detailed picture of the impacts of digital technologies on labor in agriculture. The case study builds on fourteen in-depth interviews conducted from June 2020 to March 2021, participant observation, and digital ethnography. The results show new forms of labor control and an intensification of the work process linked to methods of digital Taylorism, as well as risks of working-class fragmentation along age lines. A deskilling of workers or farmers due to digitalization has not been observed. The suggestion of an increased dependency of workers due to the loss of employment opportunities in agriculture is contested. The results stress the importance of designing agricultural policies that foster fair and equitable working conditions.
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Yi, Pan, Li Xin, and Sheng Yu Guo. "Thinking of Village Construction in Central Region under the Context of Labor Migration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (January 2014): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.666.
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China’s 30 years’ rapid urbanization process is not a usual one but a particular process promoted in the dual social-economic structure like household registration policy and land system, According to the sixth census, China's floating population has reached 261 million, that is, among every three Chinese city's residents, there is one person belonging to the “Migrant-urbanization” group made up of migrant peasant workers. Large number of rural labor migration, on the one hand, it causes false components in the process of urbanization, on the other hand, it brings a lot of problems to village construction of the central region which is considered as population exporter. It also somehow gradually formed the result of the "amphibious" population who was not engaged in agricultural production, localization tendency of rural industries, sidelined agriculture, and the disordered development of towns and villages. This paper is based on the background that regional labor movement from backward areas to developed coastal areas.Furthermore, this paper analyzes both the positive effects and the negative impact of labor migration which brought about to the construction of the central region village in China. Finally, this paper proposed three strategies about construction of the central region village in China with the aim to contribute to the much better sustainable development of rural villages and improve the co-development of both the rural and urban areas, first, how to arrange the surplus rural laborers; how to make rural land use more economically and intensively; and how to balance the development of urban and rural areas.
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Preibisch, Kerry, and Gerardo Otero. "Does Citizenship Status Matter in Canadian Agriculture? Workplace Health and Safety for Migrant and Immigrant Laborers." Rural Sociology 79, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 174–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12043.
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Mahmudi, Muhammad, and Ririh Yudhastuti. "Pattern of Clinical Medication Seeking for Import Malaria by Migrant Workers." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v3i2.2015.230-241.
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ABSTRACTNumber of malaria cases in Kabupaten Trenggalek in 2014 is 89 cases, and 83 cases are import malaria from migrant workers. Import malaria is transmitted across two areas and affects the clinical medication seeking. This research wants to describe the pattern of clinical medication seeking for import malaria by migrant workers in Puskesmas Pandean working area. This was cross sectional study with descriptive quantitative approach. Research’s sample is 26 import malaria sufferers in 2013–2015 who has chosen purposively with inclusion criteria. Interview had used to get information about characteristics, place felt the symptom, first clinical medication seeking (place and time), clinical diagnosis, medication follow up, and recovery status. The result of the research shows 100% respondent is man and the age about 20-30 years old (53,8) who is working as agricultural laborers outside Java. Mostly of respondent feel the malaria symptoms in their working place (53,8%). The day seeks clinical medication at day three after symptom (34, 6%). Respondents that feel the symptom in Puskesmas Pandean working area chose Puskesmas as clinical medication place (42,3%), and hospital (19,2%) for them whose experience the malaria symptom in their working area. Puskesmas is chosen as clinical diagnosis place (69%) and only 11,5% respondent got medication follow up. Puskesmas is chosen as intermediate clinical medication place (60%) for 19,2% respondent that is not recovered well, although 20% go to Dukun. All of respondent chose the clinical medication as their prime medication. Need to make medication follow up visitation well complete.Keyword: pattern, clinical medication, import malaria, migrant worker
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Mahmudi, Muhammad, and Ririh Yudhastuti. "Pattern of Clinical Medication Seeking for Import Malaria by Migrant Workers." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v3i22015.230-241.
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Number of malaria cases in Kabupaten Trenggalek in 2014 is 89 cases, and 83 cases are import malaria from migrant workers. Import malaria is transmitted across two areas and affects the clinical medication seeking. This research wants to describe the pattern of clinical medication seeking for import malaria by migrant workers in Puskesmas Pandean working area. This was cross sectional study with descriptive quantitative approach. Research’s sample is 26 import malaria sufferers in 2013–2015 who has chosen purposively with inclusion criteria. Interview had used to get information about characteristics, place felt the symptom, first clinical medication seeking (place and time), clinical diagnosis, medication follow up, and recovery status. The result of the research shows 100% respondent is man and the age about 20-30 years old (53,8) who is working as agricultural laborers outside Java. Mostly of respondent feel the malaria symptoms in their working place (53,8%). The day seeks clinical medication at day three after symptom (34, 6%). Respondents that feel the symptom in Puskesmas Pandean working area chose Puskesmas as clinical medication place (42,3%), and hospital (19,2%) for them whose experience the malaria symptom in their working area. Puskesmas is chosen as clinical diagnosis place (69%) and only 11,5% respondent got medication follow up. Puskesmas is chosen as intermediate clinical medication place (60%) for 19,2% respondent that is not recovered well, although 20% go to Dukun. All of respondent chose the clinical medication as their prime medication. Need to make medication follow up visitation well complete.Keyword: pattern, clinical medication, import malaria, migrant worker
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Lamberti-Castronuovo, Alessandro, Jeremy A. Pine, Giorgio Brogiato, and Hans-Friedemann Kinkel. "Agricultural Migrants’ Health and Ability to Access Care: A Case Study in Southern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 12615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312615.
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Although a large amount of research exists about migration into the European Union (EU) and the role of migrants in European society, relatively little information is available on the health status of migrants after arriving in the EU. This is particularly true in the case of the most marginalised migrants, migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, who work as itinerant laborers harvesting fruits and vegetables in southern Italy. This study analyzes demographic and health data gathered by a non-governmental organization-run primary healthcare clinic in order to understand the challenges these migrants face when trying to maintain their health. Results show that their health suffers greatly due to substandard living and working conditions, partially due to the fact that these individuals experience many barriers when trying to access care from the national health system. The health status of this population cannot improve without broad reforms to the welfare system and the agricultural sector. Government action is needed to ensure that such individuals are not denied their basic human rights and freedoms, including the right to health.
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Roces, Mina. "“These Guys Came Out Looking Like Movie Actors”." Pacific Historical Review 85, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 532–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2016.85.4.532.
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This article analyzes the dress and consumption practices of the first generation of Filipino male migrants to the United States who arrived from 1906 until the end of World War II. It argues that Filipino migrant men used dress and consumption practices to fashion new identities that rejected their working selves as a lower-class marginal group. The contrast between the utilitarian clothes worn during working hours and the formal suit accentuated the sartorial transformation from lower-class agricultural laborer or Alaskan cannery worker to fashionable dandy and temporarily erased the stigma of manual labor. Two groups of well-dressed Filipino men behaved in contradictory ways: as binge consumers and as anti-consumers. Collectively, Filipino consumption practices that included dress challenged the parameters of social exclusion.
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Bam, Kiran, Rajshree Thapa, Marielle Sophia Newman, Lokesh Prasad Bhatt, and Shree Krishna Bhatta. "Sexual Behavior and Condom Use among Seasonal Dalit Migrant Laborers to India from Far West, Nepal: A Qualitative Study." PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2013): e74903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074903.
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Zhou, Bo, and Yumeng Zhong. "Instability in the Cross-Border Labor Market: A Study on the High Job Turnover of Migrant Workers from Rural Vietnam to Rural China." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 17, 2022): 7447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127447.
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Tens of thousands of Vietnamese workers have entered the agriculture, forestry, foreign trade, and manufacturing industries in rural Chongzuo of the Guangxi autonomous region. However, over 70% of these cross-border Vietnamese workers resign at least once a month. This study applies a survival analysis on the registration data of cross-border Vietnamese workers in 2019 to investigate the main drives of high job turnover. A Kaplan–Meier plot shows that the 30-day valid period of work permits is an important source of the frequent resignation of Vietnamese workers. A Cox regression analysis presents that Vietnamese laborers working in manufacturing, working in the sugarcane industry, or from the seven Vietnam provinces closest to Chongzuo have lower risks of turnover. This study implies that Chongzuo should bring in more manufacturing enterprises, expand work permit valid periods, and offer migrant workers vocational training.
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Jyoti Singh and Prof. Pratibha Tyagi. "Theme of Alienation in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men." Creative Launcher 6, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.5.15.
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Of Mice and Men (1937) is a novella written by Steinbeck. He has expressed his strong concern for the impoverished and disadvantaged, particularly migrant labourers. He depicts believable individuals in this work to show a glorious past. He has been acquainted with the poor, notably migrant agricultural laborers, both American and Mexican, since arriving in California in the 1930s, and has written from their perspective. His main purpose is to provide a genuine portrait of these people. One of Steinbeck’s most recurring themes is loneliness. Every character in Of Mice and Men, for example, is dealing with loneliness and isolation in some way; the two main characters, George and Lennie, have no families, no social circle, and no background to speak of. They've displaced ranch employees who appear out of nowhere at the start of the tale, with nowhere else to turn but each other. They currently constitute a single entity, each complementing the other. But Lennie is physically strong but intellectually frail, George is mentally strong but physically frail; Lennie is a spendthrift, whereas George is a saver. Lennie has no notion what the ramifications of his actions will be; he acts on instinct. George, on the other hand, is always trying to restrict him and giving him advice on the dos and don’ts of social interaction. Even this George and Lennie team is shattered by the novel's conclusion when George is compelled to murder Lennie to spare him from a far more terrible death. George’s loneliness and isolation must be palpable now that Lennie isn't at his side to keep him company and make him feel alive.
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Martínez, Samuel. "From Hidden Hand to Heavy Hand: Sugar, the State, and Migrant Labor in Haiti and the Dominican Republic." Latin American Research Review 34, no. 1 (1999): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100024304.
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AbstractFor more than a century, the Dominican sugar industry has hosted seasonal immigrations of neighboring Caribbean islanders as harvest laborers (most recently, Haitians). This migrant labor system is fully comparable to systems of labor control after slavery in other parts of the Caribbean. But the regional historical trend toward more liberal labor relations in commercial agriculture seems largely to have been reversed in the case of Dominican sugar. Between the 1930s and 1960s, the recruitment and employment of harvest labor changed from something resembling free wage labor into a government-managed system of semicoerced exploitation. Processes of state formation in Haiti and the Dominican Republic are crucial in explaining this transformation. Fuller understanding of historical change in the case at hand is afforded by broadening the scope of inquiry beyond the direct confrontation between labor and estate owners and by recognizing that governments and their agents have not always acted in accordance with private agro-industrial interests.
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Guo, Shijie, Guichang Liu, Qi Zhang, Fang Zhao, and Guomin Ding. "Improvement in the Poverty Status of Ecological Migrants under the Urban Resettlement Model: An Empirical Study in China." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 8, 2020): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052084.
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As a major measure of ecological environment protection, ecological migration addresses the conflict between humans and the ecological environment. The Urban Resettlement Model is a prevalent resettlement model used by the Chinese government to try to alleviate poverty brought about by the ecological environment by promoting migration. This study initially explored the mechanism of influencing the livelihoods of relocated households in the Urban Resettlement Model by analyzing questionnaire data obtained from farmers in the resettlement area of Nangqian County. The coarsened exact matching (CEM) model was used to control the influence of confounding factors in the observation data. Next, a disordered multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact and effect of the Urban Resettlement Model on the livelihoods of the relocated non-agricultural farmers and poor relocated households. The results show that the Urban Resettlement Model has a significant promotion effect on the non-agricultural livelihoods of the relocated farmers. For all relocated households, the presence of medical facilities exhibited a significant promotion effect on the non-agricultural livelihoods of the relocated farmers. For poor relocated households, convenient transportation facilities facilitated the pursuit of non-agricultural livelihoods such as migrant work. However, industrial support, employment support, or training had no statistically significant effects on all relocated households or poor relocated households. The number of family laborers and communication costs were significant promoting influences for all relocated households and poor relocated households to engage in part-time and non-agricultural livelihoods. There was a certain impact of relocation time on livelihood choice for the relocated farmers, but there was no significant impact for poor relocated households. Based on these findings, the following suggestions are proposed. Supporting industries should be provided and industrial transformation and upgrading efforts should be strengthened during the application of the Urban Resettlement Model to create job opportunities for relocated people. Additionally, enhanced construction of basic infrastructure, including transportation, medical care, and communication systems is required. The results of this work should facilitate the effective improvement of administration of the ecological resettlement environmental protection policy system.
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Bhattarai, Keshav, Mahmoud Yousef, Alice Greife, and S. Naraharisetti. "Influence of Topography on Sustainable Land Management: An Analysis of Socioeconomic and Ecodemographic Conditions of Nepal." Agriculture 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10060224.
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Around 6 to 8 million young Nepali, working abroad as migrant laborers, are contributing remittances of about 28% of the annual gross domestic product of Nepal. However, due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, Nepal is not only going to lose a significant portion of remittances but will also face the Herculean task of creating employment for the workforce who may return to Nepal. This paper discusses sustainable options for the Nepali government to help create employment for its citizens in Nepal through the revitalization of fallow lands and other potential agricultural areas, which are below a 15° slope. The land-use and land-cover data for the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s are derived from the classification of satellite images. These classified and resampled 30 m × 30 m images along with the 30 × 30 m elevation data are brought to the Kibana Platform within the Amazon Web Service (AWS) to analyze the status of land-use and -cover conditions for the 1980 to 2010 period within nine different slope classes at an interval of 5° slope. Our findings suggest there have been massive conversions of forested areas for agricultural land at lower slope areas between 1980 and 2000, but the trend began to reverse from 2000 to 2010 as trees started coming back to the fallow agricultural lands. This happened mainly because, during the countrywide Maoist insurgency period (1996–2006), many youth first took shelter in various urban centers away from their natal homes and then emigrated to foreign countries for remittance purposes. As a result, many farmlands became fallow and barren, and agricultural productivity decreased. Consequently, Nepal, an exporter of rice and pulses until the late 1980s, started importing food grain each year. The major goals of this research are to explore: (a) if Nepal can self-sustain in agricultural products by utilizing potential agricultural lands below a 15° slope in various geographic regions; (b) the means for productively engaging the youth returning to the country; and (c) methods of reinvigorating the ecosystem services of Nepal to support sustainable development.
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Bai, Yunli, Tianhao Zhou, Zhiyuan Ma, and Linxiu Zhang. "Does road accessibility benefit rural poor? Evidence on the extent of household off-farm employment from 2004 to 2018." China Agricultural Economic Review 13, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 639–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-06-2020-0150.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of infrastructure on the income growth and poverty reduction of rural household in China by estimating the impact of road accessibility on the extent of household off-farm employment and its heterogeneous effects among the groups with different income level and earning capacity.Design/methodology/approachUsing nationally representative panel data collected in 100 villages about 2000 households across five provinces in 2005, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2019. This study adopts Tobit model with panel data, zero-inflated Poisson model and static nonbalanced panel model to yield consistent results.FindingsWe find that road accessibility generally has no effect on the number of off-farm laborers and duration of off-farm employment. However, road accessibility is not beneficial for the households in the low-income villages or with low educational attainment, but it benefits the households in the high-income villages by promoting local off-farm employment or with high educational attainment by increasing the duration of migrant off-farm employment.Originality/valueThis study identifies the heterogeneous effects of road accessibility on the extent of off-farm employment among rural households, which narrows the research gap and enriches the literature. The empirical findings imply that road accessibility widens the gap between rich and poor in off-farm employment, which is of great important to the alleviation of relative poverty after 2020 in China.
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Velasco Ortiz, Laura. "Escuela y reproducción social de familias migrantes: hijos e hijas de jornaleros indígenas en el noroeste mexicano / School and Social Reproduction of Migrant Families: Children of Day Laborers in Northwest Mexico." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v28i1.1443.
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El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la movilidad geográfica como fuente de diferenciación social. Específicamente se examinan las estrategias que siguen las familias indígenas dedicadas al trabajo agrícola temporal en el Valle de San Quintín, Baja California, para que sus hijos e hijas puedan asistir a la escuela. Las familias analizadas tienen condiciones residenciales diferenciadas, diversos grados de movilidad geográfica y están asentadas en distintos lugares de la región; pero todas desarrollan complejas estrategias que develan el entrecruzamiento de recursos familiares e institucionales transterritoriales que aprovechan en los hogares.El estudio parte de la combinación de las metodologías cuantitativa y cualitativa, pero se basa principalmente en los datos cualitativos de tres casos de familias con niños en edad escolar, en los que se profundiza el análisis de las dinámicas familiares y escolares. Los resultados muestran que el hecho de que las familias salgan de los campamentos y se asienten en una colonia, no necesariamente incrementa la posibilidad de que los niños asistan a la escuela, sobre todo en los hogares monoparentales con jefatura femenina, las cuales presentan mayor vulnerabilidad. AbstractThis article aims to analyze geographical mobility as a source of social differentiation. It specifically examines the strategies pursued by indigenous families engaged in seasonal agricultural work in the Valley of San Quintín, Baja California, in order for their children to attend school. The analyzed families have distinct residential conditions, varying degrees of geographical mobility and are located in different parts of the region. However, they all develop complex strategies that reveal the intertwining of transterritorial family and institutional resources that they utilize in their homes.The study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, butis mainly based on qualitative data from three cases of families with school-age children, which deepens the analysis of family and school dynamics. The results show that the fact that families leave camps and settle in a neighborhood does not necessarily increase the likelihood of their children attending school, especially in female-headed households, which are more vulnerable.
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Dinh, Hoang Huu, Shyam Basnet, and Justus Wesseler. "Impact of Land Tenure Security Perception on Tree Planting Investment in Vietnam." Land 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2023): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020503.
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With over 14 million hectares allocated, Vietnam’s forest and forestland allocation has been one of the largest natural resource decentralization programs in the developing world over the last three decades. Given this remarkable achievement, critics are concerned about the low rates of household tree planting investment and question the roles and effects of land institutions on investment. Using nested logit and ordered probit models, this study examined the effects of household perceptions of forestland tenure security on tree investment and the causal effects among 239 households in 11 communes in the Central Highlands. The findings suggested that, given the land titling in hand, household perceptions of potential land expropriation in the next five years did not thwart investments in both short-term acacia and long-term cashew horizons. The number of laborers, cost of plantations, off-farm and agricultural incomes, migrant status, soil condition, plot location, government subsidies, and a positive market outlook all played a significant role in this investment. Interestingly, we found that short-term tree planting had the reverse impact on decreasing land users’ perceptions of land tenure security, possibly because each tree rotation shortens the 50-year land use period recorded in the Land Use Right Certificate. However, market prospects and government subsidies may significantly counteract the negative perception of LTS and encourage households to plant trees. The policy implication is that, in addition to strengthening LTS to ensure households’ current and future land use rights, tree investment-incentivized policies should be implemented.
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Sapkota, Mohan Prasad, Dipak Sapkota, Gaurav Adhikari, and Monika Sharma. "Effect of Remittance on Rural Livelihood Among the Household Members of the Annapurna Rural Municipality, Kaski." OCEM Journal of Management, Technology & Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ocemjmtss.v3i1.62225.
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The major portion of the Nepalese economy is based on agriculture. The country’s rural areas are home to almost 80% of the inhabitants, who are engaged in agriculture. People are compelled or forced to migrate due to a variety of reasons including poverty, desperation, unfair resource distribution, and a lack of opportunity. This study’s major goal is to determine how remittances affect the socio-economic aspects of households both before and after they receive remittances. The Bhadaure, Tamagi village at Ward number 4 of the Annapurna Rural Municipality is the place where the current study was carried out. Only 50 respondents out of 200 migrants working abroad were chosen at random as a sample of the study. The research method was a case study design, the quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaire where SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. The objective of the study was to identify the impacts of remittances on the expenditure of migrant households and compare the position of remittance holders before and after receiving remittances. The findings of the study highlight the positive impact of remittance on the living standards of households. Many households were able to construct RCC buildings and buy land in which they were previously unable to construct due to financial constraints. There was also an improvement in household assets, electronic goods, and services after receiving remittances. Moreover, the results show that the health conditions of households had improved after receiving remittances. The findings indicate that remittance has a significant impact on the socioeconomic development of the study area, contributing to the improvement of the living standards and well-being of the households. Despite this, the government must ensure protection against labor exploitation and formulate appropriate policies for Nepalese laborers.
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Jewsiewicki, B., and Sharon Stichter. "Migrant Laborers." American Historical Review 93, no. 4 (October 1988): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1863648.
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Lubeck, Paul M., and Sharon Stichter. "Migrant Laborers." Contemporary Sociology 20, no. 1 (January 1991): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2072075.
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Cobbe, James, and Sharon Stichter. "Migrant Laborers." International Migration Review 21, no. 2 (1987): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546327.
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Penvenne, Jeanne, and Sharon Stichter. "Migrant Laborers." International Journal of African Historical Studies 20, no. 1 (1987): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219288.
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Mason, Michael, and Sharon Stichter. "Migrant Laborers." Labour / Le Travail 20 (1987): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25142903.
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L., Th, and Sharon Stichter. "Migrant Laborers." Population (French Edition) 42, no. 1 (January 1987): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1532770.
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POTTS, DEBORAH. "Migrant Laborers." African Affairs 87, no. 346 (January 1988): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097994.
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Or, Iair G. "Regime changes and the impact of informal labor." Linguistic Landscape. An international journal 7, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ll.20010.or.
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Abstract In Israel, approximately 25,000 Thai laborers are contracted for agricultural work in all parts of the country, following a series of bilateral agreements between the governments of Israel and Thailand. Various NGOs and agencies have documented numerous violations of labor laws in many Israeli farms, including the lack of safety measures, poor working and living conditions, and extremely low salaries. Israeli discourse on the topic vacillates between the interests of farmers, workers, consumers, and the government (Or & Shohamy, 2020), and the occasional appearance of reports about the abuse of workers reignites the debate and tensions surrounding these issues. This longitudinal qualitative study, spanning from 2013 to 2019, focuses on the linguistic landscape (LL) of the Central Arava region – an arid, sparsely populated subdistrict in Southern Israel. What makes this region unique is that the number of Thai migrant workers there equals or slightly exceeds that of Hebrew-speaking Jews. Using an LL approach (Jaworski & Thurlow, 2010; Shohamy & Gorter, 2009; Shohamy, 2012), the 2013 study sought to explore the visibility and vitality of the Thai language as well as its interactions with other languages. The roles that Thai, Hebrew, English, Arabic, and other languages played in the public space clearly revealed the power relations between the speakers of these languages. The 2018–19 follow-up to the original 2013 findings seeks to track the impact on the public space of recent developments such as population changes, the advent of speakers of other languages to the region, the economic crisis, and the public controversy about the exploitation of workers. The study shows that the number of Thai signs has been significantly reduced in recent years, not only pointing to changes in the multilingual reality of the region, but also raising a series of questions about labor conditions, regulation, informal labor markets, and cases of potential mismatch between reality and perceptions.
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Richards, J. F., and J. Hagen. "XI. A Century of Rural Expansion in Assam, 1870-1970." Itinerario 11, no. 1 (March 1987): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300009451.
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The seven districts of present-day Assam state, comprising 7.8 million hectares (78,496 km2), lie in the valley of the Brahmaputra river in the extreme northeast of India. On the map they form an extended finger of riverine land pointing toward the mountain boundary. Assam has been a steadily developing frontier region since the middle decades of the nineteenth century. One arm of this development has been that of the plantation economy devoted to tea production in the highlands. British capital, British managers, and Indian coolie labor formed the essential elements in this growing export-oriented economy. From 1870 another settler-based frontier society emerged when peasant migrants from Bengal and ex-tea-laborers took up government-owned wastelands along the Brahmaputra and its tributaries to grow paddy rice. Together these two forces have transformed the face of the land and created a new society in Assam over the past century. The British colonial regime's policies generally favored the development and growth of both the estate and the smallholder sectors of Assam's economy. In this process the indigenous Assamese — whether peasant cultivators or tribal hill peoples — have faced immense pressures on their society and way of life. The purpose of this essay is to delineate the transformations in the land and the agricultural economy that accompanied this process in Assam.
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Bletzer, Keith V. "Who Has Potatoes?" Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1i2.1692.
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Migratory farm labor like other forms of migrant work both in and outside agriculture impedes on the opportunity to make choices. The following essay explores particular phases in the life of one man (a single case study) and examines how he considers turning points in his life that led to a long period of substance use, both as an immigrant in the country and as a working man in his home country, followed by a cessation of use and the beginning stages of recovery. / Para el migrante, viajar en busca de trabajo es díficil, ya sea que trabaje en agricultura o en otras labores. Este ensayo examina ciertas etapas en la vida de un hombre (estudio de un solo caso) que examina los cambios que le han ocurrido durante un período en que él consumía grandes cantidades de alcohol en los estados y en su país, seguido por un período de sobriedad (no tomaba alcohol, no usaba drogas) en este país en que él comienza una etapa de rehabilitación.
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Bletzer, Keith V. "Who Has Potatoes?" Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1i2.437.
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Migratory farm labor like other forms of migrant work both in and outside agriculture impedes on the opportunity to make choices. The following essay explores particular phases in the life of one man (a single case study) and examines how he considers turning points in his life that led to a long period of substance use, both as an immigrant in the country and as a working man in his home country, followed by a cessation of use and the beginning stages of recovery. / Para el migrante, viajar en busca de trabajo es díficil, ya sea que trabaje en agricultura o en otras labores. Este ensayo examina ciertas etapas en la vida de un hombre (estudio de un solo caso) que examina los cambios que le han ocurrido durante un período en que él consumía grandes cantidades de alcohol en los estados y en su país, seguido por un período de sobriedad (no tomaba alcohol, no usaba drogas) en este país en que él comienza una etapa de rehabilitación.
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Cobbe, James. "Book Review: Migrant Laborers." International Migration Review 21, no. 2 (June 1987): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100213.
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Roa, Shellemai, Krisnel Domingo, Kevin Fedillaga, Ivy Hechanova, Jamaica Natividad, and Ramon Docto. "CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY OF THE PALA’WANS IN BUNOG, RIZAL, PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES." BIMP-EAGA Journal for Sustainable Tourism Development 4, no. 1 (June 6, 2015): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bimpeagajtsd.v4i1.3124.
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The study aims to assess the current situation and vulnerability rate of the Pala‟wans, one of the major indigenous peoples in Palawan, to climate change in terms of agricultural yield, common plant diseases, water availability, and collected forest products per unit effort. It also seeks to describe the livelihood activities of Pala‟wans, patterns of change in planting and harvesting schedules, and determine the adaptation strategies to changes by applying indigenous knowledge and the influences of migrants. Triangulation method was used to assess the vulnerability rate of the Pala‟wans which involved ocular inspection of the site; interviews using questionnaires that were validated in other areas; and key informant interviews among chieftains/elders. Thirty-five household respondents were interviewed which comprised one hundred percent of the total community. The findings revealed that Pala‟wans have different livelihoods but kaingin or slash and burn farming was their main source of income. Others work as laborers or make woodcrafts for a living, among others. There were no changes in the planting and harvesting schedules. The observed effects were the decreased harvest from kaingin by approximately ninety percent, rapid increase of pests that damage crops, and unpredictable weather conditions. As a response to the changes, strategies were developed and practiced like burning of roots of “Peperason tree” to drive away pests. However, the Pala‟wans in the area are highly vulnerable to climate change.
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Puspita Sari, Alung Amelia, Joko Mulyono, and Nurina Adi Paramitha. "Strategies for Fulfilling the Basic Needs of Circular Migrant Farmers in Wonokupang, Sidoarjo." JUSS (Jurnal Sosial Soedirman) 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/juss.v6i1.8297.
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The purpose of this study was to find out the strategy for fulfilling the necessities of life for the circular migrant business of vegetable farm laborers in Wonokupang Village, Sidoarjo Regency. This study uses migration theory by Everett S. Lee. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results of this study indicate that the strategy for fulfilling the necessities of life for the circular migrant business of vegetable farm laborers is the economy and lifestyle, working patterns in migrant places and building social networks. In addition, there are socio-economic changes experienced by circular migrant vegetable farm laborers. Then, from this migration process, there are factors behind the vegetable farm laborers doing circular migration, namely individual factors, factors of origin, factors of destination, and obstacles that exist in the area of origin and destination. From these strategies, changes, and factors, it is proven that they can fulfill the necessities of life of the circular migrant business of vegetable farming laborers.
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Fitriani, Nurul, Anas Nikoyan, and Iskandar Iskandar. "BENTUK DAMPAK INDUSTRI TAMBANG PADA TRANSFORMASI ASET SUMBERDAYA ALAM MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR DESA MOROSI KECAMATAN MOROSI KABUPATEN KONAWE." Jurnal Ilmiah Inovasi dan Komunikasi Pembangunan Pertanian 2, no. 1 (January 28, 2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56189/jiikpp.v2i1.31241.
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PT. Virtue Dragon Nickel Industry (VDNI) is the largest nickel mining company located in Morosi Village, Morosi District, Konawe Regency, operating from 2015 to the end of 2018. Before there was a mine in Morosi Village, most people depended on the agricultural sector, but not able to meet their daily needs. This study aims to find out: the impact of the VDNI industry on the transformation of natural resources assets of farming communities, the transformation of natural resources assets into economic assets of farming communities around the VDNI industry, and the economic transformation of farming community assets with the existence of the VDNI industry. This research was conducted in Morosi Village, Morosi District, Konawe Regency which was carried out in January 2022 with a total of 20 informants. Data analysis in this study used qualitative methods. The results of the study show that the impact of the VDNI industry on the transformation of natural resource assets is (a) migration. In this case, the socio-economic conditions in the area of origin that make it impossible to meet one's needs cause that person to want to go to another area that can meet those needs. This also happened in Morosi Village, with the PT VDNI industry attracting many migrants from various regions who aim to meet economic needs with various kinds of jobs such as being workers in the PT VDNI Industry and opening businesses (restaurants, immigrants buying local community land then leasing back the land to newcomers who open a cloning business and selling vegetables), Laborers of a boarding house building in Morosi Village. (b) Change of profession This also happened in Morosi Village, after the entry of the industry PT VDNI demanded that the community change their profession from agriculture to non-agriculture by freeing up part of the agricultural land to set up industries which of course had an impact on changing livelihoods. (c) Environmental pollution, observing the phenomenon of environmental impacts in the area around mining, in fact creates both positive and negative environmental impacts for the community. The inclusion of nickel mining in an area gives people hope for job creation, improvement of health service facilities such as health centers, as well as assistance for environmental sanitation facilities for villages and educational assistance. Nickel mining activities are non-renewable natural resource exploitation activities, in mining activities can have an impact on ecosystem damage. A damaged ecosystem is defined as an ecosystem that can no longer carry out its functions optimally, such as soil protection.
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Spencer, Steven A. "Illegal Migrant Laborers in Japan." International Migration Review 26, no. 3 (1992): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546964.
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Spencer, Steven A. "Illegal Migrant Laborers in Japan." International Migration Review 26, no. 3 (September 1992): 754–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600302.
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The rapid increase in the number of illegal migrant workers in Japan in the last seven years poses Japanese policy-makers with a dilemma: should Japan capitulate to a domestic labor shortage and outside pressure on its borders and admit foreign laborers legally, or should it maintain its policy of excluding foreign laborers in order to protect Japanese society and economy from the adverse effects of foreign migration? Strong arguments in favor of both sides make an easy choice impossible, but the swelling presence of illegal migrant workers, fostered by strong economic forces, may make an exclusionary policy unworkable and unrealistic.
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Spencer, Steven A. "Illegal Migrant Laborers in Japan." International Migration Review 27, no. 1 (March 1993): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700129.
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