Academic literature on the topic 'MidWave Infrared (MWIR)'

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Journal articles on the topic "MidWave Infrared (MWIR)"

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Scafutto, Rebecca, and Carlos de Souza Filho. "Detection of Methane Plumes Using Airborne Midwave Infrared (3–5 µm) Hyperspectral Data." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081237.

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Methane (CH4) display spectral features in several regions of the infrared range (0.75–14 µm), which can be used for the remote mapping of emission sources through the detection of CH4 plumes from natural seeps and leaks. Applications of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques for the detection of CH4 in the near and shortwave infrared (NIR-SWIR: 0.75–3 µm) and longwave infrared (LWIR: 7–14 µm) have been demonstrated in the literature with multiple sensors and scenarios. However, the acquisition and processing of hyperspectral data in the midwave infrared (MWIR: 3–5 µm) for this application is rather scarce. Here, a controlled field experiment was used to evaluate the potential for CH4 plume detection in the MWIR based on hyperspectral data acquired with the SEBASS airborne sensor. For comparison purposes, LWIR data were also acquired simultaneously with the same instrument. The experiment included surface and undersurface emission sources (ground stations), with flow rates ranging between 0.6–40 m3/h. The data collected in both ranges were sequentially processed using the same methodology. The CH4 plume was detected, variably, in both datasets. The gas plume was detected in all LWIR images acquired over nine gas leakage stations. In the MWIR range, the plume was detected in only four stations, wherein 18 m3/h was the lowest flux sensed. We demonstrate that the interference of target reflectance, the low contrast between plume and background and a low signal of the CH4 feature in the MWIR at ambient conditions possibly explain the inferior results observed for this range when compared to LWIR. Furthermore, we show that the acquisition time and weather conditions, including specific limits of temperature, humidity, and wind speed, proved critical for plume detection using daytime MWIR hyperspectral data.
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Kim, Yerin, and Sungwook Hong. "Deep Learning-Generated Nighttime Reflectance and Daytime Radiance of the Midwave Infrared Band of a Geostationary Satellite." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 2713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222713.

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Midwave infrared (MWIR) band of 3.75 μm is important in satellite remote sensing in many applications. This band observes daytime reflectance and nighttime radiance according to the Earth’s and the Sun’s effects. This study presents an algorithm to generate no-present nighttime reflectance and daytime radiance at MWIR band of satellite observation by adopting the conditional generative adversarial nets (CGAN) model. We used the daytime reflectance and nighttime radiance data in the MWIR band of the meteoritical imager (MI) onboard the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), as well as in the longwave infrared (LWIR; 10.8 μm) band of the COMS/MI sensor, from 1 January to 31 December 2017. This model was trained in a size of 1024 × 1024 pixels in the digital number (DN) from 0 to 255 converted from reflectance and radiance with a dataset of 256 images, and validated with a dataset of 107 images. Our results show a high statistical accuracy (bias = 3.539, root-mean-square-error (RMSE) = 8.924, and correlation coefficient (CC) = 0.922 for daytime reflectance; bias = 0.006, RMSE = 5.842, and CC = 0.995 for nighttime radiance) between the COMS MWIR observation and artificial intelligence (AI)-generated MWIR outputs. Consequently, our findings from the real MWIR observations could be used for identification of fog/low cloud, fire/hot-spot, volcanic eruption/ash, snow and ice, low-level atmospheric vector winds, urban heat islands, and clouds.
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Bouschet, Maxime, Vignesh Arounassalame, Anthony Ramiandrasoa, Isabelle Ribet-Mohamed, Jean-Philippe Perez, Nicolas Péré-Laperne, and Philippe Christol. "Temperature Dependence Study of Electrical and Electro-Optical Performances of Midwave Infrared Ga-Free T2SL Barrier Photodetector." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 10358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010358.

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In this paper, we report on temperature dependence performances of a midwave infrared (MWIR) Ga-free InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) barrier (XBn) photodetector grown by molecular beam epitaxy on n-type GaSb substrate. The T2SL structure, with a 3 µm thick active region, was processed in a mesa device in order to perform dark current measurements and spectral photoresponse as a function of temperature. Analyses of these temperature dependence characterizations help us to improve the design of Ga-free T2SL MWIR XBn detectors.
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Kumari, K. C. Goma, H. M. Rawool, and S. Chakrabarti. "Demonstration of Fabricated Midwave Infrared InAs/GaSb Type-II Superlattice-based Focal Plane Arrays." Defence Science Journal 67, no. 2 (March 14, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.67.11178.

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In this study, fabricated 320 × 256 infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) were realised using a GaSb/InAs-based type-II superlattice heterostructure for midwave infrared (MWIR) imaging. We report here the optimized fabrication and characterization of single-pixel infrared detectors and FPAs. MWIR spectral response up to 5 μm of these single-pixel detectors was evident up to 250 K. Responsivity was measured to be 1.62 A/W at 0.8 V and 80 K. Current–voltage characteristics at room temperature (300 K) and at low temperature (18 K) revealed the resistance and dark current variation of the device in the operating bias region. Moreover, good thermal images were obtained at device temperatures up to 150 K for low-temperature targets. Low noise equivalent difference in temperature was measured to be 58 mK at 50 K and 117 mK at 120 K.
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Platnick, Steven, Kerry Meyer, Nandana Amarasinghe, Galina Wind, Paul A. Hubanks, and Robert E. Holz. "Sensitivity of Multispectral Imager Liquid Water Cloud Microphysical Retrievals to the Index of Refraction." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 4165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244165.

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A cloud property retrieved from multispectral imagers having spectral channels in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) and/or midwave infrared (MWIR) is the cloud effective particle radius (CER), a radiatively relevant weighting of the cloud particle size distribution. The physical basis of the CER retrieval is the dependence of SWIR/MWIR cloud reflectance on the cloud particle single scattering albedo, which in turn depends on the complex index of refraction of bulk liquid water (or ice) in addition to the cloud particle size. There is a general consistency in the choice of the liquid water index of refraction by the cloud remote sensing community, largely due to the few available independent datasets and compilations. Here we examine the sensitivity of CER retrievals to the available laboratory index of refraction datasets in the SWIR and MWIR using the retrieval software package that produces NASA’s standard Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer suite (VIIRS) continuity cloud products. The sensitivity study incorporates two laboratory index of refraction datasets that include measurements at supercooled water temperatures, one in the SWIR and one in the MWIR. Neither has been broadly utilized in the cloud remote sensing community. It is shown that these two new datasets can significantly change CER retrievals (e.g., 1–2 µm) relative to common datasets used by the community. Further, index of refraction data for a 265 K water temperature gives more consistent retrievals between the two spectrally distinct 2.2 µm atmospheric window channels on MODIS and VIIRS. As a result, 265 K values from the SWIR and MWIR index of refraction datasets were adopted for use in the production version of the continuity cloud product. The results indicate the need to better understand temperature-dependent bulk water absorption and uncertainties in these spectral regions.
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Kelly, Michael A., James L. Carr, Dong L. Wu, Arnold C. Goldberg, Ivan Papusha, and Renee T. Meinhold. "Compact Midwave Imaging System: Results from an Airborne Demonstration." Remote Sensing 14, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040834.

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The Compact Midwave Imaging System (CMIS) is a wide field of view, multi-angle, multi-spectral pushframe imager that relies on the forward motion of the satellite to create a two-dimensional (2D) image swath. An airborne demonstration of CMIS was successfully completed in January–February 2021 on the NASA Langley Research Center Gulfstream III. The primary objective of the four-flight campaign was to demonstrate the capability of this unique instrument to perform stereo observations of clouds and other particulates (e.g., smoke) in the atmosphere. It is shown that the midwave infrared (MWIR) spectral bands of CMIS provide a unique 24/7 capability with high resolution for accurate stereo sensing. The instrument relies on new focal plane array (FPA) technology, which provides excellent sensitivity at much warmer detector temperatures than traditional technologies. This capability enabled a compact, low-cost design that can provide atmospheric motion vectors and cloud heights to support requirements for atmospheric winds in the 2017–2027 Earth Science Decadal Survey. Applications include day/night observations of the planetary boundary layer, severe weather, and wildfires. A comparison with current space-based earth science instruments demonstrates that the SWIR/MWIR multi-spectral capability of CMIS is competitive with larger, more expensive instrumentation. Imagery obtained over a controlled burn and operating nuclear power plant demonstrated the sensitivity of the instrument to temperature variations. The system relies on a mature stereoscopic imaging technique applied to the same scene from two independent platforms to unambiguously retrieve atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) with accurate height assignment. This capability has been successfully applied to geostationary and low-earth orbit satellites to achieve excellent accuracy. When applied to a ground-point validation case, the accuracy for the CMIS aircraft observations was 20 m and 0.3 m/s for cloud heights and motion vectors, respectively. This result was confirmed by a detailed error analysis with analytical and covariance models. The results for CMIS cases with underflights of Aeolus, CALIPSO, and Aqua provided a good validation of expected accuracies. The paper also showed the feasibility of accommodating CMIS on CubeSats to enable multiple instruments to be flown in a leader–follower mode.
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Pelta, Ran, and Eyal Ben-Dor. "An Exploratory Study on the Effect of Petroleum Hydrocarbon on Soils Using Hyperspectral Longwave Infrared Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 5 (March 8, 2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050569.

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Manmade crude oil contamination, which has negative impacts on the environment and human health, can be found in various ecosystems all over the globe. Hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) is an efficient tool to investigate this crude oil contamination where its electromagnetic spectrum is analyzed. This exploratory study used an innovative HRS imagery sensor to study the effect of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC), found in crude oil, on the spectrum of soils across the longwave infrared (LWIR 8–12 μm) spectral region. This contrasts with previous studies that focused on shortwave and midwave infrared (SWIR 1–2.5 and MWIR 3–8 μm, respectively) regions. An outdoor HRS image of three different types of soils, contaminated with 11 PHC concentrations, was processed and analyzed. Since PHC is spectrally featureless in the LWIR region, the analysis focused on the spectral alteration of the dominant minerals in the soils. Good evaluation metrics of R2 > 0.83 and a root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) between 1.06 and 1.33 wt % showed that the PHC level can be predicted with relatively good accuracy, even without direct spectral features of crude oil PHC, using an airborne LWIR camera in field conditions. This study can be used as a proof of concept for future airborne remote sensing of PHC-contaminated soils.
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Gertner, E. R. "Liquid Phase Epitaxy of Hg1−xCdxTe from Te Solutions: A Route to IR Detector Structures." MRS Proceedings 90 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-90-357.

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The intrinsic semiconductor mercury cadmium telluride (Hg1−xCdxTe), a solid solution of HgTe and CdTe, has assumed an ever increasing role in the fabrication of infrared (IR) detectors because its energy gap (0-1.5 eV) can be tailored to match the specific needs of IR detection and fiber optic systems. In photovoltaic focal plane array (FPA) applications, low power consumption, as well as excellent sensitivity at elevated temperatures, have made Hg1−xCdxTe the material of choice for both the midwave IR (MWIR) and longwave IR (LWIR) region.
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Wang, Xiuxiu, Suofu Wang, Yanwei Wu, Wenhui Wang, Zhangyu Cao, Binbin Wei, Tao Han, et al. "A Self‐Powered Photodetector Based on Graphene Enhanced WSe2/PtSe2 Heterodiode with Fast Speed and Broadband Response." Advanced Optical Materials, March 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.202400052.

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AbstractNarrow bandgap 2D layered material platinum selenide (PtSe2) with good environmental stability, high carrier mobility, and high light absorption, has been widely investigated for uncooled midwave‐infrared (MWIR) photodetection. However, the phototransistor based on the PtSe2 operation at room temperature suffered from the high dark current and background noise. Here, a graphene (G)‐enhanced G‐WSe2/PtSe2 hetero‐diode placed on a metal electrode is reported. To enhance the photogain, a graphene layer placed on the WSe2/PtSe2 heterodiode as a local gating layer is designed. The device exhibits an ultra‐high light on/off ratio of up to 108 and ultra‐fast photoresponse speed with raising time τr = 0.9 µs and decay time of τd = 1.5 µs in the visible spectra range. Notably, ultrabroad band photoresponse from 405 to 3366 nm is demonstrated under the self‐power model. Notably, the device presented a competitive photovoltaic effect with a high energy conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.45%. The results pave the way toward a new approach to tuning the performance of the atomic thin layered materials photodetector.
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Conference papers on the topic "MidWave Infrared (MWIR)"

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Shafer, Thomas, Ramon Torres-Valladolid, Robert Burford, Thomas Buerger, Graham Averitt, Mark Skokan, Matt Babyak, Christopher Martin, Doug VanDover, and Tony Ragucci. "High operating temperature (HOT) midwave infrared (MWIR) 6 µm pitch camera core performance and maturity." In Infrared Technology and Applications XLVIII, edited by Gabor F. Fulop, Masafumi Kimata, Lucy Zheng, Bjørn F. Andresen, John Lester Miller, and Young-Ho Kim. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2618719.

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"Comparative Evaluation of a High Operating Temperature Midwave Infrared Detector for Automated Non-Destructive Inspection of Composite Damage." In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901311-4.

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Abstract. A new high operating temperature (HOT) midwave infrared (MWIR) imaging core is experimentally evaluated for use in automated inspection of composite impact damage by line scan thermography (LST). This evaluation is undertaken as part of a broader effort to develop an autonomous inspection capability for aerospace composite structures, deployable by ground and aerial robotic systems. The performance of the HOT MWIR core is assessed against a high-performance cooled photon-detector camera, an uncooled microbolometer core and an uncooled microbolometer camera, on two carbon epoxy laminate test specimens: one containing flat-bottom-hole synthetic defects and the other barely visible impact damage (BVID) introduced by controlled low-velocity impact. These test panels are scanned using a 3-axis robotic LST apparatus, at speeds of 25 and 100 mm/s. The HOT MWIR core is shown to match the detection performance of the cooled camera, and to significantly outperform both microbolometers. The high performance of this core combined with its relatively low mass, size and power consumption offers an encouraging basis for the development of a drone-deployable LST inspection capability.
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Ramirez, David A., Elena Plis, Stephen Myers, Laura A. Treider, Eli Garduno, Christian P. Morath, Vincent M. Cowan, and Sanjay Krishna. "High operating temperature midwave infrared (MWIR) photodetectors based on type II InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Edward W. Taylor and David A. Cardimona. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2064045.

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Gardiner, Harold A. B., Robert R. O'Neil, William Grieder, Richard Hegblom, Charles H. Humphrey, Alvin T. Stair, Jr., William O. Gallery, and Robert D. Sears. "Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX): planned observation of midwave infrared (MWIR) below the horizon (BTH) and low above the horizon (LATH) backgrounds." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, edited by Wendell R. Watkins and Dieter Clement. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.177920.

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