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1
Hardy, Adam. "New midge resistance for Australian grain sorghum." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2007. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003566/.
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[Abstract]: The development and commercial release of midge resistant grain sorghum hybrids in Australia has been one of the real success stories of the sorghum industry. Almost all the current commercial sorghum hybrids grown contain a significant baseline of midge resistance that has greatly reduced that pest status of this insect. However while breeding efforts have been successful, it seems only one mechanism of resistance remains present in commercial hybrids. This mechanism of resistance known as ‘ovipositional-antixenosis’ is polygenic in nature and has contributed to the gradual reduction in the genetic base of commercial sorghum hybrids, potentially limiting the advancement of other agronomic traits.In order to expand both the level of resistance and the genetic diversity within Australian commercial sorghum hybrids, research was undertaken to capture new sources of midge resistance. Initially the goal of this work was to isolate and characterise the most promising new antibiosis sources of midge resistance previously documented within international breeding lines. However as the work progressed the discovery of a previously undescribed tolerance source of midge resistance led to more detailed studies of midge larval biology within a narrow range of sorghum germplasm lines to better characterise the resistance mechanism.To complete this work a new water-injection technique was developed to allow more precise studies of midge larval biology where previous traditional screening methods were deemed inadequate. Using this method several antibiotic lines were shown to contain diverse modes of action, while the tolerance mechanism of resistance was confirmed and more accurately characterised. In all cases plant characters within the developing spikelet were associated with each resistance mechanism.Overall, one source of resistance, found in lines derived from the Indian land race line DJ6514, was identified as superior to the others tested. Germplasm derived from this source was found to confer inter-related antibiosis and tolerance mechanisms. Both mechanisms were indirectly shown to be caused by the unique antibiotic properties of the developing caryopsis. Larval mortality (antibiosis) increased in this line, in line with increased feeding against the developing caryopsis. A second tolerance mode of action was also linked to anti-feeding properties of the developing caryopsis. Larvae were recorded at higher than normal rates feeding away from the caryopsis resulting in the survival of both larvae and grain in a significant proportion of spikelets. This escape ‘tolerance’ mechanism of resistance was confirmed indirectly in several studies and could be artificially induced in other genotypes when larval feeding against the caryopsis was delayed. As such the resistance is better described as antixenosis to caryopsis feeding.When both resistance mechanisms are present, the resistance isolated from DJ6514 was found to cause a three to four fold increase in seed set in resistant lines. This source of resistance has been directly selected for incorporation into the Australian breeding program and has been shown to be inherited simply as a single gene that needs to be deployed on both sides of the breeding program to ensure stable expression. When breeding efforts are complete a new suite of highly resistant and genetically diverse midge resistant sorghum hybrids will emerge into the marketplace.
2
Dickson, Travis. "Assessing midges as paleoecological indicators." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45760.
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Three exclusive studies (in-vitro, observational and empirical) comprise this doctorate dissertation aimed at assessing the capacity of midges (Order Diptera: Families Chironomidae, Chaoboridae and Ceratopogonidae) as paleoecological indicators.
In-vitro experiments were conducted to determine the impact that temperature and salinity have on midge development and survival. Results indicate that some taxa may achieve optimal development at cooler temperatures; most taxa are cued for emergence by, and require, warmer temperatures; exposure to temperatures that are too warm may result in developmental stress and sometimes death; midge emergence events appear more or less synchronous; and emergences may be controlled by a threshold temperature as opposed to accumulated degree-days.
Also, in-vitro experiments were conducted to assess larval midge salinity thresholds (LD50s). Dasyhelea (Ceratopogonidae), Cricotopus/Orthocladius, and Cladotanytarsus mancus type appeared to have the highest salinity LD50s while Chironomus anthracinus type and subtribe Tanytarsina displayed the lowest.
In the second study, water chemistry and environmental data were compared with midge assemblage data using multivariate analysis to assess the environmental gradients that limit midge distributions in the Hudson Bay Lowlands (northeastern Manitoba). The results demonstrate the midges’ potential as paleosalinity indicators.
The third study involved extracting sediment cores from four separate lakes within the Hudson Bay Lowlands, each extracted from a pond at a different elevation (range from 127 to 10 m above sea level) and distance from the current Hudson Bay shoreline (range from 104 to 2.5 km). My reconstructions suggest that two inland ponds experienced an initial gradual freshening trend from their inception to <1,000 cal. years BP, followed by more recent rapid freshening. Reconstructions for two ponds situated proximal to Hudson Bay indicate stable salinity through the entirety of the sediment records. Quantitative salinity reconstructions for each of the four sampled ponds were ‘statistically insignificant’ (P ≤ 0.05). Predicted isostatic rebound rates, inferred by linear extrapolation of age depth models constructed for four Hudson Bay Lowland ponds, do not indicate an exponentially declining salinity trend as expected.
3
Muntzer, Alice Adair. "Tropism of bluetongue virus in Culicoides midges." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8358/.
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Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) cause diseases of significant consequence to human and animal health. The aspect of the lifecycle that distinguishes an arbovirus from another viral group, is the requirement for replication in an arthropod vector and vertebrate host. Culicoides midges (order: Diptera; family: Ceratopogonidae) transmit several arboviral diseases of economic importance including bluetongue virus (BTV), a double-stranded RNA virus within the genus Orbivirus (family: Reoviridae). The ability of an arbovirus, such as BTV, to replicate, disseminate and be transmitted to a susceptible host is determined by the interaction between extrinsic factors, such as the titre of ingested virus, and intrinsic factors such as the particular viral and vector genotype. This process is poorly understood. Here, data are presented to address this, describing BTV infection and replication in a model species, Culicoides sonorensis. The percentages of infected cells were objectively determined in insect tissues using automated image classification. BTV infected cells of the posterior midgut and the number of cells infected were viral strain and dose-dependent and correlated with infection rate. Virus replicated to high levels in the compound eyes, fat body and epithelial cells. The brain and other neural tissues were infected at later times tested, coinciding with the expected time of BTV transmission. Viral RNA and antigen were undetectable in the salivary glands and oocytes, but were detected at high prevalence in the mouthparts. These data show, for the first time, that Culicoides-borne arboviruses may exploit an alternative mechanism for transmission to a host than that used by mosquito-borne arboviruses. BTV may be transmitted directly from the mouthparts, without requiring the ability to replicate in the salivary glands.
4
Abu-Azma, Yasser H. H. "Factors affecting the reproductive biology of Chironomus riparius." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337639.
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Jackson, J. M. "Life history characteristics of midges in temporary peat pools." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355477.
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6
Krosch, Matthew Neil. "Evolutionary biology of Gondwanan non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/41749/1/Matthew_Krosch_Thesis.pdf.
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The potential restriction to effective dispersal and gene flow caused by habitat fragmentation can apply to multiple levels of evolutionary scale; from the fragmentation of ancient supercontinents driving diversification and speciation on disjunct landmasses, to the isolation of proximate populations as a result of their inability to cross intervening unsuitable habitat. Investigating the role of habitat fragmentation in driving diversity within and among taxa can thus include inferences of phylogenetic relationships among taxa, assessments of intraspecific phylogeographic structure and analyses of gene flow among neighbouring populations. The proposed Gondwanan clade within the chironomid (non-biting midge) subfamily Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) represents a model system for investigating the role that population fragmentation and isolation has played at different evolutionary scales. A pilot study by Krosch et al (2009) indentified several highly divergent lineages restricted to ancient rainforest refugia and limited gene flow among proximate sites within a refuge for one member of this clade, Echinocladius martini Cranston. This study provided a framework for investigating the evolutionary history of this taxon and its relatives more thoroughly. Populations of E. martini were sampled in the Paluma bioregion of northeast Queensland to investigate patterns of fine-scale within- and among-stream dispersal and gene flow within a refuge more rigorously. Data was incorporated from Krosch et al (2009) and additional sites were sampled up- and downstream of the original sites. Analyses of genetic structure revealed strong natal site fidelity and high genetic structure among geographically proximate streams. Little evidence was found for regular headwater exchange among upstream sites, but there was distinct evidence for rare adult flight among sites on separate stream reaches. Overall, however, the distribution of shared haplotypes implied that both larval and adult dispersal was largely limited to the natal stream channel. Patterns of regional phylogeographic structure were examined in two related austral orthoclad taxa – Naonella forsythi Boothroyd from New Zealand and Ferringtonia patagonica Sæther and Andersen from southern South America – to provide a comparison with patterns revealed in their close relative E. martini. Both taxa inhabit tectonically active areas of the southern hemisphere that have also experienced several glaciation events throughout the Plio-Pleistocene that are thought to have affected population structure dramatically in many taxa. Four highly divergent lineages estimated to have diverged since the late Miocene were revealed in each taxon, mirroring patterns in E. martini; however, there was no evidence for local geographical endemism, implying substantial range expansion post-diversification. The differences in pattern evident among the three related taxa were suggested to have been influenced by variation in the responses of closed forest habitat to climatic fluctuations during interglacial periods across the three landmasses. Phylogeographic structure in E. martini was resolved at a continental scale by expanding upon the sampling design of Krosch et al (2009) to encompass populations in southeast Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Patterns of phylogeographic structure were consistent with expectations and several previously unrecognised lineages were revealed from central- and southern Australia that were geographically endemic to closed forest refugia. Estimated divergence times were congruent with the timing of Plio-Pleistocene rainforest contractions across the east coast of Australia. This suggested that dispersal and gene flow of E. martini among isolated refugia was highly restricted and that this taxon was susceptible to the impacts of habitat change. Broader phylogenetic relationships among taxa considered to be members of this Gondwanan orthoclad group were resolved in order to test expected patterns of evolutionary affinities across the austral continents. The inferred phylogeny and estimated divergence times did not accord with expected patterns based on the geological sequence of break-up of the Gondwanan supercontinent and implied instead several transoceanic dispersal events post-vicariance. Difficulties in appropriate taxonomic sampling and accurate calibration of molecular phylogenies notwithstanding, the sampling regime implemented in the current study has been the most intensive yet performed for austral members of the Orthocladiinae and unsurprisingly has revealed both novel taxa and phylogenetic relationships within and among described genera. Several novel associations between life stages are made here for both described and previously unknown taxa. Investigating evolutionary relationships within and among members of this clade of proposed Gondwanan orthoclad taxa has demonstrated that a complex interaction between historical population fragmentation and dispersal at several levels of evolutionary scale has been important in driving diversification in this group. While interruptions to migration, colonisation and gene flow driven by population fragmentation have clearly contributed to the development and maintenance of much of the diversity present in this group, long-distance dispersal has also played a role in influencing diversification of continental biotas and facilitating gene flow among disjunct populations.
7
Wittmann, Emma Jane. "Temperature and the transmission of arboviruses by Culicoides biting midges." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/8e2879e9-8ad4-439e-9f6d-4e36a6a8afea.
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8
Fu, Haiyan. "Mechanisms controlling the infection of Culicoides biting midges with bluetongue virus." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14153.
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The mechanisms controlling the transmission of bluetongue virus (DTV) by vector Culicoides species were studied using immunohistochemistry, virus titration assays, in vitro transmission tests, viral binding protein analyses and transmission electron microscopy. After infection with BTV by intrathoracic (IT) inoculation, 100% of C. variipennis individuals from a susceptible colony developed a fully disseminated infection and transmitted the virus through their saliva. However only 35.4% of midges were . persistently infected after ingestion of an infectious blood meal, while only 12.1 % of persistently infected midges transmitted the virus through their saliva. The titres of BTV were about 10,·oTCIDsJmidge [Standard error of means (SEM) of log-transformed data=0.15, n=1400] in IT inoculated midges and varied from 0.32 to lQs.oTCIDsJmidge in orally infected individuals. Only those midges containing ~1 03.oTCIDso of BTV could transmit the virus through their saliva. The following patterns were observed in orally (persistently) infected individuals: 1) virus was restricted to the anterior and posterior midgut, and the foregut-midgut junction; 2) virus replicated in the gut cells, disseminated into the haemocoel but could only be detected in a few sporadic fat body cells beyond the gut; 3) virus escaped from the gut cells into the haemocoel and replicated in some secondary organs/tissues but at low levels; 4) a fully disseminated infection was observed and virus replicated in the haemocoel and secondary organs/tissues, including the salivary glands, at high levels. The infection of the gut can be divided into two main types: 1) virus replication in gut cells ranging from very low to higher levels but with virus spread throughout the cytoplasm of the infected cells; 2) virus positive reaction restricted to endosome-like structures in the cytoplasm of some gut cells. BTV was detected in the anterior and posterior midgut, foregut-midgut junction, fat body, ganglia, salivary glands and ommatidia of the compound eyes of some infected midges. No virus was ever found in the hindgut cells, muscles, Malpighian tubes and oocytes/nurse cells of the ovaries. BTV infection of the salivary glands of C. l'ariipcnnis was shown to follow a typical pattern. Virus entered the acinar cells from the haemococl passing through the basement membrane, then localised and replicated in virus inclusion bodies (VIBs) in the cytoplasm of acinar cells. Mature progeny virus particles were released into acini, then transported through intermediate ducts and accumulated in crystalline arrays in the lumen of the major secretory ducts. No virus was released back into the haemocoel through the basement membrane; nor was virus released back into acinar cells from the acini. Nervous tissue of C. l'ariipennis is one of the most susceptible tissues to BTV. Ultrastructural observation showed characteristics ofBTV replication, including formation of VIBs, large amounts of progeny virus particles and tubules, in infected thoracic ganglia. A 60-kD viral protein adhered to both BHK-21 (mammalian) cells and a Culicoides cell line, KC cells. A 44-kD BTV viral protein, co-migrating with non structural protein NS2, adsorbed to BHK-21 cells but not to KC cells, while a 39.6 kD viral protein, co-migrating with major inner capsid protein VP7, adhered only to KC cells but not to BHK-21 cells.
9
Labuschagne, K., LJ Gerber, I. Espie, and S. Carpenter. "Culicoides biting midges at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa." Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001257.
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Abstract
Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are responsible for the transmission of a large
number of pathogens to livestock and wild animals. In this study the presence of the genus, using light
traps based at four different sites within the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, was investigated
during 2002-2004. In total, 37species were recorded, including large numbers of Culicoides
irnicola Kieffer, 1913, which is responsible for the transmission of economically important arboviruses
in South Africa, Europe, Middle and Far East. These results are discussed with reference to the wider
Culicoides fauna in the Onderstepoort area of South Africa, their vector competence as well as biosecurity
at the National Zoological Gardens.
10
Marsh, Peter Michael. "Ecological studies on Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with reference to its control in the Highlands of Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15275.
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Fleming, Erin Mattea. "Reconstruction of holocene environmental changes in northern British Columbia using fossil midges." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2811.
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Lake sediments contain the remains of midge communities that may be used as biological proxies for inferring past environmental changes. Freshwater midges, including Chironomidae and Chaoboridae, from two alpine tarns (Pyramid Lake and Bullwinkle Lake) in the Cassiar Mountains of northern British Columbia were used to estimate Holocene palaeotemperature changes, and more specifically, to test for the presence of the Milankovitch thermal maximum, an early Holocene warm interval coinciding with peak Holocene summer solar insolation. Mean July air temperatures were reconstructed using midge-inference models developed via weighted averaging-partial least squares (WA-PLS) regression. Cold-tolerant midge taxa dominate the stratigraphies from both Pyramid and Bullwinkle Lakes; however, warm-adapted species are more common in Bullwinkle Lake. Early Holocene warming is apparent at both lakes, however it is unclear whether this is indicative of the Milankovitch thermal maximum. A decrease in temperature occurs from 8,700-7,900 cal. yr BP at Pyramid Lake, around the same time that the 8,200 cal. yr BP cooling event occurred in the northern hemisphere. During the middle Holocene, records from Pyramid Lake indicate an overall decrease in temperature, with a short period of warmer temperatures that peak at 5,100 cal. yr BP. Temperatures fluctuate little during this time at Bullwinkle Lake. A short warming phase is apparent at both lakes during the late Holocene. July temperatures are highest at 2,000 cal. yr BP (10.5°C) in Pyramid Lake and at 1,200 cal. yr BP (13°C) in Bullwinkle Lake. Thereafter, temperatures return to what they were before the warming occurred, and at Bullwinkle Lake, vary little throughout the remainder of the Holocene.
12
Neems, Rachel. "The role of body size in the mating system of midges (Chironomidae)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304543.
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O'Connell, Lelia. "Entomological aspects of the transmission of arboviral diseases by Culidoides biting midges." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247899.
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Strandberg, Jonas. "Taking a Bite out of Diversity - Taxonomy and systematics of biting midges." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127144.
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The biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae) is one of the most species rich amongst the biting flies (Diptera) and has been recorded from most parts of the world. The species are mostly known for their capability to act as vectors for several important diseases, which have helped in shaping the focus to one of its genera, Culicoides Latreille, 1809. This thesis gives an overview of the knowledge of the Swedish diversity, in the first paper (paper I) with a closer look at the species of Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911 where all twenty species found in Sweden are presented with their associated localities, and two new species are described. In the second paper (paper II) the biting midge diversity of Sweden is presented based on specimens collected from several localities. All these individuals were barcoded using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI). The analysis included 773 specimens that were assigned into 214 barcoding clusters (BINs) and sorted into 164 groups based on their morphology. The third paper (paper III) broadens the scale were the evolutionary relationships within the family are investigated by applying five protein coding genes (COI, CAD, TPI, AATS and PGD) and specimens from different parts of the World. The analysis recovers Ceratopogonini, Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 and Bezzia Kieffer, 1899 as paraphyletic and Palpomyia Meigen, 1818 polyphyletic. In the last and fourth paper (paper IV) the family is used as a model organism together with Hymenoptera for an alternative analysis method for reducing the impact of saturation and long-branch attraction using non-synonymous coding (e.g. Degen1) on only parts of a dataset. The effectiveness of the method is compared to the removal of the faster evolving third codon position. The result yields a higher number of supported nodes as well as a higher median of support for the method as well as an ability to reduce long-branch attraction artifacts.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p><p> </p>
15
Wells, Brenda L. "ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION IN A MULTI-TROPHIC COMPLEX: GALL MIDGES, GOLDENRODS, AND PARASITOIDS." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1290387561.
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Gilkeson, Linda A. "Genetic selection, evaluation and management of nondiapause Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) for control of greenhouse aphids in winter." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73981.
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Chaudhuri, Pinaki Prasad. "A Taxonomic study of the Culicoides biting midges (Ceratopogonidae : Diptera : insecta) of West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/985.
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Van, Der Saag Matthew. "Tools to investigate the capacity of Australian Culicoides as vectors of bluetongue viruses." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12960.
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Bluetongue Virus (BTV, Reoviridae, Sedoreoviridae, Orbivirus) is the type species of the genus Orbivirus, and is responsible for the potentially devastating disease known as bluetongue disease (BT). Some 26 serotypes of BTV are recognised globally and are transmitted by haematophagous Culicoides midges. A total of 9 real time PCR (qPCR) assays were developed and evaluated to study the host feeding preference of Culicoides biting midges. These were used to test nearly 1400 individual blood fed Culicoides from Australia, Indonesia and the Republic of Korea. The second theme presented in this thesis was the development of a laboratory model to enable the infection of Culicoides with BTVs without the use of ruminants. Several different methods for blood feeding Culicoides were evaluated, including the use of a membrane feeder, cotton wool pads and embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). The ECE method was chosen as the preferred method, refined, and then used to study the infection of different populations of Culicoides with BTVs including four species from the Northern Territory (NT), and one species from New South Wales (NSW). The third phase of experimentation presented in this thesis involved the evaluation of molecular methods for identification and quantification of Culicoides collected as part of surveillance programs. Overall the tools and techniques developed in this thesis have the potential to increase the efficiency of surveillance for BTVs and their vectors in Australia to maintain trade access.
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Page, Patrick Collin. "Investigation of methods for protection of horses in jet stalls against Culicoides biting midges." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53307.
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Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), specifically Culicoides (Avaritia) imicola Kieffer and Culicoides (Avaritia) bolitinos Meiswinkel have been implicated as vectors of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and equine encephalosis virus (EEV) in southern Africa. Intercontinental trade is a potential mechanism whereby midge-borne viruses, such as AHSV, may be introduced into immunologically naive horse populations. Horses in containerised air transport systems (jet stalls) may be at risk of exposure to Culicoides midges during international export from South Africa. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has recently recommended that during export from, and transit through, African horse sickness (AHS) endemic countries or zones, measures of a physical and chemical nature are applied to protect horses from Culicoides midge attack. To contribute to information on effective measures of protection and to generate data on the effect of these on welfare of horses in jet stalls, the efficacy and safety of alphacypermethrin-treated high density polyethylene (HDPE) mesh applied to jet stalls as a method for protection of horses against Culicoides midges was investigated at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort.
Firstly, the repellent and insecticidal efficacy of alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh against Culicoides midges was determined using Onderstepoort 220V downdraught black light traps and a contact bioassay. Three traps were operated overnight in four replicates of a 3 x 3 randomised Latin square design near horses. Both an untreated and alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the numbers of Culicoides midges, predominantly C. imicola, collected in the light traps by 4.2 and 7.2 times, respectively. A repellent effect of the alphacypermethrin-treated mesh was not confirmed because the number of midges collected in the light traps with untreated and alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh were not significantly different (P = 0.656). Bioassay of the insecticidal contact efficacy indicated median C. imicola mortality of 100% from 30 and 10 min following exposure to the alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh for 1 or 3 min, respectively. In the bioassay, mortality was significantly higher (P = 0.016) at 5 min post exposure in the midges exposed to the alphacypermethrin-treated mesh for 3 min (74.8%) compared to the 1 min exposure group (59.5%).
Secondly, the efficacy of alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh applied to jet stalls against Culicoides midges was determined by mechanical aspiration of midges from horses and using light traps in four blocks of a 3 x 2 randomised design. The alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh applied to the stall significantly (P = 0.008) reduced the number of Culicoides midges, predominantly C. imicola, mechanically aspirated from horses housed in the stall. The mesh reduced the Culicoides midge attack rate in the treated stall compared to the untreated stall and a sentinel horse by 6 times and 14 times, respectively. The number of Culicoides midges and C. imicola collected in light traps from the untreated and alphacypermethrin HDPE mesh-treated stalls did not differ significantly (P = 0.82).
Finally, the effect of alphacypermethrin insecticide-treated HDPE mesh on ventilation and welfare of horses housed in jet stalls was determined under temperate, climatic conditions. Jet stall microclimate, clinical variables and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) of 12 horses were monitored during overnight housing in either a treated or untreated jet stall in two blocks of a 2 x 3 randomized crossover design. Temperature difference between the treated stall and outside differed significantly from the difference between the untreated<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>tm2016<br>Companion Animal Clinical Studies<br>PhD
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Lamb, Cho. "The influence of temperature and metaphyton on non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) at Lake Joondalup." Thesis, Lamb, Cho (2001) The influence of temperature and metaphyton on non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) at Lake Joondalup. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40787/.
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Problems of nuisance midge (Diptera: Chironomidae) swarms are common at enriched Perth Wetlands. This project sought to investigate the following hypotheses: Environmental parameters are not limiting to larval chironomid density; larval chironomid density is related to environmental temperature; metaphyton provides both a food source and habitat for larval chironomids.
The following variables were measured at three sites over the period April to September, 2001: conductivity, pH, gilvin, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ambient temperature and temperature of the sediment, water column and metaphyton. The three sampling sites provided contrasting habitats and potential food resources for chironomid larvae: bare sediment with dense stands of the algae Chara sp. and sediment covered by a layer of metaphyton.
Larval densities reached 6817 larvae m-2 during the sampling period, however no nuisance swarms were recorded. Of the environmental variables measured, only conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature appeared to limit larval chironomid density. Comparison of the ambient temperature for 2000 (when a nuisance swarm occurred) and 2001, suggests that temperature was important for triggering the emergence rates of pupa required for nuisance swarm densities.
Food resources were found to be non-limiting to the development of chironomid larvae. Furthermore, the diet of larvae reflected the composition of food resources found at each of the three micro habitats.
A mathematical model was constructed to examine the interaction between water column phytoplankton, phosphorus concentrations, temperature and larval chironomid densities. The results obtained suggested that temperature had the greatest influence on larval chironomid densities. Further modifications might include factors such as metaphyton and detritus as food sources.
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Hellqvist, Sven. "Dasineura tetensi and black currant : on a variable gall midge and its variable host /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5824-2.pdf.
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Riegler, Lutz. "Variation in African horse sickness virus and its effect on the vector competence of culicoides biting midges." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843/.
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Van, Munster Stephany. "Taxonomy and Life History of Gall Midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Drosanthemum and Malephora (Aizoaceae) in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33962.
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South Africa is known for its highly endemic and remarkably species-rich fauna and flora. The Greater Cape Floristic Region, consisting of the Cape Floristic Region and the Succulent Karoo Region, is home to South Africa's second most diverse plant family, the Aizoaceae. While the Aizoaceae are relatively well studied, there has been little work done on their associated insect fauna. Preliminary observations in recent years revealed a diverse community of gall midges on these plants. This study aimed to investigate the gall midges associated with two speciose genera of Aizoaceae and it is the first of its kind in South Africa. I report five new species of gall midges, three belonging to Asphondylia Loew and two to Lasioptera Meigen. These species are described from several species within the Aizoaceae genera Drosanthemum Schwantes and Malephora N.E.Br., and additional host records were recorded from Lampranthus N.E.Br., Carpobrotus N.E.br., Acrodon N.E.Br., Cephalophyllum Haw. and Jordaaniella H.E.K. Hartmann. The gall midges are described from adults, pupae and larvae and information is provided on their galls, life history and distribution. Morphological attributes of the gall midges support the description of five distinct species. Furthermore, morphological characters of the Lasioptera species described here do not fit entirely with those of the genus, suggesting that a new genus should be established for them. These results provide a mere snapshot of the gall midge diversity that is to be found on Aizoaceae in southern Africa, and much work is still to be done on the Cecidomyiidae of South Africa as a whole. Further targeted sampling may reveal greater distribution ranges and additional host plants for the five species described here, as well as many more undescribed species across the Aizoaceae.
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Heath, Jeremy J. "Assessing the drivers of adaptive radiation in a complex of gall midges: A multitrophic perspective on ecological speciation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1364555299.
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Axford, Yarrow Larue. "Interglacial temperature variability in the high-latitude North Atlantic region inferred from subfossil midges, Baffin Island (Arctic Canada) and Iceland." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3256399.
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Gaafar, Nawal Mohamed Fatoh [Verfasser], Christa [Akademischer Betreuer] Volkmar, Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Freier, and Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Ordon. "Wheat midges and thrips information sytem : monitoring and decision making in central Germany / Nawal Mohamed Fatoh Gaafar. Betreuer: Christa Volkmar ; Bernd Freier ; Frank Ordon." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1025055306/34.
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Breidenbaugh, Mark. "Testing Effects of Aerial Spray Technologies on Biting Flies and Nontarget Insects at the Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot, South Carolina, USA." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1228223589.
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Chitra, Eric, and n/a. "Bionomics of Culicoides molestus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): a pest biting midge in Gold Coast canal estates." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041119.101151.
Full textAbstract:
Culicoides molestus (Skuse) is the major species of biting midge that plagues human comfort in the estuarine Gold Coast region of southeast Queensland. Local authorities have initiated a search for an effective, non-chemical means of control, that would minimize human-midge interaction. The effectiveness of a program to control an organism, such as a biting midge, is dependent upon knowledge of the biology of the particular organism of interest. This project revolved examines the lifecycle of C. molestus in detail. It addresses questions regarding the location, seasonal distribution, and dispersal of its juvenile stages in the sand of infested beaches, and their response to chemical treatment, the monthly and annual cycles of the adult midge, and the possibilities of achieving laboratory oviposition, as a first step to laboratory colonisation. The distribution of eggs, larvae and pupae of C. molestus was found to be mostly concentrated around, but below, mean tide level. They also occurred well below the mean tide level. Eggs and larvae have been recovered from as deep as 10 cm in the sand. A seasonal study of the juveniles of this species indicated that they were more strongly influenced by tides than seasons. After a routine pest-control larviciding treatment, a beach recolonisation study revealed that beaches become suitable for oviposition approximately two months after treatment. Large larvae invaded the sprayed areas within days of treatment, which suggests the existence of a refuge outside of the reach of the insecticide. Larvae found in clean (egg- and larva-free), isolated sand containers, placed on the study beach, indicated that larvae could swim in or on the water as a way of moving around the beach. Extended bite-rate studies highlighted the existence of four peaks in adult midge biting activity during the course of a year, around the mid seasons. The strongest peaks of activity were found to be in autumn and spring, but the data suggest that the species undergoes four generations in a year. Through a series of trial-and-error experiments, oviposition under laboratory conditions was achieved. Although the time from blood-feeding to egg maturation is not yet well determined, it occurs within an eight day mean survival period. Blood quality appears critical for adult blood-fed midge survival. Midges fed on the blood of a volunteer who was frequently exposed to midge bites do not live long enough to mature its eggs. The partial ovarial development of one unfed adult female, reared in the laboratory, indicates that C. molestus is facultatively anautogenous.
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Chitra, Eric. "Bionomics of Culicoides molestus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): a pest biting midge in Gold Coast canal estates." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367178.
Full textAbstract:
Culicoides molestus (Skuse) is the major species of biting midge that plagues human comfort in the estuarine Gold Coast region of southeast Queensland. Local authorities have initiated a search for an effective, non-chemical means of control, that would minimize human-midge interaction. The effectiveness of a program to control an organism, such as a biting midge, is dependent upon knowledge of the biology of the particular organism of interest. This project revolved examines the lifecycle of C. molestus in detail. It addresses questions regarding the location, seasonal distribution, and dispersal of its juvenile stages in the sand of infested beaches, and their response to chemical treatment, the monthly and annual cycles of the adult midge, and the possibilities of achieving laboratory oviposition, as a first step to laboratory colonisation. The distribution of eggs, larvae and pupae of C. molestus was found to be mostly concentrated around, but below, mean tide level. They also occurred well below the mean tide level. Eggs and larvae have been recovered from as deep as 10 cm in the sand. A seasonal study of the juveniles of this species indicated that they were more strongly influenced by tides than seasons. After a routine pest-control larviciding treatment, a beach recolonisation study revealed that beaches become suitable for oviposition approximately two months after treatment. Large larvae invaded the sprayed areas within days of treatment, which suggests the existence of a refuge outside of the reach of the insecticide. Larvae found in clean (egg- and larva-free), isolated sand containers, placed on the study beach, indicated that larvae could swim in or on the water as a way of moving around the beach. Extended bite-rate studies highlighted the existence of four peaks in adult midge biting activity during the course of a year, around the mid seasons. The strongest peaks of activity were found to be in autumn and spring, but the data suggest that the species undergoes four generations in a year. Through a series of trial-and-error experiments, oviposition under laboratory conditions was achieved. Although the time from blood-feeding to egg maturation is not yet well determined, it occurs within an eight day mean survival period. Blood quality appears critical for adult blood-fed midge survival. Midges fed on the blood of a volunteer who was frequently exposed to midge bites do not live long enough to mature its eggs. The partial ovarial development of one unfed adult female, reared in the laboratory, indicates that C. molestus is facultatively anautogenous.<br>Thesis (Masters)<br>Master of Philosophy (MPhil)<br>School of Environmental and Applied Science<br>Full Text
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Temmam, Sarah. "Caractérisation des communautés virales de vecteurs & réservoirs de zoonoses : exemples des culicoïdes et de la viande de brousse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5004/document.
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Les zoonoses constituent plus des deux tiers des pathologies virales qui concernent l’homme. Le développement et la démocratisation des outils de métagénomique en font de bons outils d’inventaire et de surveillance de virus potentiellement émergents.Dans un premier temps j’ai développé et validé un protocole expérimental de purification des viromes à ARN qui permettait le maintien de l’infectivité des particules virales. Ce protocole a ensuite été appliqué pour caractériser les communautés virales d’arthropodes hématophages et de prélèvements de faune sauvage. J’ai par la suite réalisé l’inventaire des communautés virales de viande de singe fumée illégalement importée en France et confisquée par les douanes, qui a révélé la présence de nombreux bactériophages, dont certains pourraient infecter des bactéries potentiellement pathogènes pour l’homme.Enfin j’ai caractérisé les communautés virales de culicoïdes collectés au Sénégal, ce qui a permis de mettre en évidence la présence de nombreux virus géants à ADN infectant les amibes. Le séquençage des viromes à ARN a quant à lui révélé la présence d'un certain nombre d'arbovirus qui pourraient constituer un risque d’émergence pour la santé humaine. Du fait de nombreux facteurs intrinsèques et extérieurs à l’agent infectieux, la prédiction des futures émergences de virus zoonotiques est très compliquée voire utopique, mais elle reste un challenge crucial et d’actualité. La stratégie de réalisation d’inventaires des communautés virales présentes dans les différents acteurs des cycles de transmission zoonotique est un premier pas indispensable dans la connaissance des risques potentiels d’émergence en population humaine<br>Zoonoses are responsible of more than two thirds of human viral infections. The development of high-throughput sequencing tools and their application in metagenomics allow inventorying the viral communities of various reservoirs in order to detect the emergence of viruses before their infection to humans. In this context, I characterized the viral communities of simian bushmeat illegally imported into France and of Culicoides biting midges, recognized vectors of several viruses of human and veterinary medicine importance. I have first developed a protocol for the purification of RNA viromes which allowed maintaining the infectivity of viral particles. This protocol was subsequently applied to characterize viral communities of bloodsucking arthropods and wildlife samples. In a second part I realized the inventory of viral communities of smoked simian bushmeat illegally imported into France and confiscated by the French customs. This study revealed the presence of a wide diversity of bacteriophages, in which some of them could infect bacteria potentially pathogenic for humans.Finally I characterized the viral communities of Culicoides biting midges collected in Senegal, which revealed the presence of sequences related to several giant DNA viruses infecting amoeba. Sequencing of the RNA virome revealed the presence of several arboviruses that could constitute a risk of emergence of zoonoses for humans.The prediction of future emerging zoonotic viruses is very difficult, if not impossible. However the characterization of viral communities present in the different actors of zoonotic transmission cycle is a first step to evaluate potential risks of transmission to humans
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Sommers, Mitchell. "Absolute Midget." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/440.
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Johnson, Patrick Lyon. "Migratory Stopover of Songbirds in the Western Lake Erie Basin." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1357314398.
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Reinemann, Scott A. "Holocene Climate and Environmental Change in the Great Basin of the Western United States: A Paleolimnological Approach." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1372764346.
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Amarawardana, Lakmali. "The chemical diversity of midge pheromones." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2009. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/5656/.
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The hypothesis that midge sex pheromones could be chemically more diverse in structure than previously thought was tested in the context of four midge species of importance to UK horticulture: pear leaf midge, Dasineura pyri; pear midge, Contarinia pyrivora; blackcurrant midge, D. tetensi; and blackberry midge, D. plicatrix. The major component of the pheromone of D. pyri was identified as (2R, 13R, 8Z)-2, 13-diacetoxy-8-heptadecene. Four isomers were separated by HPLC and in field tests the first eluting isomer only was attractive to male midges. Analysis of volatile collections from female C. pyrivora showed two consistent responses from male midges and they were identified as 2,7-diacetoxyundecane and 7-acetoxyundecane-2-one. The field testing with isomers of 2,7-diacetoxyundecane separated by HPLC revealed that the first and the third eluting isomers were attractive. The racemic 7-acetoxyundecane-2-one was active as well as the first eluting isomer from HPLC. Two EAG active components were detected in D. tetensi female volatile collections. The major component was identified as (Z)-2,12-diacetoxy-8-heptadecene and after separation of stereoisomers by HPLC the third eluting isomer has shown to be attractive to male D. tetensi in the field. The structure for the minor component was proposed as a keto-acetate homologue of the corresponding major component. Preliminary work carried out on identification of the female sex pheromone of D. plicatrix indicated two responses from conspecific males. These were shown to be 15-carbon acetates with the acetate function at C-2, probably with two and one double bonds respectively.
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Mutaliano, Joaquim Americo. "Evaluation of the value of sorghum midge resistant hybrids in the USA." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3149.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) production in many areas of the world
is reduced due to damage caused by sorghum midge (Stenodiplosis sorghicola). There
are several methods of control to reduce losses due to sorghum midge, which include
cultural practices, biological control, chemical control and resistant cultivars. The best
long-term solution for sorghum midge control is the use of genetic resistance in cultivars
and hybrids. Recently, sorghum midge resistant hybrids have been developed by several
sorghum breeding programs, but there is limited information about agronomic
performance relative to planting dates compared to susceptible standards. Thus, the
objectives of this research project are: (1) to evaluate the value of sorghum midge
resistant sorghum hybrids in the USA production system, (2) to confirm the presence of
sorghum midge insect resistance in sorghum hybrids, and (3) to determine whether the
resistance in eighteen sorghum hybrids is stable across two environments in Texas where
sorghum midge is a damaging pest. Sorghum hybrids with different levels of resistance
to sorghum midge were evaluated at College Station and Corpus Christi, Texas in 2003
and 2004, using two different planting dates and the presence or absence of an insecticide treatment. Agronomic data, sorghum midge incidence ratings and number of
adult midges, were determined for all entries. All entries designated as resistant did
have some resistance compared to susceptible checks. Across all hybrids, grain yield
was higher in sorghum with normal planting dates compared to late planting. Under
midge pressure resistant hybrids performed better than susceptible hybrids, but lacking
midge pressure the susceptible hybrids were higher performing. The use of midge
resistant hybrids in commercial production is only warranted when producers are
reasonably sure that midge will be a problem. Otherwise, they should continue to plant
early using traditional hybrids.
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May, Linda R. "GPS RADIOSONDE: MIGHTY MIDGET OF THE MODERN RANGE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604580.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2007 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Third Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2007 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>Wallops Flight Facility is NASA’s principal site for management and implementation of
suborbital research programs. Recently, WFF resumed its successful satellite-launching history
without sacrificing its culture of being low-cost and responsive. Part of what made this possible
is the GPS radiosonde. During recent successful Minotaur I launches, this tiny instrument
provided upper-air observations that were used in six categories of analysis necessary for such
launches: toxics, blast, winds aloft, debris, weather and forecasting, and post-flight. In addition,
the GPS radiosonde has reduced costs associated with Wind Weighting at Wallops, and is used
in numerous range research projects.
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Steinbach, Markus. "Middles in German." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962290475.
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Staal, A. ""Rondom 6-midden"." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [de auteur] ; Erasmus University [Host], 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/7435.
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Steinbach, Markus. "Middles in German." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14603.
Full textAbstract:
Transitive reflexive Sätze des Deutschen lassen sich unter den Begriff des Mediums fassen. Genauso wie entsprechende Konstruktionen in anderen indoeuropäischen Sprachen sind sie auch im Deutschen mehrdeutig und erlauben eine reflexive, mediale, antikausative und inherent reflexive Interpretation. Nach einem Überblick über die für die folgende Diskussion wesentlichen syntaktischen und semantischen Eigenschaften transitiver reflexiver Sätze wird anhand der Medialkonstruktion gezeigt, daß weder lexikalische noch syntaktische Ansätze in der Lage sind, eine korrekte und einheitliche Analyse der Medialkonstruktion im speziellen und von transitiven reflexiven Sätzen im allgemeinen zu bieten. Deshalb wird für einen neuen, dritten Ansatz argumentiert: a) alle transitiven reflexiven Sätze sind syntaktisch einheitlich zu analysieren; b) vermeintliche syntaktische Unterschiede bzgl. Koordination, Fokus und Voranstellung des (Argument- und Nichtargument-) Reflexivums lassen sich semantisch ableiten; c) (schwache) Reflexivpronomen sind bzgl. ihrer morphosyntaktischen Merkmale maximal unterspezifiziert; d) im Deutschen muß zwischen strukturellen und obliquen Kasusformen unterschieden werden. (c) und (d) erlauben eine einheitliche Analyse der Mehrdeutigkeit des Reflexivpronomens in transitiven reflexiven Sätzen im Rahmen einer entsprechend modifizierten Bindungstheorie. Die in dieser Arbeit entwickelte Theorie wird abschließend auf weitere Eigenschaften der sog. Medialkonstruktion angewandt.<br>Crosslinguistically, transitive reflexive sentences in German can be subsumed under the notion of middle voice. Like corresponding constructions in Indo-European languages they are also ambiguous in German and yield a reflexive, middle, anticausative, and inherent reflexive interpretation. First, we give a detailed survey of the syntactic and semantic properties of transitive reflexive sentences that will be relevant in the following discussion. Second, we illustrate by means of the middle construction that lexical and syntactic theories fail to formulate a correct and unified analysis of middle formation in particular and transitive reflexive sentences in general. Therefore, we develop a different and (so far new) approach: a) all kinds of transitive reflexive sentences do not differ in syntax; b) the differences concerning coordination, focus, and fronting of the argument and non-argument reflexive are derived in semantics; c) the morphosyntactic features of (weak) reflexive pronouns are maximally underspecified d) German distinguishes between between structural and oblique case forms. (c) and (d) permit a uniform derivation of all four interpretations of the reflexive pronoun in transitive reflexive sentences. This analysis is based on a corresponding modification of the binding theory. Finally, we apply the theory developed in this book to further propertiies of the so-called middle construction.
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Miní, Cuadros Renzo Enrique. "Un enfoque MIDAS modificado: FB-MIDAS." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/2202.
Full textAbstract:
Los modelos de series de tiempo tradicionales asumen una misma frecuencia entre la variable dependiente y las variables explicativas. Sin embargo, en finanzas y en macroeconomía existen variables dependientes trimestrales que pueden ser explicadas o predichas por variables independientes diarias o mensuales, respectivamente. Para resolver este problema, la literatura ha desarrollado la metodología MIDAS (mixed-data sampling) que emplea un polinomio de rezagos distribuidos para relacionar variables de alta frecuencia con variables de baja frecuencia. Cuando la diferencia entre frecuencias es alta, típicamente se han empleado restricciones a los coeficientes para reducir la varianza de los estimadores y solucionar el problema de sobreparametrización (metodología MIDAS). Cuando la diferencia entre frecuencias es baja, existen relativamente pocos parámetros a estimar, por lo que un modelo sin restricciones (U-MIDAS) funciona mejor para nowcasting y backcasting. Esta investigación pretende darle un tratamiento bayesiano a la decisión de imponer o no restricciones al polinomio del modelo. Es decir, trata de ubicarse en el medio de los dos extremos (MIDAS y U-MIDAS) al imponer restricciones, determinadas empíricamente, de manera estocástica. El tratamiento consiste de un prior de “suavizamiento” sobre la distribución de rezagos del polinomio, y para encontrarlo, realiza tanto una calibración bayesiana empírica como un promedio ponderado de modelos bayesianos.
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Nye, Bret Allan. "Hauntings in the Midwest." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1374166761.
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Garcia, Juan R., Ignacio M. Garcia, and Thomas Gelsinon. "Mexicans in the Midwest." Mexican American Studies & Research Center, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624803.
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Francki, Michael G. "The midget chromosome as a model to study cereal chromosome structure /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf823.pdf.
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Delane, Tiffany. "Childhood Asthma in the Midwest." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5549.
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In spite of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines outlining how to diagnose, treat, and educate asthmatics, asthma morbidity and mortality rates are still mounting. Furthermore, the minority population has disproportionately higher rates of unfavorable outcomes from asthma, thereby diminishing their quality of life. The study's theoretical framework was based on the health belief model and explored associations of asthma control with self-efficacy and asthma education. Few studies focus on asthma inequity. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess relationships between asthma control, race, asthma education, and healthcare utilization amongst asthmatic children residing in the Midwest. Secondary data from the Centers for Disease Control's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System's Asthma Call-back Survey were used (n=477,221). Participant characteristics were examined using descriptive statistics. A sequence of bivariate and logistic regression analysis was used to test each hypothesis. The findings revealed significant associations amongst asthma control, race, asthma education, and healthcare utilization. In addition, children with uncontrolled asthma have greater visits to the emergency department and to their pediatrician's office due to their asthma symptoms. Moreover, the study results indicated that African American children experienced uncontrolled asthma at a higher rate when compared to other children, consequently decreasing their quality of life. The study showed the need for policy change to expand funding and programs aimed at decreasing uncontrolled asthma by improving asthma education, especially in African American communities, in hope of empowering asthmatics to play a vital role in their health and increasing their quality of life.
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Crompton, Francis Benedict. "Aerobatics and body size in the midge Chironomus plumosus L." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289177.
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Williams, Ryan Williams. "Application of Spatial Analysis in the Incidence of the Gall Midge in Jamaican Hot Pepper Production." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34155.
Full textAbstract:
Jamaican farmers are experiencing constraints to hot pepper (Capsicum chinense) export production due to a quarantine pest -- the gall midge (Contarinia lycopersici; Prodiplosis longifila). There is a threat of gall midge introduction into the United States, where the insect pest is not known to occur. This research tests the significance of a range of variables to gall midge incidence. The purpose was to explain the spatial patterns that result from the relationships between gall midge incidence in hot pepper production and production methods and/or environmental conditions. There were three components to the sample of 47 farm visits: the interview, the hot pepper sampling, and the measurements of physical and locational attributes. Producers responded to questions about production methods, marketing, and quarantine issues. The percent of infested fruits per plot was calculated. GPS was used to record farm location. Using ArcView, environmental and climatic datasets were overlaid with farm locations and their attributes. Multiple regression was used to measure significance of variables to gall midge incidence. Cluster analyses were used to demonstrate the spatial patterns of the variability of gall midge incidence and its associated variables. There was significant effect on incidence by farm elevation, observance of pesticide-use recommendations, producer awareness of pre-clearance fumigation, and the use of intercropping in hot pepper production.<br>Master of Science
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Franzmann, Bernard Anthony. "Resistance to sorghum midge and management of panicle pests in sorghum /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18293.pdf.
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Hooper, Helen Louise. "Pesticide effects on resource-limited populations of the midge Chironomus riparius." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271583.
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Du, Chen. "Global analysis of microrna species in the gall midge Mayetiola destructor." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20375.
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Master of Science<br>Entomology<br>Ming-Shun Chen<br>Robert "Jeff" J. Whitworth<br>MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a role in nearly all the biological pathways and therefore may provide opportunities to develop new means to combat the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, a destructive pest of wheat. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of miRNA species via deep-sequencing samples from Hessian fly second instar larvae, pupae and adults. A total of 921 unique miRNA species were identified from approximately 30 million sequence reads. Among the 921 miRNA species, only 22 were conserved among Hessian fly and other insect species, and 242 miRNA species were unique to Hessian fly, the remaining 657 share certain sequence similarities with pre-miRNA genes identified from various insect species. The abundance of the 921 miRNA species based on sequence reads varies greatly among the three analyzed stages, with 20 exclusively expressed in adults, two exclusively expressed in pupae and two exclusively expressed in second instar larvae. For miRNA species expressed in all stages, 722 were with reads lower than 10. The abundance of the remaining 199 miRNA species varied from zero to more than eight-fold differences among different stages. Putative miRNA-encoding genes were analyzed for each miRNA species. A single putative gene was identified for 594 miRNA species. Two putative genes were identified for 138 miRNA species. Three or more putative genes were identified for 86 miRNA species. The three largest families had 14, 23 and 34 putative coding genes, respectively. No gene was identified for the remaining 103 miRNA species. In addition, 1516 putative target genes were identified for 490 miRNA species based on known criteria for miRNA targets. The putative target genes are involved in a wide range of processes from nutrient metabolism to encoding effector proteins. Analysis of the expression patterns of miRNA and pre-miRNA for the miRNA family PC-5p-67443, which contains 91 genes, revealed that miRNA and pre-miRNA were expressed differently in different developmental stages, suggesting that different isogenes are regulated by different mechanisms, or pre-miRNAs had other functions in addition to as an intermediate for miRNA biogenesis. The large set of miRNA species identified here provides a foundation for future research on miRNA functions in Hessian fly and for comparative studies in other species. The differential expression patterns between a pre-miRNA and its encoded mature miRNA in a multigene family is an initial step toward understanding the functional significance of isogenes in dramatically expanded miRNA families.
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Roubos, Craig Richard. "Monitoring and managing blueberry gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in rabbiteye blueberries." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024872.
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