Journal articles: 'Middle energy physics'

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Janhunen, P., A. Olsson, H. Laakso, and A. Vaivads. "Middle-energy electron anisotropies in the auroral region." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-237-2004.

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Abstract. Field-aligned anisotropic electron distribution functions of T∥ > T⊥ type are observed on auroral field lines at both low and high altitudes. We show that typically the anisotropy is limited to a certain range of energies, often below 1keV, although sometimes extending to slightly higher energies as well. Almost always there is simultaneously an isotropic electron distribution at higher energies. Often the anisotropies are up/down symmetrical, although cases with net upward or downward electron flow also occur. For a statistical analysis of the anisotropies we divide the energy range into low (below 100eV), middle (100eV–1keV) and high (above 1keV) energies and develop a measure of anisotropy expressed in density units. The statistical magnetic local time and invariant latitude distribution of the middle-energy anisotropies obeys that of the average auroral oval, whereas the distributions of the low and high energy anisotropies are more irregular. This suggests that it is specifically the middle-energy anisotropies that have something to do with auroral processes. The anisotropy magnitude decreases monotonically with altitude, as one would expect, because electrons have high mobility along the magnetic field and thus, the anisotropy properties spread rapidly to different altitudes. Key words. Magnetospheric physics (auroral phenomena). Space plasma physics (wave-particle interactions; changed particle motion and acceleration)

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Pei, Yujuan, Xiaoran Liu, Fangdi Wen, M. Kareev, Ruyi Zhang, Yang Song, Jiachang Bi, Yanwei Cao, and Jak Chakhalian. "Probing emergent excitations with middle-energy electron energy loss spectroscopy." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 128, no. 5 (February 4, 2020): 57001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/128/57001.

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Chen, Weilong, Zhijun Wang, Shuhui Liu, Chi Feng, Mengxin Xu, Weiping Dou, Xin Qi, Xiaoying Zhao, Haoye Wang, and Yuan He. "Physics design of the CiADS MEBT." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 17 (June 7, 2021): 2150127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x2150127x.

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The superconducting linac for China initiative Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (CiADS) is the world-leading ADS-driver under construction with state-of-the-art technologies. This system is designed to accelerate a 5 mA proton beam to 500 MeV energy, and then delivering 2.5 MW of beam power to the neutron production target. The Middle Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) is designed with great emphasis on smoothing matching between the upstream and downstream acceleration sections, beam diagnostics layout and beam quality control. It is proposed and successfully implemented to immigrate the phase space distortion and reduce the increase of beam emittance. The acceptance of MEBT is optimized to make all the particles inside the effective acceptance of the superconducting section even with machine errors. This pertinent design of MEBT is suitable for the high-power superconducting accelerator of CiADS.

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Pujadas-Gispert, E., C. C. Korevaar, M. Alsailani, and S. P. G. Moonen. "LINKING CONSTRUCTIVE AND ENERGY INNOVATIONS FOR A NET ZERO-ENERGY BUILDING." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.15.1.153.

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INTRODUCTION This article explains the design, construction and energy strategies of LINQ, a netzero energy building that was successfully entered into the Solar Decathlon Middle East 2018 held in Dubai. Students of engineering, building physics, architecture and urban planning designed, built and operated LINQ. It is mainly powered by solar energy and made of bio-materials. Some of LINQ's innovations are the ventilated façade with customizable bio-based tiles, the indirect evaporative water cooling system, and the light building integrated photovoltaic-thermal system. LINQ sent more energy to the grid than it drew throughout the competition. However, energy production could have been improved according to simulations and technical specifications. LINQ is a good example of current and future building expectations—combining multiple criteria, strategies, and solutions—to contribute to environmental, social and economic sustainability.

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Mufida, S. N., P. Sinaga, and A. Samsudin. "Identification of physics problem-solving skills on senior high school students: An evaluation of e-learning during Covid-19 pandemic in Tuban." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2098, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2098/1/012017.

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Abstract On the topic of work and energy, students learned the concepts of work and energy, the relationship between work and energy changes, the law of conservation energy, power, and its application in daily-life. This research aimed to identify and evaluate the achievement of physics problem-solving skills of senior high school students on work and energy topics in distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The quantitative method used was preexperiment with a one-shot case study design. The subjects were determined using the cluster sampling technique. The sample was 246 students of tenth-grade from three schools, namely in the city, middle, and suburb location in Tuban East Java Indonesia. The research results were analyzed by using descriptive quantitative. This research instrument used essay questions and teacher questionnaires. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that the mean of three schools differed significantly by 0.002<0.05. The overall students’ physics problem-solving skills on the topic of work and energy are classified as moderate. The fact of these findings suggests that students still have difficulty in useful description, physics approach, specific application of physics, mathematical procedures, and logical progression and consistent reasons. It is necessary to develop teaching materials that can train physics problem-solving skills.

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Supraptono, Eko, Henry Ananta, and Sisca Damayanti. "Recloser system technology on middle voltage transmission of electric energy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1444 (January 2020): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1444/1/012015.

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NI, WEI-TOU. "GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, DARK ENERGY AND INFLATION." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 11n12 (April 20, 2010): 922–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310000071.

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In this paper we first present a complete classification of gravitational waves according to their frequencies: (i) Ultra high frequency band (above 1 THz); (ii) Very high frequency band (100 kHz–1 THz); (iii) High frequency band (10 Hz–100 kHz); (iv) Middle frequency band (0.1 Hz–10 Hz); (v) Low frequency band (100 nHz–0.1 Hz); (vi) Very low frequency band (300 pHz–100 nHz); (vii) Ultra low frequency band (10 fHz–300 pHz); (viii) Hubble (extremely low) frequency band (1 aHz–10 fHz); (ix) Infra-Hubble frequency band (below 1 aHz). After briefly discussing the method of detection for different frequency bands, we review the concept and status of space gravitational-wave missions — LISA, ASTROD, ASTROD-GW, Super-ASTROD, DECIGO and Big Bang Observer. We then address to the determination of dark energy equation, and probing the inflationary physics using space gravitational wave detectors.

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Wittmann, Michael C., Laura A. Millay, Carolina Alvarado, Levi Lucy, Joshua Medina, and Adam Rogers. "Applying the resources framework of teaching and learning to issues in middle school physics instruction on energy." American Journal of Physics 87, no. 7 (July 2019): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.5110285.

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Baccaro, S., A. Cecilia, A. Cemmi, E. Mihokova, M. Nikl, K. Nitsch, P. Polato, G. Zanella, and R. Zannoni. "Colour centres induced by γ irradiation in scintillating glassy matrices for middle and low energy physics experiments." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 185, no. 1-4 (December 2001): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(01)00760-1.

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ZHELEZNYKH, IGOR. "EARLY YEARS OF HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINO PHYSICS IN COSMIC RAYS AND NEUTRINO ASTRONOMY (1957-1962)." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, supp01 (July 2006): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06033271.

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Ideas of deep underground and deep underwater detection of high-energy cosmic neutrinos were firstly suggested by Moisey Markov in the end of 50th. Frederic Reines was one of those who first detected high-energy atmospheric neutrinos in underground experiments in the middle of 60th (as well as low energy reactor neutrinos 10 years earlier!). Markov and Reines closely collaborated in 70th – 80th in discussion of alternative techniques for large-scale neutrino telescopes. Some events of 50 – 80 years relating to the development of a new branch of Astronomy – the High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy, in which Markov and Reines took part, were described in my talk at ARENA Workshop. Below the first part of my talk at the Workshop is presented describing discussions and meetings the neutrino physics and astrophysics relating to the period 1957-1962 when I was Markov's student and later post-graduated student.

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Gao, H., L. Zhang, Z. Chen, Y. Xing, and S. Li. "Beam Hardening Correction for Middle-Energy Industrial Computerized Tomography." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 53, no. 5 (October 2006): 2796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2006.879825.

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Rodríguez-Hernández, B., N. Oldani, A. Martínez-Mesa, L. Uranga-Piña, S. Tretiak, and S. Fernandez-Alberti. "Photoexcited energy relaxation and vibronic couplings in π-conjugated carbon nanorings." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 27 (2020): 15321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01452d.

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Anagnostopoulos, G. C., N. Paschalidis, and A. N. Littas. "Energy time dispersion of a new class of magnetospheric ion events observed near the Earth's bow shock." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2000): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0028-8.

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Abstract. We have analyzed high time resolution (\\geq6 s) data during the onset and the decay phase of several energetic (\\geq35 keV) ion events observed near the Earth's bow shock by the CCE/AMPTE and IMP-7/8 spacecraft, during times of intense substorm/geomagnetic activity. We found that forward energy dispersion at the onset of events (earlier increase of middle energy ions) and/or a delayed fall of the middle energy ion fluxes at the end of events are often evident in high time resolution data. The energy spectra at the onset and the decay of this kind of events show a characteristic hump at middle (50-120 keV) energies and the angular distributions display either anisotropic or broad forms. The time scale of energy dispersion in the ion events examined was found to range from several seconds to \\sim1 h depending on the ion energies compared and on the rate of variation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) direction. Several canditate processes are discussed to explain the observations and it is suggested that a rigidity dependent transport process of magnetospheric particles within the magnetosheath is most probably responsible for the detection of this new type of near bow shock magnetospheric ion events. The new class of ion events was observed within both the magnetosheath and the upstream region.Key words. Interplanetary physics (energetic particles; planetary bow shocks)

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Sakharov, Ya A., S. A. Zolotoi, A. M. Merzly, A. M. Sadovsky, A. A. Petrukovich, A. T. Yanakov, O. V. Nikiforov, and V. N. Selivanov. "Evaluating the Impact of Magnetospheric Disturbances on Energy Systems in Middle Latitudes." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 87, no. 7 (July 2023): 994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873823702271.

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Khrennikov, Andrei. "‘Social Laser’: action amplification by stimulated emission of social energy." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2058 (January 13, 2016): 20150094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0094.

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The problem of the ‘explanation’ of recent social explosions, especially in the Middle East, but also in Southern Europe and the USA, has been debated actively in the social and political literature. We can mention the contributions of P. Mason, F. Fukuyama, E. Schmidt, J. Cohen and I. Krastev to this debate. We point out that the diversity of opinions and conclusions is really amazing. At the moment, there is no consistent and commonly acceptable theory of these phenomena. We present a model of social explosions based on a novel approach for the description of social processes, namely the quantum-like approach. Here quantum theory is treated simply as an operational formalism—without any direct relation to physics. We explore the quantum-like laser model to describe the possibility of action amplification by stimulated emission of social energy.

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Naili, Basma, István Háber, and István Kistelegdi. "Simulation-supported design of high-rise office building envelope." Pollack Periodica 17, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2021.00253.

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Abstract The reduction of energy consumption is a major issue nowadays that should be considered during the design process. High-rise buildings represent a building type with significantly high energy consumption. They serve typically as offices with fully glazed façades, generating considerable energy demand. This study aims to optimize the envelope and the shading systems of a high-rise office building (Middle Europe). For this purpose, multiple façade variants were tested by assessing the thermal and visual comfort, as well as energy demand. The IDA ICE 4.8 building energy simulation program was used for thermal and lighting modeling and to carry out building physics calculations. Results revealed the best performing, optimized façade configuration in terms of comfort and energy efficiency.

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LINDSEY, CLARK S., THOMAS LINDBLAD, GIVI SEKHNIAIDZE, G. SZÉKELY, and M. MINERSKJÖLD. "EXPERIENCE WITH THE IBM ZISC036 NEURAL NETWORK CHIP." International Journal of Modern Physics C 06, no. 04 (August 1995): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183195000460.

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The new IBM Zero Instruction Set Computer (ZISC) provides a radial basis function neural network. The first generation chip (ZISC036) allows for 64 8-bit inputs, 36 RBF neurons in the middle layer, and up to 16383 possible output categories. Forward processing takes 4μs with a 20MHz clock. Cascading multiple chips increases the number of available RBF’s with no increase in processing time. The chip also executes a learning algorithm. We report on tests of the ZISC with a high energy physics related task.

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Sihite, Pedro Aldriner, Muhammad Farid, and Afrizal Mayub. "Implementasi Pembelajaran Discovery Learning pada Materi Temperatur, Tekanan dan Energi untuk Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Fisika di SMA Kelas X." PENDIPA Journal of Science Education 3, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/pendipa.3.2.90-94.

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ABSTRACT[Implementation Of Discovery Learning (Dl) On Temperature, Force And Energy Material To Improve The Physics Learning At Grade X SMA]. This research aimed to describe the improvement of students’ cognitive learning result which was taught by using Discovery Learning (DL) model in teaching temperature, pressure, and energy materials at SMAN 1 Bengkulu Tengah and also to describe the differences of the improvement of students’ cognitive result between high, middle, and low group students. The subject of this research is grade X ipa 1 SMAN 1 Bengkulu Tengah students with total 30 students. This research was a quasi experiment research with one group pretest and posttest design. The data was collected by using test instrument which was multiple choice questions. The data of students’ score at the final test on the last semester became the base of grouping students’ score for high, middle, and low group. The data of pretest and posttest was analyzed descriptively and counted by using gain score which has been normalized and also analyzed by using Anava test. The result of N-gain based on the group which was high group was 0,74; middle group was 0,52; and low group was 0,38. Based on the Anova test which was done to know the differences of students’ cognitive result among the students’ group, it was found Fcount 4,04 > Ftable 3,35 and sig.1,81 ? 4,95. The conclusion of this research was Discovery Learning (DL) model in physics learning for temperature, pressure, and energy materials can improve the students’ cognitive result and there was a significant difference on the improvement of students’ cognitive learning result among high, middle, and low group of students. Keywords: Discovery Learning; Temperature, Pressure and Energy; Cognitive Learning.(Received November 19, 2018; Accepted April 15, 2019; Published June 18, 2019) AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning (DL) dalam pembelajaran Temperatur, Tekanan dan Energi di SMA N 1 Bengkulu Tengah serta menjelaskan perbedaan peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif antara siswa kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas XIpa1 SMA N 1 Bengkulu Tengah yang berjumlah 30 orang siswa. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi Eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest and posttest design. Data hasil belajar kognitif siswa diperoleh dengan instrumen tes yaitu soal pilihan ganda. Data hasil nilai uijan semester ganjil menjadi dasar pengelompokan siswa ke dalam kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Data hasil belajar kognitif berdasarkan nilai pretest dan posttest dianalisis secara deskriptif dan dihitung dengan menggunakan skor gain yang dinormalisasi serta dianalisis menggunakan uji Anava. Hasil penelitian N-gain berdasarkan kelompok yaitu kelompok tinggi sebesar 0,74; kelompok sedang sebesar 0,52; dan kelompok rendah sebesar 0,38. Berdasarkan uji anova yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif antar kelompok siswa diperoleh Fhitung 4,04 > Ftabel 3,35 dan nilai sig. 1,81 ? 4,95. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran Discovery Learning (DL) dalam pembelajaran fisika materi Temperatur, Tekanan dan Energi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa dan terdapat perbedaan peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif yang signifikan antara siswa kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah.Kata kunci: Discovery Learning; Temperatur, Tekanan dan Energi; Hasil belajar kognitif.

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Sihite, Pedro Aldriner, Muhammad Farid, and Afrizal Mayub. "Implementasi Pembelajaran Discovery Learning pada Materi Temperatur, Tekanan dan Energi untuk Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Fisika di SMA Kelas X." PENDIPA Journal of Science Education 3, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/pendipa.v3i2.7696.

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ABSTRACT[Implementation Of Discovery Learning (Dl) On Temperature, Force And Energy Material To Improve The Physics Learning At Grade X SMA]. This research aimed to describe the improvement of students’ cognitive learning result which was taught by using Discovery Learning (DL) model in teaching temperature, pressure, and energy materials at SMAN 1 Bengkulu Tengah and also to describe the differences of the improvement of students’ cognitive result between high, middle, and low group students. The subject of this research is grade X ipa 1 SMAN 1 Bengkulu Tengah students with total 30 students. This research was a quasi experiment research with one group pretest and posttest design. The data was collected by using test instrument which was multiple choice questions. The data of students’ score at the final test on the last semester became the base of grouping students’ score for high, middle, and low group. The data of pretest and posttest was analyzed descriptively and counted by using gain score which has been normalized and also analyzed by using Anava test. The result of N-gain based on the group which was high group was 0,74; middle group was 0,52; and low group was 0,38. Based on the Anova test which was done to know the differences of students’ cognitive result among the students’ group, it was found Fcount 4,04 > Ftable 3,35 and sig.1,81 ? 4,95. The conclusion of this research was Discovery Learning (DL) model in physics learning for temperature, pressure, and energy materials can improve the students’ cognitive result and there was a significant difference on the improvement of students’ cognitive learning result among high, middle, and low group of students. Keywords: Discovery Learning; Temperature, Pressure and Energy; Cognitive Learning.(Received November 19, 2018; Accepted April 15, 2019; Published June 18, 2019) AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning (DL) dalam pembelajaran Temperatur, Tekanan dan Energi di SMA N 1 Bengkulu Tengah serta menjelaskan perbedaan peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif antara siswa kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas XIpa1 SMA N 1 Bengkulu Tengah yang berjumlah 30 orang siswa. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi Eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest and posttest design. Data hasil belajar kognitif siswa diperoleh dengan instrumen tes yaitu soal pilihan ganda. Data hasil nilai uijan semester ganjil menjadi dasar pengelompokan siswa ke dalam kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Data hasil belajar kognitif berdasarkan nilai pretest dan posttest dianalisis secara deskriptif dan dihitung dengan menggunakan skor gain yang dinormalisasi serta dianalisis menggunakan uji Anava. Hasil penelitian N-gain berdasarkan kelompok yaitu kelompok tinggi sebesar 0,74; kelompok sedang sebesar 0,52; dan kelompok rendah sebesar 0,38. Berdasarkan uji anova yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif antar kelompok siswa diperoleh Fhitung 4,04 > Ftabel 3,35 dan nilai sig. 1,81 ? 4,95. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran Discovery Learning (DL) dalam pembelajaran fisika materi Temperatur, Tekanan dan Energi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa dan terdapat perbedaan peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif yang signifikan antara siswa kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah.Kata kunci: Discovery Learning; Temperatur, Tekanan dan Energi; Hasil belajar kognitif.

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Ding, Chi, Junjie Wang, Yu Han, Jianan Yuan, Hao Gao, and Jian Sun. "High Energy Density Polymeric Nitrogen Nanotubes inside Carbon Nanotubes." Chinese Physics Letters 39, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 036101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/39/3/036101.

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Polymeric nitrogen as a new class of high energy density materials has promising applications. We develop a new scheme of crystal structure searching in a confined space using external confining potentials fitted from first-principles calculations. As a showcase, this method is employed to systematically explore novel polymeric nitrogen structures confined in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Several quasi-one-dimensional single-bonded polymeric nitrogen structures are realized, two of them are composed of nanotubes instead of chains. These new polymeric nitrogen phases are mechanically stable at ambient pressure and temperature according to phonon calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. It is revealed that the stabilization of zigzag and armchair chains confined in carbon nanotubes are mostly attributed to the charge transfer from carbon to nitrogen. However, for the novel nitrogen nanotube systems, electrons overlapping in the middle space provide strong Coulomb repulsive forces, which not only induce charge transfer from the middle to the sides but also stabilize the polymeric nitrogen. Our work provides a new strategy for designing novel high-energy-density polymeric nitrogen materials, as well as other new materials with the help of confined space inside porous systems, such as nanotubes, covalent organic frameworks, and zeolites.

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Wang, Li, and Qingpu Zhang. "An agent-based simulation model for IING’s adoption from a perspective of kinetic energy and potential energy." Kybernetes 47, no. 3 (March 5, 2018): 605–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2017-0397.

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Purpose Internet-based intangible network good (IING) has revolutionized multiple industries in recent years. This paper aims to reveal the laws of consumer’s decision-making on IING from a perspective of kinetic energy and potential energy. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, 4 aspects and 17 factors influencing IING adoption were generalized. Based on the theory of social physics, an agent-based simulation model, introducing physical energy theory to depict consumer’s decision-making, was built. An agent’s kinetic energy reflects the agent’s perceived effect of mass media on the agent’s decision-making on IING adoption. An agent’s potential energy reflects the agent’s perceived effect of social interactions on the agent’s decision-making on the adoption of IING. An agent’s final energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy, which reflects the agent’s final decision. Findings Some factors mainly influence the diffusion velocity, while other factors have a dramatic impact on both diffusion velocity and diffusion scale. The agent’s personality can make a difference at the early and middle stages of IING adoption, but a faint impact at the later stage because of the effects of network externalities and word of mouth. There is a critical value of the number of initial adopters which can dramatically speed up IING adoption. Practical implications This study provides new insights for firms on the effects of factors influencing consumers’ decision-making on IING adoption. Originality/value This paper defines a new kind of innovation, IING, and generalizes IING’s special characteristics. As a new application of social physics, the physical energy theory has been creatively introduced to depict consumer’s decision-making on IING adoption. A kinetic and potential energy model of IING adoption has been built. Based on simulation experiments, new insights of IING adoption have been gained.

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Yin, M. L., C. W. Zou, M. Li, C. S. Liu, L. P. Guo, and D. J. Fu. "Middle-frequency magnetron sputtering for GaN growth." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 262, no. 2 (September 2007): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.05.034.

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Rolston, D. E. "Historical development of soil-water physics and solute transport in porous media." Water Supply 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.007.

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The science of soil-water physics and contaminant transport in porous media began a little more than a century ago. The first equation to quantify the flow of water is attributed to Darcy. The next major development for unsaturated media was made by Buckingham in 1907. Buckingham quantified the energy state of soil water based on the thermodynamic potential energy. Buckingham then introduced the concept of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, a function of water content. The water flux as the product of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and the total potential gradient has become the accepted Buckingham-Darcy law. Two decades later, Richards applied the continuity equation to Buckingham's equation and obtained a general partial differential equation describing water flow in unsaturated soils. For combined water and solute transport, it had been recognized since the latter half of the 19th century that salts and water do not move uniformly. It wasn't until the middle of the 20th century that scientists began to understand the complex processes of diffusion, dispersion, and convection and to develop mathematical formulations for solute transport. Knowledge on water flow and solute transport processes has expanded greatly since the early part of the 20th century to the present.

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Ogawa, T., M. Takao, M. M. A. Alam, S. Okuhara, and Y. Kinoue. "A study of counter-rotating impulse turbine for wave energy conversion-effect of middle vane thickness on the performance-." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2217, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2217/1/012073.

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Abstract In an oscillating water column (OWC) based wave energy device, a water column that oscillates due to the sea wave motion generates a bi-directional airflow in an air chamber, and finally, the bi-directional airflow driven air turbine converts the pneumatic energy into mechanical energy. The counter-rotating impulse turbine for bi-directional airflow has been proposed by M. E. McCormick of the United States Naval Academy in 1978. In a previous study, the authors investigated the effect of the turbine geometry on the performance of a counter-rotating impulse turbine for bi-directional airflow, and it was clarified that the efficiency of the turbine is higher than an impulse turbine with a single rotor for bi-directional airflow in a range of high flow coefficient. Moreover, this impulse turbine has a disadvantage that the efficiency in a range of low flow coefficient is remarkably low due to the deterioration of the flow between the two rotors. In this study, in order to make the counter-rotating impulse turbine practically compatible, the thickness of the middle vanes installed between the two rotors was changed, and the effect of the thickness on the turbine performance was investigated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. As a result, it was found that the efficiency of the counter-rotating impulse turbine with middle vanes increases as the thickness of the middle vanes decreased.

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Torres Vidaurre, A. V., and E. Saettone. "Energy and economic evaluation of a middle-sized CSP parabolic field in an agro-industrial company." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2180, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2180/1/012003.

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Abstract The energy assessment carried out in a middle-sized CSP parabolic field of 120 m2 is presented; it provides pre-heating water at 70°C to the boilers of the lemon essential oil extraction process in an agro-industrial company located in Piura, at the border of Sechura desert in Peru. The parabolic cylindrical solar concentrators are made with glass reflectors, an automatic solar tracking system, and collector tubes through which water flows. It was measured that each collector converts solar energy and transfer it as a thermal energy to the water with an average efficiency of 18.1%. Considering this result, theoretically the whole solar field could provide 550.37 GJ/year for water preheating, which is equivalent to saving 28151.8 liters of LPG, and 46.87 tons of CO2 released to the environment. However, after a year of operation, the solar field provided only 99.59 GJ for water preheating, saving 4 705.26 liters of LPG, equivalent to stop emitting 7.69 tons of CO2 to the environment. An overall thermal energy efficiency of the CSP solar field in 18.1% was estimated. According to the financial assessment with the actual annual data, the period of recovery of the investment is estimated to be 4.4 years, 3.6 more years than theoretical projection.

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Afrosimov, V. V., R. N. Il’in, V. I. Sakharov, and I. T. Serenkov. "Diagnostics of films and layers of nanometer thickness using middle energy ion scattering technique." Semiconductors 41, no. 4 (April 2007): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063782607040252.

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Z, Rahmi Putri, Jumadi Jumadi, Ariswan Ariswan, Ratnasari Ratnasari, and Depi Oktasari. "The Effectiveness of Teachers’ Use of Lecture Model Combined with Cooperative Learning Method for Enhancing Students’ Problem-Solving Skills in Physics." Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika 5, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/1.05203.

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This study investigates the effect of the use of teachers’ Lecture models combined with cooperative learning methods to improve students’ problem-solving skills in physics compare with the control group who were not exposed to the lecture model combined with cooperative learning methods from effect size value. The research method was a quasi-experimental research. The sample consisted of 33 students of 10th grade in middle schools (senior high school), SMAN 1 Sungai Penuh, Jambi Province where they ware learn at work and energy concept. Students' achievements, as well as their problem-solving skills of work and energy concept were assessed by pretest-posttest with an essay test. The results showed that the experimental group’s learning process has a high effect size value to problem-solving skills more than control group learning process. That shows the lecture model combined with cooperative learning method more effective than lecture model.

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Mecke, Klaus R. "Integral Geometry in Statistical Physics." International Journal of Modern Physics B 12, no. 09 (April 10, 1998): 861–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979298000491.

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The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of a morphological characterization of patterns in Statistical Physics. Integral geometry furnishes a suitable family of morphological descriptors, known as Minkowski functionals. They characterize not only the connectivity (topology) but also the content and shape (geometry) of spatial patterns. Integral geometry provides also powerful theorems and formulae, which makes the calculus convenient for many models of stochastic geometries, for instance, for the Boolean grain model. This model generates random structures in space by overlapping bodies or "grains" (balls, sticks) each with arbitrary location and orientation. We illustrate the integral geometric approach to stochastic geometries by applying morphological measures to such diverse topics as percolation, complex fluids, and the large-scale structure of the universe: (A) Porous media may be generated by overlapping holes of arbitrary shape distributed uniformly in space. The percolation thresold of such porous media can be estimated accurately in terms of the morphology of the distributed pores. (B) Under rather natural assumptions a general expression for the Hamiltonian of complex fluids can be derived that includes energy contributions related to the morphology of the spatial domains of homogeneous mesophases. We find that the Euler characteristic in the Hamiltonian stabilizes a highly connected bicontinuous structure resembling the middle-phase in oil-water microemulsions, for instance. (C) Morphological measures are a novel method for the description of complex spatial structures aiming for relevant order parameters and structure information complement to correlation functions. Typical applications address Turing patterns in chemical reaction diffusion systems, homogeneous phases evolving during spinodal decomposition, and the distribution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies in the Universe as a prominent example of a point process in nature.

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Basok, B. I., Ye T. Baseyev, and I. V. Kurayeva. "GLOBAL WARMING - PHYSICS AND GEOPOLITICS (Review). 2. Policies to mitigate the negative impact of climate change and adapt to it." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.2.2021.4.

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Introduction. Reducing the negative impact of global warming and adapting to its devastating effects is an urgent global problem. Its decision is actively taken care of by politicians, leading world organizations and the expert community. Problems. Political, financial and economic, innovative, scientific and technical approaches and measures to reduce and / or neutralize climate change are widely discussed. World organizations - IPCC, IEA, WMO, IMF, etc. - are involved in solving the problems. Purpose. Assess the state of the problem, present the results of research and measures and tools for their implementation to reduce the greenhouse effect and / or adapt to its negative impact. Materials and methods. Authoritative literature sources with analysis of approaches, measures and tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including the diversification of the fuel and energy balance of world energy resources, were used. Possibilities of adaptation to climate change are considered. Results. The main approaches and mechanisms of man-caused nature to actually reduce greenhouse gas emissions and global temperature in the 20th century are identified and their estimates for the period up to 2050 are given. The crucial role of RES and energy efficiency in the use of energy resources has been confirmed. Conclusions. It is likely that by the middle of the 20th century the world economy can be brought to a state of low-carbon development primarily through the use of renewable energy, energy efficiency, diversification of primary energy resources and their decarbonization, which will significantly reduce annual emissions of 10 carbon .

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Saracoglu, Goksel. "Obtaining The Fracture Resistance Curve Using The General Displacement." Mechanics 29, no. 1 (February 6, 2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.mech.31368.

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In this paper, the energy release energy corresponding to the unit crack propagation obtained from the displacement controlled load-displacement plot is equalized to the elastic energy release rate, and the variation of stiffness based on the crack length is obtained. For this purpose, instead of measuring the amount of crack mouth opening in the single edge-cracked tensile specimen, the extensiometer elongation amount was taken in the middle part of the specimen. Thanks to the equality of the stiffness to the crack length, the transformation of the load-displacement curve into the material resistance curve was realized.

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Yeh, T. R., M. Wen, C. C. Tzeng, D. J. Shang, C. K. Yeh, K. S. Wu, Y. Y. Kuo, and W. S. Hou. "Neutron localization measurements from a two-gun plasma focus device." Laser and Particle Beams 7, no. 4 (November 1989): 773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006248.

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The simultaneous formation of the two deuterium plasma foci has been reported recently by Hou et al. in a Mather type two-gun plasma focus assembly with maximum bank energy of ∼700 kJ. In addition, these plasmas will evolve and then produce a disk-shaped plasma in the middle of the two plasma foci. Soft X-ray filter techniques which allow measurements of the electron temperature at both pinch points and the middle point yielded a few hundred eV for these three regions. Neutron localization measurements which were carried out with a collimator and a scintillator-fiber-photomultiplier assembly indicate that an enhancement of ∼80% in neutron yield is observed in the middle region as the separation between two electrodes is 9.1cm. Further experimental evidence shows that the neutron production in the middle region is the result of the beam-beam interaction in nature.

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Arunachalam, V. S., and E. L. Fleischer. "The Global Energy Landscape and Materials Innovation." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 4 (April 2008): 264–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.61.

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AbstractAvailability of affordable energy has enabled spectacular growth of industrialization and human development in all parts of the world. With growth now accelerating in developing countries, demands on energy sources and infrastructure are being stretched to new limits. Additional energy issues include the push for renewable resources with reduced greenhouse gas emissions and energy security affected by the uneven distribution of energy resources around the globe. Together, these issues present a field of opportunity for innovations to address energy challenges throughout the world and all along the energy flow. These energy challenges form the backdrop for this special expanded issue of MRS Bulletin on Harnessing Materials for Energy. This article introduces the global landscape of materials issues associated with energy. It examines the complex web of energy availability, production, storage, transmission, distribution, use, and efficiency. It focuses on the materials challenges that lie at the core of these areas and discusses how revolutionary concepts can address them. Cross-cutting topics are introduced and interrelationships between topics explored. Article topics are set in the context of the grand energy challenges that face the world into the middle of this century.

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Přech, L., Z. Nĕmeček, J. Šafránková, and A. Omar. "Actively produced high-energy electron bursts within the magnetosphere: the APEX project." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 10 (October 31, 2002): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1529-2002.

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Abstract. The APEX project (Active Plasma Experiment) has been launched into a polar orbit in December 1991 and consists of two satellites (IK-25 and MAGION-3), with a distance between them from 200 km to 10 000 km. The mission used intensive electron beam emission, complemented by a low-energy Xenon plasma generator during the electron beam injection, for the study of dynamic processes in the magnetosphere and upper ionosphere. The paper deals with short, intensive bursts of field-aligned electrons observed during the APEX mission on board the MAGION-3 satellite. These events are located pre-dominantly at the middle geomagnetic latitudes in the day-side magnetosphere. The time-energy structure of these electron bursts is similar to the inverted-V one, but the pitch-angle width is less than 10°. Electrons with an energy up to 700 keV are often observed during the events. We analyze the observed events, discuss the possible mechanisms of the particle spreading, and the role of the main satellite’s activity as a possible source of these events.Key words. Ionosphere (particle acceleration; particle precipitation) – Space plasma physics (active perturbation experiments)

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Makhov, Dmitry V., Sian Adeyemi, Mary Cowperthwaite, and Dmitrii V. Shalashilin. "Simulation of the dynamics of vibrationally mediated photodissociation for deuterated pyrrole." Journal of Physics Communications 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 025001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac4d39.

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Abstract The dynamics of photodissociation for vibrationally pre-excited deuterated pyrrole molecules is simulated using ab initio multiple cloning (AIMC) approach. Total kinetic energy release (TKER) spectra and dissociation times are calculated. The results for pyrrole and deuterated pyrrole molecules with and without vibrational pre-excitation are compared. Calculations show that, as expected, the kinetic energy of additional dissociation fragments is lower in deuterated pyrrole and mostly located in the upper-middle part of the TKER spectrum. However, despite lower energy of dissociative bond vibrations, pre-excitation of deuterated pyrrole leads to higher dissociation yield increase than in pyrrole and significantly shortens dissociation time.

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LÓPEZ-AGUILAR, F., and J. COSTA-QUINTANA. "SELF-ENERGIES, RENORMALIZATION FACTOR, LUTTINGER SUM RULE AND QUASIPARTICLE STRUCTURE OF THE HUBBARD SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 06, no. 13 (July 10, 1992): 2375–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979292001195.

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In this paper, we give a method for obtaining the renormalized electronic structure of the Hubbard systems. The first step is the determination of the self-energy beyond the Hartree-Fock approximation. This self-energy is constructed from several dielectric response functions. The second step is the determination of the quasiparticle band structure calculation which is performed from an appropriate modification of the augmented plane wave method. The third step consists in the determination of the renormalized density of states deduced from the spectral functions. The analysis of the renormalized density of states of the strongly correlated systems leads to the conclusion that there exist three types of resonances in their electronic structures, the lower energy resonances (LER), the middle energy resonances (MER) and the upper energy resonances (UER). In addition, we analyze the conditions for which the Luttinger theorem is satisfied. All of these questions are determined in a characteristic example which allows to test the theoretical method.

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Shahgholian, Sepehr, Mahdi Taheri, and Mehdi Jahangiri. "Investigating the Cost-Effectiveness of Solar Electricity Compared to Grid Electricity in the Capitals of Middle Eastern Countries: A Residential Scale Case Study." International Journal of Photoenergy 2023 (April 18, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8028307.

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Despite of being rich in fossil fuels, the Middle East is currently the main energy consumer and is projected to have the highest growth in energy demand in the world. Due to its great potential in the Middle East, solar energy can play an important role in the plans of energy decision-makers in the region. According to the studies done so far, no study has been done to show the potential benefit of using home-scale solar systems in the Middle East. Therefore, in this work for the first time, the potential of solar electricity production in the capitals of Middle Eastern countries has been studied using HOMER V2.81 software. The investigations are technical, economic, energy, and environmental, and the studied solar system is connected to the national electricity grid. The results showed that in Nicosia, due to the sale of electricity to the grid, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is equal to -0.759 $, which is the lowest price for produced electricity and leads to a return on investment time of 5.69 years for this system. The solar fraction for the Nicosia station is 92%, which prevents the emission of more than 8 tons of CO2 pollutants during the year. The highest value of LCOE with the amount of $0.25 is related to Sana’a, whose investment return time, solar fraction, and annual CO2 emission prevention amount are 14.1 years, 53%, and 1162 kg, respectively. Ranking analysis was done on the results of 5 outputs of the HOMER software as well as 3 other influential parameters using 4 multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. TOPSIS, GRA, WSM, and AHP methods were used, and the final ranking of each station was considered the average of the 4 methods. According to the results, Cyprus and Kuwait stations were the best and worst, respectively.

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Sipos, András A., Gábor Domokos, and János Török. "Particle size dynamics in abrading pebble populations." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-235-2021.

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Abstract. Abrasion of sedimentary particles in fluvial and eolian environments is widely associated with collisions encountered by the particle. Although the physics of abrasion is complex, purely geometric models recover the course of mass and shape evolution of individual particles in low- and middle-energy environments (in the absence of fragmentation) remarkably well. In this paper, we introduce the first model for the collision-driven collective mass evolution of sedimentary particles. The model utilizes results of the individual, geometric abrasion theory as a collision kernel; following techniques adopted in the statistical theory of coagulation and fragmentation, the corresponding Fokker–Planck equation is derived. Our model uncovers a startling fundamental feature of collective particle size dynamics: collisional abrasion may, depending on the energy level, either focus size distributions, thus enhancing the effects of size-selective transport, or it may act in the opposite direction by dispersing the distribution.

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Fitrasari, D., M. S. Arwansyah, K. Kawaguchi, A. Purqon, Suprijadi, and H. Nagao. "Theoretical Study of Dissociation Process of Plastocyanins by PaCS-MD Simulation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2207, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2207/1/012021.

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Abstract We present a procedure of calculation of free energy landscape of two proteins by using parallel cascade molecular dynamics (PaCS-MD) and multiple independent umbrella sampling (MIUS). The free energy landscape of two plastocyanins for association/dissociation process is investigate by using the present method. We find that binding free energy is around 1 kcal/mol and that the barrier energy at around the middle range between the equilibrium point and the dissociation state becomes about 1 kcal/mol from the association process. The present results suggest that the energy barrier may arise from hydrogen bonds between two plastocyanins. We also find that the effective interaction between two plastocyanins already vanishes at the distance of 2 Å from equilibrium state. The equilibrium point of the complex around 27.9 Å is a good agreement with the experimental result 27.8 Å

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Kobayashi, Koichi, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Satoshi Hatori, Chuichiro Nakano, Hiroshi Yamashita, Hajime Makita, and Yoko Sunohara. "Multi-nuclide AMS with a middle-sized tandem accelerator of MALT." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 172, no. 1-4 (October 2000): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(00)00222-6.

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Popescu, Mihaela, and Tore Flåtten. "A Study of Blockage Effects at the Wind Turbine and Wind Farm Scales." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 6124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196124.

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The paper provides novel insights into the physics behind the wind turbine and wind farm blockages as well as their effects on the energy yield based on the momentum and energy balance. The current work presents blockage effects at two scales: the local scale and the wind farm scale. We clarify the combined effect of local blockages when more than one turbine is present. The work demonstrates why two turbines, which are positioned one behind the other, induce a mutual decrease in energy yield. When the turbines are placed in a row, there is an increase of energy from the end to the middle of the row because of the restriction of the expansion flow. As in the case of two turbines placed behind each other, back rows induce a power decrease for the rows in front of them and the effect increases from the edge to the center. The work also elucidates for the first time how the power output of an isolated row has a maximum in the center, whereas, in a wind farm, wind turbines on the edge of the first row could have maximum power. The findings are supported by CFD.

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Al-Taai, OsamaT, Shiemaa A. Hashim, Wedyan G. Nassif, and Zainab M. Abbood. "Interference between Total Solar Radiation and Cloud Cover over Baghdad City." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2114, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2114/1/012070.

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Abstract Clouds greatly affect the elements of climate, energy balance, and solar radiation, which has increased the interest of many researchers in trying to find the best relationships and formulas that link these variables. In this work, the data of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was relied on. The research aims to find the overlap between Cloud Cover (Low, Middle, High, and Total), (LCC, MCC, HCC, and TCC) respectively, with Total Solar Radiation (TSR) of Baghdad city, for the period (1981-2013), the work was carried out with the monthly and annual data of the (Low, Middle, High, and Total) cloud cover and the total solar radiation falling on a horizontal surface. And by using the correlation coefficient Spearman rho test (rs) to find the strength of the relationship between total solar radiation and cloud cover, it was found that there is an inverse relationship between the total solar radiation falling on a horizontal surface and the (Low, Middle, High, and Total) cloud cover.

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42

Chauhan, Prashant, Deepika Anshu Varshney, and Vivek Sajal. "Electron acceleration by surface plasma waves in the presence of static magnetic field." Laser and Particle Beams 33, no. 1 (March 2015): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034615000130.

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AbstractElectron acceleration is studied during the resonant interaction of launched electron beam with the surface plasma wave (SPW) in the presence of static magnetic field. A configuration of two parallel metal sheets separated by a vacuum region supports the SPW of amplitude maximum on the two parallel interfaces and minimum in the middle. Kretschmann geometry is used to excite surface plasma mode by shinning laser on a glass prism. Dispersion relation of SPW is established in the presence of magnetic field and smaller cut-off frequencies are observed as compared with that of without magnetic field. An electron beam launched in the middle region, experiences a longitudinal ponderomotive force due to SPWs and gets accelerated to the velocity of the order of phase velocity of the surface wave. The energy gained by electron is higher in the presence of magnetic field as compared with zero magnetic field. The electron energy and trajectory are also presented for varying parameters such as amplitude of SPW and magnetic field strength. In the present scheme, electron beams can achieve maximum 550 KeV energy for the SPW amplitude ESP = 1.2 × 1011 V/m, plasma frequency ωp = 1.3 × 1016 rad/s, and cyclotron frequency ωc/ωp = 0.05.

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BONDARCHUCK, O., S. GOYSA, I. KOVAL, P. MEL'NIK, and M. NAKHODKIN. "SHORT-RANGE ORDER OF DISORDERED SOLID SURFACES FROM ELASTICALLY SCATTERED ELECTRON SPECTRA." Surface Review and Letters 04, no. 05 (October 1997): 965–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x97001139.

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The diffraction phenomenon of low- and middle-energy electrons for disordered solid surfaces was experimentally studied and a new electron spectroscopy technique for surface short-range order parameter determination proposed.

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Paydar, N., and C. Libove. "Bending of Sandwich Plates of Variable Thickness." Journal of Applied Mechanics 55, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173692.

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A small deflection theory, consisting of differential equations and a total potential energy expression, is presented for determining the stresses and deformations in variable thickness elastic sandwich plates symmetric about a middle surface. The theory takes into account the contribution of the face-sheet membrane forces (by virtue of their slopes) to the transverse shear. A finite-difference formulation of the stationary total potential energy principle is presented along with an illustrative application.

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Shi, Zongqian, Guiling Fu, Kun Wang, and Ziyang Cao. "Numerical investigation of negative polarity electrical explosion of aluminum wire in vacuum." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 11 (November 2022): 112709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0104349.

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Numerical investigation was carried out on the evolution of inhomogeneous energy deposition of polarity effects in negative polarity electrical explosion of aluminum wire in vacuum. First, radial electric field distribution of the aluminum wire was simulated. The results showed that the initial electric field near electrodes was much smaller than that in the middle of the wire. A model of electrical wire explosion based on ZEUS-EW with artificial limitation on breakdown time of the aluminum wire was used to simulate the behavior of inhomogeneous energy deposition of the polarity effect. The complete evolution process of electrical explosion of the aluminum wire with inhomogeneous energy deposition was further explored and qualitatively divided into three stages according to the simulation results. Finally, the influence of some factors on the inhomogeneous energy deposition simulation was investigated. This study provides some help for a better understanding of the polarity effect in the process of wire explosion.

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Sosnin, E. A., V. S. Kuznetsov, and V. A. Panarin. "Energy Release in a Thundercloud Necessary for the Formation of Middle Atmosphere Transient Light Phenomena." Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 34, no. 6 (November 2021): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1024856021060233.

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Hocking, W. K. "Measurement of turbulent energy dissipation rates in the middle atmosphere by radar techniques: A review." Radio Science 20, no. 6 (November 1985): 1403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rs020i006p01403.

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Tajiri, Hiroo, Hiroshi Yamazaki, Haruhiko Ohashi, Shunji Goto, Osami Sakata, and Tetsuya Ishikawa. "A middle energy-bandwidth X-ray monochromator for high-flux synchrotron diffraction: revisiting asymmetrically cut silicon crystals." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 3 (April 17, 2019): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519003473.

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To supply the growing demand for high photon flux in synchrotron science including surface diffraction, a middle energy-bandwidth monochromator covering the 10−4 to 10−3 range has been adapted by applying an asymmetric diffraction geometry to a cryogenically cooled silicon 111 double-crystal monochromator used as a standard for the undulator source at SPring-8. The asymmetric geometry provides a great advantage with its ability to configure flux gains over a wide energy range by simply changing the asymmetry angle, while the angular divergence of the exit beam remains unchanged. A monolithic design with three faces has been employed, having one symmetrically cut and another two asymmetrically cut surfaces relative to the same atomic plane, maintaining cooling efficiency and the capability of quickly changing the reflection surface. With the asymmetric geometry, an X-ray flux greater than 1014 photons s−1 was available around 12 keV. A maximum gain of 2.5 was obtained relative to the standard symmetric condition.

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Skoki, Arian, Alessio Rossi, Paolo Cintia, Luca Pappalardo, and Ivan Štajduhar. "Extended Energy-Expenditure Model in Soccer: Evaluating Player Performance in the Context of the Game." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 9842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249842.

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Every soccer game influences each player’s performance differently. Many studies have tried to explain the influence of different parameters on the game; however, none went deeper into the core and examined it minute-by-minute. The goal of this study is to use data derived from GPS wearable devices to present a new framework for performance analysis. A player’s energy expenditure is analyzed using data analytics and K-means clustering of low-, middle-, and high-intensity periods distributed in 1 min segments. Our framework exhibits a higher explanatory power compared to usual game metrics (e.g., high-speed running and sprinting), explaining 45.91% of the coefficient of variation vs. 21.32% for high-, 30.66% vs. 16.82% for middle-, and 24.41% vs. 19.12% for low-intensity periods. The proposed methods enable deeper game analysis, which can help strength and conditioning coaches and managers in gaining better insights into the players’ responses to various game situations.

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Liu, Chaoqun, Ping Lu, Lin Chen, and Yonghua Yan. "New Theories on Boundary Layer Transition and Turbulence Formation." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/619419.

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This paper is a short review of our recent DNS work on physics of late boundary layer transition and turbulence. Based on our DNS observation, we propose a new theory on boundary layer transition, which has five steps, that is, receptivity, linear instability, large vortex structure formation, small length scale generation, loss of symmetry and randomization to turbulence. For turbulence generation and sustenance, the classical theory, described with Richardson's energy cascade and Kolmogorov length scale, is not observed by our DNS. We proposed a new theory on turbulence generation that all small length scales are generated by “shear layer instability” through multiple level ejections and sweeps and consequent multiple level positive and negative spikes, but not by “vortex breakdown.” We believe “shear layer instability” is the “mother of turbulence.” The energy transferring from large vortices to small vortices is carried out by multiple level sweeps, but does not follow Kolmogorov's theory that large vortices pass energy to small ones through vortex stretch and breakdown. The loss of symmetry starts from the second level ring cycle in the middle of the flow field and spreads to the bottom of the boundary layer and then the whole flow field.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Middle energy physics'

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