Relevant bibliographies by topics / Middle East Refugee Crisis

Academic literature on the topic 'Middle East Refugee Crisis'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Middle East Refugee Crisis"

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Culcasi, Karen. "Displacing Territory: Refugees in the Middle East." International Journal of Middle East Studies 49, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743817000095.

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In the summer of 2015, the UN reported that there were more than 60 million refugees worldwide, making the current refugee crisis the largest in history. Though the refugee crisis is global, it has a particular regional and local geography that demands attention. As readers ofIJMESundoubtedly know, this crisis has disproportionally affected people in the Middle East. Since the end of World War II, a majority of the world's refugees have originated from this region. Five years of war in Syria is the most recent cause of displacement, but the American-led Iraq War in 2003 and the displacement of Palestinians with the establishment of Israel in 1948 have produced tens of millions of refugees.
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Bin Zakariah, Muhamad Hasrul. "Britain and the Arab-Israel Conflict: Questioning the Motives Behind Continued Aid to 1967 Palestinian Refugees." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 5, no. 1 (July 16, 2008): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v5i1.31.

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British involvement in Middle East politics can be traced to long before the First World War when its economic and strategic interests appeared to be the main reason for the involvement. The emergence of the newly created Israeli state, following the Balfour Declaration, marked the beginning of the Palestinian refugee crisis. Between 1948 and 1956, historical liability and obligation forced the British to be involved in providing humanitarian aid to the Palestinian refugees. British involvement in the Suez Crisis later in 1956, was a tragedy for British influence in the Middle East. Many scholars concluded that the 1956 campaign marked “the end of British empire in the Middle East” and the beginning of the cold war, American-Soviet rivalry that left Britain marginalised. Even prominent Middle East scholars such as Michael Ben Oren, in his book Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of Modern Middle East, did not give attention to the British role and involvement in the 1967 crisis. However, the British efforts to regain Arab trust whilst preserving its economic and strategic interests in the Middle East persuaded Britain to remain involved with the Palestinian refugee crisis. None of these scholars have tried to analyse the motives behind continued British involvement in humanitarian aid for Palestinian refugees – the crisis which lingers long after the end of the British Empire in the Middle East. This paper discusses this topic with a focus on refugees from the 1967 war and attempts to explain the reasons for continuation of British aid from an historical perspective. This research was based on historical document analysis and the extraction of archival sources from The National Archive (TNA) in London.
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Nouri, Selma. "Effects of conflict, displacement, and migration on the health of refugee and conflict-stricken populations in the Middle East." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v8i3.18590.

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<p dir="ltr">The global refugee crisis has reached an all-time high, with over 68 million innocent people forced to flee their homes due to violence, famine, governmental instability, or genocide. As a result of the struggles and traumas encountered by war and migration, millions of refugees suffer from acute and life-threatening physical and mental health illnesses. However, these diseases and internal-battles are often overlooked, leaving most conflict-stricken countries and refugee camps ill-equipped and unable to cope. Rather than settling into more humane and healthy living conditions, upon migration, most refugees are faced with realities that deny them <br /> a dignified and fulfilling life. More often than not, refugee camps and host countries accommodate a deplorable lifestyle that provides minimal and inadequate health-care, extreme and life-threatening poverty, and inhumane and unsanitary living conditions-exasperating the rate and risk of morbidity and mortality amongst refugee populations. This research paper aims to analyze the harsh conditions that refugees and conflict-stricken populations are currently forced to endure, as well as the effects of those conditions on the spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases, <br /> the development and growth of neonatal disorders, and the overall rise in mental illness. The paper also aims to suggest specific measures that can be taken in order to prevent the increase in morbidity and mortality rates amongst vulnerable refugee populations and recommend steps that international bodies and non-governmental organizations can take in order to solve the refugee health crisis.</p>
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Elmanaya, Nourelhuda, Harjito, and Eri Sofiatry. "WATER CRISIS AND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE SYRIAN REFUGEE SETTLEMENTS IN LEBANON." Jurnal TAMBORA 6, no. 2 (July 21, 2022): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v6i2.2010.

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Water scarcity is an urgent issue in the Middle East, and rapid population growth caused by the refugee crisis impose further demand on the water supply in the country. This research was carried out in order to portray the water crisis in Lebanon analyzing the water governance policies that have been implemented by the Lebanese government, especially after the Syrian refugee crisis. The aim of this case study is to describe the main reasons behind the water scarcity in Lebanon nowadays, besides analyzing the water governance strategies implemented by the Lebanese government and other international organizations to address this crisis within the context of the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon. Findings indicate that several actions must be done to minimize water stress in Lebanon if a political settlement in Syria is established and refugees begin to return to Syria. However, even if Syrian refugees return home and Lebanon's population declines, water scarcity will remain an issue that must be addressed. These long-term plans include agricultural water-use reform and, eventually, government water-sector reform.
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Morabia, Alfredo, and Georges C. Benjamin. "The Refugee Crisis in the Middle East and Public Health." American Journal of Public Health 105, no. 12 (December 2015): 2405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302929.

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Robson, Laura. "REFUGEES AND THE CASE FOR INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND THE UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AGENCY FOR PALESTINIAN REFUGEES IN THE NEAR EAST COMPARED." International Journal of Middle East Studies 49, no. 4 (October 16, 2017): 625–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743817000629.

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AbstractIn the immediate aftermath of World War I, the newly formed League of Nations saw Middle Eastern refugees—particularly displaced Armenians and Assyrians scattered in camps across the Eastern Mediterranean—as venues for working out new forms of internationalism. In the late 1940s, following the British abandonment of the Palestine Mandate and the subsequent Zionist expulsion of most of the Palestinian Arab population, the new United Nations revived this concept of a refugee crisis requiring international intervention. This paper examines the parallel ways in which advocates for both the nascent League of Nations and the United Nations made use of mass refugee flows to formulate arguments for new, highly visible, and essentially permanent iterations of international authority across the Middle East.
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Akram, Susan M., Sarah Bidinger, Aaron Lang, Danielle Hites, Yoana Kuzmova, and Elena Noureddine. "Protecting Syrian Refugees: Laws, Policies, and Global Responsibility Sharing." Middle East Law and Governance 7, no. 3 (November 28, 2015): 287–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00703003.

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This article provides an excerpt of a report that maps out how the Syrian refugee crisis is being played out in four of the main states hosting the refugees, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt and Turkey. This excerpt focuses on the laws and policies in the host states and how they are creating particularly devastating consequences for Palestinian refugees. The excerpt sets out the Report’s conclusions and recommendations, primarily the call for a global Comprehensive Plan of Action (cpa), with various components within and outside the Middle East region that build on existing legal obligations to better allocate responsibility for the refugee population and lift the overwhelming and unsustainable burden from the current frontline host states. The conclusions and recommendations combine legal and policy measures that would allow close the Palestinian refugee ‘protection gap,’ stem the phenomenon of trafficking and disasters-at-sea, prevent further fallout of the Syrian humanitarian crisis, and create incentive amongst the larger community of states to intervene to end the regional conflict.
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Crisp, Jeff. "The Syrian Emergency: A Catalyst for Change in the International Refugee Regime." Journal of Refugee Studies 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 1441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feab009.

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Abstract Beginning in 2012, the Syrian refugee exodus has been one of the largest, speediest, and geopolitically significant seen in recent years. It has placed enormous pressures on host states in the Middle East, stretched the international humanitarian system to breaking point, and, of course, entailed enormous suffering for the millions of Syrian citizens who have been forced to flee from their own country. At the same time, the Syrian crisis has had a much broader impact on the global refugee regime and the way in which the international community addresses large-scale movements of displaced people. This article explores that impact, focusing on issues such as encampment and settlement strategies, the use of cash transfers, refugee employment and livelihoods, the refugee impact on host communities, the engagement of development actors in humanitarian crises and the challenge of providing safe and legal routes to people in need of protection. In these respects, the article suggests, the Syrian refugee emergency has acted as a more important catalyst for change than the high-level diplomatic activity associated with the Global Compact on Refugees.
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Rhodes, Sarah. "Middle East North Africa (MENA) Refugee Crisis: Digital Resources in Review." Review of Middle East Studies 52, no. 2 (November 2018): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2018.57.

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Mighton, Stephen. "The European Refugee Crisis: transitioning the EU from state-centric ‘kingdoms’ to a federalist system of multi-level governance." Federalism-E 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/fede.v17i1.13580.

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In an era where European integration has become increasingly questioned and where Euroscepticism battles the objectives envisioned by the Maastricht Treaty of 1992, the European Union (EU) desperately needs to revitalize its project of unification if its hopes to survive. Events of the last decade, such as the sovereign debt crisis, the global financial crisis, and the evolving refugee crisis, have challenged the efficacy of the EU and have seemingly undermined its legitimacy as a regulatory body. Taken individually, these crises pose a potent threat to the success of European integration and to the enlargement of member state unification. Most recently, the ongoing refugee crisis has created a sense of disunion within the EU giving way to a state of calamity as successive European efforts have failed at resolving this issue. Reeling from civil conflict and political turmoil, individuals from various regions, most notably Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia, have fled the dangers and uncertainties of their homes in order to seek refuge within neighbouring European countries. This arduous and sudden development has prompted commentators, such as former Greek finance minister Yanis Varoufakis, to claim that the solidarity of the EU is being threatened at a level not seen since the migrant crisis of 1945 during the Second World War.[...]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Middle East Refugee Crisis"

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Draper, Blake A. "This Way Please the role of the Middle East and the United States in shaping the Iraqi Refugee Crisis /." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-224130/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2009.
Advisor: Peter Garretson, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Dept. of International Affairs. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar 15, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 77 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ngo, Catherine. "Crossroads in a Crisis| The Syrian Refugee Response in Lebanon." Thesis, The American University of Paris (France), 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13871608.

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Kanaan, Claude Boueiz. "Intercommunal relations and the 1958 crisis in Lebanon." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29432/.

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The 1958 crisis in Lebanon was a significant event in modern Middle Eastern and international history. Interpretations, however, overlook or subordinate the Lebanese dimensions and how the Lebanese interpreted crisis and causation, through the lens of established community mythologies. Lebanon contains different, confessionally-defined communities, with a long history of tensions and clashes between them. Examination of these enables the Lebanese dimensions to the 1958 crisis to be given due weight. While regional and international dimensions are of clear importance, the crisis resulted from internal Lebanese factors, long and short term, relating to the different communities, rather than to the impact of international issues such as Nasserism. Where such issues were significant it was because they were not imposed, but invoked by Lebanese elements in the name of Lebanese foreign policy, in order to further their own cause and agendas for Lebanon. The mythologies surrounding the 'historical' evolution of the communities helped shape the differing agendas for Lebanon. Of the communities, the Maronite community and its invocation of mythology has played a consistently significant role. The Druze and Sunni, were, at different times, of significance also, particularly in terms of relations with the Maronites. These groups used their interpretations of the 'history' of Lebanon to justify their agendas for the future of Lebanon, and in so doing, helped to precipitate a crisis. The political compromise set up to administer Lebanon was based on 'historical' assumptions and differences, and was consequently vulnerable. In this context, the role of Chamoun in escalating the ever-present level of intercommunal tension, in 1957 and 1958, is another major element in the study. The study uses a range of sources, including official and private papers, unpublished memoirs, oral evidence and newspapers, to map communal feelings and tensions leading to the crisis itself, and its resolution.
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Flemming, Matthew S. "Hydro-crisis in the Middle East : water schemes for a thirsty region." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA397596.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, June 2001.
Thesis advisors, Roger Evered, William J. Haga. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82). Also Available online.
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Rinto, Conrad L. II. "Incomplete Integration: Ethnicity and the Refugee and Internally Displaced Person Crisis in Postwar Serbia." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1512038773569552.

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Goldenziel, Jill Iris. "Aid, Agency, and the Malleability of International Law: The Post-2003 Iraqi Refugee Crisis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10630.

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Why do states tolerate large numbers of refugees? This dissertation offers an answer to this puzzle by examining changes in policy responses by the international community toward Iraqis displaced after the U.S. invasion of 2003. From 2003-2006, Jordan, Syria, and Egypt remained quiet about the growing humanitarian needs of displaced Iraqis. From 2007-2010, these countries abruptly shifted policy to claim that they were hosting millions of Iraqis, and to allow Iraqis greater access to public goods and humanitarian assistance. I argue that this policy shift occurred because of new opportunities to extract strategic rents from the international community in the form of foreign aid and development assistance tied to the presence of refugees. I also explain how and why the UN Refugee Agency facilitated host country behavior during these two time periods, even in contradiction with its mandate under international law. I ground my argument in more than 100 interviews with UN Agency officials, NGO workers, government officials, and Iraqi refugees conducted in Jordan, Syria, and Egypt and at the UN Refugee Agency Headquarters in Geneva between 2007 and 2010. I also utilize research in the archives of relevant newspapers, national departments of statistics, and the UN Refugee Agency Headquarters. Previous political science literature largely conceives of refugees as a burden on state infrastructure, or as a potential security risk. This dissertation challenges this literature by suggesting that, under some conditions, states may derive political and economic benefits from the presence of refugees, explaining why they tolerate displaced populations. This dissertation also contributes to the understanding of how authoritarian regimes adapt to new opportunities for strategic rents. This dissertation also explores how an international organization can operate as both a principal and an agent, constrained by the preferences of its member or donor countries, yet autonomously advancing its own interests while shaping the political environment in which it operates. I show how the malleability of international refugee law has helped actors to manipulate humanitarian assistance for their own gain. Finally, this dissertation explores how the destabilization of Iraq affected international relations within a region that has been forever changed.
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Morey, Alistair William David. "'Interdependence' or 'common purpose'? : Anglo-American cooperation in the Middle East after Suez." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367624.

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Tasini, Emma. "Photographic Representation and the Syrian Refugee Crisis: A Case Study at the Claremont Colleges." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/90.

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This thesis focuses specifically on student media consumption around the Syrian Refugee Crisis at the Claremont Colleges through interviews and participant observation in order to understand the role of media photos in knowledge production around the Syrian Refugee Crisis. Looking at the role of photos in a cross-cultural understanding of the Refugee Crisis, this thesis analyzes the way individuals read and interpret these photos. I argue that photos have a vital role in knowledge production of the Syrian Refugee Crisis however their presentation and consumption occurs in a complex world without guidelines of what photos impact are and how they should be used. Finally, I aim to understand the potential for more ideal representation of the Syrian Refugee Crisis.
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Henry, Clarence C. "The Iraq-Kuwait crisis : a critique of United States policy 1990-91." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324893.

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McDonald, Darren Joseph. "Crisis of Faith: Jimmy Carter, Religion, and the Making of U.S.-Middle East Foreign Policy." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3703.

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Thesis advisor: Seth Jacobs
U.S. President Jimmy Carter's handling of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Middle East can only be properly understood in the context of his religious beliefs. Carter pursued what amounted to a faith-based foreign policy. Guided by the Christian concepts of justice, forgiveness, humility, and an emphasis on the importance of individuals, Carter attempted to make policy conform to the standards set by his faith. Viewing the Arab-Israeli conflict through this lens, he committed to advancing the Middle East peace process out of a Christian sense of duty. Religious belief caused Carter to champion the Palestinians' cause since he believed that the Palestinian people were suffering grave injustices under the Israeli occupation of the West Banka and Gaza. Ultimately, his faith-based approach proved unable to resolve the many diplomatic challenges facing his administration in the region. Fearing that any chance for peace might be lost, he invited Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel and President Anwar Sadat of Egypt to Camp David for substantive talks in September 1978. Only when Carter abandoned his religiously grounded policy orientation and embraced a coldly calculating approach did he succeed in getting the Israelis and Egyptians to agree to a deal. With the conclusion of the Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty in March 1979, Carter effectively removed himself from any further involvement in the process
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
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Books on the topic "Middle East Refugee Crisis"

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Sassoon, Joseph. The Iraqi refugees: The new crisis in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009.

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The Iraqi refugees: The new crisis in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009.

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Sassoon, Joseph. The Iraqi refugees: The new crisis in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009.

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Sassoon, Joseph. The Iraqi refugees: The new crisis in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris, 2011.

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Agustín, Sánchez, ed. Iraqi refugees: A humanitarian crisis? Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Africa, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Middle East and North. Examining the Syrian refugee crisis: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, September 19, 2013. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.

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Office, General Accounting. Persian Gulf crisis: Humanitarian relief provided to evacuees from Kuwait and Iraq : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East, Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1991.

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Bulliet, Richard W. Crisis in the Middle East. [Danbury, Conn.]: Grolier, 1992.

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Massoulié, François. Crisis in the Middle East. Gloucestershire: The Windrush Press, 1999.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight., ed. Neglected responsibilities: The response to the Iraqi refugee crisis : joint hearing before the Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia and the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, March 11, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Middle East Refugee Crisis"

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Ahmad, Paiman. "The Middle East Refugee Crisis. Syria and Iraq Case." In Migration and Crime, 15–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95813-2_2.

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Ullah, AKM Ahsan. "Refugees in Camps: Anatomy of an Identity Crisis." In Refugee Politics in the Middle East and North Africa, 59–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137356536_3.

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Ullah, AKM Ahsan. "Arab Uprisings and New Dimensions of Refugee Crises." In Refugee Politics in the Middle East and North Africa, 124–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137356536_6.

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Neuwirth, Gertrud. "The Marginalisation of South East Asian Refugees." In The International Refugee Crisis, 295–318. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12054-3_17.

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Scott, Andrew. "The Middle East Crisis." In Allies Apart, 166–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230348936_7.

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Degli Esposti, Nicola. "The Crisis of Kurdish Nationalism in Iraq (2014–2018)." In Middle East Today, 111–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10247-9_5.

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Kaya, Ayhan. "Seeking asylum in the Middle East." In Routledge Handbook of Immigration and Refugee Studies, 396–404. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003194316-46.

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Indra, Doreen Marie. "The Spirit of the Gift and the Politics of Resettlement: The Canadian Private Sponsorship of South East Asians." In The International Refugee Crisis, 229–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12054-3_14.

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Pink, Ross Michael. "The Middle East: Egypt, Israel, Jordan." In The Climate Change Crisis, 185–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71033-4_8.

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Rubin, Barry. "The Gulf Crisis: Origins and Course of Events." In Middle East Contemporary Survey, 73–97. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429034411-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Middle East Refugee Crisis"

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Neis, Hajo, Briana Meier, and Tomo Furukawazono. "Arrival Cities: Refugees in Three German Cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6318.

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Since 2015, the authors have studied the refugee crisis in Europe and the Middle East. The intent of theproject is to not only study the refugee crisis in various spatial and architectural settings and aspectsbut also actively try to help refugees with their problems that they experience in the events fromstarting an escape and to settling in a given host country, city town or neighborhood.In this paper, the authors present three case studies in three different cities in Germany. Refugees areeverywhere in Germany, even in smaller towns and villages. The case study cities are at differentscales with Borken (15,000 people), Kassel, a mid-size city (200,000), and Essen a larger city(600,000) as part of the still larger Ruhr Area Megacity. In these cities we try to understand the life ofrefugees from their original escape country/city to their arrival in their new cities and new countries.Our work focuses on the social-spatial aspects of refugee experiences, and their impact on urbanmorphology and building typology.We also try to understand how refugees manage their new life in partial safety of place, shelter foodand financial support but also in uncertainty and insecurity until officially accepted as refugees.Beyond crisis we are looking at how refugees can and want to integrate into their host countries, citiesand neighborhoods and start a new life. Social activities and physical projects including urbanarchitecture projects for housing and work, that help the process of integration, are part of thispresentation.
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Madkour, Mostafa. "Electricity in Egypt: “From Crisis into Phenomenon”." In 2021 22nd International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mepcon50283.2021.9686225.

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Barthelemy, David. "Effective Crisis Management and Emergency Response in Total E&P Qatar." In SPE Middle East Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainable Development Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/170451-ms.

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Syed, Bilal, and Robert Hirst. "Importance Of Having A Good Robust Crisis / Emergency Response System During A Major Project In Yemen." In Middle East Health, Safety, Security, and Environment Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/136618-ms.

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Dufour, Sebastien, and Rajesh D. Sharma. "How Digitization Lowers Oil & Gas Industry Break Even Cost." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204753-ms.

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The Oil&Gas industry has experienced three price crises over the past twelve years. Swings in the key variables of politics, economy and technology affect supply and demand dynamics and consequently oil prices. The rise of unconventional sources brought the industry into a recurrent surplus of supply, putting pressure on prices and the combination of a supply shock, shortage of storage and an unprecedent demand drop brought prices to a 30-years low in April 2020. Although volatile oil prices make it challenging for oil companies to manage their markets, the silver lining in low oil prices is that it forced the industry to focus on rendering their internal operations more efficient. O&G producers cut their costs dramatically to remain profitable. The industry embarked on an optimization path and consequently accelerated the adoption of digital transformation. The COVID-19 crisis along with increasing societal pressure has only been a catalyzer to this digital transformation, unlocking significant operational improvements and reducing carbon emissions. According to the latest Rystad Energy analysis average breakeven price dropped 35% between 2014 and 2018, and an additional 10% over the last 2 years, to a $50 breakeven price per barrel.
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Van Der Putten, Sonja Aicha. "HOW RELATIONSHIPS IMPACT SENSE OF BELONGING IN SCHOOLS AMONGST FEMALE ADOLESCENTS FROM REFUGEE BACKGROUNDS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end019.

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Education is believed to play an essential role in creating a sense of belonging amongst adolescents from refugee backgrounds. This narrative inquiry study set out to better understand the influence that relationships formed in one Canadian school community played in the development of a sense of belonging amongst female adolescent students from refugee backgrounds. Study participants were from Middle Eastern and East African origin and had been living in Canada for two-years or less. Data were collected over a five-month period through two sets of interviews, and a series of observations. Findings indicated the students from refugee backgrounds sense of belonging in school was strengthened by strong relationships with teachers from whom they perceived a genuine sense of support and care, which resulted in higher academic achievement. The study also conveyed that students felt that their Canadian-born peers largely ignored them in class, which resulted in increased feelings of social isolation and lack of belonging. The female student experience was further influenced by additional familial obligations and responsibilities.
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Hyo Jin Do, Chae-Gyun Lim, You Jin Kim, and Ho-Jin Choi. "Analyzing emotions in twitter during a crisis: A case study of the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in Korea." In 2016 International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigcomp.2016.7425960.

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Golubev, A. P. "LATE BRONZE AGE COLLAPSE - UNKNOWN GLOBAL АNTROPOGENIC ECOLOGICAL CRISIS XIII - XII CENTURIES BC." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-7-11.

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The Late Bronze Age Collapse, or the Crisis of Producers, is the definition for the process of the gradual decline of agricultural production in the states of the Fertile Crescent and Indus Valley regions, which culminated at the end of XIII-XII centuries BC. It was caused not by individual private mistakes, but by fundamental and irreparable defects in the then dominant system of agriculture in region mentioned. First of all, they were the widespread deforestation, overgrazing and salinization of arable lands as a result of excessive irrigation. This led to a catastrophic decline in their fertility and food shortages. The crisis of producers became the main reason for the death of largest states of those epoch (the First Babylonian Kingdom, Ancient Egypt, Harappa, etc.), which were at the forefront of the world civilizational progress, which delayed the technological and cultural development of the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean, the Middle East and South Asia, by at least for a millennium.
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Uygur, Mehmet Nazım. "The Economy-Politics Reflections of Turkey-Russian Relationship During Syria Crisis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01866.

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The Syrian civil war began with the demonstrations that took place on 15 March 2011 and spread to over the all Middle East Countries in April 2011. This conflict in Syria affected Turkish-Russia relations negatively. On the other hand, the conflict has also caused crises among other countries. The most prominent example of this is the jet crisis between Turkey and Russia. In November 2015, the Russian jet which was in violation of the border was dropped by the Turkish Air Force. For this purpose, the study aims to reveal the source of the Syrian internal conflict, the positions of the sides involved in this process and the effects of political and economic sanctions in Russia-Turkey on economic relations between the two countries. In the study, firstly the elements that triggered the emergence of the Syrian crisis were identified and then the political actions that the sides put forward were briefly examined. The economic-political relations between Turkey and Russia, which have been developing since the 1990s, have come to an end with the antagonism created by the Syrian civil war and jet crisis. The economic embargo that Russia and Turkey have imposed on each other has caused serious reductions in foreign trade volume between the two countries and in the number of tourists from Russia to Turkey.
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Phalnikar, Rashmi, Subhal Dixit, and Harsha Talele. "Clinical Assessment and Management of Covid-19 Patients using Artificial Intelligence." In 6th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (SIGI 2020). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2020.102007.

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The COVID-19 infection caused by Novel Corona Virus has been declared a pandemic and a public health emergency of international concern. Infections caused by Corona Virus have been previously recognized in people and is known to cause Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Unlike the earlier infections, COVID19 spreads alarmingly and the experience and volume of the scientific knowledge on the virus is small and lacks substantiation. To manage this crisis, Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to play a key role in understanding and addressing the COVID-19 crisis. It tends to be valuable to identify the infection, analyse it, treat it and also predict the stages of infection. Artificial intelligence algorithms can be applied to make diagnosis of COVID-19 and stepping up research and therapy. The paper explains a detailed flowchart of COVID-19 patient and discusses the use of AI at various stages. The preliminary contribution of the paper is in identifying the stages where the use of Artificial Intelligence and its allied fields can help in managing COVID-19 patient and paves a road for systematic research in future.
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Reports on the topic "Middle East Refugee Crisis"

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Abdo, Nabil, and Shaddin Almasri. For a Decade of Hope Not Austerity in the Middle East and North Africa: Towards a fair and inclusive recovery to fight inequality. Oxfam, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6355.

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Even before the coronavirus crisis struck, people in the Middle East and North Africa were protesting against the injustice and inequality wrought by a decade of austerity. The pandemic and the lockdown measures taken by governments have paralysed economies and threaten to tip millions of people into poverty, with women, refugees, migrant workers and those working in the informal economy among the worst affected. A huge increase in inequality is very likely. More austerity following this crisis will mean more uprisings, more inequality, and more conflict. This paper argues that if another decade of pain is to be averted, governments need to take immediate action to reduce inequality through providing public services to protect ordinary people by taxing the richest and guaranteeing decent work.
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Pregenzer, A. L. Crisis Prevention Centers as confidence building measures: Suggestions for the Middle East. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/96934.

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Davies, Sarah, Esther Hodges, Yohana Kibe, Laura Le Ray, and Julius Batemba. Impact Evaluation of Regional Influencing Work in Horn, East and Central Africa: A case study of the Rights in Crisis and Extractive Industries initiatives. Oxfam GB, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9905.

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Oxfam’s Horn, East and Central Africa (HECA) Regional Platform was established in 2016. Among the platform’s far-reaching portfolio are two influencing initiatives – the Rights in Crisis network and Extractive Industries programme. Despite their ambitious scope and the challenging context, this report confirms that Oxfam has contributed effectively to change at all levels. These changes include increased refugee participation in advocacy initiatives and strengthened civil society engagement on issues involving the extractives industry. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Dalabajan, Dante, Ruth Mayne, Blandina Bobson, Hadeel Qazzaz, Henry Ushie, Jacobo Ocharan, Jason Farr, et al. Towards a Just Energy Transition: Implications for communities in lower- and middle-income countries. Oxfam, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9936.

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More frequent or intense floods, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts and typhoons devastate people’s homes, livelihoods and the natural world. A clean energy transition is urgently needed to reduce carbon emissions and prevent the impacts worsening. Wealthy countries have the prime historic responsibility for the climate crisis and therefore for its mitigation. But as the clean energy transition gathers speed, it inevitably also impacts lower-income, lower-emitting countries and communities. This research report, written by 20 co-authors from Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, the US and Europe, investigates the implications of the energy transition for them, and asks how the world can achieve a truly just, as well as fast, transition. The findings highlight the stark choice facing humanity. If the transition is undertaken with justice and respect for communities’ rights at its heart, it offers an unprecedented opportunity to simultaneously mitigate the climate crisis and reduce poverty and inequality. Conversely, an unjust transition, which entrenches or exacerbates inequalities, risks generating public resistance and slowing the transition with devastating human consequences.
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Mohamed, Habiba, Carolina Szyp, Dorte Thorsen, Imogen Bellwood-Howard, Calum McLean, Daniela Baur, Paul Harvey, et al. Country Reviews of Social Assistance in Crises: A Compendium of Rapid Assessments of the Nexus Between Social Protection and Humanitarian Assistance in Crisis Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2021.001.

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This collection brings together brief overviews of the social assistance landscape in eight fragile and conflict-affected settings in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East: Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia and Yemen. These overviews were prepared as part of Better Assistance in Crises (BASIC) Research, a multi-year programme (2020–24) supported by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) of the UK government. BASIC Research aims to inform policy and programming on effective social assistance in situations of crisis, including for those who are experiencing climate-related shocks and stressors, protracted conflict and forced displacement.
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Herbert, Sian. Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary No.29. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.020.

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This fortnightly Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary aims to signpost the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and other UK government departments to the latest evidence and opinions on Covid-19 (C19), to inform and support their responses. Based on feedback from the recent survey, and analysis by the Xcept project, this edition, as a trial, focusses less on the challenges that C19 poses, and more on more on the policy responses to these challenges. The below summary features resources on legislative leadership during the C19 crisis; and the heightening of risks emanating from C19’s indirect impacts – including non-C19 healthcare, economy and food security, and women and girls and unrest and instability. Many of the core C19 themes continue to be covered this week, including anti-corruption approaches; and whether and how C19 is shaping conflict dynamics (this time with articles focussing on Northwestern Nigeria, Myanmar’s Rakhine State, and the Middle East). The summary uses two main sections – (1) literature: – this includes policy papers, academic articles, and long-form articles that go deeper than the typical blog; and (2) blogs & news articles. It is the result of one day of work and is thus indicative but not comprehensive of all issues or publications.
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