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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Middle class'
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1
Daye, Sharon J. "The black middle class: middle class Afro-Caribbeans: a racial fraction of the British middle class or a class fraction of a racial group." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14491/.
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This research examines the relationship between 'race' and class in Britain. This is achieved by considering how these two concepts articulate in the overall structuring of class relationships in a society which is typified by the incorporatation of black labour into a majority white society, This relationship is examined through an investigation of those black workers who occupy a position in the objectively defined middle class. The basic theme underlying this research is that 'race, in the form of structural racism, plays a significant role at two levels. Firstly, it serves to structure the class position of black labour in Britain. Secondly, it serves to determine the type of race, class and political consciousness generated by black labour. The study was carried out in the London area. Occupation was used as an indicator of 'objective' class position when selecting respondents to be included in the two survey populations required for the research. A 'network' approach was used to actually locate the respondents. In-depth interviews were carried out with all the respondents. The study concludes that the concepts of 'race' and class are not independent of each other in the overall structuring of class relationships between black and white labour. It is argued that the inter-relationship identified between these two concepts serves to highlight the fact that the structural position of black labour, the type of consciousness generated and the type of decisions taken by those who took part in the research are to a large extent a result of the structural constraints deriving from the effects of structural racism in Britain.
2
Giesecke, James Andrew David. "The declining middle class? /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecg455.pdf.
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Morales, Emma R. "Middle-class gatedness : a practice-based analysis of middle-class gated communities in Mexico." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16257/.
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Gated communities are a global phenomenon - a common housing choice for middle-income groups in contexts of large socio-economic disparities. They have recently gained academic attention, and scholarly work since the late 1990s has focused primarily on drivers such as security, status, prestige, and social homogeneity. However, the proliferation of these enclaves is not only the result of individual motivations and choices, but rather a complex issue that goes beyond the gates. In this thesis, I propose that the discussion should focus not on the physical artefact (gated communities) but the policies, practices, and meanings that enable their existence. I centre the discussion on the concept of “gatedness”, which embodies the three elements of practice proposed by Shove et al. (2012): materials, competences, and meanings. The research took place in Mexico, a country with a history of debt-fuelled economy that affects individual households, particularly middle class families. The thesis provides elements for better understanding the complexity of the gated communities’ social phenomenon, where global economic forces affect national housing, land, finance, and planning policies, while shaping individual practices fed by aspirations and anxieties. The focus on the middle class population is mainly due to their role in the proliferation of these enclaves, and also because of the challenges to sustaining their lifestyle in a context of social, economic, and political uncertainty. Research was conducted with a qualitative approach using the case study of Lomas de Angelópolis, a large-scale suburban gated community in Puebla, Mexico. This research adds to previous knowledge about gated communities by recognising how elements of practice shape the physical world. Understanding these spaces better could help planners and policymakers in countries with similar dynamics to Mexico, propose alternatives to make cities more equitable, addressing the aspirations and anxieties of the middle classes without critically affecting access to opportunities to others.
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Stanard, Scott S. "Studies of the Middle Class." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3577.
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I create oil paintings and drypoints that bring attention to scenes of American middle class life. I present crowds of people engaged in community activities and festivals. This enables me to depict a cross section of the residents of a given region. I also create a counterpoint to these peopled gatherings by painting and drawing the exteriors of middle class homes. In my work, I attempt to imbue a sense of intrigue and pathos.
I work from candid photos that I take of people and their living spaces. In these photos, I modify and delete elements to optimize narrative and drama. I use natural light to define hard shadows and bright hues or light values to define forms.
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Unal, Nese. "A Comparison Of Middle And Lower Middle Class Housewives." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614219/index.pdf.
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This study is about daily experiences of housewives. It aims to reveal to what extend middle and lower middle class women are different as well as similar to each other. This class comparative analysis is based on their attitudes and feelings about being a housewife, employment, housework, child care, daily routine, housekeeping, and division of labour at home. The study also discusses the factors affecting women&rsquos attitudes towards housework such as technology and use of paid domestic service. In order to shed light upon the experiences of housewives, qualitative method is used by in-depth interviews with 14 middle class and 14 lower middle class housewives living in Ankara. In this study class is determined by taking into consideration the place of residence, monthly income and occupation of the husband.
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Pfafman, Tessa M. "Selling class constructing the professional middle class in America /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4756.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 19, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sánchez, Romera Alfonso. "The middle class in contemporary urban china: construction, practices and representations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671319.
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Aquesta investigació té com a objectiu analitzar el fenomen social de la classe mitjana xinesa, posant atenció especial en la construcció social de la identitat mitjançant l’anàlisi de les pràctiques i representacions socials a la Xina urbana contemporània. L’estudi consisteix en l’anàlisi d’entrevistes semiestructurades mantingudes a Beijing entre l’any 2017 i l’any 2018, del discurs oficial de la classe mitjana xinesa a partir de les esmenes a la Constitució de la República Popular de la Xina (RPX) i dels textos i discursos dels líders de l’Estat-partit i, finalment, del contingut dels articles sobre classe mitjana publicats a Renmin wang (People’s Daily online) —el portaveu del Comitè Central del Partit Comunista Xinès— des de principis del segle XXI. Per això, l’etnografia no es centra únicament en proporcionar un exemple categòric de la construcció d’una identitat de classe mitjana a Beijing, sinó que també explora el camp social de la Xina urbana contemporània com a espai multidimensional de mobilitat social, de noves pràctiques i representacions socials —és a dir, de nous estils de vida. Tot i que s’ha emprat un esquema conceptual associat a l’obra de Pierre Bourdieu, alguns resultats obtinguts qüestionen la seva conceptualització de “classe real” i la seva formulació sobre les condicions homogènies d’existència de classe i la seva capacitat de generar pràctiques socials similars. El model de Bourdieu permet descobrir una sèrie de característiques definidores que indiquen que la formació dels grups de classes mitjanes a la RPX constitueix principalment un fenomen de reproducció social en comptes d’un procés de formació de classe. D’altra banda, el resultat d’aquesta recerca determina de quina manera la tesi de la “cleavage society” o l’anomenada cristal·lització de classes rau principalment en el consum —és a dir, el capital econòmic—, i no tant en una identitat ‘de classe’ reconeixedora o ‘classe real’. La migració interna a la RPX és una forma de consum d’un determinat estil de vida, una pràctica suzhi (‘de qualitat’) i una manera de construir-se com a subjecte de classe mitjana, civilitzat i modern. Tanmateix, a la Xina urbana es construeix progressivament una identitat de classe mitjana no només amb pràctiques de consum, sinó també amb l’experiència de participar en noves activitats al barri basada en principis oberts, públics i solidaris, i també en accions col·lectives contra la vulneració dels seus drets com a propietaris. Així doncs, aquesta investigació mostra la validesa i la configuració del concepte de classe —juntament amb els de racialització, gènere i sexualitat— per a produir una representació precisa de la institucionalització, legitimació i reproducció tant de la desigualtat com del privilegi a les societats contemporànies.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la clase media china, poniendo especial énfasis en la construcción social de la identidad mediante el análisis de las prácticas y representaciones sociales en China urbana contemporánea. Se utiliza una metodología mixta que incluye el análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas llevadas a cabo en Beijing entre 2017 y 2018, el discurso oficial de la clase media china a través de las enmiendas a la Constitución de la República Popular de China (RPC) y de textos y discursos de los líderes del Estado-partido y, finalmente, del contenido de los artículos sobre clase media publicados en Renmin wang (Diario del Pueblo en Línea) —portavoz oficial del Comité Central del Partido Comunista Chino— desde principios del siglo XXI. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio no es brindar únicamente un ejemplo categórico de la construcción social de la identidad en la clase media, sino explorar también el campo social de China urbana contemporánea como espacio multidimensional de movilidad social, de nuevas prácticas y representaciones sociales —es decir, de nuevos estilos de vida. Aunque estas observaciones parten del esquema conceptual propuesto por Pierre Bourdieu, los resultados obtenidos cuestionan su conceptualización de la ’clase real’ y su formulación respecto a las condiciones homogéneas de existencia de las clases y su capacidad generadora de prácticas sociales similares. El modelo de Bourdieu permite descubrir una serie de características definidoras que indican que la formación de los grupos de clases medias en la RPC constituye principalmente un fenómeno de reproducción social en lugar de un proceso de formación de clase. Por otra parte, el resultado de esta investigación determina de qué manera la tesis de la ‘cleavage society’ o cristalización de clases se fundamenta principalmente en el consumo —es decir, el capital económico—, y no tanto en una identidad de ‘clase’ reconocible o ‘clase real’. La migración interna en la RPC es una forma de consumo de un determinado estilo de vida, una práctica suzhi (‘de calidad’) y una manera de construirse como sujeto de clase media, civilizado y moderno. Además, en las ciudades chinas se construye progresivamente una identidad de clase media no solo con prácticas de consumo, sino también con la experiencia de participar en nuevas actividades vecinales basadas en principios abiertos, públicos y solidarios, y en acciones colectivas contra la vulneración de sus derechos como propietarios. Así, esta investigación muestra la validez y la configuración del concepto de clase —junto a los de etnicidad, género y sexualidad— para producir una representación precisa de la institucionalización, legitimación y reproducción tanto de la desigualdad como del privilegio en las sociedades contemporáneas
This research aims to explore the social phenomenon of the Chinese middle class, with particular focus on the social construction of identity by analysing social practices and representations in contemporary urban China. The study is framed in the analysis of semi-structured interviews collected in Beijing between 2017 and 2018, the official discourse of the Chinese middle class through the amendments to the Chinese Constitution, the main texts and speeches of the Party-state leaders and, finally, the content of articles on middle class published on Renmin Wang (People’s Daily online) —the mouthpiece of Central Committee of the Communist Party of China— since the early 21st century. Therefore, the aim of this research is not only to provide a categorical example of the social construction of identity within Beijing’s middle class, but also to explore the social field in Contemporary urban China as a multidimensional space of social mobility, new social practices and representations —that is, new lifestyles. While these observations have been derived by employing a conceptual schema associated with the work of Pierre Bourdieu, some results obtained question his conceptualization of “real class” and his formulation on homogeneous conditions of class as homogeneous systems of dispositions capable of generating similar practices. As a result, this study has discovered a number of defining characteristics that indicate that the formation of the middle-classes groups in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) constitutes a social reproduction phenomenon rather than a class formation process. Moreover, the findings of the case study undertaken in Beijing are also supportive of the thesis of a cleavage society or the so-called class crystallization is maintained primarily through consumption —that is, economic capital—, but not through a recognizable ‘class’ identity or ‘real class’. Also, this study has shown that domestic migration in the PRC is also a form of lifestyle consumption, a suzhi (‘quality’) practice and a way to fashion oneself as a middle-class, civilized and modern subject. However, a middle-class identity is progressively constructed in urban China not only through consumption practices but also through the experience of participating in new activities in their neighbourhood life based on principles of openness, publicity and solidarity, and also in collective action against violation of their private-property rights as homeowners. Besides, the research revealed the validity and the configuration of the concept of class —together with racialization, gender and sexuality— to produce an accurate representation of the institutionalization, legitimatization and reproduction of both inequality and privilege in contemporary societies.
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Archer, Patrick Charles. "Middle class identification the influence of interclass context on middle class evaluations of morality and success /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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9
Gunn, S. "The Manchester middle class, 1850-1880." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504954.
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Martin, Sandra. "Is the black middle class shrinking?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68278.
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Tang, Sau-ching Regina. "Home ownership aspiration in Hong Kong : a case study of the middle income groups /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339378.
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Griffin, Philip George. "The middle-class home in Edwardian literature." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359658.
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Delery, Alan. "School Choice: The Black Middle-class Dilemma." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1128.
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This case study assesses the elementary school choice decision-making process of black middle-class families living in the Algiers community of New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina. The concept of community has been central to the success of blacks in America since Reconstruction. However, as the Civil Rights Movement helped eliminate some of the legal obstacles facing blacks and provided them with more access to opportunities, it also had the unfortunate consequence of redirecting the attention of blacks more inwardly to the success of their own families, thus diminishing some of the formerly needed sense of community responsibility. These families are not oblivious to the racism that still exists. Yet, they go about a process of prioritizing their options within their choice sets in order to strike the best, if not optimal, balance of school characteristics, such as Catholic tradition, racial diversity and academic rigor, to ensure the success of their children.
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Brown, Joseph V. "Classless: on Being Middle Class in America." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271785/.
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Classless: On Being Middle Class in America is a documentary film that explores what it means to be middle class in America. The film combines personal narrative, folksy reporting, and comedy as the film's director— Joe Brown, tries to reconcile his own status anxiety with everyday understandings of social class. Classless takes the form of a journey; the film travels through the American South, Northeast, and the Mountain West while trying to get at the heart of our middle class American Dream. Classless forwards three main arguments: (1) the American middle class is not as all-encompassing as seems; (2) Americans are more concerned about inequality than both politicians and the media suggest; and (3) many Americans are not actually middle class, economically speaking.
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Magubane, Nonhlanhla N. "Black tax : the emerging middle class reality." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59861.
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This study explored the meaning of black tax, the circumstances and the conditions that bring rise to it through the lived experiences of black middle class in Gauteng, South Africa. Kinscripts lifecourse framework formed the bases for this study. The qqualitative research approach was adopted to explore the black tax phenomenon through the life course of twelve black middle class individuals. The study explored the black middle class' family history of resource deficit, social capital, social mobility, and their current challenges.
The findings suggest that black tax refers to both the social and economic support, such as money, shelter, food, and clothing, indicating that the middle class provides to their extended family (kinship network). The findings also suggest black tax is enabled by both external (high inequality and unemployment levels), and internal environments (broken family structure such as divorce or death of a parent). Growing up in such an environment strengthened the family bonds, and taught the respondents the importance of the kinship network, and the value of Ubuntu (social capital). The study demonstrated that at times black tax hinders individuals' personal development, savings, and investment.
This study extends understanding and provides insights into how black tax impacts consumer culture, and spending of middle class in emerging markets.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
pa2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Steele, Peter. "Binghamton and Brooklyn a middle class comparison /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Iwama, Toshihiko. "The middle class in Halifax, 1780-1850." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/544/.
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In recent years, regional works on the British middle class in the nineteenth century have derived the methodology to clarify the widely divergent situations of social relationships and economic, political and social activities of the middle class in provincial towns in the nineteenth century. This methodology, fitted as 'interactive approach', takes an inclusive approach towards the middle class in a specific regional community by using multiple contemporary sources. However, this analytical strategy risks fostering the 'tyranny of the discrete', enclosing its research object to a narrow specific topic. This thesis tries to overcome that danger and to present a multidimensional account of 'the middle-class world' in the nineteenth-century town by analysing an institutional matrix for the middle classes in specific local community where powers, relationships, identities and ideologies were constructed. This study explores 'the middle-class world' by focussing on economic and social structure, the political sphere and public institutions in Halifax from 1780 to 1850. It employs the systematic approach of an original computer database for managing multiple quantitative sources, and tests the application of this through cross-reference between the database and the qualitative documents. While the middle classes faced demographic growth, expansion of textile industries and industrial diversification, their occupational states were diverged. The governance of public institutions in Halifax from 1780 to 1850 was under the leadership of the middle classes. The third chapter tries to describe the middle classes in public institutions and political life in Halifax from 1780 to 1820 in order to clarify continuity and change of 'the middle-class culture' in Halifax, which John Smail argues crystallised in the public sphere in the third quarter of the eighteenth century. The following chapters employ the rich data of the later period to explore the public life of the town. While the electoral pattern of the Halifax Borough after 1832 shows the political dynamics of the middle classes in Halifax, institutional and ideological factors to sustain the political life of the middle classes are investigated. Then, it analyses the process and institutional background by which the middle classes became structured through their collective actions in public institutions from the 1820s to the 1850s. 'The middle-class world' in Halifax from 1780 to 1850 has critical implications for the study of the British middle class by demonstrating the complexity of their practices, relationships and identities in economic, political and social spheres, and these institutional matrixes in Halifax. It concludes that the age from 1780 to 1850 was the critical period of the British middle class in provincial towns.
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Williams, Kelly Ann. "Alternative minimum tax: A middle class burden." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2960.
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Since its inception in 1969, the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) has been utilized to keep taxpayers with higher income from taking advantage of loopholes and paying little or no income tax. This project presents an outline of what the AMT is, how it is calculated, and its history; and also illustrates why the AMT is no longer viable today.
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Lapré, Claude. "The social construction of the middle class, class identification and class images of young Canadians." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0028/MQ52062.pdf.
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Walikainen, Laura. "The three architectures of "Geraldine's scrapbook of dresses"." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 88 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338865481&sid=19&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Higgins, Rylan G. "Negotiating the Middle: Interactions of Class, Gender and Consumerism Among the Middle-Class in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196062.
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This urban ethnography examines the everyday lives of young adults participating in middle-class culture in Ho Chi Minh City. My analysis illuminates the motivations and processes by which middle-class people create a social and moral middleness. Middleness refers both to the experiences of this group and to the cultural space wherein individuals perform their gender-specific, consumption-driven roles and negotiate identities as modern Vietnamese people. In attempting to understand precisely how social class functions and is experienced, my analysis focuses on how it relates to other processes of identity formation (i.e. gender and consumerism). Doing so also requires that I call attention to the uneven, unstable impacts of globalizing processes and the importance of performativity. By arguing that class is best understood as a socio-cultural process and by confronting the myth of global cultural homogenization, I reveal important insights about what it means to be middle-class in Ho Chi Minh City. Individual and group responses to the city's ever-changing consumer society show people carrying out their lives in social and cultural systems that are fundamentally unfinished.
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Fortner, Kitty M. "Social Class Influences| Student Engagement of Upper Middle Class African American Students." Thesis, University of Redlands, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3637581.
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This study examined the social class of African American students in an upper middle class high school and their engagement in school influenced by a parent advisory group consisting of upper and middle class African American men. Student engagement has become a hot topic for school policy makers, administration, teachers, and parents at all educational levels. The question of how best to engage students for academic success is the priority. Although research suggests middle and upper class students do well in school as compared to lower class and working class students, the upper and middle class African American students in this particular school were failing until a group of parents intervened. The school experienced increased student engagement resulting in higher GPA, increased graduation rates, increased numbers of college enrollments and graduation rates, and a reduction in the achievement gap. Using the narrative inquiry method, a qualitative approach, the researcher listened to the participants' authentic voices and conveyed their story. Using a semi-structured conversational interview protocol, the participants shared their "lived" stories about the impact that a parent advisory group had on student engagement at the high school of interest. Findings suggest that when adults exhibit care, build meaningful relationships, and communicate that students are valued, student engagement increases and students are successful in school. The participants explained how the identity, behavior, and status of a group of parents gave options to a group of students in order to increase their academic success and hope for the future.
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Wilson, Karen. "Aspects of solidarity between middle-class and working-class women 1880-1903." Thesis, Keele University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293991.
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Piotto, Débora Cristina. "Retrato de um (des)encontro : camadas médias na escola pública." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-20052008-112531/.
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A pesquisa partiu da seguinte pergunta: quais as repercussões sobre a situação escolar das crianças das camadas populares do aumento das camadas médias na escola pública? Para respondê-la realizamos um estudo etnográfico em uma escola do município de Ribeirão Preto na qual esse fenômeno estava presente. Foram realizadas observações em sala de aula e em outros espaços da escola, além de entrevistas com diretores, orientadores, professores, pais e alunos. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo foram surpreendentes, pois revelaram que a relação entre usuários de camadas médias e a escola pública é muito mais complexa do que supúnhamos. Levadas por dificuldades econômicas, algumas famílias das camadas médias transferem os filhos da rede particular para a pública. Numa tentativa de pôr a escola pública em moldes que não afetem o seu prestígio, alguns pais participam da APM e do Conselho de Escola. Imersos no preconceito social contra os pobres, desejam excluir alunos pobres vistos como mais ameaçadores. Mas a equipe dirigente e o corpo docente não permitem, utilizando a defesa de tais alunos como forma de se contrapor aos pais na disputa pelo poder que se instala. Diante desta resistência, os pais deixam de participar de tais órgãos, mas procuram exercer pressão direta no fazer dos professores. As crianças, imersas neste universo de conflito e preconceito, reproduzem a discriminação na relação com os colegas.The research has arisen from the following question: \"what are the repercussions on lower class children due to the increase of middle class students in public schools?\" In order to answer that question, we have carried out an ethnological study in a school in the city of Ribeirão Preto where this phenomena was evident. Not only observations (inside the classroom and in other areas in the school) were made, but also interviews with directors, advisers, teachers, parents and pupils. The results of the field research were stunning since they show that the relation between students from the middle class and the public school is much more complex than we would imagine. Due to economic problems, some families, which belong to the middle class, transfer their children from private schools to public ones. Some parents end up joining an APM (an association of parents and teachers) and the School Council so that they can \"control\" the public school in such a way that it does not affect their prestige. As parents are immersed in social prejudice against the poor, they want to exclude poor students once they are seen as the most threatening ones. However, the directors and the teaching faculty do not allow that to happen - they defend poor students as a way of opposing to parents in the fight for power. Having to face this opposition, parents normally give up taking part of school groups but, on the other hand, they put pressure on what teachers are doing. The children, immersed in this universe of conflict and prejudice, propagate discrimination in the relation with their colleagues.
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Malek, Alard A. "The dissolution of career in the lives of middle-class, middle-aged men." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/NQ46384.pdf.
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SOUZA, MARLUCE CARVALHO DE. "SCHOOL CHOICE BY POPULAR CLASS AND THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS: EXPECTATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20679@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA dissertação Escolha de escola pelas camadas populares e nova classe média é resultado da pesquisa desenvolvida junto a famílias cujos filhos estão matriculados no sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental em duas escolas, uma pública e uma privada, em um município vizinho do Rio de Janeiro. Essas escolas são consideradas de prestígio na cidade. Através de um questionário aplicado a 100 pais da escola pública e 60 pais da escola privada (o retorno foi de 83 questionários) e realizadas 20 entrevistas, 18 junto aos pais e 2 à equipe pedagógica da escola pública, foi possível perceber os motivos de escolha de escola, as concepções que as famílias possuem a respeito da qualidade de ensino e as expectativas que têm em relação ao futuro que advém do processo de escolarização de seus filhos. Um dado que emergiu como significativo foi a importância de valores morais e éticos transmitidos pela escola, dado esse encontrado nas falas de pais católicos e evangélicos, os quais por prezarem tais valores esperam que a escola os transmita aos seus filhos.
The dissertation School choice by popular class and the new middle class is the result of a research carried out with families whose children are enrolled in the sixth year of elementary school within a public and private school and in a neighboring municipality of Rio de Janeiro. These schools are considered prestigious in the city. Through a questionnaire administered to 100 parents of public school students and 60 parents of private school students (83 returned questionnaires) and conducted 20 interviews, being 18 interviews together with the parents and 2 interviews with teaching staff of the public school, it was possible to see the reasons for school choice, the concepts that families have about the quality of teaching and the expectations they have for the future that comes from the schooling process of their children. Significant information that emerged was the importance of moral and ethical values transmitted by school as the one found in the statements of Catholic parents and evangelicals, who cherish such values and expected the school to transmit to their children.
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Guma, Rosa. "Middle-Class Immigration and Residential Preferences in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143919.
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This thesis reviews theories about migration, relocation and residential choice focusing on middle-class migrants as the target group within the Swedish context. I argue that middle-class migrants represent an increasing group of migrants within the European Union since the economic crisis of 2008. This time period has seen increased migrant fluxes mainly from Southern to Northern European states. The middle-class migrants have particularities that distinguish them from traditional mass migration. This study aims to learn more about their reasons to move to another country (in this study, Sweden) and their process of settlement (and integration) within the urban context in Stockholm) assessing which factors affect their residential choices. On the basis of qualitative methods, I assess the results of the research interviews of a convenient sample of 9 middle-class newcomers to Stockholm, with previous literature. Results of this study suggest that individual residential choices are related to socio-demographic variables, lifestyle, taste and previous personal experiences. Nevertheless, residential choices and the process of settlement and territorial integration are also limited due to the nature of the housing market, the institutional context, tenure choice, sources of information and economic constraints. In short, the middle-class immigrants represent a small group, which is heterogeneous in terms of culture, race, profession, level of education, country of origin, languages, that shows preference for diversity and the inner city. They do not show preference for co-ethnic or cultural concentration, neither tendency to segregation at the neighborhood scale.
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Sindall, Richard. "The lived experience of middle class early retirement." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2154/.
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Meredith, Anne M. "Middle-class women and horticultural education, 1890-1939." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390831.
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Morrison, John Robert. "Perronet Thompson 1783-1869 : a middle-class radical." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359311.
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Birge, David (David Porter). "Embedded autonomies projecting an American middle-Class polis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99270.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
What possible response to the last forty years of depressed wages can the American middle-class have? Along with long established tactics on the consumption side of the production equation -- namely collective housing and collective purchasing -- a new form of economic autonomy is emerging from within the very tool-kit of Neoliberalism. Due to its vastly smaller scale and increased productivity, minimal environmental impact, and rapidly decreasing costs, automation technologies provide opportunity for collective ownership of joint factories. Here, the vast array of skilled middle-class workers can converge to share a base system of advanced production, consequently renewing their economic competitiveness. While individually the three forms of collective action might only require a diffuse spatialization, or no collocation whatsoever, the combination of all three collective strategies within the same spatial container suggests a potentially new form of living, one which goes beyond the simple abutting of live/work spaces, to the definition of a total life-world. To mediate this complexity I have appropriated a subtle archi-tectonic device, the plenum, as the infrastructure that simultaneously buffers and connects the two typically disparate worlds of material work and social re-production. The plenum does this by providing a flexible super-structure for services, people, and material to pass through, for program to attach to and utilize for its own specificity, and as a zone of mediation which allows spaces of industry and living to collide. With the collective control over these new spaces of both simple reproduction and extended production, founded on the appropriation of advanced forms of automated production, my thesis proposes the return to older modes of communal living and resilience through co-production and co-habitation, and hence the rebirth of the collective life-world. This design project is a first step in envisioning a new, American middle-class polis, defined here as the prior definition of a social and political form of existence. It harkens back to the very origin of the American mythology of self-sufficiency, to the Mayflower Compact, which set up a self-governance which understood that this self-sufficiency was not possible at the scale of the individual, but only at the scale of the community.
by David Birge.
S.M.
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Kutarna, Christopher. "Understanding ideological diversity within China's emerging middle class." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:37550827-541b-417b-a920-cf99aa1b766f.
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The Party-state's popular legitimacy is difficult to assess. This study aims to do so via a two- step methodology that aims to reveal the political belief sets through which the Chinese public evaluates the present regime and imagines possible alternatives. I focus upon the emerging middle class, as conceptualized by the Party-state, because the Party-state views this segment's support as a priority for its legitimation efforts. And I focus upon Beijing, because theory and evidence suggests that Beijing's emerging middle class should be especially persuaded by the Party-state's ideological work. Ideological diversity discovered in Beijing is a baseline of what one would hypothesize to exist elsewhere in China. First, I distil the main ideological traditions to which the emerging middle class is exposed - including Official Ideology, Liberalism, New Left and Political Confucianism - down into their essential convictions. Second, via Q Methodology, I present statements representing these distilled convictions to a sample of the emerging middle class and ask them, using these statements, to answer: 'What should the guiding values and principles of Chinese politics be?' From the patterns of their responses, I elucidate the variety of ways they evaluate the question - and hence, evaluate the legitimacy of the present regime. Four discourses emerge. Social Welfarism and Liberal Idealism form orthogonal boundaries between which most members of the emerging middle class situate themselves. Regression analysis suggests that the former is the default view, but a variety of factors can rotate people toward the latter. Authoritarian Reformism and Critical Realism are minority discourses that reveal more radical possibilities. My research suggests that the Party-state's efforts to contain public conceptions have had mixed success. The range of public political preferences is sufficiently constrained that a single Party can coherently claim to represent their fundamental shared interests. A corollary finding is that the 'middle class' is emerging into the role the Party-state envisages for it, as a stabilizing force. However, while its members may be 'allies of the state', only some are devotees, in the sense that they share substantially in the Official Ideological perspective. The bounded diversity of ideological discourses reveals the exquisite complexity of the Party-state's legitimation task, and many potential pitfalls and missteps. The present study reveals both the reach of the state (i.e., a bounded discourse weighted toward a Social Welfarist default) and its limits (i.e., popular drift toward problematic alternatives). More broadly, I find that popular legitimacy can be subjected to direct investigation. I show that while state-centric approaches to investigating China are compelling for their explanatory power, a balanced approach offers richer insight.
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Deuchar, Andrew. "Middle class youth and education in neoliberal India." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2013. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/99ffd3395b9af65c18441554fb0ba6770279dbe2c92dcaa563ec64796d310dc2/1011684/64847_downloaded_stream_72.pdf.
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Economic reform and structural adjustment in India has undermined state institutions through which the middle classes have historically reproduced their advantage. Education has been profoundly affected by increasing privatisation and a reduction in government subsidies, which in turn has implications for its accessibility, quality and utility. Given that education has historically been central to the processes of class formation for the lower middle classes, my primary concern is to analyse the capacity of this social group to reproduce their advantage through education in the neoliberal era. While I argue throughout that the Indian middle classes are a socially and culturally fragmented group, the major finding of this thesis is that these youth are experiencing increased hardship, heightened anxiety, and are confronting the reality of downward mobility. By demonstrating the contemporary challenges that youth living outside major metropolitan areas face, this thesis contributes to debates about the Indian middle classes as well as debates about youth and education in the Global South. Given the sheer enormity of the youthful population in India, theorising their trajectories is necessary for our understandings of Indian development more broadly.
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Kwong, Hay-yin Freda. "Housing for the middle income group : sandwich class housing loan scheme (1993) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19738389.
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Ray, Radharani. "The rhetoric of postcolonialism Indian middle cinema and the middle class in the 1990s /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035171.
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Miller, Amanda Jayne. "Playing House? The Paid Work and Domestic Divisions of Working Class, Class Straddling, and Middle Class Cohabiting Couples." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243876714.
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Pettit, Harry. "Without hope there is no life : class, affect, and meritocracy in middle class Cairo." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3673/.
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This thesis examines the lives of a group of young middle-class Egyptian men who experience a mismatch between their aspirations and their chances of realising them. It analyses the historical emergence of an under-recognised ‘falling’ middle-class in contemporary Egypt, by comparing their relative fall with another middle-class population which has experienced a dramatic rise in wealth and status in the aftermath of neoliberal economic change. I contribute to literature examining the rise of the middle-classes across the Global South in recent years. First, I reveal the importance of historically-owned rural land, cultural privilege, the legal and political remnants of state socialism, and international migration in the socio-economic rise of an Egyptian middle-class. Second, I move away from a predominant focus on consumption, and instead highlight how educational markers, and ‘character’ differences enable the exercise of a new form of ‘open-minded’ middle-class distinction. But finally, I challenge existing literature by uncovering the emergence of an alternative, less-celebratory middle-class in the late-20th and early-21st century, one which has experienced relative decline as the public sector jobs, education, and subsidies they relied on to forge their middle-class lives have been stripped away. The rest of the thesis uses eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork stretched over two years to delve into the lives of a group of young men in this falling middle-class category as they attempt to make the transition from education to ‘aspired to’ employment. It first establishes the existence of a rupture in the Bourdieu-like congruence between their aspirations for a globalised middle-class life, and their ability to reach it. The three main empirical chapters analyse the consequences of this ‘mismatch.’ By applying affect theory to the study of class immobility, I recast existing understandings of how people navigate conditions of ‘waithood,’ in particular through reintroducing a focus on stability and power. I argue that these young men survive their classed and aged immobility through forming a ‘cruel attachment’ to a discursive and material terrain of Egyptianised meritocracy that affects them with hope for the future. This terrain was continuously extended by certain labour market industries and institutions, such as training centres, recruitment agencies, and an entrepreneurship ‘scene,’ that constituted part of Cairo’s ‘hopeful city.’ The thesis therefore demonstrates how Egypt’s capitalistauthoritarian regime also survives, securing the compliance of young middle-class men, despite denying them access to respectable middle-class living, by continually regurgitating a hopeful promise of future fulfilment.
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Pfeiffer, Elizabeth J. "The value of education : differing perceptions in a class-divided society." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1318936.
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Despite education reform efforts to improve the quality of education in urban lower-income areas, a continued correlation between social status and academic achievement that disproportionately disadvantages those from a lower class background remains. This thesis explores the connection between social class and the meanings placed upon education and presents a number of distinguishing elements that middle class and working-class individual's value about education in a predominantly white working-class urban neighborhood in the Midwest. More specifically, while both middle-class and working-class individuals espoused a value for parent involvement, "caring" or quality teachers, and relevant curriculums, unique schemas and meanings were evoked by each of these elements. For example, the meaning of a "caring" teacher was different for each group as each looked for different attributes as signs or markers of quality.Department of Anthropology
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Carvalho, Ana Luísa da Cunha. "A erosão da classe média europeia, o crescimento da nova classe média global e o caso português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13542.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusO declínio das classes médias Ocidentais está associado à crescente polarização entre uma pequena mas poderosa elite e uma classe trabalhadora progressivamente maior e mais pobre, esta última enfrentando tendências de deterioração das suas condições materiais e laborais. À erosão e empobrecimento da classe média estão associadas outras dimensões, que agravam este preocupante cenário: o aumento das desigualdades dentro dos países, a hereditariedade patrimonial e de oportunidades (oposta ao sistema meritocrático), a destruição do modelo social, e o enfraquecimento das perspectivas de ascensão socioeconómica. Embora focando essencialmente os contextos Europeu e Norte-Americano, revelou-se crucial, para a arquitectura de uma boa visão geral das tendências globais com impacto na classe média, abranger as novas classes média em desenvolvimento hoje geograficamente dispersas. No mundo em desenvolvimento observa-se a diminuição das taxas de pobreza absoluta. Não subestimando o êxito da contracção da pobreza extrema, nesses mesmos países o aumento das desigualdades é igualmente visível, e poderá estar a contribuir para a criação de bases perigosas e instáveis que minem, a médio ou longo prazo, o desenvolvimento sustentável dessas economias.
The declining Western middle-classes' trend is associated with the increasing polarization between a small but powerful elite and a growing lower class facing the deterioration of material and labor conditions. Other dimensions are at stake in this worrying scenario of a poorer and diminishing middle-class: the rise of inequality within-countries, the inheritance of wealth and opportunities opposing to a meritocratic system, the farewell of the social model and the weakening of economic and social upward mobility. While focusing on the European and North-American contexts, and in order to provide a good overview of the global trends that impact on this group, it seemed important to connect the development of the rise of new middle classes from all around the world. In the non-Western part of the world we call "the rest", the absolute poverty rates are declining. Such accomplishment may present itself to the world as a challenge surpassed but also masking the reality of a rising inequality, maybe building dangerous foundations for a sustainable development of societies and economies. This paper focuses on an analysis of what being middle-class means and why it is a class with major importance to the full success of nations, considering the ongoing international trends and prospects.
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Miao, Ying. "Social identity, attitude and behaviour of the Chinese middle class." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709109.
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Bell, J. Gregory Dossey John A. "A history of mathematics class for middle school teachers." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1992. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9234458.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1992.Title from title page screen, viewed January 19, 2006. Dissertation Committee: John A. Dossey (chair), Lynn H. Brown, Franklin G. Lewis, Albert D. Otto, Charles L. VanderEynden. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 644-648) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Smallegoor, Elles. "Novel upstarts : Frances Burney and the lower middle class." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185536.
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Frances Burney was the only major long eighteenth-century novelist to bring shopkeepers and tradesmen into literary focus. The current study seeks to shed light on this neglected aspect of the author’s work. By combining textual analysis with historicist, and, to a lesser extent, biographical criticism, it examines the author’s four novels alongside a cultural and literary trend that emerges in late eighteenth-century England and is defined by an increased fascination for, and hostility against, economically prospering retailers and smaller tradesmen. Through her fiction, Burney developed new strategies to represent the domestic trader as an unwelcome new upstart, and, it is argued, contributed to the popular conceptualisation of a social stratum that we nowadays call the lower middle class. Her novels should not be labelled reactionary. Even though they are implicated in traditional processes of stratification, they promote a progressive social vision in which the existence of the domestic trader is recognised rather than negated. More generally, this study argues that the concept of the lower middle class can be an enriching hermeneutic tool for scholars of eighteenth-century studies. By using the lower middle class as a conceptual framework within which to investigate not only Burney’s novels but a whole body of writings on the subject of the upwardly mobile trader, it shows, firstly, that the historian can draw on eighteenth-century literature to capture a sense of how certain models of class come into being and, secondly, that the literary critic can effectively use the category of social class to make new discoveries, not only about eighteenth-century literature but also about Burney’s unique contribution to the development of the novel genre.
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Rincon, Luz. "Middle-class Spanish of the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1285090.
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Kyle, Rosemary. "Middle class men's conceptualisations of food : a sociological investigation." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298381.
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Button, Catherine Myrena. "Domesticating infrastructure : Mumbai's middle class housing and rainwater harvesting." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10600/.
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Housing is no longer merely a site of resource consumption, but also supplier of decentralised ‘green’ resources for Mumbai’s middle classes and rainwater harvesting is pivotal to this shift as the first major environmental intervention. This thesis aims to assess how Mumbai’s middle classes are responding to water shortage and environmental change through domestic rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting is mandatory in newly constructed buildings and retrofits are becoming increasingly popular as the municipality promotes water saving initiatives. The responsibility for securing water resources in Mumbai’s middle class households has thus been shifted onto the residents themselves at the same time as they strive to secure and improve their lifestyles. This research draws on fieldwork in Mumbai from 2009 to 2011 to explore how rainwater harvesting is being governed, assembled and practiced by the rapidly growing but under-researched middle classes. A socio-technical framework is used to analyse the findings and this thesis draws three main conclusions: Firstly, housing is being repositioned as a water supplier, and thus a site for governing services, promoting middle class responses to shortage and allowing the municipality to roll back provision. Secondly, the domestication of water supplies through rainwater harvesting can accelerate the uptake of other environmental technologies within residential buildings by creating apertures in the socio-technical transition. Thirdly, rainwater harvesting facilitates the performance of middle class lifestyles by securing constant water supplies but servants can distance residents from resource use and influence uptake and effectiveness of these decentralised environmental services. Therefore, if these complexities are acknowledged, the domestication of water infrastructure through rainwater harvesting has the potential to open up Mumbai’s homes to become more sustainable.
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Hoey, Dylan. "Milwaukee's Black Middle Class and the Struggle for Recognition." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1450.
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In this thesis, I attempt to construct a historical overview of the development of Milwaukee's black middle class. Furthermore, I attempt to develop the connection between the migratory movements of African-American's from the South, and the living conditions that materialized in Milwaukee that precipitated the Civil Rights Movement.
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Leonard, Bayes Kathleen E. "Making Middle-Class Marriage Modern in Kentucky, 1830-1900." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1160578440.
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Dorsey, Sharon Rae. "An ethnography of a middle school language arts class /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262825077835.
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Smith-Tran, Alicia. "Racialized Runners: Life Stories of Middle-Class Black Women." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1523195798958536.
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Hampson, Keith C. (Keith Christopher) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "Consumer culture and social relations: white middle class nostalgia." Ottawa, 1994.
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