Journal articles: 'Middle class men – fiction'

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Gunasekaran N and Bhuvaneshwari S. "History Turmoil And Politico-Cultural Conditions of the Sub-Continental Men In Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITIES 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2015): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/ijsth48.

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Salman Rushdie remains a major Indian writer in English. His birth coincides with the birth of a new modern nation on August 15, 1947. He has been justly labelled by the critics as a post-colonial writer who knows his trade well. His second novel Midnight’s Children was published in 1981 and it raised a storm in the hitherto middle class world of fiction writing both in English and in vernaculars. Rushdie for the first time burst into the world of fiction with subversive themes like impurity, illegitimacy, plurality and hybridity. He understands that a civilization called India may be profitably understood as a dream, a collage of many colours, a blending of cultures and nationalities, a pluralistic society and in no way unitary.

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NISSEN, AXEL. "A Tramp at Home." Nineteenth-Century Literature 60, no. 1 (June 1, 2005): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2005.60.1.57.

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Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) contains the materials for a wide-ranging analysis of the different and competing understandings of American manhood in the nineteenth century and the ways in which men might interact with each other and love each other. In order to understand better the sexual and emotional dynamics of the novel, we must understand the other kinds of writings about men alone and together that Twain was responding to. In this essay I place Twain's classic novel in two nineteenth-century discursive contexts that have been obscured in the existing criticism: the fiction of romantic friendship and the public debate on the homeless man. Huckleberry Finn may be seen as the reverse of the medal of normative, middle-class masculinity in Victorian America and as a counterpoint to the more conventional, idealized accounts of romantic friendship in the works of several of Twain's contemporaries and rivals. I suggest that while Huck and Jim negotiate an uncommon type of romantic friendship across barriers of race and generation, the duke and the dauphin appear as a grotesque parody of high-minded "brotherly love." By co-opting some of the conventions of romantic friendship fiction, Twain decreased the distance between his underclass characters and middle-class readers. Yet by writing and publishing the first novel about tramps during a period of heightened national concern about homeless men, Twain increased the topicality and popular appeal of what was, in its initial American publication in 1885, a subscription book that needed an element of sensationalism in order to sell.

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Zachs, Fruma. "Subversive Voices of Daughters of the Nahḍa: Alice al-Bustani and Riwayat Saʾiba (1891)." Hawwa 9, no. 3 (2011): 332–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920811x599149.

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Abstract The novel, or more generally, narrative fiction—a new genre of Arabic literature—fuelled the imagination of middle-class youth during the nineteenth-century Arabic nahḍa (awakening), and was thus revolutionary by definition. These narratives were implicit critiques of middle-class society. Although research on earlier novels of the nahḍa authored by men has gradually increased over the last few decades, research on women writers and their novels is still in its infancy. This essay focuses mainly on Riwayat Saʾiba (1891), written by Alice Bustani (1870–1926), daughter of one of the prominent intellectuals of the nahḍa, Butrus al-Bustani (1819–1883). It discusses these novels as social and historical texts, and describes how writing narrative fiction allowed women to express their opinions without excluding themselves from society and its norms. Women challenged male discourse by modifying the plots and messages of their novels, thus proposing alternative discourses and criticizing the existing one. This exploration of women’s writing thus aims to reveal the active voice of daughters of the nahḍa.

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Gilfoyle, Timothy J. "The Hearts of Nineteenth-Century Men: Bigamy and Working-Class Marriage in New York City, 1800–1890." Prospects 19 (October 1994): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300005081.

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In 19th-century america, the bigamous marriage became a controversial subject and repeated cultural metaphor. From popular fiction to sensationalistic journalism to purity reform literature, writers repeatedly employed bigamy as a moral signpost warning readers of the sexual dangers and illicit deceptions of urban life. Middle-class Americans in particular envisioned the male bigamist as a particular type of confidence man. Like gamblers and “sporting men,” these figures prowled the parlors of respectable households in search of hapless, innocent women whom they looked to conquer and seduce, dupe and destroy. Such status-conscious social climbers deceptively passed for something they were not. Most authors depicted the practice in Manichaean terms of good versus evil, innocence versus corruption. Bigamy thus enabled writers to contrast the nostalgic, virtuous, agrarian republicanism of postrevolutionary America with the perceived urban depravity of the coarse, new metropolis. Such illegal matrimony, editorialized one newspaper, “speaks volumes for man's duplicity and woman's weakness.” Pure and simple, bigamy was “mere wickedness.”

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Brecke, Anna. "’Arry and ’Arriet Beyond Punch : Tourism and Class Tension in Popular Fiction." Victorians: A Journal of Culture and Literature 144, no. 1 (2023): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vct.2023.a913513.

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ABSTRACT: Rising lower- and middle-class Victorians benefited from affordable opportunities for travel, with the hospitality industry newly opened to travelers of all socioeconomic backgrounds. Travel destinations, domestic and international, became spaces of contention, shared by the wealthy—accustomed to privilege—and the lower classes—who aimed to share in that privilege. Popular periodicals satirized these developments, as in the Punch character ’Arry, a Cockney man known for following the latest trends, including travel. Symbolizing the generic lower-class tourist, ’Arry also appears in newspapers and other periodicals, and in works of fiction by Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Marie Corelli, and Florence Marryat. ’Arry and his companion ’Arriet highlight class and race tensions, at home and abroad, in unique and unprecedented ways.

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Bailey, Peter. "White Collars, Gray Lives? The Lower Middle Class Revisited." Journal of British Studies 38, no. 3 (July 1999): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386195.

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The lower middle class has long had a bad press, for in common with other subaltern groups it has been more represented from without than within. Thus Victorian writers faced with the disquieting irruption of a new breed of petty bourgeois shop and office workers devised a parodic discourse of littleness, whose feminized tropes rendered the clerk as socially insignificant as the sequestered Victorian woman. George Grossmith's comic classic, Diary of a Nobody, pilloried the new social type in Mr. Pooter, whose smaller-than-life adventures stood for all that was ineffectual, pretentious, and banal in his class. Social commentators held the lower middle class responsible for the degeneration of civilization itself, stifled by their suburban respectability and addiction to mass culture. In Howard's End, E. M. Forster drew the clerk, Leonard Bast, with some sympathy but made him the book's major casualty, while belittling a class whose education was learned “from the outside of books.” In the interwar years the Marxist poet Christopher Caudwell likened the petty bourgeois world to “a terrible stagnant marsh, all mud and bitterness, without even the saving grace of tragedy.” George Orwell's fictional antihero from the same period, the insurance salesman George Bowling, characterizes the men of his class as “Tories, yes-men and bumsuckers.” It is still hard to hide a certain relish in repeating such charges, for putting the boot in on the lower middle class has long been the intellectual's blood sport, an exorcism, so we are told, of the guilty secret so many of us share as closet petit bourgeois denying our own class origins.

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Vogt, Matthew T., Yuen Pun Chow, Jenny Fernandez, Chase Grubman, and Dylan Stacey. "Designing a Reading Curriculum to Teach the Concept of Empathy to Middle Level Learners." Voices from the Middle 23, no. 4 (May 1, 2016): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/vm201628571.

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Postmodern forms of young adult literature encourage readers to not only question and challenge the status quo but to implement changes to the world around them.—Realistic YA fiction works like Wonder by R.J. Palacio and The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie are no exception to this phenomenon.—Both push young readers to view people with disabilities and people from unfortunate economic circumstances from empathetic rather than sympathetic perspectives.—Realistic picturebooks, specifically ones that explore concepts of disabilities and social class, also play a role in classrooms with older children. Works like—Fly Away Home by Eve Bunting and Keeping Up With Roo by Sharlee Mullins Glenn both address social class and disabilities but do so in a potentially superficial—and stereotypical way. This does not mean that such works are without value in upper-age classrooms since they provide a basic introduction to these concepts.—This article takes on four separate and brief studies that discuss how the selection of the aforementioned texts can speak to students who have been ostracized by—the schools they attend. Each section analyzes themes, ideologies, representations of accuracy and authenticity, and classroom applications to illustrate how the—careful selection of realistic fiction can lead to quality instruction.

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Kallander, Amy. "Transnational Intimacies and the Construction of the New Nation." French Politics, Culture & Society 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2021.390106.

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Abstract This article examines love as a facet of nation building in constructions of modern womanhood and national identity in the 1950s and 1960s. In Tunisia and France, romantic love was evoked to define an urban, middle-class modernity in which the gender norms implicit in companionate marriage signaled a break with the past. These ideals were represented in fiction and women's magazines and elaborated in the novel genre of the advice column. Yet this celebration was interrupted by concern about “mixed marriage” and the rise of anti-immigrant discrimination targeting North Africans in France. Referring to race or religion, debates about interracial marriage in Tunisia and the sexual stereotyping of North African men in France reveal the continuity of colonialism's racial legacies upon postcolonial states. The idealization of marital choice as a testament to individual and national modernity was destabilized by transnational intimacies revealing the limits of the nation-state's liberatory promise to women.

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Kallander, Amy. "Transnational Intimacies and the Construction of the New Nation." French Politics, Culture & Society 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2020.390106.

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This article examines love as a facet of nation building in constructions of modern womanhood and national identity in the 1950s and 1960s. In Tunisia and France, romantic love was evoked to define an urban, middle-class modernity in which the gender norms implicit in companionate marriage signaled a break with the past. These ideals were represented in fiction and women’s magazines and elaborated in the novel genre of the advice column. Yet this celebration was interrupted by concern about “mixed marriage” and the rise of anti-immigrant discrimination targeting North Africans in France. Referring to race or religion, debates about interracial marriage in Tunisia and the sexual stereotyping of North African men in France reveal the continuity of colonialism’s racial legacies upon postcolonial states. The idealization of marital choice as a testament to individual and national modernity was destabilized by transnational intimacies revealing the limits of the nation-state’s liberatory promise to women.

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Zhiqing, Xue. "The Realistic Dilemma of Suburban Life: Upon John Cheever’s Work Bullet Park as an Example for American Middle-Class Families." Advances in Social Science and Culture 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2023): p95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v5n2p95.

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Bullet Park is a novel written by American novelist John Cheever in the mid-late 20th century that echos the suburban life of American middle-class families after World War II. As a fictional suburban town, the distinctive existence of Bullet Park is like a utopia attempting to hinder the invasion of real society. The men and women in the town live a glamorous life whilst conceding numerous unknown secrets. Cheever constructs the story into three chapters through the strategy of fragmented writing: Nails, Hammer, and the intersection of Nails and Hammer. The novel fully embodies the hypocritical persona of American middle-class families in social communication, the long-standing disorder & dilemma within the families and the generalized spiritual crisis that exists among the stratum who are lingering in agony. The author combines the personal growth experience of Cheever amid some relevant stories occurs to the protagonists inside to analyze the perplexity and floundering of American middle-class society, families, and individuals during that sensitive period, i.e., the period of “Counter-culture Movement”.

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Abdulridha, Ghufran Amer, and Isra Hashim Taher. "Angela Carter’s The Magic Toyshop." Al-Adab Journal 3, no. 143 (December 15, 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v3i143.3936.

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The charming world of fairy tales used to be, for many ages, the favorite world for readers of fiction. Until the moment, these magical tales, their adventurous journeys, and happy endings provide a vital source of enchanting entertainment. Throughout her literary career, Angela Carter (1940-1992), a contemporary British novelist and a short story writer, shows interest in the employment of fairy tales in her works, producing what is called modern fairy tales. Her rewriting of these tales rendered her a remarkable woman advocate who calls for women’s legitimate rights and an appreciation and a recognition of their active position in societies, things that men enjoy and always receive. This paper tackles The Magic Toyshop (1967), Carter’s second novel. It discusses the fate of its young heroine, Melanie, and her siblings, Jonathan and Victoria, who have become orphans by the death of their parents in a plane crash while in America. Melanie journeys from her middle-class luxurious house to Uncle Phillip’s poor house located in South London. Like Cinderella, the orphan girl dreams of being a bride and marrying a handsome man while suffering under the oppression of a stepfather, Uncle Phillip. Unlike her, Melanie will be shocked to meet a different version of Prince Charming of her imagination.

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Bolay, Jordan. "“Same Old Ed, . . . Uncommitted”: BMW Socialism and Post-Roguery in Guy Vanderhaeghe’s Early Fiction." Text Matters, no. 9 (December 30, 2019): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.09.07.

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In this paper I assess how Guy Vanderhaeghe’s early fiction criticizes the class-based and civil movements of post-1960s Saskatchewan through the recurring character of Ed. The protagonist of “Man Descending” and “Sam, Soren, and Ed” from Man Descending, the uncollected “He Scores! He Shoots!” and the novel My Present Age, Ed both condemns and epitomizes the contaminated and seductive gestures of the movements’ influences and enterprises. Vanderhaeghe deploys layers of social criticism: the first comments on the new urban progressive generation—the BMW socialists—while another manifests a counter-criticism that comments on those who challenge social progress, questioning their motives and the credibility of their critique. But what is a BMW socialist? A sociopolitical chameleon hiding behind pretense? Ed describes such a creature as a former “nay-sayer and boycotter” who “intended to dedicate his life to eternal servitude in a legal-aid clinic,” but then “affluence did him in” and now “his ass [is] cupped lovingly in the contoured leather seats of his BMW” (Man Descending 237–38). Vanderhaeghe’s early works criticize the contemporary middle class and progressivist movements of the second half of the twentieth century through this sociopolitical rogue—who in turn becomes a post-rogue. For Ed is ironically undercut by a counter-narrative that is often sub-textual, resulting in a fascinating appraisal of social ignorance, immobility, and unproductivity rather than of any specific ideology.

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Gallo, Callie J. "Seeing the ‘excessively obvious’: The penny press, gender and work in Edgar Allan Poe’s Dupin stories." Explorations in Media Ecology 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eme_00013_1.

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This article considers the biases of the popular press, the first mass-print medium, alongside the biases of gender and professionalism in Edgar Allan Poe’s early 1840s detective fiction. In the tales ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, ‘The Mystery of Marie Rogêt’ and ‘The Purloined Letter’, detective C. Auguste Dupin develops unmatched analytical and professional capabilities through his extensive reading of print media and his familiarity with the protocols of the nineteenth-century penny press. Based on the model of the New York Sun, these cheap publications popularized women’s gruesome deaths and cruel misfortunes for profit. In Dupin’s media environment, women are always-already victims without the means or opportunity to speak for themselves, maintain steady employment, or find shelter from the exploitative practices of the commercial press. Men like Dupin, on the other hand, stand to build professional skills, wealth and fame the more they study and replicate the practices of their print media environment. Reading Poe’s representation of gender inequity as an extension of the penny press and middle-class professionalism complicates previous assessments of Dupin (by Marshall McLuhan and literary scholars alike) as an inclusive literary figure that invites reader participation.

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Elliott, Dorice Williams. "TRANSPORTED TO BOTANY BAY: IMAGINING AUSTRALIA IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY CONVICT BROADSIDES." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2015): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000539.

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The speaker of this ballad(circa 1828) laments the fact that, though he was born of “honest parents,” he became “a roving blade” and has been convicted of an unspecified crime for which he has been sentenced to “Botany Bay,” a popular name for Australia. Although he addresses his audience as “young men of learning,” the rest of the ballad implies that he, as is conventional in the broadside form, is a working-class apprentice gone astray. Like this fictional speaker, approximately 160,000 men and women convicted of crimes ranging from poaching hares to murder – but mostly theft – were transported to one of the new British colonies in Australia between the years 1787 and 1867. Minor crimes such as shoplifting, which today would merit some community service and a fine, yielded a sentence of seven years, while other felons were sentenced for fourteen years to life for more serious crimes. While non-fictional accounts of the young colony of New South Wales were published in Britain almost as soon as the First Fleet arrived there in 1788, these were written by people with at least a middle-class education, whereas the vast majority of the convicted felons who were transported came from the working classes. Since books and newspapers were expensive and the level of literacy among working-class people varied considerably, few of them would have had access to such accounts of the new colonies. Several descriptions, mostly borrowed from the writings of the officers who accompanied the First Fleet, were published in cheap chapbook form, while occasional letters from convicts to their families were printed and distributed, and of course there were unpublished letters plus word-of-mouth reports from convicts or soldiers who did return. But none of these were broadly disseminated among working-class people.

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Hutner, Gordon. "In the Middle: Fiction, Borders, and Class." CR: The New Centennial Review 1, no. 2 (2001): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ncr.2003.0049.

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Kim, Dahye. "Who Is Afraid of Techno-Fiction? The Emergence of Online Science Fiction in the Age of Informatization." Journal of Korean Studies 27, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-9859850.

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Abstract An important and distinctive characteristic of the emergence of South Korean science fiction for an adult readership is its flourishing in digital space, predominantly written by the new generation of middle-class, techno-savvy youth beginning in the late 1980s. This article, which terms these science fiction texts from the late 1980s through the 1990s “techno-fiction,” begins by examining how contemporary literary critics viewed both science fiction and the practice of digital writing as concerning symptoms of “postmodernity” that threatened older aesthetic axioms of the literary field. For these critics, techno-fiction signified the empirical facts not only that increasing numbers of texts were being produced via the mediation of computer technology but, even more concerning, that the larger, politico-economic transformation of informatization was radically restructuring the cultural landscape and everyday cultural practices. Building on these critics’ calls to pay attention to the rising middle-class habitus and related cultural techniques to better understand the state of literature and culture in the age of information, and set against the backdrop of state-initiated and neoliberal processes of informatization, this article closely examines how these middle-class youth grew up to become key players in the production and consumption of techno-fiction.

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Curtin, Mary Elizabeth. "“LIKE BOTTLED WASPS”: BEERBOHM, HUYSMANS, AND THE DECADENTS’ SUBURBAN RETREAT." Victorian Literature and Culture 39, no. 1 (December 6, 2010): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150310000331.

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Such was George Orwell's vision of suburban life in his 1939 novel Coming Up for Air – a vision of mindless, middle-class consumerism teetering always on the edge of financial ruin – a domestic life-in-death. Over the course of the twentieth century, suburbia has become the topos of bourgeois complacency, the locus of psychic decline. Strange, then, to think that at the end of the nineteenth century, two of Europe's Decadent writers – Max Beerbohm and Joris-Karl Huysmans – could find in the suburbs of London and Paris an aesthetic retreat from the snares of bourgeois urban life. In 1884, Huysmans published Against Nature, the paragon of fin-de-siècle Decadent fiction which recounts the movement of the syphilitic aristocrat, Duc Jean Floressas des Esseintes, from the centre of Paris to the suburban village of Fontenay-aux-Roses where he constructs his anti-bourgeois aesthetic hermitage. Over ten years later, in 1896, Beerbohm published his satirical essay “Diminuendo,” in which the twenty-four-year-old writer announces his retirement from the literary world and his subsequent retreat to a quiet life of aesthetic contemplation in a London suburb. Needless to say, these suburban havens are a far cry from Orwell's sordid account of pre-war suburbia's obsession with false teeth and life insurance. Though only a little over fifty years separate Against Nature and Coming Up for Air, the suburbs of Huysmans and Orwell seem worlds apart. No one could imagine Des Esseintes's leather-bound study in the “Hesperides Estates,” and it seems unthinkable to picture Beerbohm locking himself away in a library amidst the cacophony of squealing infants and nagging housewives. The suburbs seem the least likely place in which the Decadent or dandy might thrive, and yet in Against Nature and “Diminuendo,” Huysmans and Beerbohm depict the suburbs as the last refuge of the man of taste. How could this be? What are these fin-de-siècle suburbs of London and Paris, and what do they signify in Huysmans's and Beerbohm's writing? These are the central questions I pose in this study of the Decadents’ retreat from urban life.

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Linkon, Sherry Lee. "Men without Work: White Working-Class Masculinity in Deindustrialization Fiction." Contemporary Literature 55, no. 1 (2014): 148–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cli.2014.0003.

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Mark, Rebecca. "Why Aren’t Middle-Class White Women Laughing in Eudora Welty’s Fiction?" Eudora Welty Review 6, no. 1 (2014): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ewr.2014.0011.

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Osteen, M. "Around Quitting Time: Work and Middle-Class Fantasy in American Fiction." American Literature 74, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-74-3-680.

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Wilson, Lisa, and Shawn Johansen. "Family Men: Middle-Class Fatherhood in Early Industrializing America." Journal of the Early Republic 22, no. 1 (2002): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124883.

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Roberts, Brian, and Shawn Johansen. "Family Men: Middle-Class Fatherhood in Early Industrializing America." Journal of American History 89, no. 3 (December 2002): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3092378.

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Walker, M., A. G. Shaper, and G. Wannamethee. "Height and social class in middle-aged British men." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 42, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.42.3.299.

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Meyer, Neele. "Challenging Gender and Genre: Women in Contemporary Indian Crime Fiction in English." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 66, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2018-0010.

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Abstract This paper looks at three Indian crime fiction series by women writers who employ different types of female detectives in contemporary India. The series will be discussed in the context of India’s economic growth and the emergence of a new middle class, which has an impact on India’s complex publishing market. I argue that the authors offer new identification figures while depicting a wide spectrum of female experiences within India’s contemporary urban middle class. In accordance with the characteristics of popular fiction, crime fiction offers the possibility to assume new roles within the familiar framework of a specific genre. Writers also partly modify the genre as a form of social criticism and use strategies such as the avoidance of closure. I conclude that the genre is of particular suitability for women in modern India as a testing-ground for new roles and a space that helps to depict and accommodate recent transformations that connect to processes of globalization.

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Grundy, Saida. "“An Air of Expectancy”." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 642, no. 1 (June 4, 2012): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716212438203.

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This qualitative study explores formations of masculinity among students at a historically black all-male college, offering insights into how the institution crafts the manhood of its students in accordance with gender and class ideologies about black male respectability, heteronormativity, and male hegemony. While a plethora of studies on poverty, deviance, and marginalization have highlighted black men “in crisis,” this article examines middle-class black men and explores sites of conflict and difference for this latter group. Three critical insights into middle-class black masculinity are revealed by this approach: first, that men are institutionally “branded” through class and gender ideologies; second, that the exceptionality of high-achieving black men is politicized to endorse class conflict with other black men; and finally, that sexuality and class performances are inseparably linked through men’s sexual consumption of black women.

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Ross, Stephen. "Around Quitting Time: Work and Middle-Class Fantasy in American Fiction (review)." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 48, no. 2 (2002): 488–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.2002.0039.

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Shields, Juliet. "Preaching without Practicing: Middle-Class Domesticity in Annie S. Swan's Serial Fiction." Victorian Periodicals Review 52, no. 3 (2019): 566–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vpr.2019.0035.

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Carter, Brenda Choresi. "Around Quitting Time: Work and Middle-Class Fantasy in American Fiction (review)." Modernism/modernity 9, no. 2 (2002): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mod.2002.0025.

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Knighton, Andrew. "Around Quitting Time: Work and Middle-Class Fantasy in American Fiction (review)." Cultural Critique 56, no. 1 (2004): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cul.2003.0060.

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Breton, Rob. "Women and Children First: Appropriated Fiction in the Ten Hours’ Advocate." Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 3, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/fsmi1264.

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This article examines interclass strategies to bring about reform in mid-nineteenth century England. It specifically explores the way the Ten Hours’ Advocate, a paper written for the working classes, looked to present itself as a middle-class periodical in order to further the argument for factory reform. In reproducing fiction filched from middle-class periodicals, the Advocate performed its argument for the Factory Bill: that the Bill would ease social tensions, dissipate the Chartist or radical threat, and ensure a “return” to traditional gender roles. The appropriated fiction is mild, rather bland; the non-fictional argument for reform is direct and unapologetic. That the Advocate was opportunistic in the way it made the case for reform is an example of the advantages provided to reformers by the absence of strict copyright laws and by Victorian periodical culture in general. But it also contextualises the debate over the family-wage argument and the working-class role in hardening the Victorian sexual division of labour.

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Klerk, Marianne. "Stadtschmerz: Stories of Loss and Guilt in Times of Gentrification." Amsterdam Museum Journal 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 176–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.61299/i_b299zm.

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This essay detects a genre of non-fiction, which it coins as Stadtschmerz. In this genre, middle class residents who experience alienation due to gentrification turn this experience into stories of loss and guilt (for being the target group of gentrification). This essay explores four canonical texts of Stadtschmerz from the mid-19th century to the present; the authors explore the gentrifying city as flâneurs and report on their findings in a feuilleton. As such, the essay shows how through expressing Stadtschmerz the middle-class attempts to cope with the making of the middle-class city. In this way, Stadtschmerz neutralizes the positionality of the writer and his readership within processes of gentrification. Furthermore, it offers readers voyeurism into the lives of the displaced lower classes. Lastly, Stadtschmerz processes middle-class anxiety amid gentrification. A deconstructive analysis of Stadtschmerz tells us that the experience of gentrification is above all a hot topic for the middle-class itself.

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Mao, Peijie. "The Cultural Imaginary of “Middle Society” in Early Republican Shanghai." Modern China 44, no. 6 (April 13, 2018): 620–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700418766827.

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This article explores the cultural imaginary of “middle society” in China through popular writings of the early twentieth century. It pays particular attention to popular print media in early Republican Shanghai, which played a central role in constructing a middle-class cultural identity by offering new sources for imagination and for the configuration of urban modernity. I suggest that the popular imagination of the Chinese middle class can be traced back to the discourse of “middle society,” “utopian stories,” and “industrial fiction” in the 1910s and 1920s. This imaginary of middle society was defined and supported by a broad range of cultural expressions in popular media. It revealed both the social anxiety and tensions brought about by the socioeconomic transformations in early twentieth-century China and the middle-class “cultural dreams” of Chinese society and modern life.

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Sahie, M. Wahib. "FATHERHOOD OF JAVANESE LOW-MIDDLE CLASS." Psychosophia: Journal of Psychology, Religion, and Humanity 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/psc.v1i2.884.

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This study aims to explore the masculine identity of the fatherhood of Javanese men and to understand its psychological dynamics through ‘the experience of being a father’. Therefore, the researcher applied hermeneutic-phenomenology study that which is digging beneath the configuration inside and also construct the gender structure. Also, in this study the subject of researchers came from Java residing in Jomblang Karang Bendo and in this study are those who are in the category of low-middle class. The findings in this study explain that fatherhood is constructed through discourse which is a requirement of the engendered fatherhood. Furthermore, fatherhood is a figure needed in the family (wife and children).

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Gordon, Elizabeth. "Sex, speech, and stereotypes: Why women use prestige speech forms more than men." Language in Society 26, no. 1 (March 1997): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019400.

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ABSTRACTIt is widely reported that women use more prestige speech forms than men, and style-shift more dramatically than men. This article puts forward the view that this behavior of women is not a matter of self-promotion, but of avoidance. Evidence from a survey of New Zealand middle-class speakers shows that their stereotype of a lower-class female speaker includes potential sexual immorality. Because of society's double standard regarding men's and women's sexual behavior, the stereotype affects women more than men, and could be an explanation for middle-class women's use of prestige forms as a way of avoiding association with the lower-class stereotype. (Women's speech, social class, speech varieties, sex and language, stereotypes, New Zealand)

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Damaske, Sarah. "Job Loss and Attempts to Return to Work: Complicating Inequalities across Gender and Class." Gender & Society 34, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243219869381.

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Drawing on data from 100 qualitative interviews with the recently unemployed, this study examines how participants made decisions about attempting to return to work and identifies how class and gender shape these decisions. Middle-class men were most likely to take time to attempt to return to work, middle-class women were most likely to begin a deliberate job search, working-class men were most likely to report an urgent search, and working-class women were most likely to have diverted searches. Financial resources, gendered labor force attachments, and family responsibilities shaped decision making. Ultimately, those in the middle-class appear doubly advantaged—both in their financial capabilities and in their ability to respond to the crisis with greater gender flexibility.

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Richards, Leah. "Class, Crime, and Cannibalism in The String of Pearls; or, The Demon Barber as Bourgeois Bogeyman." Journal of Working-Class Studies 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v5i1.6261.

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Although the tale of Sweeney Todd is one with significant cultural resonance, little has been written about the text itself, The String of Pearls. This article argues that the text engages with anxieties about class conflict through a narrative that enacts exaggerated versions of various interactions. In the nineteenth century, critics objected to the cheap fiction pejoratively known as penny dreadfuls, asserting that the genre’s exciting tales of bloodshed, villainy, and mayhem would seduce readers to lives of debauchery and crime, but I argue that this concern about cheap fiction was not for the preservation of the souls of the poor and working classes but rather for the preservation of the middle classes' own corporeal bodies and the system that privileged and protected them. While there is no question that the narrative enacts extreme manifestations of problems facing the urban poor—among them, contaminated or even poisonous foodstuffs and the perils of urban anonymity—it also features an intractable and rapacious lower class and a subversion of the master-servant dynamic on which the comforts of the middle class were constructed, and so, in addition to adventure, detection, and young love, The String of Pearls offers a dark revenge fantasy of class-based violence that the middle-class critics of the penny dreadful were perhaps justified in fearing. tl;dr: Eat the Rich!

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Gottzén, Lucas. "Involved fatherhood? Exploring the educational work of middle‐class men." Gender and Education 23, no. 5 (August 2011): 619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2010.527829.

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Sarkar, I. "Men, Women and Domestics - Articulating Middle-Class in Colonial Bengal." Indian Historical Review 33, no. 2 (July 2006): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/037698360603300220.

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Evans, Robert C., and Helen L. Evans. "Coping: Stressors and depression among middle class african American men." Journal of African American Men 1, no. 2 (September 1995): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02692090.

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Armengol, Josep. "Sex and Text: Queering Older Men’s Sexuality in Contemporary U.S. Fiction." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3018.

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Abstract This paper will explore the representation of men’s aging experiences in contemporary U.S. fiction. While most gender-ed approaches to aging have focused on women, which has contributed to the cultural invisibility of older men, this study focuses on men’s aging experiences as men, thus challenging the inverse correlation between masculinity and aging. To do so, the study draws on a selected number of contemporary U.S. male-authored fictional works, which question the widely-held assumption that aging is a lesser concern for men, or that men and women’s aging experiences may be simply defined as opposed. The literary corpus includes male authors from different backgrounds so as to illustrate how (self-)representations of aging men vary according not only to gender but also class (Richard Ford), race (Ernest Gaines), and sexual orientation (Edmund White), amongst other factors. The presentation will thus end up challenging the conventional equation of men’s aging processes with (sexual) decline, exemplifying their plurality as well as irreducible contradictions.

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Slegers, Roos. "The Ethics and Economics of Middle Class Romance." Journal of Ethics 25, no. 4 (October 11, 2021): 525–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10892-021-09373-3.

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AbstractThis article shows the philosophical kinship between Adam Smith and Mary Wollstonecraft on the subject of love. Though the two major 18th century thinkers are not traditionally brought into conversation with each other, Wollstonecraft and Smith share deep moral concerns about the emerging commercial society. As the new middle class continues to grow along with commerce, vanity becomes an ever more common vice among its members. But a vain person is preoccupied with appearance, status, and flattery—things that get in the way of what Smith and Wollstonecraft regard as the deep human connection they variously describe as love, sympathy, and esteem. Commercial society encourages inequality, Smith argues, and Wollstonecraft points out that this inequality is particularly obvious in the relationships between men and women. Men are vain about their wealth, power and status; women about their appearance. Added to this is the fact that most middle class women are both uneducated and encouraged by the conduct literature of their day to be sentimental and irrational. The combined economic and moral considerations of Wollstonecraft and Smith show that there is very little room for love in commercial society as they conceived it.

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Sun, Dawei. "Detective Fiction in Victorian England." Scientific and Social Research 6, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v6i1.5511.

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This paper explores the origins and evolution of detective fiction, debunking the myth surrounding SherlockHolmes’ famous quote and highlighting his enduring popularity. It traces the genre’s inception back to Edgar Allan Poe’sThe Murders in the Rue Morgue in 1841 and underscores the societal and political changes in 18th and 19th centuryEngland that paved the way for its rise. With the growth of the middle class and the demand for accessible entertainment,periodicals emerged as a key medium for short stories, with detective fiction becoming a prominent genre. This paper alsoemphasizes how Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes stories achieved commercial success and influenced a generationof writers, while the public’s passionate response to his character’s temporary demise underscores the genre’s profoundimpact on readers and its enduring popularity.

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Gessel, Van C., and Richard Torrance. "The Fiction of Tokuda Shusei and the Emergence of Japan's New Middle Class." Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese 30, no. 1 (April 1996): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/489670.

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Cohn, J., and Richard Torrance. "The Fiction of Tokuda Shusei and the Emergence of Japan's New Middle Class." Monumenta Nipponica 49, no. 4 (1994): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2385264.

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Creighton, Millie R., and Richard Torrance. "The Fiction of Tokuda Shusei and the Emergence of Japan's New Middle Class." Pacific Affairs 68, no. 3 (1995): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2761154.

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Waswo, Ann, and Richard Torrance. "The Fiction of Tokuda Shusei and the Emergence of Japan's New Middle Class." Journal of Japanese Studies 22, no. 1 (1996): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/133060.

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Papke, David Ray. "Lawyer Fiction in theSaturday Evening Post:Ephraim Tutt, Perry Mason, and Middle-Class Expectations." Law & Literature 13, no. 2 (September 2001): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1535685x.2001.11015627.

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Sancho, David. "Escaping India’s culture of education: Migration desires among aspiring middle-class young men." Ethnography 18, no. 4 (January 16, 2017): 515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138116687591.

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Research on Indian overseas students in Australia has shown that there is an intricate connection between class and migration processes. Yet most of this work has focused on the experiences of students already abroad. Research on the formulation of migration-decisions and class dynamics from the sending side has been slow to emerge. This paper fills this gap and locates the analysis of migration desires within the literature on the Indian middle classes. I demonstrate how a middle-class culture of education that articulates hegemonic experiences, aspirations, and trajectories drives many aspiring middle-class young men to consider migrating as an alternative path to social mobility. Migration emerges as a temporary strategy geared towards accruing economic and cultural capital necessary for the fulfilment of class-based personal ambitions and wider social responsibilities at home. Migration is shown to stretch the boundaries of processes of class formation that now straddles multiple sites, resources, and aspirations.

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Schurman, Paul G. "Breaking the Trance: Moving beyond the Straight, white, Middle-Class Male Script." Journal of Pastoral Care 45, no. 4 (December 1991): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234099104500406.

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Explores the creative roles men might play in a human liberation movement in which their privileged position will need to be modified. Sees pastoral counselors as “hope agents” who may faciliate the transition of men to new and different roles in which patriarchy will play less and less of a role in society. Details specific ways in which the loss of patriarchy can lead to a fresh and creative equality in which both men and women will experience new freedoms.

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Kim, Il-gu, and Hee-sun Kim. "Angry Young Generation: The Revisiting and Vision of Angry Young Men Fiction." Convergence English Language & Literature Association 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55986/cell.2023.8.1.1.

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This study first examines the global youth crisis, symbolized by the term “Ikea Generation”, referring to young people in temporary employment who are easily used and discarded. It traces the origin of this phenomenon back to the works of the “Angry Young Men” in post-World War II Britain during the 1950s. This article compares it to contemporary South Korean youth culture. The study then analyzes three representative novels of the Angry Young Men generation: Kingsley Amis's Lucky Jim, John Braine's Room at the Top, and Alan Sillitoe's Saturday Night and Sunday Morning. After examining their contributions, the conclusion suggests Richard Hoggart's vision of the “cultured, political, and intellectual working-class minority” as a source of hope and alternative for the angry youth, as emphasized in his work The Use of Literacy. In particular, the conclusion highlights that just as the Red Brick universities in the UK helped eliminate the literacy gap among the working class and improved social mobility and growth, digital literacy can emerge as a new opportunity for social mobility among South Korean youth. The study emphasizes the need for national support and policy for this digital literacy for the Korean youth generation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Middle class men – fiction'

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