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Journal articles on the topic 'Middle class – history'

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Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Goldman, Marshall I. "Russia's Middle Class Muddle." Current History 105, no. 693 (October 1, 2006): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2006.105.693.321.

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2

Suh, D. "Middle-Class Formation and Class Alliance." Social Science History 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 105–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01455532-26-1-105.

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3

Suh, Doowon. "Middle-Class Formation and Class Alliance." Social Science History 26, no. 1 (2002): 105–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001230x.

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The fact that white-collar workers share relatively similar experiences of economic hardship and proletarianization across nations but develop clearly different types of trade unionism renders the theoretical relevance of formalist and economist approaches to the class location and class character of whitecollar workers questionable. According to this perspective, notwithstanding ideological and logical variants, social class reflects an occupational conglomerate, and class constituents' consciousness, disposition, and action are determined by their position in the social structure. Analysis of social class becomes a simple task of filling empty strata with workers and debate centers on the demarcation lines within the occupational structure, generating theories of class structure without attention to class agents (Bourdieu 1984). By contrast, historico-cultural, ethnographic approaches to social class, pioneered by E. P. Thompson's monumental work in 1963, turn formalist, economist theories on their head by bringing class agents back in. The process by which workers become class members is considered complex, contingent, and relational: lifestyles, dispositions, modes of collective action, and political orientations blend at a historical juncture in such a way that a class character substantially distinct and sustained enough forms and becomes an important dimension of social structure.
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4

Gilbert, James, and Joan Shelley Rubin. "Midcult, Middlebrow, Middle Class." Reviews in American History 20, no. 4 (December 1992): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702873.

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5

McWilliams, James E. "Marketing Middle-Class Morality." Reviews in American History 34, no. 2 (2006): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2006.0028.

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6

Nash, Logan. "Middle-Class Castle." Journal of Urban History 39, no. 5 (March 6, 2013): 909–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144213479320.

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7

Green, James L., and Robert Murray Davis. "A Lower-Middle-Class Education." History of Education Quarterly 37, no. 4 (1997): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/369884.

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8

Rodgers, Daniel T., and John S. Gilkeson. "Middle-Class Providence, 1820-1940." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19, no. 2 (1988): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204705.

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9

Johnson, Paul, and John S. Gilkeson. "Middle-Class Providence, 1820-1940." Journal of American History 74, no. 2 (September 1987): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1900079.

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10

Chambers, Thomas A., and Timothy R. Mahoney. "Provincial Lives: Middle-Class Experience in the Antebellum Middle West." Michigan Historical Review 27, no. 2 (2001): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20173939.

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11

Navia, Patricio. "Chile's Middle Class Flexes Its Muscles." Current History 111, no. 742 (February 1, 2012): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2012.111.742.75.

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12

Southall, Roger. "South Africa's Precarious Black Middle Class." Current History 118, no. 808 (May 1, 2019): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2019.118.808.169.

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13

Campbell, Craig. "Making the middle class: schooling and social class formation." History of Education Review 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-02-2014-0007.

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Purpose – As the Australian working class continues its decline, sociological and historical scholarship has begun to focus more on the middle class. The purpose of this paper is to explore the historiography and social theory concerning the middle class, and argues that the ways in which middle class families use schools have been a powerful force in the formation of that class. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews the author’s own work on this topic, the work of other scholars, and suggests a number of social practices that middle class families employ as they school their children. Findings – The ways that many families operate in relation to the schooling of their children constitute a significant set of social class practices, that in turn assist in the continuing formation of the middle class itself. The social and policy history of schooling can expose the origins of these practices. Research limitations/implications – This paper originated as an invited key-note address. It retains characteristics associated with that genre, in this case putting less emphasis on new research and more on a survey of the field. Originality/value – In the early twenty-first century, the relevance of social class analysis for understanding a great range of social and historical phenomena is in retreat. This paper argues the continuing importance of that kind of analysis.
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14

Datta, Y. "A Brief History of the American Middle Class." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 8, no. 3 (September 3, 2022): p127. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v8n3p127.

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The credit for the birth of the American middle class in 1914 goes to Henry Ford.Reckless speculation in the New York Stock Market led to the Great Depression of 1929: the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by America, that led to an amazing level of unemployment that lasted till 1939.Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was elected as President in 1933, instituted New Deal: a series of programs--the most important of which was the G.I. Bill.The baby boom, increasing consumer income, affordability of cars and homes--coupled with the new interstate highway system—all worked together, that then led to a mass migration of the middle class from the inner cities to suburbia.The years 1947-1973 are considered the golden years of America’s middle class: an age the U.S. will never experience again. The foundation of this goldilocks economy was the social covenant of shared prosperity between big business and big labor.The 1980-2008 period marks ‘America in decline’ largely because America took a sharp turn toward unfettered capitalism and greed.This led to a massive growth of the Financial Services Industry.Income inequality has steadily been increasing in America for 45 years from 1974-2018, and by 2007 it touched or exceeded the lofty heights of 1928.A socio-economic class lifestyle profile of America includes three groups: The Upper Class, The Middle Class, and The Lower Class, each with two classes, making it a total of six.Finally, a look into the forces that led to the stock market crash of 2008.
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15

Jardine, Pauline O. "An Urban Middle-Class Calling." Articles 17, no. 3 (August 5, 2013): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017630ar.

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This paper examines the prime factors in the emergence of modern nursing from 1881 to 1914 at Toronto General Hospital School for Nurses (TGH). Based on primary sources in the TGH archives and early issues of The Canadian Nurse, the paper reveals that ethical principles, academic achievement, and a new public image derived from the middle-class thrust in nursing education were the basic components that led to the evolution of the trained nurse. It further explores the extent to which the nursing profession in a major teaching hospital was influenced by educated middle-class women.
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16

Halttunen, Karen, and John S. Gilkeson. "Middle-Class Providence, 1820-1940." American Historical Review 93, no. 3 (June 1988): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1868238.

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17

Miller, Tamara G., and Timothy R. Mahoney. "Provincial Lives: Middle-Class Experience in the Antebellum Middle West." Journal of American History 87, no. 4 (March 2001): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674775.

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18

Majeed, J. "Being Middle-class in South Asia." History Workshop Journal 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbn008.

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19

Soltero, J. "Mexico's Middle Class in The Neoliberal Era." Oral History Review 37, no. 1 (February 18, 2010): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ohr/ohq022.

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20

WADE, L. C. "REVIEW OF JOHNSTON, THE RADICAL MIDDLE CLASS." Pacific Historical Review 73, no. 2 (May 2004): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2004.73.2.328.

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21

Srole, Carole, and Cindy Sondik Aron. "Middle-Class Formation in Victorian America." Reviews in American History 16, no. 1 (March 1988): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702063.

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22

Clark, Clifford E., and Lynn Dumenil. "The Ambiguities of Middle-Class Respectability." Reviews in American History 13, no. 3 (September 1985): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702096.

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23

Barry, Jonathan. "THE MAKING OF THE MIDDLE CLASS?" Past and Present 145, no. 1 (1994): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/145.1.194.

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24

Cowman, Krista, and Louise Jackson. "Middle-class women and professional identity." Women's History Review 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612020500200427.

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25

Mucedola, Michael S. "Integrating Presidential History into Middle School Physical Education Class." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 89, no. 8 (October 9, 2018): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2018.1503506.

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26

Smith, Earl, and Bart Landry. "The New Black Middle Class." Social Forces 67, no. 2 (December 1988): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579202.

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27

Culy, Christopher, and Sarah M. B. Fagan. "The history of the middle in Dogon." Studies in African Linguistics 30, no. 2 (June 15, 2001): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i2.107357.

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Donno So, a Dogon language of Mali, has a class of verbs (C3) that exhibits an interesting set of formal and semantic properties. The verbs in this class have different derivational histories; they also have various typs of meaning (middle; middle-related; non-middle). Although C3 verbs cannot be unified derivationally or semantically, they can all be defined both paradigmatically and in terms of phonotactic constraints, like the other two verb classes in Donno So. Comparison with other Dogon languages shows how the middle evolved in Dogon and how Donno So C3 verbs in turn evolved from the middle. These results expand Kemmer's [1993] discussion of the processes invoved in the evolution of middle systems. The comparison also provides some hypotheses about the history of Dogon.
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28

Li, Yun, and Rong Rong. "A Middle-Class Misidentification." positions: asia critique 27, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 773–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-7726981.

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Through the autobiographical poetry of contemporary Chinese female peasant workers, this article studies how Chinese migrant workers are dis-identified by the identifying hukou system and thus become bodies of non-identity drifting in cities. Driven by the urban desire intrigued by national discourses on modernization, peasants deidentify themselves by abandoning their officially recognized rural identity only to see that they are disidentified by the authority that rejects their urban citizenship. The double dispossession leaves them no way to identify themselves. To deradicalize the nonidentity, postsocialist ideologies invent a middle-class dream, attempting to reshape migrant workers into a “working class” misidentified with a class image beyond its financial reach as well as social function. It thus disunites the working class by throwing migrant workers into constant search for identities.
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29

Pease, Jane H., and John S. Gilkeson. "Middle-Class Providence, 1820-1940." Journal of the Early Republic 7, no. 1 (1987): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3123447.

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30

Hazri, Tengku Ahmad. "Islam, Democracy and the Middle Class." ICR Journal 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v9i1.143.

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Some people have been writing pieces echoing the view that there is a close relationship between democracy and the middle class. Recent times have witnessed two important trends whose close links have often been overlooked: the rise of populism on the one hand and the decline of the middle class on the other. Actually they have something in common in that they are both not good for democracy, and in fact represent a departure from democratic ideals. Populism is unfortunately often a euphemism for the opinions of poor, working class and rural or suburban constituencies, as observed in how election demographic maps often portray populist and far-right candidates as typically winning constituencies in rural areas or non-major cities. The presence of a strong middle class is crucial to democracy because the middle class has the economic base that translates into political independence, thereby enabling them to demand greater rights and accountability from the government. The middle class stands to benefit most from the presence of political institutions and the infrastructure needed to sustain democracy (such as the rule of law and protection of rights, most notably property rights) and hence are most likely to demand them from the state.
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31

INNES, JOANNA. "Politics, Property and the Middle Class." Parliamentary History 11, no. 2 (March 17, 2008): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-0206.1992.tb00285.x.

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32

Buhle, Paul, and Daniel J. Walkowitz. "Working with Class: Social Workers and the Politics of Middle-Class Identity." Journal of American History 87, no. 1 (June 2000): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567925.

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33

Coral, Emilio. "Mexico’s Middle Class in the Neoliberal Era." Hispanic American Historical Review 89, no. 3 (August 1, 2009): 550–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2009-035.

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34

Rinke, Stefan. "The Making of the Middle Class: Toward a Transnational History." Hispanic American Historical Review 93, no. 4 (November 1, 2013): 740–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2351753.

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35

Adamovsky, Ezequiel. "The Making of the Middle Class: Toward a Transnational History." Social History 38, no. 3 (August 2013): 409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2013.807637.

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36

Johnston, R. D. "The Making of the Middle Class: Toward a Transnational History." Labor Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 11, no. 3 (August 14, 2014): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-2687777.

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37

Bakhit, Mohamed A. G. "Shantytowns Identity versus Middle Class Identity." Cahiers d'études africaines, no. 240 (December 2, 2020): 919–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.32547.

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38

Carson, Mina J., and Daniel J. Walkowitz. "Working with Class: Social Workers and the Politics of Middle-Class Identity." American Historical Review 106, no. 1 (February 2001): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2652291.

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39

Chapman, M. "Magazines, Modernity, and the Middle Class." American Literary History 25, no. 2 (March 26, 2013): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajt008.

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40

Schweiger, Beth Barton, and Jonathan Daniel Wells. "The Origins of the Southern Middle Class, 1800-1861." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 64, no. 4 (2005): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40023360.

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41

Matta, Nada. "Middle-Class Employees in the Egyptian Uprising of 2011." Critical Historical Studies 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 103–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/719124.

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42

Walkowitz, Daniel J., and Jonathan Daniel Wells. "The Origins of the Southern Middle Class, 1800-1861." Journal of Southern History 71, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648922.

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43

Barry, Jonathan. "Consumers' Passions: the Middle Class in Eighteenth–Century England." Historical Journal 34, no. 1 (March 1991): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00014023.

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44

Hahamovitch, C. "Lost in AmericaL: "The Poor" and Middle Class Conscience." Radical History Review 1994, no. 60 (October 1, 1994): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1994-60-236.

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45

Swenson, Brynnar. "RESISTANCE TO THE GILDED AGE: ROBERT HERRICK'S RADICAL MIDDLE CLASS." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 16, no. 2 (March 29, 2017): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781417000044.

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Often overlooked, Robert Herrick (1868–1938) was an experimental novelist who produced a sustained and critical engagement with the economic, political, and aesthetic effects of unregulated capitalist expansion in the late nineteenth century. Focusing onThe Web of Life(1900) andTogether(1908), this essay argues that Herrick's novels forcefully document a radical middle-class political position and demonstrate how the middle class was capable of apprehending and resisting the functionings of capitalism—especially its fragmentation of lived experience and its foreclosure of any practical exterior to the social totality. Given how recent economic trends toward deregulation and privatization have resulted in a precarious situation for the middle class worldwide, Herrick's depiction of the emergence of the modern middle class in 1890s Chicago also presents a dynamic foil from which to view our present moment. Though his genre-bending and politically ambiguous literary and political experiments have long contributed to critical confusion and even dismissal of his work, today Herrick's novels are a powerful tool for rethinking the long-accepted understanding of the relationship between literary realism, the struggles surrounding the emergence of corporate capitalism, and the political standpoint of the professional middle class.
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46

Veselova, Liudmila. "History of the formation and development of the middle class in the PRC in Chinese historiography." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (2024): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080023435-5.

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In 1949 after the formation of the PRC started systemic changes, which could not but be reflected in social life. The social structure itself began to change, which had a significant impact on the whole society. Since the 1980s social mobility increased in Chinese society, and Chinese and foreign researchers started to pay more attention to the middle class as a new social group. In the Chinese academic world the concept of the middle class was accepted only in the 21st century, since the sociology within which the study of the middle class is carried out did not originate in China until the 1920s and then for a long time until the 1980s was under the strict control of the state. Active study of the issue of the emergence and development of the middle class in China began only in the 1980s, and Chinese scientists have made a significant contribution to it. Modern China is in the process of active social transformation, and the growing middle class has become an important social and political force. The historiography of the issue of the formation and development of the Chinese middle class, described in this article, will expand the understanding of the middle class in China, because it is the driving force behind the development of the country, and it is important to understand its political views, psychology and behavior, as well as analyze the trends in the transformation of the modern social system.
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47

Kopper, Moisés. "Measuring the Middle: Technopolitics and the Making of Brazil’s New Middle Class." History of Political Economy 52, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 561–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-8304867.

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Between 2004 and 2013, an array of social policies converted Brazil into an international showcase of economic growth and income redistribution. Economists, policymakers, politicians and marketers heralded the end of endemic poverty and the incorporation of millions into a newly defined “middle class.” This article unpacks this story of inclusionary development by considering the controversies surrounding the production and circulation of large numbers, and how such controversies sustained the technopolitics of Brazil’s “new middle class.” I draw on multisited ethnography conducted in Washington, DC, Brasilia, and São Paulo among think tanks, governmental sectors, the World Bank, and market research institutes. By foregrounding the workings of a transnational network of experts, I chronicle how the middle-class language traversed circuits of science, policymaking, and market research. The article contends that methodological breakthroughs—including microeconometric counterfactuals and market ethnography—become salient fixtures in the public appraisal of inequality and in the creation of national political futures.
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48

Lysa, Hong. "Of Consorts and Harlots in Thai Popular History." Journal of Asian Studies 57, no. 2 (May 1998): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2658827.

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This essay is an exploration of one aspect of the politics of gender representation in Thailand, namely, how the portrayals of Siamese women in Thai popular histories form part of the present-day shaping of gender relations. I argue that moving in tandem with developments in academic historiography, popular history since the 1980s has become a battleground for cultural hegemony.Hitherto the preserve of antiquarians, popular history has caught the interest of the emergent middle class, who are intent on inscribing their reading of the past on the Thai cultural landscape. Where gender relations are concerned, the middle class has worked out a modern rationale for the traditional view that women are subordinate to men. However, critical scholars, alert to what they see as the perpetuation of the historical subordination of women through the medium of popular history, have sought to stem the tide by addressing their critiques of the middle-class interpretations to a popular audience.
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49

Hammad, Hanan. "Daily Encounters That Make History: History from Below and Archival Collaboration." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 1 (February 2021): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000076.

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What does a casual confrontation in a rundown shack between a landlady and her factory-worker tenant tell us about the history of gender and class relations in modern Egypt? Could a lost watch in a red-light district in the middle of the Nile Delta complicate our understanding of the history of sexuality and urbanization? Can an unexpectedly intimate embrace on a sleeping mat illuminate a link in the history of class, gender, and urbanization in modern Egypt?
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50

Fishman, Robert, and Paul Lyons. "Class of `66: Living in Suburban Middle America." American Historical Review 101, no. 2 (April 1996): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170596.

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