Journal articles on the topic 'Mid-infrared light'

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1

Biegert, Jens, Philip K. Bates, and Olivier Chalus. "New Mid-Infrared Light Sources." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 18, no. 1 (January 2012): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2011.2135842.

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2

Jumpertz, Louise, Kevin Schires, Mathieu Carras, Marc Sciamanna, and Frédéric Grillot. "Chaotic light at mid-infrared wavelength." Light: Science & Applications 5, no. 6 (January 29, 2016): e16088-e16088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2016.88.

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3

Muhowski, Aaron J., Abhilasha Kamboj, Noah C. Mansfield, and Daniel Wasserman. "Mid-infrared rainbow light-emitting diodes." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 26 (December 26, 2022): 261105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0129196.

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We demonstrate a room-temperature all-epitaxial guided-mode resonance light-emitting diode operating in the mid-wave infrared. The device comprises a dielectric waveguide with an AlGaAsSb [Formula: see text] diode core, below a layer of grating-patterned GaSb and above a highly doped, and thus, low index, InAsSb layer. Light emitted from the device active region into propagating modes in the waveguide scatters into free space via the GaSb grating, giving rise to spectrally narrow features that shift with emission angle across much of the mid-wave infrared. For collection angles approaching [Formula: see text], we are able to obtain linewidths of ∼2.4 meV across the spectral/angular emission of the LED, corresponding to [Formula: see text]. Fine control of emission wavelength can be achieved by tuning the applied current, which causes a redshift of approximately 20 nm due to the thermo-optic effect. The presented device has the potential for use in compact, high bandwidth, and low-cost mid-wave infrared sensing applications requiring spectral discrimination.
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4

Hou, Chun-Cai, Hong-Mei Chen, Jin-Chuan Zhang, Ning Zhuo, Yuan-Qing Huang, Richard A. Hogg, David TD Childs, et al. "Near-infrared and mid-infrared semiconductor broadband light emitters." Light: Science & Applications 7, no. 3 (December 7, 2017): 17170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.170.

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5

Huang, Nan, Hongjun Liu, Zhaolu Wang, Jing Han, and Shuan Zhang. "Femtowatt incoherent image conversion from mid-infrared light to near-infrared light." Laser Physics 27, no. 3 (January 23, 2017): 035401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/aa57db.

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6

Gordon, Reuven. "Room-temperature mid-infrared detectors." Science 374, no. 6572 (December 3, 2021): 1201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm4252.

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7

Herrmann, Eric, Hua Gao, Zhixiang Huang, Sai Rahul Sitaram, Ke Ma, and Xi Wang. "Modulators for mid-infrared and terahertz light." Journal of Applied Physics 128, no. 14 (October 14, 2020): 140903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0025032.

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8

Sun, Jialin, Chuncai Hou, Jinchuan Zhang, Ning Zhuo, Hongmei Chen, Jiqiang Ning, Zhanguo Wang, Fengqi Liu, and Ziyang Zhang. "Mid-infrared broadband superluminescent light emitter arrays." Optics Letters 43, no. 20 (October 15, 2018): 5150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.005150.

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9

Haigh, M. K., G. R. Nash, S. J. Smith, L. Buckle, M. T. Emeny, and T. Ashley. "Mid-infrared AlxIn1−xSb light-emitting diodes." Applied Physics Letters 90, no. 23 (June 4, 2007): 231116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2745256.

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10

Ricker, R. J., S. R. Provence, D. T. Norton, T. F. Boggess, and J. P. Prineas. "Broadband mid-infrared superlattice light-emitting diodes." Journal of Applied Physics 121, no. 18 (May 14, 2017): 185701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983023.

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11

Hamm, Peter, Robert A. Kaindl, and Jens Stenger. "Noise suppression in femtosecond mid-infrared light sources." Optics Letters 25, no. 24 (December 15, 2000): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.25.001798.

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12

Saito, Mitsunori, Nobuyoshi Baba, Naruhito Sawanobori, and Mitsunobu Miyagi. "Hollow Glass Waveguides for Mid-Infrared Light Transmission." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 33, Part 1, No.1A (January 15, 1994): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.33.164.

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13

Kim, Chul Soo, William W. Bewley, Charles D. Merritt, Chad L. Canedy, Michael V. Warren, Igor Vurgaftman, Jerry R. Meyer, and Mijin Kim. "Improved mid-infrared interband cascade light-emitting devices." Optical Engineering 57, no. 01 (August 19, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.1.011002.

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14

Panagiotopoulos, Paris, Patrick Whalen, Miroslav Kolesik, and Jerome V. Moloney. "Super high power mid-infrared femtosecond light bullet." Nature Photonics 9, no. 8 (July 20, 2015): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.125.

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15

Elizondo, L. A., Y. Li, A. Sow, R. Kamana, H. Z. Wu, S. Mukherjee, F. Zhao, Z. Shi, and P. J. McCann. "Optically pumped mid-infrared light emitter on silicon." Journal of Applied Physics 101, no. 10 (May 15, 2007): 104504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2729467.

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16

Chen, Chen, Xiaobo Lu, Bingchen Deng, Xiaolong Chen, Qiushi Guo, Cheng Li, Chao Ma, et al. "Widely tunable mid-infrared light emission in thin-film black phosphorus." Science Advances 6, no. 7 (February 2020): eaay6134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay6134.

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Thin-film black phosphorus (BP) is an attractive material for mid-infrared optoelectronic applications because of its layered nature and a moderate bandgap of around 300 meV. Previous photoconduction demonstrations show that a vertical electric field can effectively reduce the bandgap of thin-film BP, expanding the device operational wavelength range in mid-infrared. Here, we report the widely tunable mid-infrared light emission from a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/BP/hBN heterostructure device. With a moderate displacement field up to 0.48 V/nm, the photoluminescence (PL) peak from a ~20-layer BP flake is continuously tuned from 3.7 to 7.7 μm, spanning 4 μm in mid-infrared. The PL emission remains perfectly linear-polarized along the armchair direction regardless of the bias field. Moreover, together with theoretical analysis, we show that the radiative decay probably dominates over other nonradiative decay channels in the PL experiments. Our results reveal the great potential of thin-film BP in future widely tunable, mid-infrared light-emitting and lasing applications.
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17

Wu, Kedi, Nicolas Kossowski, Haodong Qiu, Hong Wang, Qijie Wang, and Patrice Genevet. "Mid-Infrared Grayscale Metasurface Holograms." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020552.

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Optical metasurfaces composed of two-dimensional arrays of densely packed nanostructures can project arbitrary holographic images at mid-infrared frequency. Our approach employs silicon nanopillars to control light properties, including polarization-independent phase response working with high-transmission efficiency over the 2π-phase modulation range at wavelength 4.7 μm. We experimentally dispose nanopillars accordingly to phase-only profiles calculated using the conventional Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm and revealed the optical performances of our devices using a mid-infrared on-axis optical setup. The total efficiency of our reflection hologram reaches 81%. Our experimental results agree well with the image of the desired object, opening up new perspectives for mid-infrared imaging and displaying for military, life science and sensing application.
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18

Blaisdell-Pijuan, Paris, Zhe Chen, Yiteng Zhang, Sankaran Sundaresan, Bruce Koel, and Claire Gmachl. "Mid-Infrared Scattering in γ-Al2O3 Catalytic Powders." Applied Spectroscopy 75, no. 6 (February 23, 2021): 706–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702821992771.

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The energy efficiency of heterogeneous catalytic processes may be improved by using mid-infrared light to excite gas-phase reactants during the reaction, since vibrational excitation of molecules has been shown to increase their reactivity at the gas-catalyst interface. A primary challenge for such light-enabled catalysis is the need to ensure close coupling between light-excited molecules and the catalyst throughout the reactor. Thus, it is imperative to understand how to couple infrared light efficiently to molecules near and inside catalytic material. Heterogenous catalysts are often nanoscale metal particles supported on high surface area, porous oxide materials and exhibit feature sizes across multiple scattering regimes with respect to the mid-infrared wavelength. These complex powders make a direct measurement of the scattering properties challenging. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of directional hemispherical measurements along with the in-line transmission measurement allow for a direct measurement of the scattered light signal. We implement this technique to study the scattering behavior of the catalytic support material γ-Al2O3 (with and without metal loading) between 1040 and 1220 cm−1. We first study how both the mean grain size affects the scattering behavior by comparing three different mean grain sizes spanning three orders of magnitude (2, 40, and 900 µm). Furthermore, we study how the addition of metal catalyst nanoparticles, Ru, or Cu, to the support material impacts the light scattering behavior of the powder. We find that the 40 µm grain size scatters the most (up to 97% at 1220 cm−1) and that the addition of metal nanoparticles narrows the scattering angle but does not decrease the scattering efficiency. The strong scattering of the 40 µm grains makes them the most ideal support material of those studied for the given spectrum because of their ability to distribute light within the reactor. Finally, we estimate that less than 100 mW of laser power is needed to cause significant excitation for testing mid-infrared catalysis in a Harrick Praying Mantis diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) reactor, a magnitude easily available using commercial mid-infrared lasers. Our work also provides a mid-infrared foundation for a wide range of studies of light-enabled catalysis and can be extended to other wavelengths of light or to study the scattering behavior of other complex powders in other fields, including ceramics, biomaterials, and geology.
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19

Gabbrielli, Tecla, Francesco Cappelli, Natalia Bruno, Nicola Corrias, Simone Borri, Paolo De Natale, and Alessandro Zavatta. "Mid-infrared homodyne balanced detector for quantum light characterization." Optics Express 29, no. 10 (April 28, 2021): 14536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.420990.

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20

Popov, A. A., V. V. Sherstnev, Y. P. Yakovlev, A. N. Baranov, and C. Alibert. "Powerful mid-infrared light emitting diodes for pollution monitoring." Electronics Letters 33, no. 1 (1997): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970002.

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21

May, Tim, Thomas Ellis, and Ruben Reininger. "Mid-infrared spectromicroscopy beamline at the Canadian Light Source." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 582, no. 1 (November 2007): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.074.

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22

Woutersen, Sander, Mischa Bonn, Uli Emmerichs, and Huib J. Bakker. "Incoherent Mid-Infrared Photon Echoes With Parametrically Downconverted Light." Laser Chemistry 19, no. 1-4 (January 1, 1999): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/76906.

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We present a simple method to generate mid-infrared photon echoes, using parametrically downconverted incoherent light. The photon echoes generated in this way enable the study of the dynamics of vibrations in the 1.5–4.0 μm wavelength region with subpicosecond time resolution.
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23

Chen, Pengyu, Qiaoqiang Gan, Filbert J. Bartoli, and Lin Zhu. "Spoof-surface-plasmon assisted light beaming in mid-infrared." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 27, no. 4 (March 15, 2010): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.27.000685.

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24

Krier, A. "Physics and technology of mid–infrared light emitting diodes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 359, no. 1780 (March 15, 2001): 599–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0745.

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25

Stradling, R. A. "Semiconductor light sources for mid–infrared applications: concluding remarks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 359, no. 1780 (March 15, 2001): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0748.

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26

Smirnov, V. M., P. J. Batty, R. Jones, A. Krier, V. I. Vasil'ev, G. S. Gagis, and V. I. Kuchinskii. "GaInAsPSb/GaSb heterostructures for mid-infrared light emitting diodes." physica status solidi (a) 204, no. 4 (April 2007): 1047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200674141.

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27

Feng Xi, 冯玺, and 张兆伟 Zhang Zhaowei. "基于差频技术的宽谱中红外飞秒激光的产生." Chinese Journal of Lasers 49, no. 1 (2022): 0101018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202249.0101018.

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28

Cai, Dawei, Yu Xie, Xin Guo, Pan Wang, and Limin Tong. "Chalcogenide Glass Microfibers for Mid-Infrared Optics." Photonics 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8110497.

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With diameters close to the wavelength of the guided light, optical microfibers (MFs) can guide light with tight optical confinement, strong evanescent fields and manageable waveguide dispersion and have been widely investigated in the past decades for a variety of applications. Compared to silica MFs, which are ideal for working in visible and near-infrared regions, chalcogenide glass (ChG) MFs are promising for mid-infrared (mid-IR) optics, owing to their easy fabrication, broad-band transparency and high nonlinearity, and have been attracting increasing attention in applications ranging from near-field coupling and molecular sensing to nonlinear optics. Here, we review this emerging field, mainly based on its progress in the last decade. Starting from the high-temperature taper drawing technique for MF fabrication, we introduce basic mid-IR waveguiding properties of typical ChG MFs made of As2S3 and As2Se3. Then, we focus on ChG-MF-based passive optical devices, including optical couplers, resonators and gratings and active and nonlinear applications of ChG MFs for mid-IR Raman lasers, frequency combs and supercontinuum (SC) generation. MF-based spectroscopy and chemical/biological sensors are also introduced. Finally, we conclude the review with a brief summary and an outlook on future challenges and opportunities of ChG MFs.
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29

Xomalis, Angelos, Xuezhi Zheng, Rohit Chikkaraddy, Zsuzsanna Koczor-Benda, Ermanno Miele, Edina Rosta, Guy A. E. Vandenbosch, Alejandro Martínez, and Jeremy J. Baumberg. "Detecting mid-infrared light by molecular frequency upconversion in dual-wavelength nanoantennas." Science 374, no. 6572 (December 3, 2021): 1268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abk2593.

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Optomechanical upconversion Molecules have rich signatures in their spectra at infrared wavelengths and are typically accessed with dedicated spectroscopic instrumentation. Chen et al . and Xomalis et al . report optomechanical frequency upconversion from the mid-infrared to the visible domain using molecular vibrations coupled to a plasmonic nanocavity at ambient conditions (see the Perspective by Gordon). Using different nanoantenna designs, one with a nanoparticle-on-resonator and the other with nanoparticle-in-groove, both approaches show the ability to upconvert the mid-infrared vibrations of the molecules in the nanocavity to visible light wavelengths. The effect could be used to simplify infrared spectroscopy, possibly with single-molecule sensitivity. —ISO
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30

Peng Chuandi, 彭传迪, 郑俊哲 Zheng Junzhe, 朱晓松 Zhu Xiaosong, 常超 Chang Chao, and 石艺尉 Shi Yiwei. "Fabrication and Characterization of Bioprobe with Mid-Infrared Light Channel." Acta Optica Sinica 39, no. 12 (2019): 1223004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201939.1223004.

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31

Shishikura, Fumio. "Can the Eyes of the Crayfish Detect Mid-Infrared light?" Journal of Nihon University Medical Association 75, no. 3 (2016): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4264/numa.75.3_140.

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32

Korsakov, A. S., L. V. Zhukova, A. E. L’vov, D. D. Salimgareev, and M. S. Korsakov. "Crystals and light guides for the mid-infrared spectral range." Journal of Optical Technology 84, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.84.000858.

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33

Kizhayev, S. S., N. V. Zotova, Y. P. Yakovlev, and S. S. Molchanov. "High-power mid-infrared light emitting diodes grown by MOVPE." IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics 149, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:20020171.

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34

Li, Zhaoyi, and Nanfang Yu. "Modulation of mid-infrared light using graphene-metal plasmonic antennas." Applied Physics Letters 102, no. 13 (April 2013): 131108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4800931.

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35

Das, N. C., and M. S. Tobin. "Performance of mid-wave infrared (3.8μm) light emitting diode device." Solid-State Electronics 50, no. 9-10 (September 2006): 1612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2006.08.002.

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36

Micallef, Fabian G., Pawan K. Shrestha, Daping Chu, Kenneth McEwan, Girish Rughoobur, Tian Carey, Nigel Coburn, Felice Torrisi, Oihana Txoperena, and Amaia Zurutuza. "Transparent conductors for Mid-infrared liquid crystal spatial light modulators." Thin Solid Films 660 (August 2018): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2018.05.037.

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37

Wang, Junjia, Adrien Rousseau, Mei Yang, Tony Low, Sébastien Francoeur, and Stéphane Kéna-Cohen. "Mid-infrared Polarized Emission from Black Phosphorus Light-Emitting Diodes." Nano Letters 20, no. 5 (April 14, 2020): 3651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00581.

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38

Reach, William T., Patrick Morris, François Boulanger, and Koryo Okumura. "The mid-infrared spectrum of the zodiacal and exozodiacal light." Icarus 164, no. 2 (August 2003): 384–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0019-1035(03)00133-7.

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39

Rein, Alan J. "A New Capability for Light Microscopes: Mid infrared Molecular Analysis." Microscopy Today 11, no. 4 (August 2003): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500053013.

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The merger of molecular spectroscopy with microscopy is certainly not a new concept. Microscope attachments for FT-IR spectrometers have been available for nearly two decades and there are literally thousands of FT-IR spectrometers with these devices currently installed. The vast majority of them are applied to contaminant or forensic oriented problems. As such, the microscopes are often used as sophisticated beam condensers, enabling the spectrometer to focus infrared radiation on the samples that are typically larger than 10 microns.
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40

Lawton, L. M., N. H. Mahlmeister, I. J. Luxmoore, and G. R. Nash. "Prospective for graphene based thermal mid-infrared light emitting devices." AIP Advances 4, no. 8 (August 2014): 087139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4894449.

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41

Aziz, Mohsin, Chengzhi Xie, Vincenzo Pusino, Ata Khalid, Matthew Steer, Iain G. Thayne, and David R. S. Cumming. "Multispectral mid-infrared light emitting diodes on a GaAs substrate." Applied Physics Letters 111, no. 10 (September 4, 2017): 102102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4986396.

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42

Leinert, Ch, P. Ábrahám, J. Acosta-Pulido, D. Lemke, and R. Siebenmorgen. "Mid-infrared spectrum of the zodiacal light observed with ISOPHOT." Astronomy & Astrophysics 393, no. 3 (October 2002): 1073–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20021029.

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43

Sahraoui, B., and I. V. Kityk. "Mid-infrared light-induced second-harmonic generation in specific glasses." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 5, no. 3 (March 19, 2003): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/5/3/305.

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44

Karachinsky, L. Ya, A. V. Babichev, A. G. Gladyshev, D. V. Denisov, A. V. Filimonov, I. I. Novikov, and A. Yu Egorov. "Semiconductor light sources for near- and mid-infrared spectral ranges." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 917 (November 2017): 022003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/917/2/022003.

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45

Matt, G. J., T. Fromherz, M. Bednorz, H. Neugebauer, N. S. Sariciftci, and G. Bauer. "Fullerene sensitized silicon for near- to mid-infrared light detection." physica status solidi (b) 247, no. 11-12 (October 15, 2010): 3043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201000200.

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46

Matt, Gebhard J., Thomas Fromherz, Mateusz Bednorz, Saeid Zamiri, Guillaume Goncalves, Christoph Lungenschmied, Dieter Meissner, et al. "Fullerene Sensitized Silicon for Near- to Mid-Infrared Light Detection." Advanced Materials 22, no. 5 (February 2, 2010): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200901383.

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47

Ma, Yiming, Bowei Dong, Jingxuan Wei, Yuhua Chang, Li Huang, Kah‐Wee Ang, and Chengkuo Lee. "High‐Responsivity Mid‐Infrared Black Phosphorus Slow Light Waveguide Photodetector." Advanced Optical Materials 8, no. 13 (May 10, 2020): 2000337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.202000337.

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48

Kim, Soocheol, Soyoung Park, and Kangbok Lee. "Method for Aerosol Particle and Gas Analyses based on Dual-channel Mid-infrared Sensor." International Journal of Fire Science and Engineering 36, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.3d1404d5.

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Although researchers are actively investigating methods to improve fire detector performance, few studies have investigated fire detectors that detect the type of fire. Fire type detection serves a key role in quickly extinguishing fires and preventing their spread. We present a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR)-based dual-channel mid-infrared (mid-IR) method that can detect and classify aerosol particles and gases. 4.2 μm and 4.7 μm mid-IR light emitting diodes (LEDs) light sources with strong absorption for CO2 and CO are employed. and, and the mid-IR LEDs are modulated with 900 Hz and 1,000 Hz, respectively to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce interference between the light sources. The modulated lights pass through the lenses and sample, and are acquired by a photodetector. The transmittances of the 4.2 μm and 4.7 μm lights are measured to detect the aerosol particles and gases, and the aerosol particles and gases are classified via hierarchical clustering using the measured transmittances and the ratio between the measured transmittances. Various aerosol particles and gases are detected by measuring the transmittance, and the aerosol particles and gases are classified by calculating the distance between clusters. Spectral transmittances analysis of different wavelength bands will enable the detection of various aerosol particles and gases, and further improve the classification accuracy. Furthermore, this method can be applied to fire detection to develop a highly useful technique that can detect and classify fire smoke and rapidly detect the type of fire.
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49

Zheng, Zebo, Ningsheng Xu, Stefano L. Oscurato, Michele Tamagnone, Fengsheng Sun, Yinzhu Jiang, Yanlin Ke, et al. "A mid-infrared biaxial hyperbolic van der Waals crystal." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2019): eaav8690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav8690.

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Hyperbolic media have attracted much attention in the photonics community due to their ability to confine light to arbitrarily small volumes and their potential applications to super-resolution technologies. The two-dimensional counterparts of these media can be achieved with hyperbolic metasurfaces that support in-plane hyperbolic guided modes upon nanopatterning, which, however, poses notable fabrication challenges and limits the achievable confinement. We show that thin flakes of a van der Waals crystal, α-MoO3, can support naturally in-plane hyperbolic polariton guided modes at mid-infrared frequencies without the need for patterning. This is possible because α-MoO3 is a biaxial hyperbolic crystal with three different Reststrahlen bands, each corresponding to a different crystalline axis. These findings can pave the way toward a new paradigm to manipulate and confine light in planar photonic devices.
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Terebey, S., A. M. Cody, L. M. Rebull, and J. R. Stauffer. "Mid-infrared Variability and Accretion in NGC 2264 Protostars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S314 (November 2015): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315006353.

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Abstract:
AbstractVariable mass accretion is thought to be an important aspect of protostar formation. Mid-infrared wavelength observations trace variations in accretion luminosity and thus can probe mass accretion on sub-AU scales. We present results from the Spitzer YSOVAR campaign towards Class I protostars in NGC 2264. The precise (0.02 mag) medium-cadence light curves at 3.6 and 4.5 microns show that young star variability is ubiquitous, with a variety of morphologies and time scales. A structure function analysis shows the light curves, on average, have a power-law behavior up to 30 days. The trend continues to longer timescales (years) for protostars (Class I), in contrast with the smaller brightness changes displayed by T Tauri stars (Class II). The power-law behavior suggests a stochastic process, such as turbulent mass accretion, drives the variability.
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