Academic literature on the topic 'Microzone'

We present a Geographical Information System (GIS)-based framework implementing a Mamdani fuzzy rule-based system to partition in an unsupervised mode an urban system in urban green areas. The proposed framework is characterized by high usability and flexibility. The study area is partitioned into homogeneous regions regarding the characteristics of public green areas and relations with the residents and buildings. The urban system is initially partitioned into microzones, given the smallest areas in which a census of the urban system is taken in terms of resident population, type and number of buildings and properties, and industrial and service activities. During a pre-processing phase, the values of specific indicators defined by a domain expert, which characterize the type of urban green area and the relationship with the residents and buildings, are calculated for each microzone. Subsequently, the fuzzy rule-based system component is executed to classify each microzone based on the fuzzy rule set constructed by the domain expert. Spatially adjoining microzones belonging to the same class are dissolved to form homogeneous areas called urban green contexts. The membership degrees of the microzones to the fuzzy set of their class are used to evaluate the reliability of the classification of the urban green context. We test our framework on the municipality of Pozzuoli, Italy, comparing the results with the ones obtained in a supervised manner by the expert appropriately partitioning and classifying the urban study area based on his knowledge of it.

Among the studies on the land use – travel relationship, few investigated it regarding weekend travel and destination choice. This study accordingly evaluates how the land use - destination choice relationship differs between weekdays and weekends using two multinomial logistic regression models in which the destination is classified into three types: microzone inside, microzone outside - macrozone inside, and macrozone outside. Major findings are that the choice of automobile alternatives for travel and their ownership are associated with the choice of the microzone inside while employment and income contribute to external trips. Among land use variables, nighttime population density turns out to be the only land use variable that consistently increases internal trips in all cases, regardless of the zone size and weekday - weekend difference, whereas daytime population density does not become significant in any case. Also, land use entropy and street connectivity are found to discourage a trip that moves from the microzone to the macrozone and transit system variables to facilitate a trip that goes beyond the microzone. Particularly, between two types of transit system variables, the choice of the microzone is likely to be associated with low bus stop density on weekdays and low metro station density on weekends.

The current state of the use of agricultural land resources in the Russian Federation is reflected. The assessment of the state of turnover of land shares in agricultural production of the Volga Federal District was carried out. The analysis of land turnover in the Russian Federation, the Volga Federal District and the Saratov region is carried out. In the reproduction process of agriculture in the region, land plays an important role, since they are the main means of production, in this regard, there is a need for this study. The article evaluates changes in agricultural land areas in the country and region. According to available data, the areas of agricultural land in the Russian Federation and the Volga Federal District have not changed from 2016 to 2019. In the Saratov region, there is an increase in the land area of legal entities by 27.5 percent in 2019, compared with 2016. According to the table compiled on the basis of the microzonal territorial division of the Saratov region, there has been a decrease in the total area of agricultural land over the past five years in the Western microzone by 24 510.1 hectares, in the Central right-bank microzone by 32 627.5 hectares, in the Northern right-bank microzone by 8889.1 hectares, while in the rest there is an increase, most of all in the Northern rightbank microzone (by 105334.6 hectares). The dynamics of own, leased, unformulated agricultural land not used by agricultural organizations of the Saratov region shows that from 2016 to 2019 there was a reduction in the area of agricultural land by 55.6%, land owned by 86.1%, leased land by 55.6%, unformulated land by 76.8%. The conducted analysis shows that the size of the share of unformed and abandoned agri- of the organization and management of land relacultural lands in the Saratov region is gradually tions and the use of land resources is necessary. decreasing, in this regard, further improvement of the organization and management of land relations and the use of land resources is necessary.

The cerebellum is endowed with the capacity for compensation and restoration after pathological injury, a property known as cerebellar reserve. Such capacity is attributed to two unique morphological and physiological features of the cerebellum. First, mossy fibers that convey peripheral and central information run mediolaterally over a wide area of the cerebellum, resulting in the innervation of multiple microzones, commonly known as cerebellar functional units. Thus, a single microzone receives redundant information that can be used in pathological conditions. Secondly, the circuitry is characterized by a co-operative interplay among various forms of synaptic plasticity. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of redundant information and synaptic plasticity has allowed outlining therapeutic strategies potentiating these neural substrates to enhance the cerebellar reserve, taking advantage of the unique physiological properties of the cerebellum which appears as a modular and potentially reconfiguring brain structure.

The current paper is motivated by the need to understand the factors in generating the fusion microzone in sliding systems. The objectives are to analyze the different elements' varied influence on the engineering surface's temperature rise. The current paper developed the prediction model based on the thermal conduct theory. A solution based on the Green's function method is combined with the grid method for calculating the temperature rise and distribution. The research indicates that: frictional heat is closely related to the sliding velocity, its value is in proportion to the sliding velocity; the thermal properties of the material are one of the key points to decide the temperature rise; the load is another main factor in increasing the temperature rise; comparing with other elements, the roughness may be the least effective to the temperature rise.


 La ciudad de Portoviejo cuenta desde el 2017 con espectros de diseño específicos resultados del estudio de microzonificación sísmica del cantón. Esta investigación se origina por el escaso uso que se da a los espectros de diseño indicados en el estudio de microzonificación por parte de calculistas estructurales, quienes continúan usando los espectros que se indican en la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción del 2015 para analizar y diseñar las estructuras, tanto de hormigón armado como de acero estructural. El objetivo de esta investigación es medir las variaciones de desplazamientos laterales y esfuerzos globales en estructuras aporticadas de hormigón armado mediante un análisis sísmico, empleando tanto los espectros de la norma ecuatoriana como los espectros de la microzonificación sísmica de Portoviejo. Se analizaron seis estructuras, tres de ellas regulares en planta y en elevación, las cuales eran de tres, cinco y ocho niveles de altura y otras tres estructuras irregulares de tres y dos niveles. Las estructuras fueron modeladas en Etabs, y se usó el análisis sísmico modal espectral en que se variaba el espectro de diseño. En cuanto a los espectros de la microzonificación se usaron los indicados para las microzonas M4 y M5 mientras que los espectros de la norma considerados corresponden a la zona sísmica VI en suelos tipo D y E consistentes con los tipos de suelo de las microzonas M4 y M5. Adicionalmente se evaluó la variación del área de aceros de refuerzo en elementos principales. De este esta investigación se puede concluir que: i) en las estructuras de dos, tres y cinco niveles, los desplazamientos se amplificaron al emplear los espectros de la microzonificación sísmica, la microzona 4 entrega el mayor valor. En la estructura de ocho niveles los espectros de la norma dan los mayores desplazamientos. ii) en la estructura de ocho niveles los mayores esfuerzos de corte y momento se presentaron al emplear los espectros de la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción. iii) al diseñar las estructuras los resultados no presentaron una variación significativa, se obtuvo una mínima diferencia en cuanto a los aceros de refuerzos longitudinales. iv) en la ciudad de Portoviejo, las estructuras construidas con frecuencia no superan los tres niveles y al ser diseñadas con los espectros de la norma se estaría subestimando la aceleración sísmica de diseño. Se recomienda el uso de los espectros de la microzonificación, que son resultado de un trabajo específico para las condiciones de la ciudad.
 
 Palabras claves: Microzonificación Sísmica, Espectros de Diseño, Análisis Sísmico, Diseño Sísmico.
 
 Abstract— The Portoviejo city has since 2017 with specific design spectrum results of the study of seismic microzoning in the canton. This research originates from the limited use given to the design spectrum indicated in the microzonation study by structural engineers, who continue to use the spectrum indicated in the 2015 Ecuadorian Construction Standard to analyze and design the structures, both reinforced concrete and structural steel. The objective of this investigation is to measure the variations of lateral displacements and global efforts in structures provided with reinforced concrete to be analyzed seismically using both the spectrum of the ecuadorian norms and the spectrum of the seismic microzoning of Portoviejo. Six structures were analyzed, three of them regular in plan and elevation, which were three, five and eight levels high and three other irregular structures of three and two levels. The structures were modeled in Etabs, and the spectral modal seismic analysis was used, varying the design spectrum. Regarding the microzonation spectrum, those indicated for microzones M4 and M5 were used, while the spectrum of the standard considered correspond to seismic zone VI in soils type D and E consistent with the soil types of microzones M4 and M5. Additionally, the variation of the area of reinforcement steels in main elements was evaluated. From this research it can be concluded that: i) in the structures of two, three and five levels, the displacements were amplified by using the spectrum of the seismic microzonation, the microzone 4 generated the highest value. In the eight-level structure the spectrum of the norm give the greatest displacements. ii) in the eight-level structure the greatest cutting and momentum efforts were presented when using the spectrum of the Ecuadorian construction standard. iii) when designing the structures, the results did not show a significant variation, a minimum difference was obtained regarding the longitudinal reinforcement steels. iv) in the city of Portoviejo, the structures built frequently do not exceed three levels and being designed with the spectrum of the standard would be underestimating the seismic acceleration of design. The use of microzonation spectra is recommended, which are the result of specific work for city conditions.
 
 Keywords: Seismic microzonation, Design spectrum, Seismic Analysis, Seismic Design.