Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microwave processing

Academic literature on the topic 'Microwave processing'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Microwave processing"

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McArdle, Phillip. "Microwave Myths and Tissue Processing." Microscopy Today 15, no. 1 (January 2007): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051129.

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Microwave-assisted preparation of histological samples has been performed for decades; what began with a few pioneering researchers has now become a routine and accepted practice in many clinical and research laboratories. Reliable, reproducible microwave protocols have been developed for a variety of operations: LM and EM processing, decalcification, fixation, special stains, antigen retrieval and more. Laboratories employing microwave procedures often do so for several compelling reasons: in addition to the expected time savings (often on the scale of orders of magnitude), improved morphology, retained immunoreactivity, and the elimination of hazardous reagents are benefits typically realized as well.Despite the increasing availability of laboratory microwaves, consumer-grade (“kitchen”) microwaves continue to be used, almost invariably due to cost considerations. (EBS has maintained since 1992 that a kitchen microwave has no place in the lab.) At any time in the US there are hundreds of microwave models to choose from: a dizzying array of sizes, wattages, options, and configurations await the shopper.
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Belkhir, Kedafi, Guillaume Riquet, and Frédéric Becquart. "Polymer Processing under Microwaves." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (May 6, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3961233.

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Over the last decades, microwave heating has experienced a great development and reached various domains of application, especially in material processing. In the field of polymers, this unusual source of energy showed important advantages arising from the direct microwave/matter interaction. Indeed, microwave heating allows regio-, chemio-, and stereo-selectivity, faster chemical reactions, and higher yields even in solvent-free processes. Thus, this heating mode provides a good alternative to the conventional heating by reducing time and energy consumption, hence reducing the costs and ecological impact of polymer chemistry and processing. This review states some achievements in the use of microwaves as energy source during the synthesis and transformation of polymers. Both in-solution and free-solvent processes are described at different scales, with comparison between microwave and conventional heating.
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Singh, Satnam, Dheeraj Gupta, and Vivek Jain. "Microwave melting and processing of metal–ceramic composite castings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 7 (September 1, 2016): 1235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416666900.

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Applications of metal–ceramic composites are increasing in advanced materials field; however, efficient utilization of these materials depends on the cost involved in processing and structure–properties correlations. Processing of materials through microwave energy has already been accepted as a well-established route for many materials. In this work, composites of nickel-based metallic powder (matrix) and SiC powder (reinforcement) were successfully casted by microwave heating. The mechanism for the development of composite castings using microwaves is discussed with proper illustrations. The results of microstructure analysis of the developed cast revealed that uniform equiaxed grain growth with uniform dispersion of reinforcement. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that during microwave heating some metallurgical changes took place, which led to higher microhardness of cast. Micowave processed casting revealed lower defects (~1.75% porosity) and average Vickers microhardness of 920 ± 208 HV. This work reports the successful applications of microwaves in manufacturing, in the form of melting and casting of metallic powders.
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Gulshan, F. Ryhanath, N. Aravindha Babu, Jayasri Krupaa, and K. M. K. Masthan. "Microwave tissue Processing." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 11 (2019): 3146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.04395.x.

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Peterson, E. R. "Microwave chemical processing." Research on Chemical Intermediates 20, no. 1 (January 1994): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856794x00108.

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Cuomo Jerome, J., D. Gelorme Jeffrey, Michael Hatzakis, A. Lewis David, Jane Shaw, and J. Whitehair Stanley. "5340914 Microwave processing." Environment International 21, no. 3 (January 1995): XXII—XXIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(95)99301-h.

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Zubair, Mukarram, Rebecca Ferrari, Omar Alagha, Nuhu Dalhat Mu’azu, Nawaf I. Blaisi, Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq, and Mohammad Saood Manzar. "Microwave Foaming of Materials: An Emerging Field." Polymers 12, no. 11 (October 25, 2020): 2477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112477.

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In the last two decades, the application of microwave heating to the processing of materials has to become increasingly widespread. Microwave-assisted foaming processes show promise for industrial commercialization due to the potential advantages that microwaves have shown compared to conventional methods. These include reducing process time, improved energy efficiency, solvent-free foaming, reduced processing steps, and improved product quality. However, the interaction of microwave energy with foaming materials, the effects of critical processing factors on microwave foaming behavior, and the foamed product’s final properties are still not well-explored. This article reviews the mechanism and principles of microwave foaming of different materials. The article critically evaluates the impact of influential foaming parameters such as blowing agent, viscosity, precursor properties, microwave conditions, additives, and filler on the interaction of microwave, foaming material, physical (expansion, cellular structure, and density), mechanical, and thermal properties of the resultant foamed product. Finally, the key challenges and opportunities for developing industrial microwave foaming processes are identified, and areas for potential future research works are highlighted.
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Lloyd, Isabel K., Yuval Carmel, Otto C. Wilson Jr., and Geng Fu Xu. "Microwave Processing of Ceramics." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.857.

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Microwave (MW) processing is advantageous for processing ceramics with tailored microstructures. Its combination of volumetric heating, a wide range of controlled heating rates, atmosphere control and the ability to reach very high temperatures allows processing of 'difficult' materials like high thermal conductivity AlN and AlN composites and microstructure control in more readily sintered ceramics such as ZnO. MW sintering promotes development of thermal conductivity in AlN (225 W/mK) and its composites (up to 150W/mK inAlN-TiB2 and up to 129 W/mK in AlN-SiC when solid solution is avoided). In ZnO, heating rate controls sintered grain size. Increasing the heating rate from 5°C/min. to 4900°C decreases grain size from ~10 μm (comparable to conventional sintering of the same powder) to nearly the starting particle size (~ 1μm). Microstructural uniformity increases with sintering rate since ultra-rapid MW sintering minimizes the development of thermal gradients due to heat loss.
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Agrawal, Dinesh K. "Microwave processing of ceramics." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 3, no. 5 (October 1998): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0286(98)80011-9.

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Katz, Joel, Richard Silberglitt, S. Komameni, and David Clark. "Microwave Processing Symposium Report." Materials and Processing Report 3, no. 4 (July 1988): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08871949.1988.11752184.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microwave processing"

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Folorunso, Olaosebikan. "Microwave processing of vermiculite." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28802/.

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Vermiculite is a clay mineral that is generally used for a wide range of applications such as in agricultural, horticultural and construction industries. This is due to its various properties which include high porosity, lightweight, thermo-insulating, non-toxic and good absorption capacity when exfoliated. The objective of this research was to critically evaluate the fundamental interaction of electromagnetic waves with vermiculite from different source locations and to understand the mechanism of exfoliation in an applied microwave field. When vermiculite minerals are placed under the influence of high electric fields, they expand due to the rapid heating of their interlayer water, which subsequently builds up pressure that pushes apart the silicate structure. The degree of exfoliation is directly related to the intensity of the applied electric field. The principal areas covered in this thesis include: a detailed review of the fundamentals of microwave processing and issues surrounding scale up; a critical literature review of vermiculite mineralogy, and previous methods of vermiculite processing and their limitations; understanding the interaction of microwave energy with vermiculite by carrying out mineralogical and dielectric characterisation; microwave exfoliation tests of vermiculite minerals from different source locations and a comparative energy and life cycle analysis of microwave and conventional exfoliation of vermiculite. A detailed review of the literature revealed that conventional exfoliation of vermiculite by gas or oil fuelled furnaces has significant limitations such as emissions of greenhouse gases, high-energy requirements (greater than 1 GJ/t), health and safety issues and poor process control. All work reported so far on microwave exfoliation of vermiculite has been limited to laboratory scale using domestic microwave ovens (2.45 GHz, power below 1200 W) and the route to scale up the process to industrial capacity has not given due consideration. Mineralogical characterisation of vermiculite from different geographical locations (Australia, Brazil, China and South Africa) revealed that only the sample from Brazil is a pure form of vermiculite while the other samples are predominantly hydrobiotite. All the samples have varying degrees of hydration with the Brazilian sample having the highest total water content. The presence of water in any form in a material influences its dielectric response and ultimately the microwave absorbing properties. The dielectric characterisation carried out on the different vermiculite samples shows that the vermiculite mineral structure is effectively transparent to microwave energy, but it is possible to selectively heat microwave absorber, which is the interlayer water in the vermiculite structure. The continuous microwave exfoliation tests carried out at both pilot scale at 53-126 kg/h and the scaled up system at 300-860 kg/h demonstrated that microwave energy can be used for the industrial exfoliation of vermiculite at high throughputs and is able to produce products below the specified product bulk densities standard required by The Vermiculite Association (TVA). The degree of vermiculite exfoliation depends on factors such as power density, feedstock throughput, energy input, interlayer water content, particle size of the feedstock, and vermiculite mineralogy. The highest degree of exfoliation was recorded for the Brazilian sample, which also had the highest water content. Life cycle analysis (LCA) frameworks by the International Organisation for Standardisation (The ISO 14040: principles and framework and ISO 14044: Requirements and guidelines) and British standards institution (PAS2050) were used to carry out comparative life cycle analysis of vermiculite exfoliation using microwave heating and conventional (industrial and Torbed) heating systems. The results showed that the microwave system potentially can give an energy saving of about 80 % and 75 % over industrial and Torbed Exfoliators respectively, and a carbon footprint saving potential of about 66 % and 65 %. It can be concluded that the reduced dust emission and noise from the microwave system would improve the working conditions, health and safety. Furthermore, the methodology discussed in this project can be used to understand the fundamental of microwave interaction with perlite and expanded clay, which are minerals with similar physical and chemical compositions as vermiculite.
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Han, Yichen. "All-optical Microwave Signal Processing." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20234.

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Microwave signal processing in the optical domain is investigated in this thesis. Two signal processors including an all-optical fractional Hilbert transformer and an all-optical microwave differentiator are investigated and experimentally demonstrated. Specifically, the photonic-assisted fractional Hilbert transformer with tunable fractional order is implemented based on a temporal pulse shaping system incorporating a phase modulator. By applying a step function to the phase modulator to introduce a phase jump, a real-time fractional Hilbert transformer with a tunable fractional order is achieved. The microwave bandpass differentiator is implemented based on a finite impulse response (FIR) photonic microwave delay-line filter with nonuniformly-spaced taps. A microwave bandpass differentiator based on a six-tap nonuniformly-spaced photonic microwave delay-line filter with all- positive coefficients is designed, simulated, and experimentally demonstrated. The reconfigurability of the microwave bandpass differentiator is experimentally investigated. The employment of the differentiator to perform differentiation of a bandpass microwave signal is also experimentally demonstrated.
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Favreau, Denis. "Microwave processing of maple sap." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24002.

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Maple sap was successfully transformed into maple syrup and maple syrup products by evaporation of water by microwave heating. Pulsed power supply with duty cycles of 100%, 75% and 60% were used for the microwave application. The dielectric properties of maple syrup at different moisture contents during the process were determined at 25$ sp circ$C. The products obtained were of excellent quality and were comparable to the highest grade prescribed by the industry. Pulsed power supply was found to have better efficiency of heating, but it increased the total time required for the process. The total time was also found to be dependent on the initial mass of the load. The behavior of the dielectric properties of the maple syrup was found to be fairly linear with moisture content and were found to be in close agreement with an empirical model found in literature. Microwave heating seems to have an enormous potential for production of high quality maple syrup.
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Kobusheshe, Joseph. "Microwave enhanced processing of ores." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11393/.

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Recent research developments have suggested that microwave assisted comminution could provide a step change in ore processing. This is based on the fact that microwave-absorbent phases within a multi-mineral ore can be selectively heated by microwave energy hence inducing internal stresses that create fracture. A detailed review of existing literature revealed that little or no information is available which relates and examines the influence of hydrated minerals on microwave assisted fracture despite the fact that most important ores are associated with phyllosilicates, the vast majority of which are hydrated. A study was carried out on two Kimberlite diamond ores containing various types of hydrated minerals but devoid of any semiconducting minerals which are known to be good microwave heaters. The results confirmed that dehydration of minerals containing interlayer adsorbed water induces significant micro and macro fractures after microwave treatment. The significance of microwave induced fracture on beneficiation was investigated by conducting liberation and flotation tests on two porphyry copper ores. It was demonstrated that microwave pre-treatment improves beneficiation at sizes suitable for flotation and that higher improvements in degree of liberation are attained in coarser particle sizes between 212 and 425 µm. Flotation tests demonstrated a potential for real economic benefits in terms of value proposition. An increase of 8-10% in copper sulphides recovery from coarse sized particles (-400+200 µm) and an overall increase in grade/recovery of between 1-2% was obtained. The results also showed that microwave pre-treatment enhances selective mineral recovery as the grade-recovery of iron sulphides decreased in all but one microwave treated samples. The major drawback to further developments towards industrial scale application was found to be the lack of an effective continuous processing microwave applicator. Any future applicator designs must be able to ensure localised hot spots and confinement of all the microwave energy.
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Dastmalchi, Mansour. "Photonic processing of microwave signals." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29555/29555.pdf.

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Yi, Chenbo. "Microwave processing of hydrocarbon contaminated soil." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601688.

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Across the UK there are many hundreds of sites that have been contaminated by previous industrial use. The wastes and residues left in the soil present a hazard to the general environment and, therefore, can prohibit the redevelopment of the land. Conventional technologies all have significant disadvantages. High temperature based technologies such as thermal desorption are highly energy intensive. Soil vapour extraction requires the soil to be sufficiently permeable to permit the transfer of vapour. Microwave heating methods have the advantage of volumetric and rapid heating as well in situ steam generation from water within the soil. However, previous research on the microwave processing of soils has mainly focused on bench scale tests on artificial soils using a microwave susceptor to overcome issues with heating efficiency, rather than utilising soils from real industrial sites. There is also a significant lack of fundamental understanding in terms of the microwave heating mechanisms of soils, a lack of energy balances and consideration of scale up towards industrial implementation. The microwave heating mechanisms of soils were elucidated and the removal mechanisms of hydrocarbon contaminants have been discussed. According to the differences in the hydrocarbon contaminants, five soils were classified into two groups: light hydrocarbon contaminated soils and heavy hydrocarbon contaminated soils. All five soils could be heated with microwaves without using susceptor, and were stable at 100°C as the energy dissipated was used to overcome the latent heat of vaporisation of water. The major heating mechanism was polarisation due to the inherent water within the soils, and the major remediation mechanisms were found to be steam stripping or distillation. Above 100°C bound or interlayer I I water may be present in some soils, which contributed to low but non-zero values of dielectric loss factor. The maximum bulk temperatures obtained with light hydrocarbon contaminated soils were in excess of 100°C, and is attributed to the equilibrium between microwave energy absorbed and heat loss. In this case the remediation mechanism could be governed by thermal desorption. Heavy hydrocarbon contaminated soils behave very differently during microwave processing, with much higher temperatures obtained than with light hydrocarbon contaminated soils. The major heating mechanism in this case was conduction due to the carbonisation of heavy hydrocarbons within the soil, and remediation resulted from desorption, decomposition and carbonisation. The potential for continuous microwave treatment was ascertained through a series of pilot scale studies at 150-300 kg/h. More than 75% hydrocarbon removal from light hydrocarbon contaminated soils was achieved using a conveyor system, but this technique was not suitable for heavy hydrocarbon contaminated soils due to the high temperatures that were attained. Preliminary studies were carried out using a batch scale microwave rotary kiln system for processing at higher temperatures. ii
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Hong, Yu. "Microwave-enhanced thermal processing of algae." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46682/.

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Algae are promising substitutes to the widely-used fossil fuels. The thermochemical conversion of algae has been investigated extensively in the past two decades. In this study, systematic investigation of microwave-enhanced pyrolysis of algae together with catalytic reforming was conducted aiming at developing a new approach for the production of more syngas-enriched gas product from algae and other marine biomass. Firstly, the characterisation of algae was conducted to show the nature of the raw materials followed by the kinetic study of the decomposition of a suite of micro- and macro-algae, i.e., spirulina, chlorella and porphyra. The kinetic study was carried out using model algae, i.e. the use of ovalbumin as protein, oil droplets as lipid and cellulose as polysaccharides or carbohydrate to simulate a real alga. The thermogravimetric characteristics of algal samples were studied based on the analysis of TG and DTG curves. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method was used to derive the activation energy and pre-exponential factor. Moreover, the optimal reaction mechanism was determined by using Coats-Redfern method of the decomposition of different samples. The morphology and composition of char after TG analysis were characterised by using SEM/EDS. By comparing the characteristics of chars prepared in N2 and CO2 atmosphere, it was found that CO2 atmosphere favored the pyrolysis of algal protein with lower required activation energy (about 235 kJ mol-1) and shortened the pyrolysis time by 5.9-20.2%. But it was also found that the algal lipid increased the difficulty for the pyrolysis of algae with relatively higher activation energy around 200 kJ mol-1 (>180 kJ mol-1 under N2). However, the activation energy of cellulose decomposition remained almost the same around 310 kJ mol-1 in N2 and CO2. Therefore, CO2 atmosphere is more suitable for the pyrolysis of algae with high protein content and low lipid content. It was also found that protein in algae decomposes first, which is followed by the decomposition of carbohydrates and then lipids. Secondly, in order to obtain a high yield of syngas-enriched gas product from algae, microwave-enhanced pyrolysis of algae (spirulina, chlorella, dunaliella, laminaria and porphyra) and primary model algal compounds, i.e. cellulose and ovalbumin, at 400, 550 and 700°C in N2 atmosphere was conducted. The distribution and composition of gaseous, liquid and solid products were also studied in detail. Amongst the five algae, porphyra is the most promising raw material for high syngas-enriched gas production with more than 85 wt.%, while protein-rich spirulina and chlorella favored bio-oil production which yielded in about 10 wt.%. Meanwhile, with 94 wt.% carbohydrate, dunaliella converted most of its carbohydrates into C1-C3 gases. With a high portion of incombustible components (14.7-23.3 vol.% of CO2), laminaria has relatively lower gaseous production which was less than 80 wt.%. It also found that the optimal pyrolysis temperature was in the range of 400 to 550 °C for most of the samples except for spirulina which was at 700 °C. For the production of bio-oil, microalgae, with high protein content, were favored to be the raw materials (oil yield of 5.2-15.4 wt.%), compared to macroalgae (oil yield of 1.8-5.2 wt.%). Moreover, microalgae- spirulina and chlorella-favoured the formation of more phenols and nitrogenated compounds (10.8-17.8% and 20.9- 28.7% respectively) primarily from protein content, while less PAHs of 11.4-29.9% which mainly derived from algal carbohydrates. Finally, microwave-enhanced reforming of algae under CO2 atmosphere was conducted at 400, 550 and 700°C, together with the comparison of the results including the distribution and composition of gas, bio-oil and char in N2 and CO2 atmospheres. Compared with the product distribution derived under N2, the bio-oil yield from most algae in CO2 increased by 50- 170%, whilst the production of gas slightly decreased by 1-7%. Under CO2 atmosphere, the syngas in spirulina and chlorella gas product dramatically decreased by 60.8-69.7% and 7.1-17.6% respectively, while that from dunaliella increased by 23.4-30.4%. The percentage of syngas for the other samples remained similar. For the bio-oil derived from all the five algae samples, there were nearly no PAHs contained. In addition, the ash of algae was used as catalyst and introduced into the pyrolysis of five algae respectively under N2 atmosphere at 550°C. Compared with the non-catalytic pyrolysis, the weight percent of char from most algae increased by 20-90% using laminaria and porphyra ash, due to the decomposition of compounds in bio-oil. The syngas percentage from microalgae significantly increased by 6-45%, while that from macroalgae slightly decreased by 2-15% with the addition of spirulina, chlorella and porphyra ash. The content of PAHs in the bio-oil of spirulina, chlorella, laminaria and porphyra considerably reduced by 29-94%, while the amount of aromatics from spirulina and chlorella increased to around 1.3-7.1 times. In summary, the microwave-enhanced pyrolysis of algae favored the production of more CO/H2 rich gas at lower pyrolysis temperature under N2 atmosphere, while under CO2 atmosphere the yield of bio-oil increased. With the addition of algal ash as catalysts, the CO+H2 percentage in gas production from microalgae increased significantly. Therefore, it can be concluded that the microwave-enhanced pyrolysis of algae is an effective and efficient process for the conversion of algal biomass into value-added fuels.
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Pereira, Igor S. M. "Microwave processing of oil contaminated drill cuttings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28515/.

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Easily accessible oil reserves are currently decreasing, leading to an increase in more complex offshore deep-sea drilling programs, which require increasingly greater depths to be drilled. Such wells are commonly drilled using oil based muds, which leads to the production of drilled rock fragments, drill cuttings, which are contaminated with the base oil present in the mud. It is a legal requirement to reduce oil content to below 1 wt% in order to dispose of these drill cuttings in the North Sea and microwave processing is suggested as a feasible method of achieving the desired oil removal. However, there are currently gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms behind, and variables affecting, the microwave treatment of oil contaminated drill cuttings. The work described in this thesis seeks to address some of these gaps in knowledge. There were three main objectives for this thesis: (1) quantification, for the first time in the literature, of the main mechanisms driving oil and water removal during microwave processing of oil contaminated drill cuttings, (2) determination of key variables affecting performance during pilot scale continuous processing of oil contaminated drill cuttings and, for the first time, (3) treatment of drill cuttings with microwaves continuously at 896 MHz. Bench scale experiments carried out in a single mode applicator were used to quantify the mechanisms involved in oil and water removal from drill cuttings. It was found that both vaporisation and entrainment mechanisms play a role in oil and water removal. Vaporisation was the main mechanism of water and oil removal, and typically accounted for >80-90% of the water and oil removed. For oil removal, vaporisation of the oil phase accounted for 70-100% of the overall removal. The absolute amount of water entrained and vaporised was found to increase with increasing energy input and power density. However, as a percentage of the overall amount removed, entrainment was found to increase with increasing energy input. This was mainly due to higher heating rates at higher energy inputs, leading to pressurised, high velocity steam, which increased liquid carry-over (entrainment). Both the drill cuttings sample composition and applicator type were found to have an effect on the extent of entrainment/vaporisation. Samples consisting of a higher overall liquid content, tended to have a greater amount of surface liquid content. This led to a greater potential of carry over when steam generated internally left the sample. Increasing the power again led an increase in entrainment in this case. Different applicators were found to impact the electric field strength and power density within the water phase of the sample. Oil removal in multimode applicators progressed mainly through vaporisation (steam distillation) until the water content was sufficiently low to generate steam at a velocity high enough to entrain liquid droplets. When treatment was changed to single mode operation, entrainment occurred at an earlier stage, probably due to higher electric field strengths and power densities. It was also noted that the vaporisation mechanism of oil was more efficient at higher field strengths and powers, which could again be attributed to superheating and higher velocity steam, which enabled better mixing and heat transfer. Experiments were also run to determine the main variables affecting the performance of continuous processing of cuttings. Overall continuous processing showed a substantial improvement in the energy required, 150 kWh/t vs. >250 kWh/t, to reduce the oil content of a drill cuttings sample to 1 wt%. It was found that the initial water and oil content of the sample, as well as the sample particle size distribution, had the greatest effect on the efficiency of continuous processing. The effect of initial water and oil content on residual oil content was investigated methodically for the first time for continuous microwave processing of oil contaminated drill cuttings. An increase in initial oil content was found to have a significant impact on the energy input required to treat the sample to 1 wt% oil content. As the oil content increased, the energy input required increased exponentially, mainly as a result of the change in the physical structure of the sample. An increase in the water content led to an increase in energy input without any additional benefit to oil removal. However, as the water content was increased it was noticed that the theoretical energy input required to heat the entire sample approached the actual value measured for the energy input. This occurs as a result of the increasingly greater bulk dielectric properties of the sample as a result of higher levels of water content, which in turn leads to a higher efficiency in the conversion of microwave energy to heat in the sample. The effect of particle size on oil content distribution and removal was investigated. Oil content was found to be substantially higher in particles of size <1.0 mm, with removal also being significantly higher in this particle size range. However, as the majority of the samples tested, >80%, consisted of particles >1.0 mm, this improved removal is diluted by the performance of the coarser particles. The improved removal in finer particles is likely to be due to larger surface area, reduced path length within the particles and potentially higher electric field strength. Finally, samples processed continuously using a continuous microwave setup at 896 MHz showed improvements over both continuous microwave treatment at 2.45 GHz and bench scale setups. Increasing the f10wrate of the system at 896 MHz was also found to improve oil removal efficiency, which can be explained by the higher power requirements that would be required to maintain the energy inputs observed at the lower flowrate. Increasing the power leads to improved heating rates and thus increased removal rates through entrainment and vaporisation.
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Pau, Chew Fuee. "Microwave generated plasma jet for material processing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399341.

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Tailony, Ra'uf. "Ion exchange glass strengthening using microwave processing." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1449764292.

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Books on the topic "Microwave processing"

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Decareau, Robert V. Microwave processing and engineering. Chichester, England: E. Horwood, 1986.

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Buffler, Charles R. Microwave Cooking and Processing. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5833-7.

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E, Mudgett Richard, ed. Microwaves in the food processing industry. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press, 1985.

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Horikoshi, Satoshi, Robert F. Schiffmann, Jun Fukushima, and Nick Serpone. Microwave Chemical and Materials Processing. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6466-1.

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Fraser, Colin Bruce. Microwave filtering realised through optical processing. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Buffler, Charles R. Microwave cooking and processing: Engineering fundamentals for the food scientist. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.

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Buffler, Charles R. Microwave cooking and processing: Engineering fundamentals for the food scientist. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.

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World Congress on Microwave Processing (1st 1997 Orlando, Fla.). Microwaves: Theory and application in materials processing IV : First World Congress on Microwave Processing : microwave and RF technology, from science to application. Westerville, Ohio: American Ceramic Society, 1997.

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Al-Saad, M. H. S. Microwave heating in continuous textile fabric processing. Manchester: UMIST, 1985.

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Willert-Porada, Monika, ed. Advances in Microwave and Radio Frequency Processing. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32944-7.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microwave processing"

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Wang, Shaojin. "Microwave Processing." In Handbook of Food Safety Engineering, 371–93. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444355321.ch15.

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Mullin, J. "Microwave processing." In New Methods of Food Preservation, 112–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2105-1_6.

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Horikoshi, Satoshi, Robert F. Schiffmann, Jun Fukushima, and Nick Serpone. "Microwave Heating." In Microwave Chemical and Materials Processing, 47–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6466-1_4.

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Esman, R. D., S. Gevorgian, L. R. Pendrill, A. Alping, B. Cabon, V. Girod, G. Maury, et al. "All Optical Processing Of Microwave Functions." In Microwave Photonics, 375–573. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30651-3_6.

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Paraszczak, J., and J. Heidenreich. "Semiconductor Processing Applications of Microwave Plasmas." In Microwave Discharges, 445–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_28.

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Buffler, Charles R. "Microwave Product Development." In Microwave Cooking and Processing, 98–108. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5833-7_8.

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Matsui, Katia Nicolau, Cynthia Ditchfield, and Carmen Cecilia Tadini. "Microwave Processing of Fruits." In Food Engineering Series, 417–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3311-2_15.

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Buffler, Charles R. "Microwave Processing of Foods." In Microwave Cooking and Processing, 128–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5833-7_10.

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Lloyd, Isabel K., Yuval Carmel, Otto C. Wilson Jr., and Geng Fu Xu. "Microwave Processing of Ceramics." In Advances in Science and Technology, 857–62. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-01-x.857.

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Horikoshi, Satoshi, Robert F. Schiffmann, Jun Fukushima, and Nick Serpone. "Microwave-Assisted Chemistry." In Microwave Chemical and Materials Processing, 243–319. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6466-1_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microwave processing"

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Thostenson, Erik T., and Tsu-Wei Chou. "Application of Microwave Heating for Adhesive Joining." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0137.

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Abstract In conventional joining of composite materials and sandwich structures, reductions in processing time are limited by inefficient heat transfer. In conventional processing the thermal energy must diffuse through the composite layers to heat the joint interface and cure the thermosetting adhesive, and this outside-in process of heating results in excessive processing times and wasted energy. The purpose of the current work is to examine microwave heating as an alternative to conventional heating for joining of composite structures. Through proper material selection, microwaves are able to penetrate the substrate materials and cure the adhesives in-situ. Selective heating with microwaves is achieved by incorporating interlayer materials that have high dielectric loss properties relative to the substrate materials. In this study, a processing window for elevated temperature curing of an epoxy paste adhesive system (HYSOL EA 9359.3) was developed and composite joint systems were manufactured using conventional and microwave techniques and tested in shear. Microwave curing resulted in both enhanced shear strength and less scatter in experimental data.
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Minasian, Robert A. "Microwave Photonic Signal Processing." In CLEO 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2007.4452916.

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Johnson, D. L., D. J. Skamser, and H. Su. "Microwave processing of ceramics." In International Conference on Plasma Science (papers in summary form only received). IEEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.1995.531755.

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Anselmi, N., L. Poli, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa. "Compressive-processing microwave imaging." In 2017 Sixth Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcap.2017.8420783.

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Minasian, Robert A., Xiaoke Yi, Erwin H. W. Chan, Thomas X. H. Huang, and Weiwei Zhang. "Microwave photonic signal processing." In 2011 IEEE Intl. Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP 2011) jointly held with the 2011 Asia-Pacific Microwave Photonics Conference (APMP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwp.2011.6088751.

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Lee, H. K., B. Q. Li, Y. Huo, and J. Tang. "Validation of 3-D Electromagnetic-Thermal Model for Microwave Food Processing." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72534.

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A numerical model was developed to study the electromagnetic field and thermal phenomena during microwave heating food processing. Three-dimensional finite difference time domain and finite element integration is presented for the analysis of the electromagnetic field distribution and temperature distribution. Experimental measurements validated 3-D model of microwave food processing for the electromagnetic and thermal phenomena. The extensive numerical simulations were used to study effect of various processing parameters on the heating patterns in food package in a 915 MHz microwave applicator. Computed results are presented for the electric field distribution, power absorption and temperature profile for the food sterilization processing in Microwave-Circulated Water Combination (MCWC) heating system.
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Abdulhafez, Moataz, Se Youn Cho, Golnaz Tomaraei, and Mostafa Bedewy. "Microwave-Assisted Processing of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Films." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2932.

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Abstract Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) is an emerging material derived from natural silk. Thin RSF films are transparent, biocompatible and biodegradable, which makes them suitable for many applications, such as flexible/conformal and transient electronics, bioresorbable devices, bioresists for lithography, and edible food protective coatings. To realize these applications, controlling and tuning the properties of RSF films is required to fully exploit their unique mechanical, optical, and degradation properties. Here, a new approach for tuning these properties is presented based on inducing rapid molecular structure transformations in fibroins via microwave heating. Transparent RSF films were post-treated by microwave irradiation, resulting in the transition of amorphous silk fibroin structure to a more α-helix dominant secondary structure. By increasing the microwave irradiation duration, an increase of helix secondary structure was observed. We use amide-I band Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the films to characterize the secondary structure of fibroins. Moreover, we show that silicon substrates coated with 100 nm thick RSF films by spin casting, exhibit higher stability in water after microwave irradiation for up to 10 minutes, confirming a conformational change in the RSF secondary structure towards more stable α-helical rich motifs. Our results show that microwave treatment can be a new high throughput approach for tailoring the properties and structure of functional RSF-based films in a scalable and sustainable manufacturing process, when compared to other post processing techniques.
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Minasian, R. A., X. Yi, and L. Li. "Microwave photonic processing of high-speed microwave signals." In 2016 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2016.7550273.

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Groombridge, Paul, Elias Siores, and Adekunle Oloyede. "A Control System for Microwave Processing of Materials." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1048.

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Abstract This paper discusses a control system for microwave processing of materials. Microwave joining of ceramics and drying of timber are currently industry practices whilst microwave joining of engineering plastics and curing of epoxy adhesives are still being researched. In this study, all materials are processed in rectangular sections of waveguide fed by a magnetron with a maximum output power of 2 kW operating at 2.45 GHz. The most significant problems encountered when processing these materials are: (i) maintaining proper tuning to ensure maximum power transfer, (ii) thermal runaway, where the heating rate proceeds so rapidly that the material burns within a few seconds, and (iii) hot spot development, where localised regions heat up at a faster rate than adjacent regions. A computerised automated control system has been developed to alleviate these processing problems and has been successfully employed in joining a range of ceramics and engineering plastics, curing epoxy adhesives and drying wood. Results of preliminary tests obtained using the developed prototype are presented.
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Mardaras, J., J. I. Lombraña, and M. C. Villarán. "Microwave drying in fluidized bed to dehydrate microencapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Temperature control strategies." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7854.

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Alginate microcapsules containing cell yeasts of the species Saccharomyces cerivisae, used as a reference microorganism, were studied here to improve the protection of cell activity during food processing. Here a novel drying process was proposed to optimize processing conditions. The dehydration of microcapsules by microwaves and under near fluidizing conditions (NFMD), allows performing dehydration employing lower temperatures to maintain high viability levels and a high quality end product. Thus, strategies based on the combination of different thermal gradients and processing temperatures were analysed through a series of NFMD experiments. Keywords: microwave drying, fluidization, probiotics, cell viability
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Reports on the topic "Microwave processing"

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Lauf, R. J., A. D. McMillan, and F. L. Paulauskas. Advanced microwave processing concepts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/494127.

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Katz, Joel D. Microwave Processing of Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/770493.

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Lauf, R. J., A. D. McMillan, and F. L. Paulauskas. Advanced microwave processing concepts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/105132.

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Lloyd, Isabel. Instrumentation for Microwave Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378337.

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Petersen, R. D. Microwave waste processing technology overview. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/120858.

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Vogt, G. J., and J. D. Katz. Microwave processing of ceramic oxide filaments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/105136.

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McMillan, A. D., R. J. Lauf, and R. S. Garard. Microwave processing of materials. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/543671.

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Boatner, L. A. Microwave Processing for Advance Electro-Optic Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940380.

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Pinto, J. G. Signal Processing Device to Control Microwave Output. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada216931.

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D.E. Clark and D.C. Folz. Microwave Processing of Simulated Advanced Nuclear Fuel Pellets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/992637.

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