Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microwave plasmas

Academic literature on the topic 'Microwave plasmas'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Microwave plasmas"

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Zubritsky, Elizabeth. "Science: Miniature microwave plasmas." Analytical Chemistry 72, no. 1 (January 2000): 22 A—23 A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac002711l.

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Brown, Peter G., Timothy J. Brotherton, John M. Workman, and Joseph A. Caruso. "Electron Number Density Studies in Moderate-Power Argon and Helium Microwave-Induced Plasmas." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 5 (July 1987): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874448175.

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The electron number density of atmospheric-pressure argon and helium microwave-induced plasmas operating in the power regime of 100 to 450 W has been examined. The resulting data demonstrate a trend of increasing electron density, ne, for both the Ar and He microwave-induced plasmas as forward power is increased. An examination of ne vs. plasma observation position demonstrates a maximum in ne at the central plasma observation position for both plasmas. Further, spatial dependence of electron density appears to be more pronounced at high power levels. Nebulization of aqueous solutions containing varying concentrations of an easily ionizable element into the Ar microwave-induced plasma, MIP, demonstrates little if any effect on ne. Moreover, this observation can be explained by the fact that there is a far greater quantity of water than easily ionizable element being introduced into the plasma in a given time period. Thus the electron contribution resulting from water degradation products in the plasma far outweighs that from the relatively small amount of easily ionizable element present. This last point is further substantiated by an examination of the Ar MIP with and without solution nebulization.
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Venkateswaran, S., D. A. Schwer, and C. L. Merkle. "Numerical Modeling of Waveguide Heated Microwave Plasmas." Journal of Fluids Engineering 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 732–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910206.

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Waveguide-heated microwave plasmas for space propulsion applications are analyzed by a two-dimensional numerical solution of the combined Navier-Stokes and Maxwell equations. Two waveguide configurations—one purely transmitting and the other with a reflecting end wall—are considered. Plasma stability and absorption characteristics are studied and contrasted with the characteristics of resonant cavity heated plasmas. In addition, preliminary estimates of the overall efficiency and the thrust and specific impulse of the propulsion system are also made. The computational results are used to explain experimental trends and to better understand the working of these devices.
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Haifeng, Zhang, Shao Fuqiu, and Wang Long. "Interactions of Microwave with Plasmas." Plasma Science and Technology 5, no. 3 (June 2003): 1773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/5/3/003.

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Novik, K. M., and A. D. Piliya. "Enhanced microwave scattering in plasmas." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 36, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 357–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/36/3/001.

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Huang, J. H., and S. L. Suib. "Methane dimerization via microwave plasmas." Research on Chemical Intermediates 20, no. 1 (January 1994): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856794x00135.

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Exton, R. J., S. Popovic, G. C. Herring, and M. Cooper. "Levitation using microwave-induced plasmas." Applied Physics Letters 86, no. 12 (March 21, 2005): 124103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1887837.

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Leins, M., J. Kopecki, S. Gaiser, A. Schulz, M. Walker, U. Schumacher, U. Stroth, and T. Hirth. "Microwave Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure." Contributions to Plasma Physics 54, no. 1 (November 5, 2013): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.201300033.

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van Ninhuijs, M. A. W., J. Beckers, and O. J. Luiten. "Collisional microwave heating and wall interaction of an ultracold plasma in a resonant microwave cavity." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 063022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac6c46.

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Abstract Recently, we introduced a resonant microwave cavity as a diagnostic tool for the study of ultracold plasmas (UCPs). This diagnostic allows us to study the electron dynamics of UCPs non-destructively, very fast, and with high sensitivity by measuring the shift in the resonance frequency of a cavity, induced by a plasma. However, in an attempt to theoretically predict the frequency shift using a Gaussian self-similar expansion model, a three times faster plasma decay was observed in the experiment than found in the model. For this, we proposed two causes: plasma–wall interactions and collisional microwave heating. In this paper, we investigate the effect of both causes on the lifetime of the plasma. We present a simple analytical model to account for electrons being lost to the cavity walls. We find that the model agrees well with measurements performed on plasmas with different initial electron temperatures and that the earlier discrepancy can be attributed to electrons being lost to the walls. In addition, we perform measurements for different electric field strengths in the cavity and find that the electric field has a small, but noticeable effect on the lifetime of the plasma. By extending the model with the theory of collisional microwave heating, we find that this effect can be predicted quite well by treating the energy transferred from the microwave field to the plasma as additional initial excess energy for the electrons.
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Krasik, Yakov, John Leopold, Guy Shafir, Yang Cao, Yuri Bliokh, Vladislav Rostov, Valery Godyak, et al. "Experiments Designed to Study the Non-Linear Transition of High-Power Microwaves through Plasmas and Gases." Plasma 2, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma2010006.

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The interaction of powerful sub-picosecond timescale lasers with neutral gas and plasmas has stimulated enormous interest because of the potential to accelerate particles to extremely large energies by the intense wakefields formed and without being limited by high accelerating gradients as in conventional accelerator cells. The interaction of extremely high-power electromagnetic waves with plasmas is though, of general interest and also to plasma heating and wake-field formation. The study of this subject has become more accessible with the availability of sub-nanosecond timescale GigaWatt (GW) power scale microwave sources. The interaction of such high-power microwaves (HPM) with under-dense plasmas is a scale down of the picosecond laser—dense plasma interaction situation. We present a review of a unique experiment in which such interactions are being studied, some of our results so far including results of our numerical modeling. Such experiments have not been performed before, self-channeling of HPM through gas and plasma and extremely fast plasma electron heating to keV energies have already been observed, wakefields resulting from the transition of HPM through plasma are next and more is expected to be revealed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microwave plasmas"

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Burke, P. E. "A study of microwave induced plasmas." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376442.

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Nagai, Mikio, Masaru Hori, and Toshio Goto. "Properties of atmospheric pressure plasmas with microwave excitations for plasma processing." American Institute of Physics, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7072.

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Hirst, Peter Frank. "Low pressure plasmas for high power microwave sources." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13613.

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This thesis describes an investigation of the use of low pressure plasmas for the generation of high power microwaves. Previous research has shown that the efficiency of a high power microwave ("HPM") source such as a BWO is enhanced by the introduction of a low pressure plasma into the oscillator cavity. The principle aim of this thesis is to extend the use of low pressure plasmas to the whole HPM system. Electron beams with current densities of the order of 20 A cm-2 can be generated in a cold cathode glow discharge at low gas pressures. Results are presented which show the effects of magnetic fields and electrode spacing on the I-V characteristics of a DC glow discharge electron gun. A glow discharge electron gun with an operating voltage of 350 kV has been designed and tested. A new kind of RP plasma cathode is proposed in which electrons are drawn from an RF discharge in a low pressure gas. An analysis of the production of an annular RF plasma cathode using a microwave-excited helical slow-wave structure is presented. Experimental results show that the RF plasma cathode yields electron current densities an order of magnitude higher than does a solid cathode. Examples of the implementation of the RF plasma cathode in a number of components of an HPM system are given. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in plasma-loaded waveguides of circular cross-section has been modelled. Numerical solutions are presented for the case of slow-waves in a longitudinally-magnetised plasma waveguide. Propagation below the cut-off frequency of the waveguide is generally possible and, according to the configuration, the propagating waves may be used for plasma generation or for RF power transmission. A new kind of high power microwave waveguide switch, based on the properties of plasma waveguides, is proposed. The design of new kind of magnetron, the "Glow Discharge Inverted Magnetron" ("GDIM"), is presented. The GDIM is an inverted magnetron with the resonant structure located on the cathode. The resonant cavities are used as a source of glow discharge electron beams, which gives high power operation without requiring relativistic voltages.
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Luk, Kar Tsun. "Dry reforming in a microwave plasma /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CENG%202005%20LUK.

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Pencheva, Mariana. "Modelling of atmospheric pressure argon plasmas: application to capacitive RF and surface microwave discharges." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209451.

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This work is focused on modelling of atmospheric pressure high frequency (HF) discharges operated at relatively low power densities. Two types of devices are considered – the radio frequency capacitively coupled atmospheric pressure plasma jet and the microwave discharge sustained by surface electromagnetic waves. They are addresses as the plasma shower and the surface-wave discharge (SWD). Both of the considered devices operate in argon at atmospheric pressure (p = 1 bar). However, the difference in the frequency of the power coupling mechanism induces a big difference in plasma properties. This implies also that different modelling approaches have to be employed.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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du, Toit Erasmus. "Kinetic study of microwave start-up in tokamak plasmas." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18949/.

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Spherical tokamaks (STs) have a particular need for non-inductive start-up methods, due to the limited space for a shielded inboard solenoid. Plasma current start-up assisted by electron Bernstein waves (EBW) has been demonstrated successfully in a number of experiments. The dynamic start-up phase involves a change in field topology, as the initially open magnetic field lines form closed flux surfaces (CFS) under the initiation of a plasma current. This change in field topology will bring about a change in the current drive (CD) mechanism, and, although various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the formation of CFS, no detailed theoretical studies have previously been undertaken. This thesis reports on the development of a kinetic start-up model for EBW-assisted plasma current start-up in MAST. In order to ensure the model is tractable and computationally manageable, the time evolution of the electron distribution function is studied in zero spatial and two momentum dimensions under several effects thought to be important during start-up. In order to obtain numerical solutions to the time evolution of the distribution function, a positivity-preserving solution to two-dimensional advection-diffusion equations including mixed derivative terms are required. A numerical scheme for solving these equations is presented, and shown to improve the accuracy of lower-order finite difference schemes. It is shown that the open magnetic field line configuration allows electrons to freely stream out of the plasma, but that the addition of a small vertical magnetic field leads to the preferential confinement of a selection of electrons and the generation of a plasma current. Collisions then act to ``feed'' this loss mechanism by increasing the parallel momentum of electrons through pitch-angle scattering, leading to greater losses and a greater plasma current. This CD mechanism is shown to be consistent with several experimentally observed effects, providing a theoretical understanding of these effects, while comparisons between simulation and experiment is good. This work has applications for future STs, as it builds on our current, theoretical understanding of non-inductive plasma current start-up.
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Ridenti, Marco Antonio 1986. "Diagnóstico e modelagem de plasmas gerados por micro-ondas e aplicações." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276981.

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Orientadores: Jayr de Amorim Filho, Marco Aurélio Pinheiro de Lima
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T21:57:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ridenti_MarcoAntonio_D.pdf: 6265448 bytes, checksum: 384897ffe1b8b10a23a0ab7c3b206b76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Neste trabalho plasmas não térmicos gerados em pressão atmosférica e sustentados por ondas de superfície em micro-ondas, tendo o argônio como gás de alimentação, foram estudados experimentalmente e teoricamente tendo em vista aspectos pouco compreendidos de suas propriedades físicas e aplicações voltadas ao tratamento de biomassa. Medições da composição elementar e dos parâmetros físicos foram realizados por meio de técnicas de diagnóstico baseadas em espectrometria de massa e espectroscopia óptica de emissão. O sistema físico foi modelado por meio das equações de continuidade das espécies neutras e carregadas, da equação do calor e da equação de Boltzmann dos elétrons, que foram acopladas utilizando um procedimento auto-consistente. Uma vez obtido o quadro geral das propriedades do plasma, foi estabelecida a condição de operação adequada ao tratamento das amostras derivadas de biomassa. O tratamento foi realizado sobre quatro tipo de amostras: lignina, xilana, celulose e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Dentre as contribuições importantes deste trabalho podem ser destacadas: (i) a verificação experimental do papel dos íons moleculares do argônio no processo de contração da descarga; (ii) a determinação do perfil axial no plasma dos principais íon positivos e negativos, da densidade e temperatura eletrônicas, da temperatura do gás e da densidade do estado metaestável Ar(1s5); (iii) verificação da seletividade do tratamento a plasma, tendo sido observada uma alteração significativa dos espectros de absorção no infravermelho nos casos da lignina e da xilana, mas não no caso da celulose. Esse último resultado sugere uma rota inusitada para novas tecnologias de deslignificação e síntese de novos materiais a partir de biomassa
Abstract: In this work non-thermal argon plasmas produced at atmospheric pressure and sustained by microwave surface waves were theoretically and experimentally studied in view of their non understood aspects and also the applications aimed at biomass treatment. Measurements of elemental composition and physical parameters were carried by means of plasma diagnostic techniques such as mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy. Plasma modelling based on the self-consistent solution of the continuity equations of the neutral and charged species, the heat equation and the electron Boltzmann equation was developed to describe the plasma properties. Once a complete picture of the plasma behaviour was obtained, a promising condition for plasma treatment was established. Four types of biomass derived material were plasma treated: lignin, cellulose, xylan and sugarcane bagasse. Among the important contributions of this work one may highlight the following: (i) the experimental verification of the crucial role of argon molecular ions in the discharge contraction; (ii) axial profile determination of the main positive and negative ions, the electronic temperature and density, the gas temperature and the metastable state Ar(1s5) density; (iii) important modification of the infrared absorption spectra after plasma treatment in the cases of lignin and xylan, but not in the case of cellulose, suggesting a unexpected route for delignification and new materials synthesis from biomass
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
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Helal, Yaser H. "Submillimeter Spectroscopic Study of Semiconductor Processing Plasmas." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1483396745873412.

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Simon, Antoine. "Étude de dispositifs de limitation de puissance microonde en technologie circuit imprimé exploitant des plasmas de décharge." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0037/document.

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Dans ce travail de thèse, nous souhaitons exploiter les interactions non-linéaires entre le signal micro-onde de forte puissance à émettre et des micro-décharges plasmas intégrés dans les circuits ou antennes micro-ondes de l’émetteur (e.g., émetteur de télécommunications, RADAR, ...) pour obtenir sa reconfigurabilité. Une telle problématique adresse un ensemble de compétences à l’interface entre la physique des plasmas et les micro-ondes. Elle concerne aussi bien des problématiques amont que des considérations d’ingénierie. Le travail à réaliser au cours de ce projet doit permettre de progresser en deux tâches de recherche qui structureront les activités de la thèse. En premier lieu, la caractérisation des micro-décharges plasmas sera effectuée puis il sera possible d'identifier et de développer des dispositifs micro-ondes reconfigurables
In this project, the non-linear interactions between the high-power microwave signal and micro-discharges plasmas integrated in the microwave circuits or antennas of the transmitter (for example,Telecommunication transmitter, RADAR, ...) will be exploited to obtain its reconfigurability. Such a problem addresses a set of competences at the interface between plasma physics and microwaves. It concerns both upstream and engineering considerations. The work to be carried out during this project should make it possible to progress in two research tasks that will structure the activities of the thesis. First, the characterization of microdischarge plasmas will be perform then it will possible to identify and develop reconfigurable microwave devices
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Osiac, Mariana [Verfasser]. "Spectroscopic studies of microwave plasmas containing diborane and acetylene / Mariana Osiac." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1172611483/34.

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Books on the topic "Microwave plasmas"

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Edward, Reszke, ed. Microwave induced plasma analytical spectrometry. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010.

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International Workshop Microwave Discharges: Fundamentals and Applications. Microwave Discharges, Fundamentals and Applications (MD-8): Book of Abstracts ; VIII International Workshop, Russia, Zvenigorod, September 10-14, 2012. Moscow: PLASMAIOFAN Co. Ltd., 2012.

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International Workshop Microwave Discharges: Fundamentals and Applications (3rd 1997 Abbaye Royale de Fontevraud, France). 3rd International Workshop Microwave Discharges, Fundamentals and Applications: Proceedings : Abbaye Royale de Fontevraud, France, 20-25 April, 1997. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 1998.

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Plasma spectroscopy: The influence of microwave and laser fields. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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Zhang, Liangen. Optical emission spectroscopic diagnostics of atmosphere microwave plasmas. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

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Scottish Universities' Summer School in Physics (48th 1996 St. Andrews, Scotland). Generation and application of high power microwaves: Proceedings of the Forty Eighth Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics, St. Andrews, August 1996. Edinburgh: Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics, 1997.

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Idehara, T. Submillimeter wave gyrotron development and applications: Fukui University-University of Sydney collaboration. [Fukui, Japan]: Laboratory for Application of Superconducting Magnet, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui University, 1995.

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Horikoshi, Satoshi, Graham Brodie, Koichi Takaki, and Nick Serpone, eds. Agritech: Innovative Agriculture Using Microwaves and Plasmas. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3891-6.

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Oks, E. A. Plasma Spectroscopy: The Influence of Microwave and Laser Fields. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995.

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Ridge, Melodie Linda. Remote microwave plasma modification of biomaterials for biomedical applications. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microwave plasmas"

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Ohl, Andreas. "Large Area Planar Microwave Plasmas." In Microwave Discharges, 205–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_13.

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Boisse-Laporte, Caroline. "Wave Propagation in Bounded Plasmas." In Microwave Discharges, 25–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_2.

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van der Mullen, Joost A. M., Dany A. Benoy, and Frank H. A. G. Fey. "Excitation Equilibria in Plasmas; A Classification." In Microwave Discharges, 395–405. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_25.

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Paraszczak, J., and J. Heidenreich. "Semiconductor Processing Applications of Microwave Plasmas." In Microwave Discharges, 445–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_28.

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Lister, Graeme G. "Strongly Damped Surface Waves in Plasmas." In Microwave Discharges, 85–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_6.

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van de Sanden, M. C. M., R. F. G. Meulenbroeks, J. J. Beulens, A. J. M. Buuron, M. J. de Graaf, G. J. Meeusen, Z. Qing, et al. "Optical Diagnostics for High Electron Density Plasmas." In Microwave Discharges, 279–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_18.

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Dias, F. M. "Use of Emissive Probes in HF Plasmas." In Microwave Discharges, 291–302. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_19.

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Margot, Joëlle, and Michel Moisan. "Modeling of Surface-Wave-Sustained Plasmas in Static Magnetic Fields: A Tool for the Study of Magnetically Assisted HF Plasmas." In Microwave Discharges, 141–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_10.

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Wertheimer, M. R., and L. Martinu. "Ion Bombardment Effects in Dual Microwave/Radio Frequency Plasmas." In Microwave Discharges, 465–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_29.

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Moisan, Michel, Joseph Hubert, Joëlle Margot, Gaston Sauvé, and Zenon Zakrzewski. "The Contribution of Surface-Wave-Sustained Plasmas to HF Plasma Generation, Modeling and Applications: Status and Perspectives." In Microwave Discharges, 1–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microwave plasmas"

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Wong, A. Y. "Microwave interactions with plasmas." In IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 1996 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.1996.551659.

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Rader, Mark. "Microwave frequency modification using plasmas." In 15th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2301647.

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Ciavola, G., S. Barbarino, R. S. Catalano, L. Celona, F. Consoli, S. Gammino, F. Maimone, et al. "Microwave Excitation In ECRIS plasmas." In RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS: 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2800541.

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Leins, Martina, Andreas Schulz, Matthias Walker, and Uwe Schumacher. "Spectroscopic analysis of microwave generated plasmas." In 2008 IEEE 35th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2008.4591124.

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Hu, Ning, Xiao-Tian Shi, and Han-Dong Ma. "Aerodynamic Effects of Microwave-Excited Plasmas." In 47th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4309.

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Janson, S. "Microwave interferometry for low density plasmas." In 25th Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2424.

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HAWLEY, MARTIN, and SCOTT HARABURDA. "Spectroscopic investigations of microwave generated plasmas." In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2116.

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"Poster Session 1P1-19: Vacuum Microelectronics; Microwave Systems; Microwave Plasmas." In IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 31st IEEE International Conference On Plasma Science. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2004.1339636.

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Moisan, Michel. "GENERATION AND MODELING OF GASEOUS PLASMAS USING MICROWAVE (MW) POWER." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9989.

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In contrast to RF produced plasmas, in the case of microwave plasmas the energy from the electromagnetic (EM) field is communicated only to electrons since ions, being a few thousand times much heavier than electrons, cannot respond to the periodic changes in the direction of the E-field of microwaves (typical frequency range 100 MHz-300 GHz) and therefore cannot gain energy in the EM field. The energy of electrons is essentially transferred to heavy particles either through numerous enough collisions during the E-field period (high enough gas pressures) or through electron-cyclotron resonance (pressures below mTorr) sustaining in this way the gas discharge. This had led to introduce the concept of power absorbed per electron qA and power loss on a per electron basis qL [1]. Under steady-state conditions and when the plasma volume (the volume in which plasma particles recombine and, thus, power is lost) is equal to the volume in which power is absorbed from the MW field, we have the power balance qA = qL, which can be shown to be much informative than the usual global power balance. qA is defined as where n is the electron collision frequency for momentum transfer, w, the wave angular frequency, e/me, the electron charge to mass ratio, and , the mean squared value of the EM E-field. The value of qA (absorbed power) is shown to adjust so as to compensate exactly for qL (power losses), which is thus the dominant power parameter; as a result, the intensity of the maintenance E-field sustaining the discharge comes out as an internal parameter, i.e., it is operator-independent, in contrast to what is generally believed whatever the kind of E-field sustained discharges. Other related features are: i) whenever this can be achieved, the smaller the volume in which power is absorbed with respect to the volume in which it is spent, the higher the intensity of the maintenance E-field: this leads to higher atomic (molecular) excitation rates inside than outside the absorption region (such is the case in micro-discharges); ii) an interesting fact as far as understanding RF and MW discharge properties is concerned is that the value of qL decreases with increasing frequency from the RF domain to that of MWs; iii) similarity laws, initially derived with DC discharges, are generalized to include RF and microwave discharges. For example, qA/p as a function of pR (p is gas pressure and R discharge-tube inner radius) replaces advantageously the widely used E/p vs. pR similarity law since qA is more easily measured than E2 and further it avoids considering the latter as an external parameter, etc.; iv) using the power per electron balance, it can be proved that the EM E-field intensity under electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) condition passes through a minimum, not a maximum, contrary to what is generally claimed; v) the E-field intensity under pulsed regime can be maximized under short enough pulse length and long enough off-time in between.
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MUELLER, JUERGEN, and MICHAEL MICCI. "Microwave electrothermal thrusters using waveguide heated plasmas." In 21st International Electric Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2562.

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Reports on the topic "Microwave plasmas"

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Alexeff, Igor, and Mark Radar. Microwave Interaction with Plasmas. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada267048.

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2

Eckstrom, D. J., and M. S. Williams. Microwave cavity diagnostics of microwave breakdown plasmas. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10184700.

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Mazzucato, E. Microwave Reflectometry for Magnetically Confined Plasmas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/4379.

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Gruen, D. M., Shengzhong Liu, A. R. Krauss, and Xianzheng Pan. Buckyball microwave plasmas: Fragmentation and diamond-film growth. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104979.

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Schamiloglu, Edl, Mark Gilmore, and Christopher Watts. Minimizing Surface Plasmas in High Power Microwave Sources. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada563640.

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Manheimer, Wallace M. Fast, High Power Microwave Components Based on Beam Generated Plasmas. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada336339.

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E. Mazzucato. Numerical Study of Microwave Reflectometry in Plasmas with 2D Turbulent Fluctuations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/4523.

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Mazzucato, E., and R. Nazikian. Microwave reflectometry for the study of density fluctuations in tokamak plasmas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6377672.

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Byrne, D. P. Intense microwave pulse propagation through gas breakdown plasmas in a waveguide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7242247.

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Jungwirth, Patrick W. Microwave interferometry of laser induced air plasmas formed by short laser pulses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10141960.

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