Journal articles: 'Microwave patch antennas'

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Ahalya, C., Avuku Jyothi, H. Supriya, and D. Heena Kousar. "Designed A Broadcast Patch Antenna." Journal of Telecommunication Study 7, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jts.2022.v07i02.002.

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Today, one of the key topics of study in the field of communication systems is wireless technology, and no studies of communication systems is complete without a grasp of how antennas work and are made. Numerous scholars have investigated antennas for various wireless communication systems. The conceived, created, and tested omnidirectional microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is the subject of this study. The antenna's operational bandwidth is a good fit for a variety of applications. Microstrip patch antennas are the ideal option for communication systems engineers due to its effectiveness and advantages, which include low cost, low profile, and low weight. Due to the fact that they may combine with microwave circuits, they are ideal for applications like cell devices, many others, including WLAN applications and navigational systems. In this project, a small rectangular patch antenna is created. The research of a two- or four-element array antenna has been the focus of the work's last section. The optimization of a 1.9GHz rectangular probe fed patch antenna in the design and simulation of patch antennas. According to experimental findings, the voltage standing wave ratio, insertion loss and capacity.

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Giri, Kali Krishna, Raj Kumar Singh, Kumari Mamata, and Ajeet Kumar Shrivastava. "A Theoretical Survey on Patch Antenna for Wideband Communication." International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 3, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47607/ijresm.2020.376.

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Modern communication system is based on wideband communication. A wideband antenna is designed in such a way that it will receive a wide range of frequencies. Microwave frequency spectrum is classified as ranging from 1GHz to 100GHz and this range is divided into a number of frequency bands. These bands are defined as L Band, S Band, C Band, X Band etc. To fulfil the demands of many users patch antenna is designed in these bands. Among different types of antenna, Microstrip Patch Antenna is most popular in wireless communication system. Microstrip patch Antennas have many advantages over other familiar antennas because microstrip patch antennas are of low profile, low cost, low volume, light weight. Low efficiency, low gain and narrow bandwidth of patch antenna create major challenge to a designer. Slots are created on patch for preparing antenna forwideband applications. In this paper, we have surveyed upon various types of Microstrip Patch Antenna, feeding techniques, design equation Substrate Characteristics, Simulation tools etc.

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Kurup, Hrudya B., M. Remsha, Divya Antony, and Stephen Rodrigues. "Development and Analysis of Two Quarter Wavelength Patch Antennas." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 2495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.2495ecst.

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Development of small integrated antennas has played a crucial role in the current rapid progress of commercial wireless communication technology. Incorporating different radio standards, which supports various voice and data applications to a single wireless hand-held device, has now become the need of the hour. Quarter wavelength patch antennas are low profile antennas suitable for such applications. In this paper, two single-feed triple-band quarter wavelength antennas, PIFA and shorted patch antenna, having multi-band capability, are experimentally investigated and characterized. Different specifications of both the antennas are software simulated and experimentally tested. All simulations are performed using CST microwave studio.

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Wan, Chunfeng, Liyu Xie, Kangqian Xu, Songtao Xue, Can Jiang, Guochun Wan, and Tao Ding. "Transverse deformation effect on sensitivity of strain-sensing patch antenna." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 155014772090819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720908192.

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The strain sensor based on microwave patch antenna is proposed to monitor structural strain in structural health monitoring. When patch antenna experiences deformation, the resonant frequency of patch antenna will shift. With these characteristics, the patch antenna can operate as both the strain-sensing element and communication component. This article chooses an RT-5880 rectangular patch antenna for strain measurement, focusing on its sensing performance. For distinguishing the influence of deformation in the antenna’s length direction and width direction, the numerical simulation is implemented, and then two kinds of laboratory experiments are conducted. The first approach is to paste antennas in longitudinal and transverse ways and solve the equation set. The other approach is to design another patch antenna with narrow width and compare the test results with the wide one. All results show that the influence of deformation in wide direction on sensitivity can be neglected, and the resonant frequency shift has a good linear relationship with the strain of antenna in length direction.

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Kumar, Somesh, and Ms Monika. "Study of Effect of Variations in slot dimensions on Fractal Patch antenna Performance." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 1 (June 23, 2013): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v5i1.4385.

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An antenna is a device that is made to efficiently radiate and receive radiated Electromagnetic waves. Microstrip antennas are attractive due to their light weight, conformability and low cost. These antennas can be integrated with printed strip-line feed networks and active devices. This is a relatively new area of antenna engineering. For reducing the size of antenna, fractal geometries have been introduced in the design of patch antenna. Fractal antennas also called as space filling curves are very compact, multiband or wideband, and have useful applications in cellular telephone and microwave communications. In our research work, we have used IE3D software for designing the antenna. We study the effect of variations of slot dimensions on antenna performance so as to obtain good results. In this research work, four different fractal patch antennas are designed. The rectangular base geometry is same for the all four antennas but the elliptical slot dimensions differ. In simulation, S parameters of all four antennas are analyzed. From the S parameter displays, comparison of all four antennas is done on the basis of three parameters that are: Lowest frequency, Multiband and S11 values. The simulation results shows that as the elliptical slot dimension decreases on rectangular patch antenna, the performance of fractal patch antenna improves on the basis of three factors that are lowest frequency, multiband and s11 values.

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Ahmed, Kawan F., and Rawaz H. Abdullah. "Design and Simulation of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 3 (August 27, 2017): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.3.27.

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In this paper two rectangular microstrip patch antennas are designed to operate in and bands, using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio. The designed antenna can be used for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band applications. The RO4350B hydrocarbon ceramic laminates from ROGRES corporation substrate is chosen in the design of the dielectric substrate of the antennas. The designed antenna has low profile, low cost, easy fabrication and good isolation. The parameters such as return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), antenna gain, radiation pattern has been simulated and analyzed.

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Gençoğlan, Duygu Nazan, Mustafa Turan Arslan, Şule Çolak, and Esen Yildirim. "Ultra-Wideband (UWB) characteristic estimation of elliptic patch antenna based on machine learning techniques." Frequenz 74, no. 9-10 (September 25, 2020): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2019-0210.

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AbstractIn this study, estimation of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) characteristics of microstrip elliptic patch antenna is investigated by means of k-nearest neighborhood algorithm. A total of 16,940 antennas are simulated by changing antenna dimensions and substrate material. Antennas are examined by observing Return Loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) characteristics. In the study, classification of antennas in terms of having UWB characteristics results in accuracies higher than 97%. Additionally, Consistency based Feature Selection method is applied to eliminate redundant and irrelevant features. This method yields that substrate material does not affect the UWB characteristics of the antenna. Classification process is repeated for the reduced feature set, reaching to 97.44% accuracy rate. This result is validated by 854 antennas, which are not included in the original antenna set. Antennas are designed for seven different substrate materials keeping all other parameters constant. Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST MWS) is used for the design and simulation of the antennas.

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Vollbracht, D. "Understanding and optimizing microstrip patch antenna cross polarization radiation on element level for demanding phased array antennas in weather radar applications." Advances in Radio Science 13 (November 3, 2015): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-251-2015.

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Abstract. The antenna cross polarization suppression (CPS) is of significant importance for the accurate calculation of polarimetric weather radar moments. State-of-the-art reflector antennas fulfill these requirements, but phased array antennas are changing their CPS during the main beam shift, off-broadside direction. Since the cross polarization (x-pol) of the array pattern is affected by the x-pol element factor, the single antenna element should be designed for maximum CPS, not only at broadside, but also for the complete angular electronic scan (e-scan) range of the phased array antenna main beam positions. Different methods for reducing the x-pol radiation from microstrip patch antenna elements, available from literature sources, are discussed and summarized. The potential x-pol sources from probe fed microstrip patch antennas are investigated. Due to the lack of literature references, circular and square shaped X-Band radiators are compared in their x-pol performance and the microstrip patch antenna size variation was analyzed for improved x-pol pattern. Furthermore, the most promising technique for the reduction of x-pol radiation, namely "differential feeding with two RF signals 180° out of phase", is compared to single fed patch antennas and thoroughly investigated for phased array applications with simulation results from CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST MWS). A new explanation for the excellent port isolation of dual linear polarized and differential fed patch antennas is given graphically. The antenna radiation pattern from single fed and differential fed microstrip patch antennas are analyzed and the shapes of the x-pol patterns are discussed with the well-known cavity model. Moreover, two new visual based electromagnetic approaches for the explanation of the x-pol generation will be given: the field line approach and the surface current distribution approach provide new insight in understanding the generation of x-pol component in microstrip patch antenna radiation patterns.

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Kumar, P., and J. L. Masa-Campos. "Dual Polarized Monopole Patch Antennas for UWB Applications with Elimination of WLAN Signals." Advanced Electromagnetics 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v5i1.305.

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This paper presents the design, fabrication and measurement of dual polarized microstrip patch antennas for ultra wideband (UWB) applications with notch at 5-6 GHz band. The proposed antenna rejects the wireless local area network (WLAN) signals and work properly in the entire remaining ultra-wideband. Two antennas are designed for two different frequency bands of ultra wideband and both antennas together produce the entire ultra wideband with notch at 5-6 GHz band. The antennas are fed by a 50 coaxial probe and the entire design is optimized using CST Microwave Studio. The bandwidth of 3.1-5 GHz is achieved by the optimized design of Antenna-1 and the bandwidth of 6 -10.6 GHz is achieved by the optimized design of Antenna-2. The bandwidth of the optimized combined antenna is 3.1-10.6 GHz with elimination of the 5-6 GHz band. Both antennas are simulated, developed and measured. The simulated and measured results are presented. The two designed dual polarized antennas i.e. Antenna-1 and Antenna-2 can be used for 3.1-5 GHz band and 6-10.6 GHz band dual polarized applications, respectively, and the combined antenna structure can be used for UWB dual polarized applications with elimination of 5-6 GHz band signals.

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Lakrit, Soufian, Hassan Ammor, Soufiane Matah, Jaouad Terhzaz, and Abdelouahd Tribak. "Study and Design of Single and Double Layer Square Patch Antennas for UWB Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 14 (February 18, 2019): 1950233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619502335.

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This paper presents the design of Single and Double Layer microstrip patch antennas for ultra-wideband applications. This structure consists of a square patch with a partial ground plane, fed by a 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] microstrip line. This antenna is designed for a system to detect malignant tumors by microwave imaging. Prototypes of the two antennas are fabricated and tested with a network analyzer. The proposed antenna can achieve an ultra-wide bandwidth with VSWR[Formula: see text]2 from 3.82[Formula: see text]GHz to 11.72[Formula: see text]GHz for single layer antenna and from 3.2[Formula: see text]GHz to 10.95[Formula: see text]GHz for double layer antenna, with stable and bi-directional radiation pattern. The gain is good and has a peak value of 6.5[Formula: see text]dBi. The simulation of this antenna has been performed using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and Computer Simulation Technology-Microwave Studio (CST).

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Lee, Sang-Eui, Seong Pil Choi, Kyung-Sub Oh, Jaehwan Kim, Sang Min Lee, and Kang Rae Cho. "Flexible Magnetic Polymer Composite Substrate with Ba1.5Sr1.5Z Hexaferrite Particles of VHF/Low UHF Patch Antennas for UAVs and Medical Implant Devices." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13041021.

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Our goal is to fabricate flexible magnetic polymer composites as antenna substrates for very high frequency (VHF)/low ultra high frequency (UHF) antennas for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and medical devices. Magnetodielectric materials, which have permeability (μ) similar to permittivity (ε), have attracted great attention, because they facilitate miniaturization of microwave devices while keeping or enhancing electromagnetic characteristics. Mechanically millled Ba1.5Sr1.5Co2Fe24O41 (Ba1.5Sr1.5Z) hexaferrite particles were used to increase permeability in the interesting frequency band. The microwave properties of Ba1.5Sr1.5Z composites were predicted and measured. Hansen’s zero-order analysis of antenna bandwidth and electromagnetic field simulation showed that the hexaferrite-based flexible composite could enhance a bandwidth and achieve the miniaturization of antennas as well. The magnetic antenna substrates can be a good solution to integrate antennas into the UAVs whose dimensions are comparable to or larger than communication wavelength.

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Venu Madhav, P., and Dr M SivaGanga Prasad. "Topology Optimization of Dual Octagonal Array antenna for low frequency applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.17 (April 15, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.17.11552.

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Objectives: Efficient antenna design for use in communication systems is altering the face of the antenna modeling. The ever-increasing demand for portable and efficient antennas is making researchers to develop innovative models [1] using advanced antenna modeling tools that comply with industrial needs and standards. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Antennas with lower operating frequencies have the major constraints on its size, efficiency and gain. Study on matching techniques, feeding techniques was also to be considered.Findings: Micro strip patch antennas offers considerable amount of radiation, low cost when fabricated on FR4, light weight and are conformable to suite any application. This paper projects the design, simulation and testing of a dual octagonal patch, the topology algorithm [3] is used to optimize the size and shape of the patch where octagons are spaced in the form of an array to address optimization on size and fits into wireless applications. Application/Improvements: The proposed model is tested in the standard antenna test bench comprising of microwave integrated circuit analyzer receiver MIC10kit and found to operate at a resonant frequency of 1.8 GHz with good radiation characteristics.

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Abraham, Jacob, and Kannadhasan Suriyan. "Analysis of Tripleband Single Layer Proximity Fed 2x2 Microstrip Patch Array Antenna." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 13, no. 7 (September 30, 2022): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.13.7.1.

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Microstrip patch antennas that are multiband and downsized are required to suit the high demand of modern wireless applications. To meet this need, a one-of-a-kind triple band array antenna has been proposed. The proposed 2x2 microstrip patch array, which comprises of four hexagon-shaped radiating patches are electromagnetically excited by a centrally positioned microstrip feed line in the same plane along with a slotted ground plane, is investigated. CST Microwave Studio, a powerful 3D electromagnetic analysis programme, was used to design and optimize the array antennas. The 2x2 array antenna was constructed on a FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3, a loss tangent of 0.001, and a height of 1.6mm. To optimize energy coupling from the feed line to the radiating patches, the ground plane has an H-shaped groove cut into it. The suggested 2x2 array antenna's multi- frequency behaviour is shown. Three resonant peaks were detected at 1.891GHz, 2.755GHz, and 3.052GHz. The observed bandwidths for these resonances are 234MHz, 69MHz, and 75MHz, respectively, with measured gains of 7.57dBi, 6.73dBi, and 5.76dBi. The goal of this work is to design, build, and test a single layer proximity fed array antenna. Standard proximity fed array antennas contain two substrate layers; however this array antenna has only one. As a consequence, the impedance matching and alignment are better. Simulated and experimental results showed that the this 2x2 array antenna operates in various important commercial bands, such as L and S bands and the array antenna might be beneficial for a wide range of wireless applications. The proposed antenna has good Impedance, S11, and radiation qualities at resonant frequencies. In this work, the 2x2 array antenna with hexagon-shaped radiating patches was successfully created utilizing the single layer proximity fed antenna concept and gap coupled parasitic patches.

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Erat, Abdurrahim. "Design and Analysis of A Microwave Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) for Wireless Communication Applications." Academic Perspective Procedia 2, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.02.03.78.

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This paper presents the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna (MPA) which is modeled by placing several rectangular copper layer with conductive characteristics on a substrate material with dielectric constant 3.0 and 22x18x1 mm3 geometry. This microstrip path was designed with copper material which had a very thin thickness for patch and ground. In this study, a change in resonance frequency and return loss characteristics were observed for several substrate thickness values. The radiation characteristics of the single and dual band microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are analysed in the frequency range of 5 &ndash; 25 GHz. The microstrip patch antenna (MPA) radiate at a frequency of 15.32 GHz with -45 dB return loss. For the designed single and dual band MPA design, some electromagnetic properties such as return loss, surface current and radiation patterns were simulated. The characteristic of goods and chattels of the proposed antenna are analyzed by using the software CST Microwave Studio.

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Karimbu Vallappil, Arshad, Bilal A. Khawaja, Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim, Muhammad Naeem Iqbal, and Hassan T. Chattha. "Metamaterial-Inspired Electrically Compact Triangular Antennas Loaded with CSRR and 3 × 3 Cross-Slots for 5G Indoor Distributed Antenna Systems." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020198.

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In this article, two distinct kinds of metamaterial (MTM) antennas are proposed for fifth-generation (5G) indoor distributed antenna systems (IDAS). Both antennas operate in the sub-6 GHz 5G band, i.e., 3.5 GHz. The antenna’s radiating structure is based on a combination of triangular and rectangular patches, as well as two complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR) unit-cells etched on the top layer. The bottom layer of the first MTM antenna is a complete ground plane, while the bottom layer of the second MTM antenna is etched by a 3 × 3 cross-slot MTM structure on the ground plane. The use of these structures on the ground plane improves the antenna bandwidth. The proposed antennas are designed using two different substrates i.e., a high-end Rogers thermoset microwave materials (TMM4) substrate (h = 1.524 mm/εr = 4.5/tan δ = 0.002) and a low-end flame-resistant (FR4) epoxy glass substrate (h = 1.6 mm/εr = 4.3/tan δ = 0.025), respectively. The antenna designs are simulated using CST microwave studio, and in the end, the antenna fabrication is performed using FR4 substrate, and the results are compared. Furthermore, parametric analysis and comparative studies are carried out to investigate the performance of the designed antennas. The simulated and measured results are presented for various parameters such as return-loss, gain, and radiation pattern. The two MTM antennas have an overall dimension of 18 × 34 mm2, demonstrating that the proposed design is 60 percent smaller than a standard microstrip patch antenna (MPA). The two proposed MTM antenna designs with complete ground plane and 3 × 3 cross-slot MTM on the bottom layer using FR4 substrate have a measured gain/bandwidth characteristic of 100 MHz/2.6 dBi and 700 MHz/2.3 dBi, respectively.

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Wijayanto, Yusuf Nur, Hiroshi Murata, and Yasuyuki Okamura. "Optical Modulator Using Channel Optical Waveguides and Planar Patch-Antennas with Gaps." Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 15, no. 2 (June 29, 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v15.50-54.

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Optical modulator using channel optical waveguides and planar patch-antennas with gaps on ferroelectric optical crystals were proposed. Basic operations for receiving a wireless microwave signal and directly converting it to a lightwave signal were demonstrated successfully using a prototype device with simple and compact structure. These devices operate with no external power supply and no additional modulation electrode. Therefore the microwave-lightwave conversion with low microwave distortion can be obtained. The advanced microwave-lightwave converters using patch-antennas with a pair of narrow gaps and their applications are also discussed

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Ahmed, Yasir, Yang Hao, and Clive Parini. "A 31.5 GHz Patch Antenna Design for Medical Implants." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2008 (2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/167980.

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We have proposed a 31.5 GHz patch antenna for medical implants. The design is based on the transmission line model and is simulated in CST. The patch antenna performs reasonably well in terms of return loss and radiation efficiency. However, the most attractive feature of this design is its form factor. Typical antennas designed for the microwave range are quite large in size, which makes them unsuitable for implants. The proposed design is much smaller in size but still retains the essential characteristics for reliable communication.

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Jyothi, K. D., P. Bala Srinivas, and S. Kumar. "A Soft Computing Techniques Analysis for Planar Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Communications." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100310.

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The use of neural-network computational modules for radio frequency and microwave modelling and design has lately gained popularity as an uncommon but useful technique for this type of modelling and design. It is possible to train neural networks to study the behaviour of active and passive mechanisms and circuits. In this study, technologists will learn about what neural networks are and how they can be used to model microstrip patch antennas. An artificial neural network is used in this work to investigate in depth several designs and analysis methodologies for microstrip patch antennas. Various network structures are also discussed in this study for wireless communications. Microstrip antenna design has been presented and the use of ANN in microstrip antenna design are also shown in this article.

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Elajoumi, S., A. Tajmouati, A. Errkik, Am Sanchez, and M. Latrach. "Microstrip Rectangular Monopole Antennas with Defected Ground for UWB Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp2027-2035.

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This paper presents the design of new compact antennas for ultra wide band applications. Each antenna consists of a rectangular patch fed by 50Ω microstrip transmission line and the ground element is a defected ground structure (DGS). The aim of this study is to improve the bandwidth of these antennas by using DGS and the modification geometry of rectangular structure, which gives new compact antennas for UWB applications. The input impedance bandwidth of the antennas with S11<-10dB is more than 10GHz, from 3GHz to more than 14 GHz. The proposed antennas are investigated and optimized by using CST microwave studio, they are validated by using another electromagnetic solver Ansoft HFSS. The measured parameters present good agreement with simulation. The final antenna structures offer excellent performances for UWB system.

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Kaur, Amandeep, and Amandeep Kaur. "Microstrip patch antenna performance analysis with Defected Ground structures: A review." International Journal of Intelligent Communication, Computing and Networks 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51735/ijiccn/001/08.

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Over last few decades, wireless communication system has sought more attention and plays predominant role in different areas for human personal and commercial applications. Day by day, with advancements in technology, wireless gadgets got more compact due to microelectronics fabrication and integration techniques. So, such applications put great demand over new design specifications on antenna structures used in transmitter and receiver for radio wave communication. In wireless applications depending upon, frequency bands and bandwidth requirements numerous compact antenna structures are used with improved efficiency. Microstrip patch antennas are highly regarded due to its compact size, easy integration with microwave circuits. In study of patch antenna, Defected Ground structures gain popularity these days due to its various benefits to enhance antenna performance. This research article, provides extensive literature survey over use of Defected Ground Structures (DGS) in microstrip patch antenna with its design consequences. This article also explores the enhancement in antenna parameters with implementation of DGS’s. DGS concept is used in microstrip patch antenna and microwave engineering for performance improvement of these devices. DGS can be merged with other techniques to enhance antenna operational parameters like gain, bandwidth, VSWR and spurious radiations.

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Xiong, Zhao Xian, Guo Feng Zhang, Hao Xue, Jin Bao Huang, Qiang Zheng, and Bai Qiang You. "Dielectric Properties and Microstrip Patch Antenna Performances of 0.95MgTiO₃-0.05CaTiO₃ Microwave Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.64.

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τMicrowave dielectric properties of 0.95MgTiO3-0.05CaTiO3 ceramics and their performances as H-shaped microstrip patch antenna were investigated. Best values of dielectric constant (εr) and quality factor (Q×f) of 19.00 and 66800GHz, respectively, were obtained for the microwave ceramics sintered at 1300°C for 3h. A near-zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of -4.7ppm/°C was obtained for the ceramics with sintering 1280°C for 3h. A new kind of H-shaped microstrip patch antenna with two resonant frequencies was fabricated by using of this kind of ceramics as antenna substrate. The return loss bandwidth of the patch antenna was extended with the increasing of substrate thickness at both resonant frequencies of the antennas, around 1.530GHz and 2.750GHz, respectively.

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Kang, Seonghun, and Chang Won Jung. "Dual Band and Beam-Steering Antennas Using Reconfigurable Feed on Sierpinski Structure." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/492710.

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Fractal patch antennas based on the Sierpinski structure are studied in this paper. The antennas operate at dual bands (around 2 and 5 GHz) and are designed to steer the beam directions at around 5 GHz band (the first harmonic). The antennas use reconfigurable triple feeds on the same antenna plane to have three beam directions. The same scale factor defines the geometrical self-similarity of the Sierpinski fractal. The proposed antennas are fabricated through three iterations from 1st order to 3rd order and utilize FR-4 (εr= 4.4) for the microwave substrate. The performances of the antennas, such as reflection coefficients and radiation patterns are verified by simulation and measurement. The results show that the properties of the proposed antennas in three orders are similar.

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Ferdous, Nayla, Goh Chin Hock, Saidatul Hamidah A. Hamid, Mohamad Nazri Abdul Raman, Tiong Sieh Kiong, and Mahamod Ismail. "Different Structural Modification Methods of the Patch for Reducing the Size of An Microstrip Patch Antenna." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.1 (September 12, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.1.28231.

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The aim of this paper is to present a simulation and analysis of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with three different structural modifications to reduce the size of the antenna. We have tried to decrease the size of the antenna by inducing three different shaped slits inside the patch of the antenna. All these models have been designed and analyzed using CST Microwave Studio software. For designing the antennas, Flame Retardant 4 (FR-4 lossy) has been used as the substrate material with a dielectric constant of Ԑr=4.3. The antenna works at the frequency of 2.4 GHz. Performance characteristics such as return loss S11 parameter<-10 dB, directivity, side lobe level, gain and bandwidth of each of the modified designs are obtained and compared with the original design. We were able to reduce the size by maximum 18% and minimum 7% by only inducing the slits, while maintain the performance.

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Gupta, Lavesh, and Arun Dev Dhar Dwivedi. "Suppression of Mutual Coupling Between Two Microstrip Patch Antennas using a Sophisticated Non-Linear DGS Structure for High Frequency Wave Applications." Law, State and Telecommunications Review 10, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v10i1.21505.

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Purpose – If the two or more than two antennas are present in the antenna array, the mutual coupling between them becomes a critical issue to deal with. At microwave frequency, microstrip design is often used as a transmission line because of its good performance in transferring the energy and microwave signals. Most commonly used microstrip antenna has similar structure as that of the microstrip line. On one side of dielectric substrate layer, is an extremely thin layer of conductor that forms the radiating elements and on bottom side is the ground plane made up of metallic material. Our main motive is to maintain mutual coupling suppressing structure to its simplest form. Methodology/approach/design – We therefore use a Defected Ground Structure (DGS), which greatly decreases the mutual coupling between the two antennas, thus enhancing the performance of the antenna array. Findings – The introduction of the DGS does not affect the characteristics of antenna array system. The Simulation is done using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software and the results are tested using Vector Network Analyzer. Both the simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The coupling has been reduced from -22 to -37 dB. The recent boom in wireless industry has led to the demand for the multiband antennas.

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Obukhovets, Victor. "Designing problems of antennas integrated with solar batteries." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193005009.

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Designing problems of microstrip antennas placed on the solar battery surface and using it as a substrate are considered. Computational models taking into account the elements of its costruction and parameters of solar battery were performed by means of ANSYS HFSS. A number of numerical experiments for several antenna models were fulfilled. The aim of them is to design microstrip antenna integrated with solar battery without decreasing of solar elements effectiveness. The results of numerical experiments for several projects of microwave radiators with solid or mesh surface of the patch are presented

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Ahmad, Mansoor, and Fazli A. Khalil. "Design and Fabrication of a 2.4 GHz Right Hand Circular Polarized Micro-Strip Patch Antenna." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 58, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-4)751.

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In this paper, we present a single feed circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna operating at 2.4 GHz WLAN frequency. A typical microstrip patch antenna is fabricated on a metal coated dielectric substrate where the metallic antenna patch is defined on the top of the substrate, whereas the bottom of the substrate acts as a ground plate. These antennas are typically used for civil and military communication purposes. Before fabrication, the presented antenna was first designed, simulated and optimized in CST Microwave studio. The circular polarization was achieved by perturbation of the edges, making the design optimization a bit challenging. The simulated and measured return loss of the proposed antenna is -27 dB and -13.34dB, respectively. Whereas, the gain came out to be 6 dB. The obtained results show that the presented antenna has the quality of right hand circular polarized antenna.

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Rao, Neeraj, and Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma. "Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using Sierpinski fractal-shaped EBG." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 6 (March 25, 2015): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000458.

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This is the first report on novel mushroom-type electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures, consisting of fractal periodic elements, used for enhancing the gain of microstrip patch antennas. Using CST Microwave studio the performance of rectangular patch antenna has been examined on proposed fractal EBG substrates. It is found that fractal EBGs are more effective in suppressing surface wave thus resulting in higher gain. The gain of rectangular patch has been improved from 6.88 to 10.67 dBi. The proposed fractal EBG will open new avenues for the design and development of variety of high-frequency components and devices with enhanced performance.

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Sateaa, Shahad Dhari, Maysam Sameer Hussein, Zainab Ghazi Faisal, Amany Mohammad Abood, and Huda Dhari Satea. "Design and simulation of dual-band rectangular microstrip patch array antenna for millimeter-wave." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i1.3336.

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Microstrip array antennas are essentially for radar and communications systems. They are used to get a needed pattern that cannot be realized with a single element. This paper aims to design and simulate of rectangular microstrip patch array antenna 1 patch (1×1), 2 patches (1×2), and 4 patches (1×4) and improve the performance results. The proposed antenna is simulated by using electromagnetic simulation, computer software technology Microwave studio (CST) printed on Rogers RT5880 (lossy) substrate with dielectric constant 2.2, 0.0009 loss tangent, and thickness 0.1 mm. The simulation results show that the small patch antenna size (1.57 mm × 2 mm) for three designs works at dual bandwidth. The major target of this work is to accomplish an unusual directivity with improved gain for three antenna array designs.

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AL-SHAHEEN, Ahmad Hashim. "GAIN AND BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF RECTANGULAR PATCH MICROSTRIP ANTENNA." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 34 (March 20, 2020): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n34.2020.536_p34_pgs_512_519.pdf.

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Microstrip antennas are very popular for sending and transmitting electromagnetic waves in many communication systems. The microstrip antenna has advantages and disadvantages, like any other antennas. There many benefits like low weight, low profile planar configuration, low costs of fabrication, and easy to connect with microwave circuits. The patch antenna is suited for applications, which are wireless communications systems, cellular phones, pagers, radar systems, and satellite communications systems. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated via HFSS. The antenna substrate, which is between the two conductors’ patch and ground plane, is Duroid of the dielectric constant of δr = 2.2 and tangent loss of tan δ = 0.0009, the dimensions are 20 mm for both length and width; the height is 1.5 mm. The patch of sizes is 16 mm and 15 mm for length and width, respectively. In this article the new technique has been introduced to enhance the gain and bandwidth of the rectangular patch microstrip antenna, a new technique is based on creating a patch as a monopole, the parametric study done by varying the parameter δ is the height of the patch concerning the substrate. The gain and bandwidth are increased when the angle between the patch edge and the substrate is increased. While the benefit increased for tilt angle up to 20° and then decreased smoothly with angle increased, the simulated results show a significant change in the gain and bandwidth comparison with traditional rectangular patch microstrip antenna. The results show an increasing tilt angle increased bandwidth and gain. This antenna can be used in the K band for wireless communication applications.

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Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Afiq, Norhudah Seman, and Tien Han Chua. "Microstrip antenna design with partial ground at frequencies above 20 GHz for 5G telecommunication systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1466-1473.

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This article presents the design of a microstrip patch antenna at different frequencies above 20 GHz that intended to be used for fifth generation (5G) telecommunication system. The design of microstrip patch antenna that has a radiating element with a rectangular shape and partial ground plane is proposed. The patch antenna is designed using a Rogers RT5880 substrate with dielectric constant, εr of 2.2. The results of the designed antenna design analyzed in terms of the reflection coefficient, bandwidth, gain, and directivity performance. The proposed patch antennas at design frequencies of 25.875 GHz, 38.75 GHz, 43 GHz, 46.25 GHz, 48.7 GHz, 51.5 GHz, 71 GHz, and 83.5 GHz have a fractional bandwidth, gain and directivity that respectively greater than 10.2 %, 2.159 dB and 2.562 dBi. All designs and analysis are performed by using the CST Microwave Studio software.

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R. Satarkar, Pandharinath, and Rajesh Basant Lohani. "Characterization of metamaterial based patch antenna for worldwide interoperability for microwave access application." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 2687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i5.4149.

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Electromagnetic metamaterial is an artificial material that is made up of different types of structural designs on dielectric substrates. In this paper a broad and elite investigation is being carried out by designing and simulating a metamaterial cell comprising a square split ring resonator with a copper wire strip etched on the ground plane to discover its some unusual parameters such as double negativity of cell which are naturally not found in other materials of nature. A course of action of these unit cells in a grouping shapes metamaterial. These metamaterial cells show exceptionally great applications in the design of microstrip patch antennas by improving their characteristics such as bandwidth, return loss, and gain. The proposed microstrip line feed patch antenna is designed at a 3.5 GHz resonance frequency useful for various worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The ground plane of a substrate of a patch antenna is loaded with a square split-ring resonator, the proposed antenna is fabricated to obtain experimental parameters. A conventional and proposed patch antenna is simulated, fabricated tested analysed, and reported for performance comparison of its parameters.

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Deng, Li, Shu-Fang Li, Ka-Leung Lau, and Quan Xue. "Vertical Meandering Approach for Antenna Size Reduction." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/980252.

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A novel vertical meandering technique to reduce the lateral size of a planar printed antenna is presented. It is implemented by dividing a conventional spiral patch into a different number of segments and placing them on different sides of the microwave substrate with vias as the connections. To confirm the validity of this technique, measured electrical performance and radiation characteristics of five antennas with different numbers of segments are compared. The smallest antenna is reduced in size by 84% when compared with the conventional printed spiral antenna.

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Saidulu, V. "Design a 900 Hybrid Feed Square Patch Stacked Antenna at 3GHz." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c2279.0210321.

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Microstrip antennas find wide applications in high-speed vehicles, and missiles, tanks, satellite communications etc. The main advantage of these antennas over conventional microwave antenna are lightweight, low volume, low cost, planar structure and compatibility with integrated circuits. The present paper deals with the design and development of 90o hybrid feed square patch stacked antenna. The design of square patch and 900 hybrid feed has been carried out at frequency of 3 GHz on epoxy glass substrate, the radiation pattern of the square patch has been experimentally studied. The effect of stacked patches placed above the square patch has been studied experimentally for different cases like 1,2,3 and 4 stacked patches placed one above other above the driven square patch. From the experimental result it has been found that performance of the case of 1 + 2 (one driven element and two parasitic element) is optimum with bandwidth of 16 % and VSWR 1.42 the performance degrades the no of practical elements is increased that is for case 1 + 3 and 1 + 4 etc., The performance of 1 + 2 case of also found to be superior to the performance 1+ 0 and 1+1 cases experimentally studied, also been carried out for cross Polarization and co – polarization.

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Suriyan, Kannadhasan, and Nagarajan Ramaingam. "Microstrip patch antenna review on various parameters, methods and its applications." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v12i1.pp32-37.

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The implementations of the microstrip patch antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) are analysed in the literature in this research. Dual or multiband antenna has played a significant part in meeting the expectations of wireless service in this quickly developing world of wireless communication. Basically, a transitory guide, an antenna is a device that emits or absorbs radio waves. Numerous benefits exist for microstrip patch antennas, including affordability, portability, simplicity of construction, and compatibility with integrated circuits. This has several important uses in the military, radar, mobile communications, global positioning system (GPS), remote sensing, and more. In mobile devices like portable computers and smart phones, WLAN and WiMAX are often used.

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Ksiksi, M. A., M. K. Azizi, H. Ajlani, and A. Gharsallah. "A Graphene based Frequency Reconfigurable Square Patch Antenna for Telecommunication Systems." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 4846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3061.

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Current research on tunable patch antennas for wireless applications has mostly focused on the dimensional variations of patch elements, such as geometry and substrate materials, using different techniques to achieve the reconfiguration. The use of different mixing materials to ensure reconfiguration and improvement of antenna performance in microwave frequencies has not yet been studied thoroughly. In this article, we consider graphene as a patch material, due to its unique chemical, mechanical, electronic, thermal and optical features, which assist in providing a highly flexible and adaptive antenna. The proposed antenna is a square plate excited by a coaxial probe, operating at a 2.45GHz spectrum. Adding graphene to the antenna structure and tuning its chemical potential, a frequency reconfiguration from 2.36GHz to 1.26GHz is obtained. This antenna can be deployed in many communication systems. Results demonstrate the importance of this material in the development of nanoelectronics in the future.

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Edward, Nurhasniza, Lavanya Paramasivam, Zahriladha Zakaria, and Amyrul Azuan Mohd Bahar. "Investigation of microwave sensor and integrate with polydimethylsiloxane for medical imaging application." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp949-956.

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The small-sized wideband antenna is one of the antennas used in the medical field to detect body tissue. The antenna's direct contact with the human body causes reflected signal due to the high body coupling, and the narrower bandwidth tends to reduce the data transfer rate in transmission. Therefore, this paper aims to design a wideband antenna with wearable properties operated in the frequency range of 3 GHz to 6 GHz. The antenna is designed with a rectangular-shaped patch with notches and the t-slot shaped partial slot ground. The connected speech test (CST) studio suite software is used to design and optimize the miniature antenna, which measures 24 mm (W) x 38 mm (L) x 0.168 mm (H). The antenna is then embedded with polydimethylsilixane (PDMS) at the top half of the antenna with the dimension 24 mm (W) x 19 mm (L) x 1 mm (H) and also fully occupied. The antenna is configured with the bending capabilities to adapt the human body surface at an angle of 30º. The antenna is having the benefits of small size, cost-effective, and easy to fabricate. The antenna design can effectively detect unusual body tissue, and it safe to be used.

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Kumar, Pramod, Santanu Dwari, Shailendra Singh, Ashok Kumar, N. K. Agrawal, and Utkarsh Kumar. "Analysis and Optimization of Conformal Patch Excited Wideband DRA of Several Shapes." Frequenz 72, no. 5-6 (April 25, 2018): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2017-0039.

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AbstractIn this paper various shapes of DR antennas excited by common feed have been proposed and successfully implemented for wideband applications. Proposed structures are Hemispherical, Arrow-shaped and Triangular DRA, while common excited feed is inverted trapezoidal conformal patch. These shapes of DR offer significant optimization in several parameters such as impedance bandwidth, peak gain and bandwidth per unit volume of the antenna. By using inverted trapezoidal patch feed mechanism an impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2) of about 63 % for hemispherical shape, 66 % for arrow shape, and 72 % for triangular shape DRA has been achieved with maximum bandwidth per unit volume. Proposed wideband DRAs i. e. triangular, hemispherical, and arrow shapes of DR antennas cover almost complete C-band (4 GHz–8 GHz) frequency spectrum of microwave. The average peak gain within the operating band for hemispherical, arrow, and triangular shape DRA are about 5, 5.4, and 5.5 dB respectively. A comparative analysis of proposed structures for various antenna parameters has been analyzed by HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator) and validated by experimental results.

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Nghaimesh, ِAbeer Khalid, Ali Khalid Jassim, and Waleed Khalid Abid Ali. "Design and analysis several band antenna for wireless communication." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i1.4238.

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This article describes the construction of a dual-band planar monopole antenna. A microstrip patch antenna with a feedline impedance of 50 ohm and a patch composed of G-shaped and inverted L-shaped strips is used to make the suggested antenna ultra wideband for frequencies ranging from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. In order to design the antennas, we need to know the dimensions 40x40x1.6 mm3 and the thickness of the ground plane (0.035 mm) (5.2 GHz). There is a method of altering the present distribution by introducing slots. the proposed worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and wireless local area network (WLAN) bands, with a peak gain of 5.2% and an omnidirectional radiation pattern, suitable for ultra wide band (UWB) were shown to be viable.

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39

Abdullah, Huda, Wan Nasarudin Wan Jalal, Mohd Syafiq Zulfakar, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Badariah Bais, Sahbudin Shaari, and Sarada Idris. "Fabrication and Characterization of TiO₂-Doped ZnAl₂O₄ Nanocrystals via Sol-Gel Method for GPS Antenna." Materials Science Forum 846 (March 2016): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.846.331.

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The Zn(1-x)TixAl2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.15 & 0.25) nanocrystals thin films were prepared by sol-gel method. The properties of Zn(1-x)TixAl2O4 were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and (UV-Vis). By indexing the XRD patterns, we identified three structural types which is ZnAl2O4, anatase and rutile. The addition of TiO2 increased the crystallite size from 14.65 to 25.25 nm. The direct band gap was found to be around 3.35 to 3.84 eV. The addition of TiO2 increased the crystallite size, surface roughness, and lattice parameters of the resultant films, evidently affecting their density and dielectric constant (). The thin films were characterized in the certain frequency to determine the using LCR spectrometer. The and density value of the Zn(1-x)TixAl2O4 films increase linearly from 8.56 to 13.48 and 4.60 to 4.70 g/cm3 with the increasing of x value, respectively. Based on the material analysis and microwave antenna theory, GPS patch antennas were fabricated using the Zn(1-x)TixAl2O4 material. The fabricated GPS antenna with the highest (13.48) material exhibits the smallest size of antenna which is 7.45 cm2. The performances and the operating frequencies were measured using a PNA series network analyzer. The result showed that all patch antennas operate at frequency of 1.570 GHz. The GPS patch antenna fabricated from Zn0.25Ti0.75Al2O4 showed an excellent combination of return loss (-29.6 dB), smallest size (7.85 cm2), and wide bandwidth (195 MHz). All fabricated antennas are meets the requirements of GPS applications.

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Palanisamy, Satheeshkumar, Balakumaran Thangaraju, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf, Youseef Alotaibi, Saleh Alghamdi, and Fawaz Alassery. "A Novel Approach of Design and Analysis of a Hexagonal Fractal Antenna Array (HFAA) for Next-Generation Wireless Communication." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 6204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196204.

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The study and exploration of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MMIMO) and millimeter-wave wireless access technology has been spurred by a shortage of bandwidth in the wireless communication sector. Massive MIMO, which combines antennas at the transmitter and receiver, is a key enabler technology for next-generation networks to enable exceptional spectrum and energy efficiency with simple processing techniques. For massive MIMOs, the lower band microwave or millimeter-wave band and the antenna are impeccably combined with RF transceivers. As a result, the 5G wireless communication antenna differs from traditional antennas in many ways. A new concept of the MIMO tri-band hexagonal antenna array is being introduced for next-generation cellular networks. With a total scaling dimension of 150 × 75 mm2, the structure consists of multiple hexagonal fractal antenna components at different corners of the patch. The radiating patch resonates at 2.55–2.75, 3.45–3.7, and 5.65–6.05 GHz (FR1 band) for better return loss (S11) of more than 15 dB in all three operating bands. The coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding technique and defective ground structure in the ground plane have been employed for effective impedance matching. The deviation of the main lobe of the radiation pattern is achieved using a two-element microstrip Taylor antenna array with series feeding, which also boosts the antenna array’s bandwidth and minimizes sidelobe. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated, and tested in far-field radiating conditions and generates tri-band S-parameters with sufficient separation and high-quality double-polarized radiation. The fabrication and testing of MIMO antennas were completed, where the measurement results matched the simulation results. In addition, the 5G smartphone antenna system requires a new, lightweight phased microwave antenna (μ-wave) with wide bandwidth and a fire extender. Because of its decent performance and compact architectures, the proposed smartphone antenna array architecture is a better entrant for upcoming 5G cellular implementations.

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WIJAYANTO, YUSUF NUR, HIROSHI MURATA, and YASUYUKI OKAMURA. "ELECTRO-OPTIC MICROWAVE-LIGHTWAVE CONVERTERS UTILIZING PATCH ANTENNAS WITH ORTHOGONAL GAPS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 21, no. 01 (March 2012): 1250001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863512500014.

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We propose a new electro-optic microwave-lightwave converter using two orthogonal optical waveguides and patch antennas embedded with two orthogonal gaps. Wireless microwave signals can be received, separated and converted directly to lightwave signals through optical modulation using the proposed device. This device operates with no external power supply and with low microwave distortion. In addition, it enables us to measure the magnitude, phase and polarization of the wireless signal simultaneously. Experimental demonstrations of the device were presented at the operation frequency of 26 GHz. The device can be applied for electromagnetic compatibility test in the radio-over-fiber link.

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42

Al-Joumayly, Mudar A., Suzette M. Aguilar, Nader Behdad, and Susan C. Hagness. "Dual-Band Miniaturized Patch Antennas for Microwave Breast Imaging." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9 (2010): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2010.2045871.

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Singh, Vivek, Brijesh Mishra, and Rajeev Singh. "Anchor shape gap coupled patch antenna for WiMAX and WLAN applications." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 263–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2017-0546.

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Purpose Purpose of this study is to design a compact gap coupled anchor shape patch antenna for wireless local area network/high performance radio local area network and worldwide interoperability for microwave access applications. Design/methodology/approach An anchor shape microstrip antenna is conceived, designed, simulated and measured. The anchor shape antenna is transformed to its rectangular equivalent by conserving the patch area. Modeling and simulation of the antenna is performed by Ansys high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) electromagnetic solver based on the concept of finite element method. The simulated results are experimentally verified by using Agilent E5071C vector network analyzer. Theoretical analysis of an electromagnetically gap coupled anchor shape microstrip patch antenna has been performed by obtaining the lumped element equivalent of the transformed antenna. Findings The proposed antenna has a compact conducting patch of dimension 0.26λ × 0.12λ mm2 (λ is calculated at lower resonating frequency of 3.56 GHz) with impedance bandwidths of 100 and 140 MHz and antenna gains of 1.91 and 3.04 dB at lower resonating frequency of 3.56 GHz and upper resonating frequency of 5.4 GHz, with omni-directional radiation pattern. Originality/value In literature, one does not encounter anchor shape antenna using the concept of gap coupling and parasitic patches. The design has been optimized for wireless local area network/worldwide interoperability for microwave access applications with a relatively low patch area (291.12 mm2) as compared to other reported antennas for wireless local area network/worldwide interoperability for microwave access applications. Transformed antenna and the actual experimental antenna behavior varies, but the resonant frequencies of the transformed antenna as observed by theoretical analysis and simulated results (by high frequency structure simulator) are reasonably close, and the percentage difference between the resonant frequencies (both at lower and upper bands) is within the permissible limit of 1-2.5 per cent. Results confirm the theoretical proposition of transformation of shapes in antenna design, which allows a designer to adapt the design shape according to the application.

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Hamza, Aven Rawf, and Asaad M. Jassim Al-Hindawi. "The Effecting of Human Body on Slotted Monopole Antenna in Wearable Communications." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.02.03.

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In this paper, the characteristics of microstrip monopole antennas are studied firstly in free space. Secondly, the effects of the human body on the studied antenna's performance are investigated for wearable communications. Different patch shapes of microstrip monopole antenna are chosen to operate at two bands: industrial scientific and medical band (ISM) and ultra-wideband (UWB) for wearable applications. The studied antenna consists of a radiating element on one side of the substrate and a partial ground plane on the other side. The antenna is supposed to fabricate on cloth fabric whose relative dielectric constant is Ɛr =1.7. At the same time, the pure copper could be used as the conducting part representing both the radiating monopole and the partial ground plane. The software program of Computer Simulation Technology (CST) for Microwave Studio (MWS) is utilized to simulate the studied antennas. The obtained results have illustrated that in the free space, the proposed antennas of slotted hexagonal, rectangular, and circular shapes can operate from 2-12 GHz and of the bandwidth of 10.31 GHz, 10.19 GHz, and 9.67 GHz, respectively. The hexagonal antenna is selected and proposed to investigate the effects of the human body on its performance. The human body is simulated, and its effects on the performance of the proposed antenna are studied. The reflection coefficient, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), gain, and efficiency are found over that frequency range. The simulated results indicate that the human body effects are significant, and the proposed antenna showed to be a good candidate for wearable communications.

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Bist, Sunil, and Dr Rajveer Singh Yaduvanshi. "Investigations into Hybrid Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) Antenna." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2005): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v4i2b2.3306.

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Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) have received lots of attention in the last two decades due to several attractive characteristics such as high radiation efficiency, light weight, and low profile. There is also increasing challenges for the design of high bandwidth and multi-bands antennas which can be achieved using MHD Antennas for high speed and reconfigurable applications in wireless communication. In this work the objective is to design and develop a cylindrical MHD antenna with circular patch and two annular rings. Magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) Antenna is a Fluid based Antenna in which the fluid resonator provides excellent coupling of RF energy into fluid. Fluid resonator volume, chemical properties, electric field and magnetic fields are the factors of resonant frequency, gain and return loss. The proposed antenna shall be tuned in the wide band of frequency range between 7.9 â€“ 27 GHz. Simulations using HFSS and measurements have been carried out in respect of design prototype for â€˜Airâ€™ and BSTO (Barium Strontium Titanate Oxide) microwave fluid. The findings in this work that the Fluid Resonator based hybrid approach for antenna enhances the bandwidth by a large factor and annular rings with circular patch in proper geometry provides multiband operation. Variation in the volume of the fluid shifts the resonant frequency of the solid structure in the wideband. When magnetic field is applied, significant improvement has been noticed in return loss of the proposed antenna.

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Elajoumi, Saida, A. Tajmouati, J. Zbitou, A. Errkik, L. El Abdellaoui, and A. M. Sanchez. "Novel UWB Microstrip Antenna Structures with Defected Ground Structure." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp429-436.

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This paper presents the design of new compact printed antennas for Ultra Wide Band applications, fed with a microstrip-line. The proposed designs consist of a patch antenna with defected ground, which are fed by 50Ω microstrip transmission line. The frequency range is 3.1-10.6 GHz which is the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) band of UWB. The proposed antennas are easy for integration with microwave circuits. They are validated into simulation by using two electromagnetic solvers CST-MW and Ansoft HFSS. The simulated input impedance bandwidth ranging 3GHz to more than 14 GHz is obtained with return loss less -10dB, and exhibits good UWB characteristics. The measured parameters are good agreement with the simulation. Therefore these antennas offer excellent performance for UWB system.

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Syed, Avez, Muntasir Sheikh, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, and Hatem Rmili. "Metamaterial-Loaded 16-Printed Log Periodic Antenna Array for Microwave Imaging of Breast Tumor Detection." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (September 26, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4086499.

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This article presents printed log periodic antennas with metamaterials for use in microwave imaging. A single layer of epsilon negative (ENG) metamaterial (MTM) array (1 × 6) of the unit cell is on the radiating patch. Adding a single negative metamaterial structure enhances the properties of far-field antennas, such as radiation pattern and gain, both of which are vital for breast imaging. Two frequency bands exhibit negative permittivity: 3–3.3 GHz and 3.6–4.5 GHz. In the operating band, the proposed antennas have achieved a maximum gain of 5.5 dBi and impedance bandwidth of 3 GHz (2–5 GHz) with a reflection coefficient less than −10 dB. At the lowest operating frequency of 2 GHz, the electrical dimensions of this designed antenna are 0.34λ × 0.26λ × 0.01λ. All 16 transceiver antennas are arranged vertically in a circular pattern around the phantom, each acting as a transmitter and the rest as receivers. The system design is carried out with the electromagnetic simulators CST and HFSS. After receiving the extracted data, the data are postprocessed using the MATLAB software and the delay multiply and sum (DMAS) imaging algorithm. Based on the reconstructed image, it is evident that the MTM-loaded antenna-based imaging system can detect many undesired tumors inside the breast phantom.

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Deng, Li, and Shu Fang Li. "Miniaturization of a Wide-Band Planar Spiral Antenna by Adding Vias." Advanced Materials Research 459 (January 2012): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.459.79.

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A simple technique to reduce the lateral size of the wide-band planar spiral antenna is presented. It is implemented by dividing the conventional spiral patch into a different number of segments and placing them on different sides of the microwave substrate with vias as the connections. Two rectangle spiral shaped planar spiral antennas were fabricated and measured to demonstrate the capability of lowering the initial resonant frequency by adding connecting vias. According to results, the initial resonant frequency of the proposed antenna has been shifted from 2.4GHz to 1.6GHz; in other words, the antenna size can be reduced to 56%, approximately

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Subahir, S., M. T. Ali, Nurulazlina A. Ramli, Siti Nurhidayah Kamaruddin, A. H. Awang, and Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin. "Development of Rectangular Loop Microstrip Antenna Integrated with Light Emitting Diode (LED) for Wi-Fi Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.116.

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This paper presents the development of a rectangular loop microstrip patch antenna integrated with Light Emitting Diode (LED) for Wifi application. The objective to integrate with LED is to have dual applications in a device which illumination and also wireless communication. The antenna was designed at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and Computer Simulation Technology (CST) was used to optimized the position of LED within the rectangular loop antenna. The performances of the antenna in terms of return loss, gain and radiation pattern was verified through simulation by using Microwave Studio in CST. The antenna was fabricated on FR4 substrate with permittivity, εr =4.5 and thickness,h= 1.6mm. The LED integrated within the patch was conducted parallel and was measured by Vector Network Analyser (VNA) to demonstrate the capacity and potential of the antenna. The antennas are reasonably well matched at their corresponding frequency of operations between simulation and experiment.

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Herrmann, Paulo Sergio de Paula, Viktor Sydoruk, and Felipe Nieves Marques Porto. "Microwave Transmittance Technique Using Microstrip Patch Antennas, as a Non-Invasive Tool to Determine Soil Moisture in Rhizoboxes." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041166.

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Investigating the growth behavior of plant root systems as a function of soil water is considered an important information for the study of root physiology. A non-invasive tool based on electromagnetic wave transmittance in the microwave frequency range, operating close to 4.8 GHz, was developed using microstrip patch antennas to determine the volumetric moisture of soil in rhizoboxes. Antennas were placed on both sides of the rhizobox and, using a vector network analyzer, measured the S parameters. The dispersion parameter S21 (dB) was also used to show the effect of different soil types and temperature on the measurement. In addition, system sensitivity, reproducibility and repeatability were evaluated. The quantitative results of the soil moisture, measured in rhizoboxes, presented in this paper, demonstrate that the microwave technique using microstrip patch antennas is a reliable, non-invasive and accurate system, and has shown potentially promising applications for measurement of rhizobox-based root phenotyping.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microwave patch antennas'

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