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Journal articles on the topic 'Microwave digestion'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Oles, Philip J., and Wanda M. Graham. "Microwave Acid Digestion of Various Food Matrixes for Nutrient Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 5 (September 1, 1991): 812–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.5.812.

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Abstract Food matrixes were digested by treatment with nitric acidsulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixtures and heating with a commercially available microwave apparatus. The digests were analyzed for sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, calcium, zinc, copper, and manganese content by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A total of 3 digestion programs were adopted for a variety of food matrixes. Microwave digestion times of 30-45 mln were normally sufficient for obtaining clear digests compared to hot plate digestion times of 8-12 h. Precision for microwave digestion of most nutrients was equal to or better than that of hot plate digestion. Microwave digestion gave comparable results for the nutrient elements. National Institute of Standards and Technology reference materials were analyzed for nutrient content after microwave digestion and the results compared favorably with the certified values. A laboratory breakfast cereal control sample with a history of over 20 separate hot plate digestions was prepared using the microwave technique. Results for the 8 elements were within ±7% of the hot plate digestion values. Predlgestlon spikes were recovered from several food matrixes with no effects resulting from Incomplete digestion of samples.

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2

Smita, Kumari, Saurabh Kumar Singh, and Brajesh Kumar. "Rapid Microwave Digestion Procedures for the Elemental Analysis of Alloy and Slag Samples of Smelted Ocean Bed Polymetallic Nodules." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/151395.

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The use of microwave digester for digestion of alloy and slag samples of smelted ocean bed polymetallic nodules has permitted the complete digestion of samples, thereby replacing the tedious classical methods of digestion of samples. The digestion procedure includes two acid-closed digestions of samples in a microwave oven. Owing to the hazardous nature of perchloric acid, it was not used in developed digestion procedure. Digested sample solutions were analyzed for concentrations of various radicals and the effectiveness of the developed digestion methodology was tested using certified reference materials. It was found that the developed method is giving results comparable with that obtained from conventionally digested samples. In this digestion procedure, time required for digestion of samples was reduced to about 1 hour only from 8-9 hours of conventional digestion.

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3

Amarasiriwardena, Dula, Antoaneta Krushevska, and Ramon M. Barnes. "Microwave-Assisted Vapor-Phase Nitric Acid Digestion of Small Biological Samples for Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 6 (June 1998): 900–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981944463.

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The applicability of microwave-assisted, vapor-phase nitric acid digestion of small biological samples in closed-vessel microwave systems is examined for the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) determination of 10 elements (Al, As, Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Mo, Pb, and Zn). A 1.8 mL quartz sample container geometry was optimized for the successful decomposition of 50 to 90 mg of powdered biological samples. Microwave energy was efficiently coupled by addition of 250 μL of distilled deionized water to the sample. A single microwave-assisted, vapor-phase acid sample digestion was accomplished within 30 min (including cooling time) at ∼1200 psi pressure and 450 W microwave power in a commercial pressurized microwave decomposition (PMD) system. Multiple microwave-assisted, vapor-phase acid digestions were achieved at moderately high pressure (400 to 480 psi) and 230 °C with a second closed-vessel microwave apparatus. The results for 10 elements in biological standard reference materials agree well with the certified values.

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4

Légère, Guy, and Eric D. Salin. "Capsule-Based Microwave Digestion." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 4 (April 1995): 14A—22A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953964318.

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5

Chemat, Smain, Ahcene Lagha, Hamid Ait Amar, and Farid Chemat. "Ultrasound assisted microwave digestion." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4177(03)00128-7.

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6

Kroll, J., H. Rawel, and R. Kröck. "Microwave digestion of proteins." Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A 207, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050319.

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7

Bohdziewicz, Jolanta, Mariusz Kuglarz, and Klaudiusz Grűbel. "Influence of Microwave Pre-Treatment on the Digestion and Higienisation of Waste Activated Sludge/Wpływ Dezintegracji Mikrofalowej Na Proces Fermentacji Oraz Higienizacji Nadmiernych Osadów Ściekowych." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, no. 3 (October 1, 2014): 447–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0033.

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Abstract The article presents the results of determining the most appropriate conditions of microwave sludge pre-treatment (500-1200 W), prior to its anaerobic digestion in a continuous mode. The assessment of the pre-treatment conditions (microwave power, sludge temperature after pre-treatment) was based on: the release of organic (COD, protein) and inorganic (NH4+, PO43-) substances into liquid, the quantity of methane produced, sludge higienisation and the susceptibility of the pre-treated sludge to dewatering. The power of the microwaves applied did not play significant role on the pre-treatment effectiveness. Taking into account the fact that sludge pre-treatment by microwave irradiation requires the delivery of energy, the pre-treatment by microwaves of higher power (1200 W) and resulting in sludge temperature of 70°C was recommended for further experiments. Sludge pre-treatment by means of microwave irradiation as a pre-treatment step influenced the effectiveness of the subsequent anaerobic digestion, conducted in continuous conditions, in a positive way. The largest amount of biogas was obtained for HRT in the range of 15-20 days. As compared to the sludge which did not undergo pre-treatment, daily biogas production and biogas yield increased by 18-41% and 13-35% respectively. The combination of microwave pre-treatment and mesophilic anaerobic digestion ensured the elimination of pathogens (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli).

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8

Zhao, Ting, Ming Qiang Zhou, Wei Li Liu, Wei Huang, Jun Zhi He, Hai Tao Chi, and Xia Gao. "Determination of Elements in Carbon Fiber Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.767.

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Based on microwave digestion and dry digestion, the concentrations of Si, S, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Al, Mo, Sb, Ti, V, Y and Zn in carbon fiber were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Compare with the concentrations in the solution got by microwave digestion, the concentrations in the solution got by dry digestion are higher. And microwave digestion is more suitable for treatment of carbon fiber containing volatile elements than dry digestion.

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9

Eskicioglu, C., K. J. Kennedy, and R. L. Droste. "Initial examination of microwave pretreatment on primary, secondary and mixed sludges before and after anaerobic digestion." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 3 (February 1, 2008): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.010.

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The effects of microwave pretreatment on disintegration and mesophilic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS), primary sludge (PS), combined (PS + WAS) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) sludge and anaerobically digested biocake were investigated by both household and bench scale industrial types microwaves at temperatures below and above boiling point. Pretreatment variables, temperature, intensity (cooking rate) and sludge concentration had statistically significant effects on solubilization. The microwave pretreatment also increased the bioavailability of sludge components under batch anaerobic digestion and enhanced the dewaterability of pretreated sludges after digestion. However, the level of improvements in solubilization and biodegradation from different waste sludges were different. While the largest improvement in ultimate biodegradation was observed in WAS, microwave irradiation only affected the rate of biodegradation of pretreated PS samples. Similarly, relatively lower solubilization ratios achieved for combined - SBR sludge was attributed to high sludge age of extended aeration SBR unit. It is possible that initial sludge characteristics may influence final pretreatment outcomes so that general statements of performance cannot always be made.

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10

Tian, Yu, Ming Li, Aoxing Tang, Jay-Lin Jane, Sushil Dhital, and Boli Guo. "RS Content and eGI Value of Cooked Noodles (I): Effect of Cooking Methods." Foods 9, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9030328.

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Noodles are widely consumed in China, which can be cooked in different ways. The effects of different cooking methods (boiling, steaming, microwave heating, stir-frying and frying) on the resistance starch (RS) content and digestive properties (digestion rate, digestibility and estimated glycemic index (eGI) value) of noodles were investigated. The RS content was greatly affected by the cooking time, and it was varied when the noodles were optimally cooked using different cooking methods. The RS contents of the microwaved and stir-fried noodles were relatively high (0.59%–0.99%), but it was lower (0.43%–0.44%) in the boiled and steamed noodles. Microwaved noodles showed the slowest digestion rate and the lowest eGI. Due to the limited water within fried noodles, none RS was found in the fried noodles, whereas stir-fried noodles showed RS5 formation from the XRD and DSC results. Compared with boiled and steamed noodles, the microwaved noodles showed a more compact morphology without porous holes on the surface, whereas fried noodles showed irregular morphology. The results indicated that the digestive properties of noodles made with the same ingredients can be greatly altered by using different cooking methods, and the digestive properties of different cooked noodles are worthy of confirmation using in vivo analysis.

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11

Gao, Ling Ling, Ye Chen, Ning Wang, Shan Shan Liu, Yu Hui Wang, Fu You Ke, Chao Sheng Wang, and Hua Ping Wang. "Determination of Antimony in Recycled Polyester Fiber by ICP-OES with Different Pretreatment Methods." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1502.

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As consumer awareness of heavy metal content in textile increased, it is necessary to develop analytical methods that identify and quantify heavy metals. In order to comprehensively investigate the potential risks of antimony (Sb) in recycled polyester fiber to humans health, this study developed acid digestion method, with the condition that the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to hydrogen peroxide was 1, and digested at 200°Cfor 1.5h, which produced clear and colorless solutions.Currently, microwave and dry ashing are also common methods for digesting polyethylene terephthalate samples. Three pretreatment methods for determining the content of Sb in recycled polyester fibers was evaluated. Results showed that inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis of acid digested recycled polyester samples resulted in Sb content higher than for the microwave and dry ashing digestion methods which incompletely digest recycled polyester. Moreover, compared with microwave digestion and dry ashing, acid digestion had a low detection limit of 0.0116 ug/mL, a high spike recovery of 82% to 106% and the RSD value less than 2%, which indicates that the data was accurate and reproducible. Therefore, in this study, acid digestion - ICP-OES was an effective method for detecting the content of heavy metal Sb in recycled polyester.

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12

Pennington, H. Dale, Calvin R. Finch, Calvin C. Lyons, and Sara A. Littau. "Microwave Digestion of Plant Samples for Boron Analysis." HortScience 26, no. 12 (December 1991): 1496–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.12.1496.

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The closed vessel microwave procedure developed requires less than 2 hours to produce 12 digested 0.50-g samples ready for B analysis by plasma emission spectrometry. The predigestion procedure uses nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The predigested samples are then each microwaved for 2.25 minutes (12 samples, 27 minutes). With this procedure, B concentration levels are statistically the same as the value determined for dry ash-digested materials. Recovery levels of known quantities of B were above 989%. Boron and S concentrations could be obtained from the same plant digest. This method produced results for four samples each of citrus, tomato, and peach leaves with SD of 0.596, 0.824, and 0.350 μg B/g, respectively.

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13

McCarthy, Stephen L. "Microwave Digestion of Brewing Materials." Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 47, no. 4 (September 1989): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-47-0091.

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14

Gassara, Fatma, C. M. Ajila, Satinder K. Brar, R. D. Tyagi, M. Verma, and J. R. Valero. "Lignin analysis using microwave digestion." Biotechnology Letters 34, no. 10 (July 13, 2012): 1811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-012-0991-7.

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15

McCarthy, Helen T., and Christopher P. Ellis. "Comparison of Microwave Digestion with Conventional Wet Ashing and Dry Ashing Digestion for Analysis of Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, and Zinc in Shellfish by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 3 (May 1, 1991): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.3.566.

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Abstract A closed vessel microwave digestion procedure was developed for shellfish samples. This procedure was compared with wet and dry ash procedures for levels of lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc. Results obtained for microwave and conventional wet ash digestion were comparable. The dry ashing procedure produced results consistently lower than either of the other methods. Recoveries ranged from 80-92% for microwave and wet ashing procedures and 54- 72% for the dry ashing procedure. Accuracy was also determined by analyzing lobster hepatopancreas marine reference material. Values for Pb, Cd, and Cr fell within the range specified for the reference material for all 3 digestion procedures; however, values were lower for Cu and Zn. Results of this study show that microwave digestion is comparable to wet ashing.

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16

Schwank, Tobias, Katrin Pitzke, Krista Gusbeth, Kevin Ashley, and Dietmar Breuer. "Comparison of Microwave-Assisted Digestion and Consensus Open-Vessel Digestion Procedures for Evaluation of Metalliferous Airborne Particulate Matter." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 63, no. 8 (October 2019): 950–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz068.

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Abstract Metal occupational exposure limits mainly focus on total content of the respective metals of interest. The methods applied for trace metal analysis in occupational health and safety laboratories are usually standardized to pragmatic consensus digestion schemes, ensuring comparability of results. The objective of the present study entailed the evaluation of a recently developed HNO3-only microwave-assisted digestion procedure by comparison with the German consensus hot-block digestion and other national digestion schemes. An inter-laboratory comparison test with participation of nine national occupational health and safety laboratories from Europe and North America was organized. For adequate emulation of what workers are at risk of inhaling four different industrial metal processing workplace dusts (electronic recycling, high-speed steel grinding, cylinder head cleaning, and battery combustion ash) were homogenized and sieved to the particle size < 100 µm diameter at IFA. The participants were asked to process air sample-typical amounts according to the German hot-plate technique, the IFA microwave-assisted digestion scheme as well as their national or in-house conventional digestion method for airborne dust and analyze for Cd, Co, Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Recoveries (relative to consensus open-vessel digestion) obtained for the new IFA microwave-assisted digestion were between 88 and 114% and relative reproducibility standard deviations were <10% for most metals of interest. The in-house digestion procedures applied varied widely but (whether microwave, hot block, or open vessel) yielded comparable results for the predominantly elemental alloy type dusts supplied. Results become more diverse for the combustion dust, especially if a combination of microwave-assisted digestion procedures with high temperatures and hydrofluoric acid is applied. ISO 15202-2 is currently being revised; this digestion procedure will be included as a possible variant in annex 2.

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17

Ouyang, Xinping, Xiangzhen Huang, Tao Ruan, and Xueqing Qiu. "Microwave-assisted oxidative digestion of lignin with hydrogen peroxide for TOC and color removal." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 3 (December 29, 2014): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.535.

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Dilute lignin solution was successfully digested into colorless and clarified liquor under microwave-assisted oxidative digestion with hydrogen peroxide. High dosage of hydrogen peroxide is needed to effectively digest lignin, but excessive hydrogen peroxide may lead to recondensation of formed fragments in digested lignin. Microwave irradiation greatly facilitates the oxidative digestion of lignin. Compared with conventional heating technique, microwave-assisted digestion achieves the same or higher digestion rate within a shorter time and/or at lower temperature. After digestion, total organic carbon content of lignin solution decreases by 93.9%, and a small amount of aliphatic alkane, alcohol, acid and ester are formed via the cleavage of aromatic rings as well as the deprivation of side chains in original lignin. This work provides an alternative way to efficiently treat spent pulping liquor.

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18

Kennedy, Allan. "Combined Pressure-Cooker and Microwave Antigen Retrieval." Microscopy Today 6, no. 8 (October 1998): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500069212.

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The use of antigen retrieval techniques has been the foundation of the development of immunocytochemistry (ICC). After the pioneering work done on cryostat sections, the use of enzyme digestion made formalin-fixed archival and current material available for study by ICC. However, the relationship between the duration of fixation and the digestion time necessary for optimum results is a major drawback associated with enzyme digestion. The longer the tissue has been in fixative, the longer the required digestion time will be. Even after a standardised fixation time, some antigens require greatly extended digestion times. Whereas 10-15 minutes in trypsin may be a standard protocol after overnight fixation, immunoglobulin deposits in renal glomeruli may require 60-90 minutes.

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19

高, 婷. "Pretreatment of Soil Sample—Microwave Digestion." Advances in Environmental Protection 07, no. 02 (2017): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aep.2017.72025.

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20

Karanassios, Vassili, F. H. Li, B. Liu, and Eric D. Salin. "Rapid stopped-flow microwave digestion system." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 6, no. 6 (1991): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9910600457.

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21

Lamble, Kathryn J., and Steve J. Hill. "Microwave digestion procedures for environmental matrices." Analyst 123, no. 7 (1998): 103–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a800776d.

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22

Mao, X. C., T. L. Xiao, and J. Gu. "Calibration Method for Microwave Digestion System." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 223 (January 21, 2019): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/223/1/012051.

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23

Mincey, D. W., R. C. Williams, J. J. Giglio, G. A. Graves, and A. J. Pacella. "Temperature controlled microwave oven digestion system." Analytica Chimica Acta 264, no. 1 (July 1992): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(92)85301-l.

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24

Kokot, S., G. King, H. R. Keller, and D. L. Massart. "Microwave digestion: an analysis of procedures." Analytica Chimica Acta 259, no. 2 (April 1992): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(92)85376-h.

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25

Jiri, Janda, Sladek Petr, and Sas Daniel. "Microwave digestion of hardly dissoluble samples." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 290, no. 3 (July 24, 2011): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1355-9.

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26

Udayakumar, Sanjith, Norlia Baharun, and Sheikh Abdul Rezan. "Microwave-Assisted Acid Digestion of Malaysian Monazite for Determination of REEs Using ICP-MS." Key Engineering Materials 908 (January 28, 2022): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-s087r4.

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The objective of this study to investigate microwave-assisted digestion as a rapid sample preparation method for the determination of REEs in Malaysian monazite using Inductively Coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Finely powdered monazite (D90 < 75μm) was the raw material for the digestion and fusion procedures. In the Li-borate fusion method, the digestion was achieved by lithium tetraborate: metaborate flux (Li2B4O7: LiBO2) flux fusion followed by acid attack, using nitric acid (HNO3). The second method, the microwave-assisted digestion method, involved digestion of the monazite in a mixture of H2SO4, HNO3, and HF, followed by neutralization of the insoluble fluorides and complexation of residual HF. The concentrations of REEs, measured by both the methods, were in agreement with each other, except for the values of P and Si, which were slightly apart. Both the sample dissolution methods offer feasible means of quantifying REEs in the monazite sample, but only a combined microwave digestion-fusion technique yields complete quantitative data for monazite-type samples.

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27

Beszédes, Sándor, Zoltán Jákói, Balázs Lemmer, and Cecilia Hodúr. "Enhanced biodegradability of dairy sludge by microwave assisted alkaline and acidic pre-treatments." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 7, no. 1-2 (November 1, 2019): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2018.1-2.92-97.

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Considering the rapid, volumetric and selective heating effects of microwaves the microwave assisted chemical methods could provide appropriate alternatives for conventional thermal methods in sludge processing. Microwave irradiation alone is suitable to accelerate the hydrolysis stage of anaerobic decomposition of sludge resulted in accelerated biogas production rate and in higher biogas yield. Alkaline pre-treatments increase the organic matter solubility and suitable for disintegration of sludge particles. In some study are concluded that acidic conditions help the disintegration of waste activated sludge and assist in the solubilisation of carbohydrates and proteins which led to increased higher biogas production, as well. Beside the promising results related to effects of microwave pre-treatments on anaerobic digestion of sludge there are very few reports on the investigation of combined acidic/alkali-microwave pre-treatment method for food industry originated sludge. Hence, our study focused on the examination of the effects of combined microwave-alkali and microwave-acidic pre-treatment on aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of sludge produced in dairy industry Our experimental results verified, that microwave irradiation with alkaline dosage improve the solubility of organic matters in the pH range of 8-12. But enhancement of disintegration was not correlated linearly with biodegradability. During pre-treatment stage, applying pH over 10, the aerobic biodegradability show decreasing tendency. Applying of acidic condition during microwave irradiation resulted in lower disintegration degree than obtained for microwave-alkaline sludge pre-treatment method. But with microwave assisted acidic pre-treatments a higher aerobic biodegradability could be achieved than with alkaline dosage. In microwave pre-treatments acidic condition was preferable to increase the shorter aerobic biodegradability; the alkaline condition was favourable to intensify the anaerobic digestion process.

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28

Kira, Carmen S., Franca D. Maio, and Vera A. Maihara. "Comparison of Partial Digestion Procedures for Determination of Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn in Milk by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.1.151.

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Abstract A fast procedure was developed for determination of Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn in milk samples. This procedure consisted of a partial digestion with hydrochloric acid on a hot plate. The results obtained were compared with 3 other digestion procedures (dry ashing and 2 microwave digestions). All the procedures showed similar precision levels, with coefficients of variation <10% for most analyzed elements. Accuracy was evaluated by using certified reference materials, and the values obtained were within the confidence intervals for these products. The results obtained were not considered statistically different. The partial digestion on a hot plate with HCl can be very practical for laboratories with relatively large numbers of sample analyses.

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Kravchenko, Anna A., Irina V. Nikolaeva, and Stanislav V. Palesskiy. "Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Plant Samples by ICP-MS with Microwave Digestion." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Chemistry 14, no. 4 (December 2021): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1998-2836-0259.

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Method of microwave digestion using HNO3, HCl and HF in MARS‑5 system followed by ICP-MS analysis is proposed for determination of rare earth elements (REE) in plant materials. Limits of detection are 0.0001–0.001 ppm and allow for determination of all REE in certified reference materials Tr‑1, LB‑1 and EK‑1 and new reference material NSP‑1, relative standard deviations are lower than 13 %.Influence of HF addition during microwave digestion in UltraWAVE system on the ICP-MS analysis of REE in plant materials depending on silica content is studied. Necessity of HF addition during microwave digestion for better REE recoveries is shown for plant materials with Si contents exceeding 0.1 %

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30

Damak, Fadwa, Maki Asano, Koji Baba, Mohamed Ksibi, and Kenji Tamura. "Comparison of Sample Preparation Methods for Multielements Analysis of Olive Oil by ICP-MS." Methods and Protocols 2, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps2030072.

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Elemental analysis of olive oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) is challenging because of the high organic load in olive oil samples and the low analyte concentrations. However, conflicting operating procedures in the preparation of oils prior to analysis by ICP-MS have been reported to overcome these difficulties. This study compared three methods of inorganic elements’ extraction from olive oils: The two commonly used microwave-assisted, acid digestion, and liquid–liquid, ultrasound-assisted extraction methods; and an optimized method: The combined microwave digestion-evaporation. Overall, microwave digestion-based methods did not compare opportunely, and ultrasound-assisted extraction was found to provide the best accord between simplicity of use, detection limits and precision improvement. The detection limits were in the range of 0.3–160 µg·kg-1, 0.012–190 µg·kg−1 and 0.00061–1.5 µg·kg−1, while repeatabilities were in the range of 5–21%, 5.4–99% and 5.1–40% for the microwave digestion, the combined digestion-evaporation and the ultrasound assisted extraction, respectively. The ultrasound-assisted extraction is therefore recommended as a preparation method for olive oils prior to analysis by ICP-MS. The broader range of elements that can be accurately detected is expected to help increase the discriminatory power and performance of geographical traceability models.

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31

Govasmark, Espen, and Mark G. Grimmett. "A Method for Determination of Selenium in Organic Tissues Using Microwave Digestion and Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.3.838.

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Abstract An existing laboratory procedure for selenium analysis using open-vessel wet digestion and liquid chromatographic fluorescence determination was modified for use with microwave digestion. The proposed microwave digestion method eliminated the hazards associated with the use of HCIO4 while maintaining excellent recoveries of selenium. A 2-step HNO3/H2O2 digestion procedure was developed. Digested samples were derivatized with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene, and the resultant piazselenol complex was measured fluorometrically using a liquid chromatograph. Measured values were in agreement with 9 different certified reference materials. The detection limit for this method was 0.54 ng Se/g tissue (3 ), and the calibration curve remained linear (r2 = 0.9968) up to 2 g Se/g.

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32

Várallyay, Szilvia, Diána Szilva, Áron Soós, and Béla Kovács. "Comparative analysis of sample preparation methods to determine the concentration of arsenic in soil- and plant-samples." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 69 (March 23, 2016): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/69/1807.

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Arsenic contamination of the fields and groundwater is a global problem. Alföld is the most affected area in Hungary. Irrigation witharsenic contaminated water, and crop production on the contaminated soil can cause a food safety problem, because arsenic is easy taken up by the cell of the plant roots. To prevent this, very important to monitoring the arsenic content of soils and plants. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a fast, easy method to determined the concentration of minerals in the case of plant and soil samples The analytical methods can give reliable, results if the analytical process, including the sample preparation method, is the best. The objective of this study was to compare 3 type of sample preparation method which was dry ashing, wet digestion in open system, and microwave digestion. As a result of our experiement shows the microwave digestion is the appropriate method to determined the arsenic content of soil samples. In the case of plant samples we can use wet digestion in open system or microwave digestion as a samle preparation method.

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Iop, Gabrielle D., Sindy R. Krzyzaniak, Jussiane S. Silva, Erico M. M. Flores, Adilson B. Costa, and Paola A. Mello. "Feasibility of microwave-assisted ultraviolet digestion of polymeric waste electrical and electronic equipment for the determination of bromine and metals (Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Sb) by ICP-MS." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 32, no. 9 (2017): 1789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ja00123a.

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Bizzi, Cezar A., Matheus F. Pedrotti, Diogo M. Betiolo, Mariele S. Nascimento, Edson I. Muller, Giancarlo Cravotto, and Erico M. M. Flores. "Development of an eco-friendly sample preparation protocol for metal determination in food samples: an oxygen pressurized single reaction chamber using diluted nitric acid." Analytical Methods 13, no. 46 (2021): 5555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ay01510a.

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Reid, Helen J., Stanley Greenfield, and Tony E. Edmonds. "Communication. Liquid nitrogen cooling in microwave digestion." Analyst 118, no. 4 (1993): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9931800443.

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Reid, Helen J., Stanley Greenfield, Tony E. Edmonds, and Rafiq M. Kapdi. "Reflux pre-digestion in microwave sample preparation." Analyst 118, no. 10 (1993): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9931801299.

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Raven, K. P., and R. H. Loeppert. "Microwave digestion of fertilizers and soil amendments." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 27, no. 18-20 (October 1996): 2947–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629609369754.

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Houser, Josef. "Semimicro Determination of COD Employing Microwave Digestion." Environmental Engineering Science 20, no. 6 (November 2003): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/109287503770736131.

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马, 密霞. "Progress in Microwave Digestion in Agricultural Chemistry." Journal of Microwave Chemistry 01, no. 01 (2017): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/mc.2017.11006.

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Jardim, Wilson F., and Jarbas J. R. Rohwedder. "Chemical oxygen demand (COD) using microwave digestion." Water Research 23, no. 8 (August 1989): 1069–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(89)90182-6.

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García-Rico, Leticia, Rita E. Ramos Ruiz, and Lourdes Gutiérrez Coronado. "Use of Microwave Digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry To Determine Chromic Oxide as a Digestibility Marker in Feed, Feces, and Ileal Content." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.3.575.

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Abstract Most conventional digestion procedures, such as dry ashing and wet ashing, are tedious and labor intensive. Microwave digestion is agood alternative, because microwave dissolution is faster, safer, and simpler, and provides more controlled reproducible conditions than conventional methods. The purpose of this study was to develop a microwave digestion method for mineralizing meat and bone meal diets, feces, and ileal contents. Each sample was heated on a hot plate for 10 min, dry ashed at 65°C for 4 h, and transferred into microwave vessels. Then, 10 mL 70% HNO3 was added. Samples were digested for 7,10, and 20 min at 95,90, and 85% power, respectively. After the heating cycle, 6 mL 30% H2O2 was added, and samples were returned to the microwave for a second heating cycle of 1 and 7 min at 95 and 90% power, respectively. Finally, chromium concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The digestion method was validated by using a standard reference material, SRM domestic sludge 2781, with a certified chromium value of 195 ± 9 μg/g. The value obtained in this study was 178 ± 11 μg/g, for a difference of 17 μg/g. Spike recovery experiments resulted in 103.16 and 100.35% recoveries of chromium from diet and feces samples, respectively. Coefficients of variation were 10.8 and 7.8%, respectively.

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Lan, H. Y., W. Mu, Y. Y. NG, D. J. Nikolic-Paterson, and R. C. Atkins. "A simple, reliable, and sensitive method for nonradioactive in situ hybridization: use of microwave heating to improve hybridization efficiency and preserve tissue morphology." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, no. 3 (March 1996): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.3.8648089.

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The digestion of fixed tissue sections is a critical step in the optimization of any in situ hybridization protocol. We describe a novel application of microwave oven heating to optimize mRNA detection in paraformaldehyde-fixed tissues by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled probes. This technique replaces protease digestion of fixed tissue sections with 10 min of microwave pretreatment, followed by either conventional hybridization or hybridization involving microwave incubation. This new technique has several advantages over the standard protease treatment-based methods presently in use. (a) Microwave oven heating is a simple, rapid, and highly reproducible technique. (b) Microwave pretreatment significantly increased the hybridization signal and reduced the background compared to conventional protease digestion. Consequently, the hybridization time required to obtain optimal mRNA detection was reduced to 30 min. (c) Ten minutes of microwave pretreatment produced an optimal hybridization signal in six different tissues using a variety of probes, demonstrating the general applicability of this technique. (d) Microwave heating of the probe during the hybridization step itself further reduced the hybridization time and substantially enhanced the hybridization signal obtained from proteinase K-digested tissue. (e) Microwave pretreatment caused no discernible loss of fine cell structure and tissue morphology compared to untreated tissue sections. In conclusion, microwave oven heating can replace the complicated strategies and poor reproducibility of protease treatment of tissue sections, resulting in a simple, rapid, more reliable and sensitive method that has general applicability for in situ hybridization.

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Yang, Li, Qinghua Yan, Yinping Cao, and Huirong Zhang. "Determination of Mineral Elements of Some Coarse Grains by Microwave Digestion with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/869297.

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To determinate the mineral elements contents in millet，maise，oat，buckwheat，sorghum and purple rice, microwave digestion procedure optimized was applied for digesting six coarse grains. Nineteen mineral element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results displayed the limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) range from 0.0047 to 0.1250 μg/mL and 0.0155 to 0.4125 μg/mL. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) range from 0.83% to 5.03%, which showed that this proposed method was accurate and precise to detect mineral elements in coarse grains simultaneously. Correlation coefficients (r) were calculated in the range of 0.999096-0.999989. The sufficient dada obtained described that the coarse grains selected were abundant in mineral element contents in the human body on daily diet. The success of combining the microwave digestion technology with the ICP-AES was a simple and precise method to determine many mineral elements in coarse grains simultaneously.

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Rhoades, Charles B., Keith E. Levine, Arthur Salido, and Bradley T. Jones. "Elemental Analysis Using Microwave Digestion and an Environmental Evaporation Chamber." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 2 (February 1998): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981943491.

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A major concern in laboratories performing trace element determinations is sample contamination. Sensitivity can be enhanced for trace elements by using larger samples, but this approach may increase the risk of contamination due to the need for more involved preparation techniques. With the isolation of the sample from the laboratory environment, the potential for contamination is greatly reduced during sample decomposition. In this investigation, an environmental evaporation chamber (EEC) placed in a microwave digestion system was used for predigestion of biological and botanical samples prior to closed-vessel digestion. The EEC was also used for the evaporation of residual acid after completion of the digestion procedure. Data are presented for the analysis of standard reference materials along with detection limits and the results of a cross-contamination study for the described method. Index Headings: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; Biological samples; Botanical samples; Environmental evaporation chamber; Microwave digestion.

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Kalra, Y. P., D. G. Maynard, and F. G. Radford. "Microwave digestion of tree foliage for multi-element analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-150.

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A microwave digestion procedure was developed for multi-element determinations in tree foliage by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry. The procedure involved the sequential digestion of 0.500 g of plant material with HNO3 (10 mL), H2O2 (1 mL), and HCl (2 mL) at 90% power for 30 min, 90% power for 15 min, and 30% power for 10 min, respectively. The proposed method gave Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, P, and S results in good agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology plant reference materials. Iron and aluminum concentrations were 20 to 30% lower than the certified National Institute of Standards and Technology values. Recovery of standard additions of the elements tested (including iron and aluminum) ranged from 93 to 105%. The proposed digestion method provides accurate and precise results for multi-element analysis on one solution. In addition, HClO4, an extreme laboratory hazard, has been replaced in the digestion procedure by H2O2. The microwave digestion method has been used successfully in our laboratory for over 1 year for routine analysis and for a quality assurance program using a variety of plant materials. With this method 36 to 48 samples per person per day can be prepared for inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry analysis.

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Bonin, Mélodie, Frédéric-Georges Fontaine, and Dominic Larivière. "Comparative Studies of Digestion Techniques for the Dissolution of Neodymium-Based Magnets." Metals 11, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081149.

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The digestion of neodymium (NdFeB) magnets was investigated in the context of recycling rare earth elements (i.e., Nd, Pr, Dy, and Tb). Among more conventional digestion techniques (microwave digestion, open vessel digestion, and alkaline fusion), focused infrared digestion (FID) was tested as a possible approach to rapidly and efficiently solubilize NdFeB magnets. FID parameters were initially optimized with unmagnetized magnet powder and subsequently used on magnet pieces, demonstrating that the demagnetization and grinding steps are optional.

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Cauduro, Vitoria Hagemann, Alessandra Schneider Henn, Rochele Sogari Picoloto, Edson Irineu Muller, Marcia Foster Mesko, and Erico Marlon Moraes Flores. "Development of Green Methods for the Determination of Elemental Impurities in Commercial Pharmaceutical Tablets." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010422.

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In this study, two methods based on the use of diluted acids were developed: microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD) and microwave-assisted ultraviolet digestion (MAWD-UV). These methods are evaluated for the digestion of oral pharmaceutical drugs and further determination of elemental impurities from classes 1 (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) and 2A (Co, Ni and V) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Commercial drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are used. No prior comminution is performed. For MAWD, the optimized conditions were 2 mol L−1 or 3 mol L−1 HNO3, 1 mL of 50% H2O2 and a 45 min or 55 min irradiation program. For MAWD-UV, the condition using 1 mol L−1 HNO3, 1.6 mL of 50% H2O2 and a 55 min irradiation program enabled the digestion of all samples. In this way, efficient methods are proposed for the digestion of commercial pharmaceutical tablets for further determination of class 1 and 2A elemental impurities (ICH Q3D guidelines).

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Taylor, Vivien, Andrew Toms, and Henry Longerich. "Acid digestion of geological and environmental samples using open-vessel focused microwave digestion." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 372, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-001-1172-z.

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Mao, Xiao Jing, Ye Hong Shi, and Hua Chang Li. "Comments on Technical Progress in Pretreatment and Analysis Method of Inorganic Elements of Electroplating Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.413.

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The latest technical progress in pretreatment and analysis method of inorganic elements of electroplating sludge was briefly reviewed. Some pretreatment methods were summarized, including exposure system digestion, high-pressure tank digestion, microwave digestion and dry ash digestion as well as some analysis methods, such as spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Finally, the trend for future technical development in inorganic elements determination of electroplating sludge was prospected.

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Druzian, Gabriel T., Leticia S. F. Pereira, Paola A. Mello, Marcia F. Mesko, Fabio A. Duarte, and Erico M. M. Flores. "Rare earth element determination in heavy crude oil by USN-ICP-MS after digestion using a microwave-assisted single reaction chamber." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 6 (2016): 1185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ja00050a.

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In this work a method for rare earth element (REE) determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was proposed after heavy crude oil digestion by microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD) using a single reaction chamber (SRC) system.

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