Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Microtubules'
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Schaedel, Laura. "Les propriétés mécaniques des microtubules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY010/document.
Full textMicrotubules—which define the shape of axons, cilia and flagella, and provide tracks for intracellular transport—can be highly bent by intracellular forces, and microtubule structure and stiffness are thought to be affected by physical constraints. Yet how microtubules tolerate the vast forces exerted on them remains unknown. Here, by using a microfluidic device, we show that microtubule stiffness decreases incrementally with each cycle of bending and release. Similar to other cases of material fatigue, the concentration of mechanical stresses on pre-existing defects in the microtubule lattice is responsible for the generation of more extensive damage, which further decreases microtubule stiffness. Strikingly, damaged microtubules were able to incorporate new tubulin dimers into their lattice and recover their initial stiffness. Our findings demonstrate that microtubules are ductile materials with self-healing properties, that their dynamics does not exclusively occur at their ends, and that their lattice plasticity enables the microtubules’ adaptation to mechanical stresses
Barlukova, Ayuna. "Dynamic instability of microtubules and effect of microtubule targeting agents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0064.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to design new mathematical models that are able to appropriately describe dynamic instability of a population of microtubules (MTs) and effect of drugs on MT dynamics. MT dynamic instability play an important role in the processes of mitosis and cell migration and, thus, in cancer progression. Dynamic instability is a complex process that involves different states of tubulin (polymerized or non-polymerized, GTP-tubulin or GDPtubulin that correspond to two different energetic states of tubulin dimers) that resulted from chemical processes (polymerization, depolymerization, hydrolysis, recycling, nucleation) linking these different states of tubulin. Description of this complexity by mathematical models enables one to test biological hypotheses concerning the impact of each process and action of drugs on microtubule dynamics. Recent observations show that MT dynamics depends on aging of MT. One of the aims of the work is to test the hypothesis that MT aging results from the acceleration of the GTP hydrolysis. We construct for that new models that couple two multidimensional transport equations with two ordinary differential equations involving integral terms. We have calibrated our models on the basis of experimental data; tested biological hypothesis on mechanism of aging process; performed a sensitivity analysis of the model with respect to parameters describing chemical processes; and tested hypotheses concerning actions of drugs
Paez, Claudia. "Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine associée aux microtubules XMAP215/ch-TOG." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597065.
Full textRovini, Amandine. "De l'extrémité des microtubules aux mitochondries dans la neuroprotection mediee par l'olesoxime : vers une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d'action des agents anti-microtubules." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5512.
Full textNowadays, the so-called Microtubule Targeting Agents (MTAs) remain benchmark clinical treatments displaying high efficiency and are still widely used against a broad spectrum of tumors and hemopathies. The new compounds in clinical development and the discovery of their anti-angiogenic properties make them a family booming. However, MTAs treatment is limited by the occurrence of neurological toxicities that greatly impair patients quality of life and which mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. The current absence of really efficient curative of preventive strategies underline the complexity of MTA mechanisms of action. In the framework of the “MitoTarget” project from the 7th PCRD,lead by the industrial partner Trophos, we aimed to precise MTA neurotoxic mechanisms and to evaluate neuroprotective potential of olesoxime, a compound that already showed to be efficient in various models of neurodegenerative diseases. Our data show that microtubular (microtubule dynamics parameters, EB1 protein localization) and mitochondria (mitochondria) networks, MTA targeted compartments in cancer cells, are damaged in neuronal-like cells. Interestingly, olesoxime neuroprotective activity implies preservation of both microtubule and mitochondria from MTA-induced damages. This work highlights the original mechanism of action of olesoxime as the first neuroprotective agent able to act on both microtubule and mitochondria and underlines the strengthened link existing between these compartments. It thus gave rise to two side projects with the aim to (i) decipher microtubule-mitochondria interconnections in response to MTA treatment; (ii) precise the importance and regulation of EB1 in the anti-migratory efficacy of MTA by looking at EB1 post-translational modifications. Altogether, the data obtained incite to keep on characterizing mechanisms involved in response to MTA in order to optimize the existing therapeutic strategies
Gaidar, Sergii, and Stefan Diez. "Dancing along microtubules." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-182537.
Full textPeronne, Lauralie. "Caractérisation d'un nouveau composé pharmacologique qui potentialise la réponse des cellules au paclitaxel (Taxol®)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV003.
Full textMicrotubules (MTs) targeting agents are a powerful weapon in the war against aggressive cancers. Paclitaxel (PTX) has been used successfully for the treatment of solid tumors for decades. Several features, including side-effects and resistance of some cancers make this drug not always effective. With the aim to identify new chemical compounds that sensitize cells to paclitaxel we screened a library of 8,000 compounds, to select those not toxic for cell cultures when applied alone, that become toxic when applied in combination with a non-toxic dose of paclitaxel. This lead to the selection of a carbazole derivative: carba1. In cells, the carba1/PTX combination has a greater cytotoxic effect than the addition of the effects of each drug assayed separately, indicating a synergistic effect. In addition, in-depth phenotypic analyzes indicate that the administration of carba1 amplify the effects of PTX.High doses of carba1 induce a cell blockade in prometaphase, but do not alter the MT network in interphase or mitosis. In contrast, in vitro, carba1 targets the tubulin colchicine binding site, causing a delay and a decrease in MT polymerization. Genetic studies conducted on yeast indicated other potential additional targets including CENP-E, an essential kinesin for chromosome alignment during mitosis.Studies conducted on a preclinical mouse model of aggressive breast cancer (orthotopic grafts) revealed that carba1 alone and carba1/PTX showed no toxicity. In addition, the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects of the carba1/PTX combination on these models have been encouraging, but an optimization of the posology is still needed. Carba1 is a new molecule, with previously unknown applications. This is why a declaration of invention, with a view to filing a patent, has been submitted to the CNRS
Le, Grand Marion. "La protéine Akt, lien entre mitochondries et microtubules dans le mécanisme d'action des agents anti-microtubules ou quand les MTA s'invitent dans de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5017/document.
Full textMicrotubule-Targeting Agents (MTA) are a broad group of anticancer drugs that are currently administered in a lot of cancers. Nevertheless, they can cause undesired side effects and can lose their effectiveness as a result of resistance development. The main objective of my PhD work was to characterize the MTA’s mechanism of action in order to optimize their administration in the future. In the first part, we demonstrated the important role of the kinase Akt in MTA effects. In the second part, we evaluated the interest to combine MTA with anti-Akt drugs. We observed that MTA efficacy is highly important with Akt targeting drugs, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma. These promising results will need further explorations in order to develop more convenient cancer therapy strategies
Gallaud, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation du rôle d'Ensconsine / MAP7 dans la dynamique des microtubules et des centrosomes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S004/document.
Full textMitosis is a key step of the cell cycle that allows the mother cell to segregate its replicated genome equally into the two daughter cells. To do so, the cell assembles a highly dynamic structure composed of microtubules called the mitotic spindle. Additionally to its role in the faithful segregation of chromosomes, the mitotic spindle defines the axis of cell division. This phenomenon is particularly important for the asymmetric cell division in which cell fate determinants have to be unequally distributed between the two daughter cells. Spindle assembly and dynamics are subtly regulated by numerous microtubules-associated proteins. During my PhD, we identified using mass spectrometry, 855 proteins establishing the Drosophila embryo microtubule interactome. An RNAi screen was performed in the larval central nervous system for 96 poorly described genes, in order to identify new mitotic regulators. Based on microtubule interaction and mitotic phenotype, among 18 candidates we focused on Ensconsin/MAP7. We have shown that Ensconsin is associated with spindle microtubules and promotes their polymerization. Neuroblasts from mutant larvae display shorter spindles and a longer mitosis duration. This mitotic delay is a consequence of an extended activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, which is essential for the proper chromosome segregation in the absence of Ensconsin. This study also showed that, in association with its interphase partner Kinesin-1, Ensconsin is involved in centrosome separation during interphase. As a result, mother and daughter centrosomes are randomly distributed between the daughter cells. In conclusion, we highlighted two news functions of Ensconsin : first, this protein promotes microtubule polymerization and is involved in spindle assembly ; second, Ensconsin and its partner Kinesin-1 regulate centrosome dynamics
METOZ, FREDERIC. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle de microtubules." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10118.
Full textArslan, Mélis. "Micromechanical modeling of microtubules." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP1684.
Full textMicrotubules serve as one of the structural components of the cell and take place in some of the important cellular functions such as mitosis and vesicular transport. Microtubules comprise of tubulin subunits tubulin dimers arranged in a cylindrical beta and formed by alpha hollow tube structure with a diameter of 20nm. They are typically comprised of 13 or 14 protofilaments arranged in spiral configurations. The longitudinal bonds between the tubulin dimers are much stiffer and stronger than the lateral bonds. This implies the anisotropic structure and properties of the microtubule. In this work, the aim is to define a complete set of elastic properties that capture the atomistic behavior and track the deformation of the microtubules under different loading conditions. A seamless microtubule wall is represented as a two dimensional triangulated lattice of dimers from which a representative volume element can be defined. A harmonic potential is adapted for the dimer–dimer interactions. Estimating the lattice elastic constants and following the methodology from the analysis of the mechanical behavior of triangulated spectrin network of the red blood cell membrane (Arslan and Boyce, 2006); a general continuum level constitutive model of the mechanical behavior of the microtubule lattice wall is developed. The model together with the experimental data given in the literature provides an insight to defining the parameters required for the discrete numerical model created in finite element analysis medium. The three point bending simulations for a microtubule modeled using shell elements, give tube bending stiffness values that are in accordance with the experimental bending stiffness values. The micrographs also show that shrinking ends of microtubules (due to microtubule instabilities) curl out. This implies the existence of prestress. A “connector model” is proposed to include the effect of the prestress and to capture the dynamic instabilities of microtubules
Campbell, Robert David James. "Information processing in microtubules." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
Find full textA, S. Jijumon. "Systematic characterization of a large number of Microtubule-Associated Proteins using purification-free TIRF-reconstitution assays Purification of tubulin with controlled post-translational modifications by polymerization–depolymerization cycles Microtubule-Associated Proteins: Structuring the Cytoskeleton Purification of custom modified tubulin from cell lines and mouse brains by polymerization-depolymerization cycles." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL007.
Full textMicrotubules (MTs) are dynamic filaments involved in a plethora of functions such as cell division, cell shape, ciliary beating, neuronal differentiation. Strict regulation of MT functions is therefore of high importance for the cellular homeostasis, and any perturbations could potentially lead to diseases like cancer, ciliopathies and neurodegeneration. At the protein level, there are accumulating studies showing that MT properties can be controlled via interaction with a large variety of MT-associated proteins (MAPs). Our knowledge of MAPs has been enriched over time, but up to this date no systematic studies exist that aim to describe and categorize these proteins according to their binding mechanisms and structural effects on MTs. In my PhD project, I have developed an assay for rapid and systematic analysis of MAPs using cleared lysates of cultured human cells in which I overexpress a variety of different MAPs. The dynamic behaviour of growing MTs in the presence of those MAPs were imaged using TIRF microscopy. This allows me to study the behaviour of around 50 MAP candidates in a situation close to their natural environment, but eliminating complexity coming from different organelles and crammed cytoskeleton filaments inside the confined intracellular space. Indeed, most MAPs were nicely soluble in the extract approach, while purification attempts of several of them led to protein precipitation, thus making classical invitro reconstitution approaches impossible. This novel approach allowed me to compare many MAPs under similar experimental conditions, and helped to define several novel proteins as bona-fide MAPs. I demonstrate that previously uncharacterized MAPs have strikingly different effects on MT polymerization and MT structure, thus creating a variety of distinct MT arrays. I further extended this cell-free pipeline to study structures of MAPs bound to MTs by cryo-electron microscopy, or to study the MT interactions of MAPs carrying patient mutations. Finally, I demonstrated that my approach can be used to test the sensitivity of MAPs to tubulin PTMs, as well as to study the role of MAPs in actin-MT crosstalk. In the future, this novel approach will allow for a better mechanistic understanding of how MAPs and MTs together control cytoskeleton functions
Nouar, Roqiya. "Caractérisation de l'intéraction de la stathmine avec les microtubules : une analyse par imagerie FRET dans la cellule." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5505.
Full textHunter, Andrew W. "Coupling of ATP hydrolysis to microtubule depolymerization by mitotic centromere-associated kinesin /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10549.
Full textGaidar, Sergii, and Stefan Diez. "Dancing along microtubules: molecular mechanism of one-dimensional diffusive motion of proteins along microtubules." Diffusion fundamentals 20 (2013) 29, S. 1, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13595.
Full textArslan, Melis. "Modélisation micro-mécanique des microtubules." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472078.
Full textOvechkina, Yulia Y. "Microtubule destabilizing activity of a kinesin related protein, MCAK : mechanism and regulation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10553.
Full textBouissou, Anaïs. "Rôle de la tubuline gamma et des protéines associées dans la dynamique des microtubules." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1151/.
Full textMicrotubules are highly dynamic polymers, essential in cell division. They are often organized from the centrosome where the protein Gamma-tubulin plays an important role in microtubule nucleation. Gamma-tubulin acts within two main complexes: a small Gamma-tubulin complex (Gamma-TuSC) is essential for viability and assembly of a functional spindle, and a larger complex (Gamma-TuRC) is required for efficient mitotic progression. The role of Gamma-TuRC-specific proteins is not well defined. Using RNAi-mediated depletion in Drosophila S2 cells, I studied the function of these non-essential Gamma-TuRC proteins in microtubule organisation and dynamics. In interphase, I show for the first time that Gamma-TuRCs, localized along microtubules, regulate microtubule dynamics, acting as pause factors. In mitosis, Gamma-TuRCs are associated with all microtubule subsets, including astral microtubules. The loss of Gamma-TuRCs alters astral microtubule dynamics, correlated with spindle positioning defects. Together, these results demonstrate that Gamma-TuRCs regulate microtubule dynamics in interphase and in mitosis. We propose that Gamma-TuRCs are essential to mediate non-centrosomal functions such as organization of cell type-specific microtubule networks or spindle positioning
Hervy, Jordan. "Modélisation de l'interaction dynamique protéines Tau - microtubules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY062/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease, some frontotemporal dementias such as the Pick’s disease are examples of neurodegenerative diseases called "Tauopathies" which are characterized by the presence of intracellular aggregates of Tau-proteins in the brain of patients. The formation of such aggregates would result from the loss of the normal functions of the Tau-proteins to properly organize the microtubule network within the axon ; which leads to a progressive loss of microtubule’s mass within the axons, the disorganization of the axonal transport and at the end, the cell death. To understand the Tauopathies, we have to understand :- the dynamic of microtubules which is controlled by the mechanisms of the dynamic instability in which microtubules switch between a phase of growth (polymerization of GTP) and a phase of shrinkage (dissociation of GDP)- the interaction between Tau-proteins and microtubules which play an important role in the polymerization, stabilization and spatial organization of microtubules within the axonal network.The objective of this work is to build and consolidate the blocks in order to go to precise modeling of the interaction of microtubules with a dynamic population of Tau-proteins. To this purpose, two problems were considered : (i) the intrinsic dynamic of microtubules (i.e., in absence of Tau-proteins) and (ii) the interaction between Tau-proteins and a stabilized-microtubules (i.e., in absence of dynamic instability)In order to this, the work has been done according to two approaches :- Theoretical : development of mathematical models describing the different process.- Simulation : development of Monte-Carlo programs (under Matlab)The main results have been organized in two main parts :1) Development of a mesoscopic model describing the dynamic instability of microtubules at the scale of the tubulin. This model describes the non-Markovian dynamic of microtubules and the characteristics are compatible with the experimental observations.2) Development of a model describing the dynamical decoration of a microtubule by a population of Tau-proteins. The characteristics of the model are based, for the construction, and compatible with the experimental observations
Deng, Xian. "Prosthecobacter BtubAB form bacterial mini microtubules." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275719.
Full textRobbins, Miller Kelly. "Investigation of Interactions between Rev and Microtubules: Purification of Wild-type and Mutant Rev Protein and Optimization of Microtubule Depolymerization Assays." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1188405424.
Full textVandroux, David. "Rôle des microtubules dans la lésion d'ischémie-reperfusion du cardiomyocyte et influence d'agents de liaison des microtubules." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOMU23.
Full textGiordano, Tiziana. "Étude du rôle de l’enzyme déglutamylase CCP5 dans la régulation de la fonction des microtubules au cours de la spermiogenèse chez la souris." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS574/document.
Full textSpermatogenesis is the process by which germ cells are transformed into spermatozoa by three sequential phases: the mitotic- and meiotic- phase followed by spermiogenesis. To allow the final maturation of haploid germ cells into spermatozoa specific structures have to be developed during the spermiogenesis: the acrosome, the manchette and the flagellum. The manchette is a MTs-based structure, located caudally to the acrosome, organizing in a skirt-like fashion. Manchette is known to participate in the shaping of the nucleus conferring it the typical hook-like shape and several studies have underlined its importance in acrosome and flagellum formation. During spermiogenesis all molecules and organelles necessary for both acrosome and flagellum formation have to be transported to their destination sites and manchettal MTs allow the movement of organelles and other proteins between the pro-acrosome region and the spermatid tail. However this MTs-based traffic has to be regulated both in space and time as it has been shown that ectopic or mislocalization of certain proteins can lead to failures in acrosome, manchette and flagellum development. The generation of posttranslationally modified MTs might explain a possible mechanism of traffic regulation since it has been demonstrated that posttranslational modifications (PTMs) can regulate the interaction between MTs and molecular motors and microtubules binding proteins. Polyglutamylation, consist in the addition of glutamate side chains of variable length on α- and β- tubulin carboxy-terminal tails. Glutamylation levels are determined by the combined action of glutamylase (TTLLs) and deglutamylase (CCPs) enzymes. Several reports have recently highlighted the importance of some of these enzymes in flagellum assembly and/or maintenance. During my PhD I investigated about the functional role of CCP5 during mouse spermatogenesis. CCP5 is the only enzyme able to remove the glutamate branching point of the added side chain. Thus, its activity might regulate the equilibrium between presence/absence of glutamate branching points, in turn interfering with polyglutamylation levels. The study of the CCP5-KO mouse reveals that CCP5 has an essential role during mouse spermiogenesis. CCP5-KO male produces 100-fold less sperm cells than controls and released sperm cells are highly defective and immotile. Moreover, haploid immature germ cells are also found in CCP5-KO semen. A deep-analysis reveals that the reduced sperm output is due to several ultrastructural defects emerging during the spermatids differentiation process. The acrosome, although is still formed, it does not appear to develop symmetrically and appears to detach from the nucleus in condensed spermatids. Another structure that is impaired in CCP5-KO spermatids in the manchette. Manchettal MTs, are seen to emanate from ectopic regions of the germ cells without running parallel to the nucleus, and are often observed within the spermatids nuclei. Altogether these defects correlate with an aberrant-shaped spermatid nucleus not showing the typical hook-like shape. Another phenotype observed in CCP5-KO elongating spermatids is the presence of supernumerary basal bodies that correlates with the presence of singlet or doublets microtubules dispersed within the germ cell cytoplasm. Interestingly sperm accessory structures are seen to chaotically organize around the microtubules. Unstable disassembling axonemes are seen together with those MTs, suggesting that CCP5-KO spermatids develop abortive unstable flagella. Interesting all these ultrastructural defects correlate with increased level of glutamylation on round spermatids’ cortical MTs and elongating spermatids’ manchettal MTs. Taken together, this study strongly suggests that CCP5-mediated glutamylation regulation is fundamental for spermatids differentiation into healthy functional spermatozoa
Seggio, Maxime. "Etude in vitro des effets de la protéine MAP6 sur le cytosquelette." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV063/document.
Full textThe eukaryotic cell's cytoskeleton is constitued by three types of different polymers which are the actin filaments, the intermediate filaments and the microtubules. These elements confer on the cell the main part of its mechanical properties such as the architecture preservation or the modification of its shape to allow the cellular movement. They are also involved in the organelles or nutrients transport throughout the cell, in the chromosomes segregation during mitosis or still in the cellular division process. To answer the cell's various needs, these filaments are extremly dynamics and are able to dis-assemblate to re-assemblate in another place of the cell. Tis dynamic is regulated ny numerous proteins which are going to be capable of modifiying the intrinsic properties of the different filaments (dynamic, mechanic and structure). Among them are present the MAPs, for Microtubule-Associated Proteins, which will be able to influence the microtubule dynamics and structure. MAP6, also known as STOP for Stable Tubule Only Peptide, is a neuronal MAP which was initially described for its capacity to protect microtubule from cold or nocodazole exposure. KO MAP6 mice display cognitive and behavioral disorders close to patient with schyzophrenia, involving at least partially microtubules stabilization defects. However, the effects of the protein on the microtubules still remained to determine. In this context, using diverse biochemical and cideomicroscopy technics, we showed that MAP6 is able to directly interact in vitro with the microtubules and stabilizes them. It also regulates the microtubule dynamics by increasing the microtubule growth rate of the plus end extremity, decreases the shrinkage frequency and allows rescue of shrinking microtubules, similarly to other MAPs like Tau or MAP2. However, contrary to the other MAPs, we showed that MAP6 has another effect on the microtubule (-) end by decreazing and freezing its dynamics. This dual effect could confer to MAP6 an essential role of microtubules nucleation by stabilizing the new formed microtubule (-) end and by stabilizing and increasing the (+) end microtubule growth rate. Furthermore, MAP6 is also able to strongly modify the microtubule structure. Microtubules are the stiffest elements of the cytoskeleton and naturally form due to their composition linear hollow tubes. Yet in presence of MAP6, microtubules lose their usual shape and adopt a helical structure (4,5 μm pitch and approximatly 1 μm thickness) which had never been observed until now. The presence of such a population of microtubules in the neuron could thus provide a mechanical strength and allow the preservation of the axon architecture. Finally, we showed that MAP6 can also directly interact with the actin filaments to associate them and form bundles. In neurons, several molecules have been identified as key regulators in the " crosstalk " between actin filaments and microtubules. The interaction and coordination between the different cytoskeletal elements play a vital role in the synaptic transmission. MAP6 may be important for all these mechanisms which would explain the synaptic plasticity and cognitive defects observed in KO MAP6 mice
Kar, Santwana. "Structural studies of tau interaction with microtubules." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615812.
Full textDevred, François. "Interaction tau-tubuline dans l'assemblage des microtubules." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22954.
Full textBlocker, Ariel. "Analyse des interactions entre phagosomes et microtubules." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112390.
Full textKarabay, Arzu. "Ncd Motor Tail Domain Interactions With Microtubules." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11280.
Full textPh. D.
BUDIN, KARINE. "Centres organisateurs de microtubules, hsp70 et phylogenie." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112407.
Full textMeurer-Grob, Patricia. "Etude structurale des microtubules à haute résolution." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10240.
Full textPark, Su Young. "Role of microtubules in budding yeast cytokinesis." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Park_2008_09007dcc805ea536.pdf.
Full textVita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed January 22, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-40).
Bourgarel-Rey, Véronique. "Microtubules et transduction du signal : étude des effets des agents anti-microtubules sur la régulation de l'oncogène c-myc." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/PHA_2000_1538.pdf.
Full textLawera, Aleksandra Anna. "The role of tubulin polyglutamylation and its potential effectors in spermatogenesis." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20161.
Full textMicrotubules are essential cytoskeletal elements composed of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers. They are involved in a number of cellular processes, including intracellular transport, cell motility and cell division. However, how microtubules can adapt to all these different functions remains largely unknown. One of the mechanism, which could contribute to microtubule diversity are posttranslational modifications of tubulin. Among tubulin modifications polyglutamylation has a high potential for changing microtubule properties and thus adapting them to different roles. It consists of addition of long glutamate side chains to multiple glutamate residues located in the C-terminal tail of both α- and β-tubulin, which are known as interaction sites for many microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and molecular motors. In my studies I focused on the role of polyglutamylation in sperm development. Using mice and Drosophila as model systems, I showed that changing the levels of this modification, either by up- or downregulation, results in the assembly of structurally abnormal sperm and causes male sterility. In addition, I also addressed the role of one of the potential effectors of polyglutamylation, a microtubule-severing enzyme called katanin. I demonstrated that in the absence of katanin the production of male germ cells is severely compromised leading to male sterility. Taken together my data suggest that proper balance of tubulin polyglutamylation is essential for sperm development and that its effects may be mediated by katanin whose activity has been proposed to be dependent on tubulin polyglutamylation. Moreover, during my PhD project I developed a method for production of differentially glutamylated microtubules. Using porcine brain tubulin, which is known to be highly glutamylated, as a starting material I perform deglutamylation to obtain the non-glutamylated version of it. Obtaining these two types of tubulin allows now to directly testing whether the interactions between microtubules and the MAPs of interests are dependent on tubulin polyglutamyaltion
Witte, Harald. "The role of microtubules in initial neuronal polarization." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-88149.
Full textHarumoto, Toshiyuki. "Regulation of Noncentrosomal Microtubules in Planar Cell Polarity." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142444.
Full textChaudhuri, Samata. "Engineering Nanotechnological Applications of Biomolecular Motors and Microtubules." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232539.
Full textAllard, Jun. "Mathematics and biophysics of cortical microtubules in plants." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30439.
Full textBarton, Richard Christopher. "Microtubules, mitosis and chromosome segregation in Candida albicans." Thesis, University of Kent, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256985.
Full textLiang, Benjamin Ming-Hwa. "Organization and function of microtubules and their relationship /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841166.
Full textArnal, Isabelle. "Étude structurale de complexes entre microtubules et kinésines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10058.
Full textCaudron, Fabrice. "Des microtubules détyrosinés : quelles conséquences pour la cellule ?" Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10032.
Full textMicrotubules (MT) are dynamic structures involved in different essential processes of cell architecture. Particularly, MT plus ends (+ends) can accumulate specific proteins controlling MT dynamics and MT interaction with the cell cortex. These interactions are implicated in the correct positionning of the mitotic spindle. Description of the mechanisms of protein association with MT +ends is important to understand MT functions. C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin is crucial for the interaction of CAP-Gly domain containing proteins. Indeed, CLIP-170 and its S. Cerevisiae homolog Bik1p bind less efficiently to MT deleted for the C-terminal tyrosine (Glu MT). In this work, we studied the consequences of low Bik1p association with Glu MT +ends. Current models propose that Bik1p is targeted towards MT +ends by the kinesin Kip2p. Dynein (Dyn1p) is, then, recruited by Bik1p at MT +ends and offloaded at the cortex. Here, we show that, in yeast cells expressing only detyrosinated tubulin (tub1-Glu strain), Kip2p and Dyn1p are correctly associated with MT +ends, despite the decreased Bik1p binding. We propose that, in wild type cells, the Kip2p/Bik1p complex transports Dyn1p along MT towards MT +ends. Then, Kip2p, Bik1p and Dyn1p track MT +ends independently. Moreover, we show that constituvely active forms of the small G protein Rho1p favour Bik1p binding to MT +ends. These data will be important to understand the role of Rho GTPases in the regulation of MT, for instance during migration of mammalian cells. Finally, we systematically searched for mutations that are lethal in combination with the tub1-Glu mutation (synthetic lethality). This screen identified components important in the formation of cell membrane and cell wall. These genes could be involved, at the cortex, in the establishment of microtubule-cortex interactions, and could show the importance of the α-tubulin C-terminal tyrosine in this function
Windscheid, Vanessa. "Caractérisation d’une nouvelle protéine associée aux microtubules, SL21." Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10138.
Full textThe Early and adult neuronal microtubule-associated protein STOP (Stable Tubule Only Polypeptide) is the main effectors responsible for neuronal microtubules stability. STOP null mice exhibit synaptic plasticity defects with depleted synaptic vesicles pools. Mature neurons also contain a 21-kDa STOP like protein, SL21, which shares micro tubule binding and stabilizing domain and a amino-terminal part of 35 amino acids with STOP proteins. SL21 decorates micro tubules but is otherwise localized at the Golgi apparatus. The first part of this study is focused on the functional characterisation of this amino-terminal domain. It contains three cysteine residues in position 5, 10 and 11 wich sus tain palmitoylation. Palmitoylation is often required for protein association with membrane. We find that SL21's cysteine 5 and 11 is palmitoylated and that only cysteine 5 is necessary for Golgi localization of this protein. We also find that STOP protein, in addition to decorate microtubules, could stain the Golgi apparatus. This target depends on the conserved amino-terminal domain, shared by STOP and SL21 proteins. STOP protein could also be palmitoylated. Ln the second part of this work, to understand the function of SL21, we have chosen to study the partners of SL21. A Two- Hybrid screen, using pro teins known as being partners of STOP as target, was realized in the laboratory. Three potential partners were schown to interact with SL21: the protein Tctexl, one of the light chains of the dynein molecular motor, proteins SL21 and STOPs. We confirmed the interaction of these proteins with SL21 by co-immunoprecipitation after over expression in cells and also, from brain extract for the SL21 and STOP's interaction. We also characterise their site of interaction on SL21. The protein Tctexl interacts with SL21 on its module of binding microtubules, the multimerisation domain of SL21 is located on its amino-terminal domain and could implicated palmitoylation. These results let us to imagine the involvement of SL21 and STOPs pro teins in the regulation of synaptic vesicles pool
Caudron, Fabrice. "Des microtubules détyrosinés : quelles conséquences pour la cellule ?" Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149555.
Full textcellulaire. En particulier, les bouts plus des MT (bouts +) sont capables d'accumuler des protéines spécifiques jouant un rôle dans le contrôle de la dynamique microtubulaire et dans l'interaction des MT avec le cortex cellulaire. Ces interactions sont notamment décisives pour le positionnement correct du fuseau mitotique. La description des mécanismes permettant l'accumulation de protéines aux bouts + est donc importante pour la compréhension des fonctions microtubulaires.
La tyrosine C-terminale de la tubuline α est cruciale pour l'interaction de protéines à domaine CAP-Gly avec les bouts +. En effet, CLIP-170 et son homologue de S.cerevisiae Bik1p se lient moins bien aux bouts + des MT dépourvus de tyrosine C-terminale (MT Glu).
Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié les perturbations associées au déficit de liaison de Bik1p aux bouts + des MT Glu dans S. cerevisiae.
Les modèles actuels proposent que Bik1p est amenée aux bouts + par son association avec la kinésine Kip2p. La dynéine (Dyn1p) est alors recrutée par Bik1p aux bouts + pour être ciblée vers le cortex. Nous montrons
que, dans des levures n'exprimant que de la tubuline détyrosinée (souche tub1-Glu), Kip2p et Dyn1p sont
correctement associées aux bouts +, malgré le déficit de liaison de Bik1p. Nous proposons que, dans les cellules
sauvages, le complexe Kip2p/Bik1p transporte Dyn1p le long des MT vers les bouts +. Kip2, Bik1p et Dyn1p
s'associent alors aux bouts + de façon indépendante.
De plus, nous montrons que des formes constitutionnellement actives de la petite protéine G Rho1p favorisent l'association de Bik1p avec les bouts +. Ces données seront importantes pour comprendre le rôle des Rho GTPases dans la régulation des MT, notamment dans la migration cellulaire.
L'ensemble de ce travail suggère de nouveaux modèles pour la formation et la fonction des complexes protéiques associés aux bouts +.
Finalement, nous avons recherché de manière systématique les mutations qui, associées avec la mutation tub1-Glu, sont létales chez la levure (létalité synthétique). Ce crible a identifié des composants participant à la formation de la membrane et de la paroi cellulaire. Ces gènes pourraient être impliqués, au niveau cortical, dans la mise en place des interactions des microtubules avec le cortex, et montrent l'importance de la tyrosine C-terminale de la tubuline α dans cette fonction.
Thomas, Alexandre. "Rôle des microtubules lors de la division asymétrique des neuroblastes chez Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B012.
Full textD. melanogaster neuroblast is a neural stem cell which divides asymmetrically to generate a self-renewing neuroblast, and a GMC committed in a differentiation pathway. This division is asymmetric by the differential segregation of cell fate determinants, inherited by the two daughter cells, but also asymmetric by the size, where the neuroblast is larger than the GMC. Originally two pathways have been identified, cell polarity and central spindle, for the control of asymmetric cleavage furrow positioning in these cells. We revealed that the determination and maintenance of cleavage furrow position require a third mechanism involving the peripheral microtubules. This microtubule sub-population is observed during cytokinesis in contact with the cleavage furrow. Moreover, we showed that the position of the central spindle is spatially separated from the cleavage furrow position, being slightly shifted toward the apical pole, suggesting that it is not required for its determination. Furthermore, we highlighted that the diminution of peripheral microtubules is associated with a relocalisation of the cleavage furrow toward the central spindle position, leading to a less asymmetric division. To conclude this study reveals that a third mechanism, depending on peripheral microtubules, is essential for the fidelity of the neuroblast asymmetric division in Drosophila melanogaster
Fourrière-Chea, Lou. "Etude de l'implication des microtubules dans le trafic intracellulaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066197/document.
Full textMicrotubules (MTs) are important for major cellular processes like cell polarization, intracellular trafficking, cell division, intracellular architecture. Organelles influence back the MTs organization and dynamics. The goal of my project was to study the involvement of MTs in the intracellular trafficking. Thanks to the Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) system to synchronize the trafficking of cargos and with an efficient way to depolymerize MTs, we showed that MTs were not strictly essential to secretion of cargos. More generally, we showed that intracellular trafficking is slowed down but still possible in the presence of a dispersed Golgi apparatus. Moreover, we characterized two populations of Golgi elements in cells without MTs that are different in terms of secretion ability and composition. Our results demonstrated that functional maturation of Golgi elements is needed to ensure post-Golgi trafficking and that MTs driven post-Golgi transport is not strictly required. Besides working on intracellular trafficking without MTs, we conducted a study on the exocytosis at the plasma membrane. By using an antibody coating on coverslips to immobilize secreted cargos, we visualized the first step of arrival at the plasma membrane. We observed a directed and polarized secretion close to focal adhesions that we characterized by different cell biology technics and microscopy (spinning disk, TIRF…). We highlighted a close relationship between forces exerted by the cell on its substrate and the directionality of the anterograde transport by using patterning and Traction Force Microscopy (TFM)
Bouguenina, Mohammed El Habib. "La protéine SMYLE (Short MYomegalin Like EB1 binding protein) dans l'organisation d'un complexe centrosomal, la régulation de la nucléation et la stabilisation des microtubules : conséquences sur la migration et la division des cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5060.
Full textMicrotubules (MT) are dynamic polymers anchored by their minus ends at the MT organizing centers while their highly dynamic plus end explores the cytoplasm until it get stabilized. This plus end capture allows the organization of the MT network. +TIPs are a group of proteins that share the commonality to associate either directly or indirectly to MT plus ends. EB1 is a central protein of the +TIP network that regulates MT dynamics and their interactions with plus end anchoring structures. Using targeted proteomics, we have characterized the EB1 interactome and revealed a set of protein previously shown to associate with the nucleating centers that included AKAP9 an anchoring protein for protein kinase A (PKA), the pericentriolar matrix protein CDK5RAP2 and a short Myomegalin isoform that we named SMYLE (Short MYomegalin Like EB1 binding protein). Molecular mapping revealed that the proteins formed a hierarchically organized complex. We have observed that the transient association of SMYLE to the newly nucleated MTs at the centrosome favored the nucleation and acetylation. Interestingly, SMYLE depletion led to MT nucleation defects, but also a disruption of cortical MT capture. These defects in the MT network were associated with a steep fall in the migratory potential of breast cancer cells and mitotic abnormalities. Our results allow proposing that SMYLE belongs to centrosomal supramolecular complex that favors the assembly and stability of newly nucleated MTs, thus contributing to major processes in tumor development
Zelinski, Björn [Verfasser], Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Kierfeld, and Kai Phillip [Gutachter] Schmidt. "Polymerization kinetics of single microtubules and microtubule bundles under force and confinement / Björn Zelinski. Betreuer: Jan Kierfeld. Gutachter: Kai Phillip Schmidt." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1101595396/34.
Full textFourrière-Chea, Lou. "Etude de l'implication des microtubules dans le trafic intracellulaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066197.
Full textMicrotubules (MTs) are important for major cellular processes like cell polarization, intracellular trafficking, cell division, intracellular architecture. Organelles influence back the MTs organization and dynamics. The goal of my project was to study the involvement of MTs in the intracellular trafficking. Thanks to the Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) system to synchronize the trafficking of cargos and with an efficient way to depolymerize MTs, we showed that MTs were not strictly essential to secretion of cargos. More generally, we showed that intracellular trafficking is slowed down but still possible in the presence of a dispersed Golgi apparatus. Moreover, we characterized two populations of Golgi elements in cells without MTs that are different in terms of secretion ability and composition. Our results demonstrated that functional maturation of Golgi elements is needed to ensure post-Golgi trafficking and that MTs driven post-Golgi transport is not strictly required. Besides working on intracellular trafficking without MTs, we conducted a study on the exocytosis at the plasma membrane. By using an antibody coating on coverslips to immobilize secreted cargos, we visualized the first step of arrival at the plasma membrane. We observed a directed and polarized secretion close to focal adhesions that we characterized by different cell biology technics and microscopy (spinning disk, TIRF…). We highlighted a close relationship between forces exerted by the cell on its substrate and the directionality of the anterograde transport by using patterning and Traction Force Microscopy (TFM)
David, Bruno. "Le rhazinilame : un nouveau poison des microtubules, étude chimique et biochimique." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P609.
Full textEscotto, Benjamin Alan. "Identification and characterization of BEN1, a novel microtubule associated protein in fission yeast." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/715.
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