Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microsymbionts

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Microsymbionts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Microsymbionts"

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Zuber, Nicolás Emilio, Laura Viviana Fornasero, Sofía Agostina Erdozain Bagolín, Mauricio Javier Lozano, Juan Sanjuán, María Florencia Del Papa, and Antonio Lagares. "Diversity, Genomics and Symbiotic Characteristics of Sinorhizobia That Nodulate Desmanthus spp. in Northwest Argentina." Biology 12, no. 7 (July 4, 2023): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12070958.

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Desmanthus spp. are legumes with the ability to associate with diverse α-proteobacteria—a microsymbiont—in order to establish nitrogen-fixing root nodules. A previous investigation from our laboratory revealed that the main bacteria associated with Desmanthus paspalaceus in symbiosis in central Argentina (Province of Santa Fe) were quite diverse and belonged to the genera Rhizobium and Mesorhizobium. To achieve a more extensive view of the local microsymbionts associated with Desmanthus spp., we sampled three different sites in Jujuy and Salta, in northwest Argentina. Matrix-assisted Laser-Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) typing, 16S-rDNA analysis, and genome sequencing demonstrated that the dominant root-nodule microsymbionts belonged to the genus Sinorhizobium, with some sequenced genomes related to Sinorhizobium mexicanum, Sinorhizobium chiapanecum, and Sinorhizobium psoraleae. An analysis of nodA and nodC markers indicated that, in some of the isolates, horizontal gene transfer appeared to be responsible for the lack of congruence between the phylogenies of the chromosome and of the symbiotic region. These results revealed diverse evolutionary strategies for reaching the current Desmanthus-microsymbiont diversity. What is remarkable beside their observed genetic diversity is that the tolerance profiles of these isolates to abiotic stresses (temperature, salt concentration, pH) were quite coincident with the separation of the sinorhizobia according to place of origin, suggesting possible ecoedaphic adaptations. This observation, together with the higher aerial dry-weight matter that some isolates generated in Desmanthus virgatus cv. Marc when compared to the biomass generated by the commercial strain Sinorhizobium terangae CB3126, distinguish the collected sinorhizobia as constituting valuable germplasm for evaluation in local fields to select for more efficient symbiotic pairs.
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Ritchie, Nancy J., and David D. Myrold. "Phylogenetic placement of unculturedCeanothusmicrosymbionts using 16S rRNA gene sequences." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 9 (December 18, 1999): 1208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-080.

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Full-length 16S rDNA sequences were amplified directly from the nodules of Ceanothus americanus L. and Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Eschsch. using the polymerase chain reaction. Sequences were determined using an automated sequencer, compared against those in GenBank, and assembled into consensus sequences. The sequences were aligned with other full-length Frankia 16S rDNA sequences available from the data base. Phylogenetic trees were obtained using three different algorithms: neighbor joining, parsimony, and the maximum-likelihood method. All three methods showed that these Ceanothus L. microsymbionts were most closely related to the microsymbiont associated with Dryas drummondii Richardson ex Hook. Lvs. rather than Frankia isolated from the Elaeagnaceae.Key words: Frankia, Ceanothus, 16S rDNA.
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Bukharin, O. V., I. N. Chainikova, E. V. Ivanova, N. B. Perunova, T. A. Bondarenko, and A. I. Smolyagin. "IMMUNOREGULATORY PROFILE OF MICROSYMBIONTS OF THE INTESTINAL HUMAN BIOTOPE." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2018-4-42-51.

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Aim. To study in comparison immunoregulatory properties of dominant and associative microsymbionts metabolites in human large intestine’s eubiosis and dysbiosis. Materials and methods. 260 strains of bifidobacteria used as dominant microbiota, 132 cultures of conditionally pathogenic bacteria and fungi used as associative microsymbionts from 122 intestinal microsymbiocenoses. The cytokines production was studied in cultures of mononuclear cells co-cultivated with microsymbionts’ supernatants. The results were processed statistically (Statistica 10.0). Results. In eubiosis, dominant and associative microsymbionts showed immuno regulatory properties heterogeneity. In the case of phlogogenic cytokines, the associates equally exhibited stimulation / suppression / no effect on cytokines, except for enterococci and bacteroids, stimulating IL-8 secretion, and lactobacilli, inducing IFNy. Dominants were characterized by a unidirectional effect: IL-10 secretion stimulation and TNFa, IFNy and IL-17suppression, while retaining the induction of IL-10 in dysbiosis. In contrast, supernatants of the associates combined the opposing cytokines production: the early proinflammatory cytokine TNFa, the immunoregulatory cytokine IFNy and the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusion. Intestinal homeostasis in eubiosis is supported by differentiated effects of microsymbionts’ metabolites on the production of antiinflammatory, immunoregulatory cytokines with the formation of an optimal balance, limiting inflammatory and autoimmune reactions. The dominance of the immunoregulatory properties remains intact in the conditions of dysbiosis, and the variety of effects on pro-/antiin-flammatory cytokines is limited in the associates.
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Abdurashytov, S. F. "INFLUENCE OF MICROSYMBIONTS ON SOYBEAN YIELD." Agriciltural microbiology 15 (June 21, 2012): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.15.29-39.

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Seeds inoculation with preparations created on the basis of new associations of Glomus P3 and S7 and Rhizobofit has positively influenced formation of triple symbiosis and enhanced yield of soybean of «Annushka» variety in comparison with seeds inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum only.
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Wdowiak, Sylwia, and Wanda Małek. "Numerical Analysis of Astragalus cicer Microsymbionts." Current Microbiology 41, no. 2 (August 21, 2000): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010108.

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Nikolenko, Marina V., Ekaterina M. Vaseva, Natalya V. Baryshnikova, and Olga I. Malishevskaya. "Chronobiological approach to study microsymbiont catalase activity in female reproductive tract." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 13, no. 6 (February 2, 2024): 1187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-cat-15453.

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Catalase is a heme-containing enzyme belonging to protection factors that destroys peroxide compounds. The presence of catalase activity is an important ability of microorganisms that allows them to be protected from unfavorable factors as well as adapt to macroorganism conditions. Catalase along with superoxide dismutase plays an important role in pathogen resistance to phagocyte oxygen-dependent bactericidal mechanisms. The aim of the study was to investigate microsymbiont catalase activity from female reproductive tract in normocenosis and candidiasis dysbiosis using the chronobiological approach. The study was conducted on clinical isolates, isolated from female reproductive tract microsymbiocenosis. The catalase activity was determined by spectrophotometry based on 24 hour-long hydrogen peroxide reduction with 3-hours interval in winter season. Dynamic hydrogen peroxide was assessed in 3–5 experiment replicates. In some Lactobacillus spp., catalase was found containing no heme group — pseudocatalase. Chronobiological approach allowed to reveal enzyme activity from all microsymbionts. The dominant and associative microbiota isolated from healthy females was characterized by circadian (24 hours) rhythms of catalase activity early in the morning — 5 a.m. (р 0.05). Hydrogen peroxide decomposes spontaneously or via non-enzymatic catalysts, and microorganisms cope with this situation under such conditions. In microsymbionts characteristic of female reproductive tract dysbiosis, and usually found in large numbers along with decreased Lactobacillus spp. ultradian rhythms with 12- and 8-hour harmonics of catalase activity with acrophase were recorded in the morning (8 a.m.) and evening hours (8 p.m.). The minimum values of enzyme production in all cultures were recorded at 12 p.m. and 5 p.m. Therefore, the contribution of the rhythm of the studied parameter at varying degree of vaginal sterility reflects the adaptive pathogen capabilities to the conditions of existence and can be the basis for studying related regulatory mechanisms. Mesor and amplitude phase stability are universal rhythmometric parameters used to evaluate patient’s condition independent of species assignment.
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Baymiev, An, O. Lastochkina, I. Koryakov, E. Akimova, A. Vladimirova, and Al Baymiev. "Regularities of the genotype’s distribution of phylogenetically homogenous bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum in the nodules of separate populations of Lathyrus vernus (spring pea) plants." Biomics 13, no. 1 (2021): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2021-8.

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The genotypes of phylogenetically homogeneous Rhizobium leguminosarum bacterial strains in nodules of Lathyrus vernus plants were studied. The degree of genetic variation between bacteria within nodules of one L. vernus population correlated with the distance between host plants: the greater the distance, the greater the genetic differences between their microsymbionts. This may be due to the ongoing process of exchanging genetic information between Rhizobium strains, with the depends on the distance between them. But in some cases, this pattern was not observed, and there were significant differences between the microsymbionts of neighboring plants. Most likely, with the exception of spatial limitations, there are some other barriers that exist to the free exchange of genetic information between nodule bacteria.
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Florentino, Ligiane Aparecida, Ana Paula Guimarães, Márcia Rufini, Krisle da Silva, and Fátima Maria de Souza Moreira. "Sesbania virgata stimulates the occurrence of its microsymbiont in soils but does not inhibit microsymbionts of other species." Scientia Agricola 66, no. 5 (October 2009): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162009000500012.

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The legume species Sesbania virgata establishes a specific and efficient symbiosis with Azorhizobium doebereinerae. Previous studies have shown that A. doebereinerae occurrence correlates to the presence of S. virgata. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of A. doebereinerae and of other nitrogen-fixing Leguminosae-nodulating bacteria (NFLNB) in soil samples collected adjacent to and 10 m away from the stems of five S. virgata plants in pasture areas. Symbiotic characteristics of isolates from these NFLNB populations were also studied. S. virgata and the four promiscuous legume species Leucaena leucocephala, Macroptilium atropurpureum, Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata were inoculated with soil samples to trap A. doebereinerae and other NFLNB. NFLNB capable of inducing nodulation in at least one of these legumes were found in all samples. M. atropurpureum was the most promiscuous species, as it trapped the highest number of NFLNB cultural types from soil suspensions. The other species were less promiscuous in the following order: V. unguiculata, P. vulgaris, and L. leucocephala. Isolates of the promiscuous legumes were classified into seven cultural groups. One of these groups, isolated from all promiscuous species, showed fast-growth alkali-reaction in culture medium (like Azorhizobium); it was identified as Cupriavidus. This is the first report of symbiosis of Cupriavidus with Papilionoideae species. The symbiotic efficiency of promiscuous hosts with NFLNB varied, but it was always less than that of controls with mineral nitrogen or an inoculant strain. S. virgata was efficiently nodulated only by A. doebereinerae, which occurred mainly in samples collected close to the plant stem, corroborating a high stimulus by its host species. A high diversity of NFLNB occurs as saprophytes close to the S. virgata root system.
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Wdowiak-Wróbel, Sylwia, and Wanda Małek. "Following phylogenetic tracks of Astragalus cicer microsymbionts." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 97, no. 1 (October 11, 2009): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-009-9384-x.

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Łotocka, Barbara. "Structure of root nodules in <i>Laburnum anagyroides</i> Medik." Acta Agrobotanica 77 (March 7, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa/176077.

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The structure of the <i>Laburnum anagyroides</i> root nodules was studied by means of classical light and transmission electron microscopy methods. The ability of cross-inoculation and effective nodulation by rhizobial microsymbionts, effective in other genistean species, was not confirmed in <i>L. anagyroides</i>. However, the seedlings were successfully albeit ineffectively nodulated by non-identified rhizobia from soil sampled under established <i>L. anagyroides</i> trees. The microscopic (ultra)structure of these nodules met the basic criteria of genistoid nodules: their meristem was apically positioned and contained two domains (infected and non-infected one), non-bacteroidal rhizobia persisted in apoplast enclaves, and intra-nodule rhizobial infection was passed from cell to cell by host cell division and not by infection threads. The developmental disturbances detected in the nodules (primarily, formation of multi-bacteroid sacs instead of typical single-bacteroid symbiosomes and proliferation apoplast enclaves with accompanying cell wall discontinuities) suggested that the host plant incorrectly recognized the microsymbiont used in the present study.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microsymbionts"

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Saha, Manas Ranjan. "Medicinal and molecular documentation of some members of mimosaceae and their microsymbionts." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/hdl.handle.net/123456789/2557.

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Naamala, J., SK Jaiswal, and FD Dakora. "Microsymbiont diversity and phylogeny of native bradyrhizobia associated with soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) nodulation in South African soils." Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2016. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001977.

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Abstract The genetic diversity and identification of slow- and fast- growing soybean root nodule bacterial isolates from different agro-climatic regions in Mpumalanga, Limpopo and Gauteng Provinces of South Africa were evaluated. The 16S-rDNA-RFLP analysis of 100 rhizobial isolates and eight reference type strains placed the isolates into six major clusters, and revealed their site-dependent genomic diversity. Sequence analysis of single and concatenated housekeeping genes (atpD, glnII and gyrB), as well as the symbiotic gene nifH captured a considerably higher level of genetic diversity and indicated the dominance of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens and Bradyrhizobium japonicum in Mpumalanga, Limpopo and Gauteng Provinces. Gene sequence similarities of isolates with type strains of Bradyrhizobium ranged from 97.3 to 100% for the 16S rDNA, and 83.4 to 100% for the housekeeping genes. The glnII gene phylogeny showed discordance with the other genes, suggesting lateral gene transfer or recombination events. Concatenated gene sequence analysis showed that most of the isolates did not align with known type strains and might represent new species from South Africa. This underscores the high genetic variability associated with soybean Bradyrhizobium in South African soils, and the presence of an important reservoir of novel soybean-nodulating bradyrhizobia in the country. In this study, the grouping of isolates was influenced by site origin, with Group I isolates originating from Limpopo Province and Group II and III from Mpumlanga Province in the 16S rDNA-RFLP analysis.
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Brunel, Brigitte. "Stabilité phénotypique et génétique de souches bactériennes introduites dans le sol : cas du Bradyrhizobium japonicum, microsymbiote du soja." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10149.

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Etude de la derive genetique eventuelle de bradyrhizobium japonicum apres inoculation dans le sol de souches depuis 8, 10 et 13 ans. Les organismes sont reisoles par piegeage par la plante et les 122 isolats obtenus sont compares avec les populations parentales a l'aide de caracteres phenotypiques et genetiques
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Brunel, Brigitte. "Stabilité phénotypique et génétique de souches bactériennes introduites dans le sol cas du Bradyrhizobium japonicum, microsymbiote du soja /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612248m.

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Books on the topic "Microsymbionts"

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R, Kindt, Von Carlowitz P, and International Centre for Research in Agroforestry., eds. Tree seed suppliers directory: Sources of seeds and microsymbionts. Nairobi, Kenya: International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microsymbionts"

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Pacovsky, Raymond S., and Glenn Fuller. "Lipids of Soybean Inoculated with Microsymbionts." In The Metabolism, Structure, and Function of Plant Lipids, 349–51. Boston, MA: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5263-1_63.

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El Idrissi, Mustapha Missbah, and Hanaa Abdelmoumen. "Diversity of Trigonella foenum graecum Microsymbionts in Morocco." In Fenugreek, 283–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_13.

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El Idrissi, Mustapha Missbah, and Hanaa Abdelmoumen. "Diversity of Trigonella foenum graecum Microsymbionts in Morocco." In Fenugreek, 283–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_13.

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Devine, T. E. "Host Range and Compatibility of Soybean with Rhizobial Microsymbionts." In World Soybean Research Conference III: Proceedings, 484–92. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429267932-81.

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Biró, Borbala, Krisztina Köves-Péchy, Merope Tsimilli-Michael, and Reto J. Strasser. "Role of Beneficial Microsymbionts on the Plant Performance and Plant Fitness." In Soil Biology, 265–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29420-1_14.

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Varghese, Rajani, Vineeta Singh Chauhan, and Arvind Kumar Misra. "Evolutionary implications of nucleotide sequence relatedness between Alnus nepalensis and Alnus glutinosa and also between corresponding Frankia microsymbionts." In Frankia Symbiosis, 219–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1601-7_23.

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Panwar, Jitendra, R. S. Yadav, B. K. Yadav, and J. C. Tarafdar. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizae: A Dynamic Microsymbiont for Sustainable Agriculture." In Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, 159–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8770-7_6.

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Werner, D., A. Jacobi, T. Winzer, and P. Müller. "Symbiosomes Under Control of Plant and Microsymbiont Genes." In Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals and Applications, 449–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0379-4_53.

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Jorrín, Beatriz, and Juan Imperial. "Pool-Seq Analysis of Microsymbiont Selection by the Legume Plant Host." In Biological Nitrogen Fixation, 725–36. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119053095.ch72.

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Köves-Péchy, K., B. Biró, I. Willis, T. Takács, E. Osztoics, and R. J. Strasser. "Enhanced Activity of Microsymbiont-Alfalfa System Probed by the Fast Fluorescence Rise OJIP." In Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects, 2765–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3953-3_652.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microsymbionts"

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Yakubovskaya, A. I., I. A. Kameneva, T. N. Melnichuk, T. V. Matveeva, M. V. Gritchin, and S. F. Abdyrashitov. "Agrobacterium tumefaciens - associative microsymbionts of grain crop." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.281.

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The installed absence of Ti-plasmids in the genome structure of strains of diazotrophic bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens 32 and A. tumefaciens P3 was found, which characterizes the strains as non-pathogenic. Bacterization of grain seeds by associative bacterial strains stimulates root development by up to 40%.
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Provorov, N. A., A. K. Kimeklis, E. R. Chirak, O. P. Onishchuk, O. N. Kurchak, and E. E. Andronov. "Microsymbionts of plants as the models of evolutionary genetics." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.200.

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Nodule bacteria are presented as models for developing the major problems of evolutionary genetics – analysis of the trade-off between macro- and microevolution, progressive and adaptive evolution, individual and cooperative adaptations.
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Zhukov, V. A., A. M. Afonin, G. A. Akhtemova, A. D. Bovin, A. V. Dolgikh, A. P. Gorshkov, E. S. Gribchenko, et al. "Study of the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) symbioses in post-genomic era." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.289.

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Mutualistic symbioses formed by garden pea have been studied with use of ‘omic’ technologies in order to gain a new understanding of molecular mechanisms of beneficial effect that microsymbionts have on seed yield and quality. Keywords: garden pea, transcriptomics, nitrogen fixation, arbuscular mycorrhiza, PGPB
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Belimov, A., A. Sazanova, E. Chirak, I. Kuznetsova, E. Andronov, A. Kitaeva, V. Tsyganov, I. Tikhonovich, and V. Safronova. "Interaction between co-microsymbionts having complementary setssymbiotic genes in relic bean-rhizobial systems." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-62.

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Sulima, A. S., A. M. Afonin, T. I. Maslikova, and V. A. Zhukov. "The specificity of nodule symbiosis of legumes in the context of the “arms race” between macro- and microsymbionts." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.238.

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The specificity of nodule symbiosis of garden pea at different stages was studied. The Sym2 gene responsible for the specific recognition of microsymbiont has been identified and described. The strain-specificity of symbiosis in two Fix- mutants was shown.
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Guro, P. V., V. I. Safronova, A. L. Sazanova, I. G. Kuznetsova, A. A. Belimov, and V. V. Yakubov. "Taxonomic position of the rhizobial microsymbionts of four species of Oxytropis growing in Kamchatka." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.125.

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Guro, P., V. Safronova, A. Sazanova, I. Kuznetsova, A. Belimov, V. Yakubov, E. Chirak, A. Afonin, E. Andronov, and I. Tikhonovich. "Rhizobial microsymbionts of the narrowly endemic Oxytropis species growing in Kamchatka possess a set of genes that are associated with T3SS and T6SS secretion systems and can affect the development of symbiosis." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.099.

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A collection of rhizobial strains isolated from root nodules of the narrowly endemic legume species Oxytropis erecta, O. anadyrensis, O. kamtschatica and O. pumilio growing on the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian Federation) was obtained. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed a significant diversity of isolates belonging to the families Rhizobiaceae (Rhizobium), Phyllobacteriaceae (Mesorhizobium, Phyllobacterium) and Bradyrhizobiaceae (Bosea, Tardiphaga). Pairs of taxonomically different strains in various combinations were isolated from some nodules of Oxytropis plants. Plant nodulation assays showed that only strains belonging to the genus Mesorhizobium (M. jarvisii, M. loti and M. huakuii) could form nitrogen-fixing nodules. The nitrogen-fixing activity of the strains was more associated with the host plant than with the species of strains. The whole genome sequences analysis showed that the strains M. loti 582 and M. huakuii 583 possessed symbiotic genes necessary for the formation of effective symbiosis and grouped into Sym-clusters. In contrast, the strain T. robiniae 581 had only a reduced number of fix genes, while the strains Phyllobacterium sp. 628 and R. lusitanum 629 possesed only individual symbiotic genes, which obviously did not participate in the formation of nodules. It was also stated that the strains M. loti 582 and M. huakuii 583 had a significantly larger set of genes related to the secretion systems T3SS and T6SS that can affect the host specificity of strains, compared with 6 commercial strains used as reference. These two strains formed nodules of two types (typical elongated and atypical rounded) on Oxytropis plants. We suggest that a possible cause of the observed phenomenon is the availability of different nodulation strategies in these strains (dependent and independent of Nod-factors). Thus, as a result of studying the collection of strains isolated from the narrow endemic species of Kamchatka Oxytropis, interesting objects were selected to study the functions of the T3SS and T6SS genes, and their role in the development of rhizobia-legume symbiosis. The prospects of using strains with gene systems for both symbiotic and non-symbiotic nodulation to enhance the efficiency of plant-microbe interactions by expanding the host specificity and increasing the efficiency of nodulation are discussed.
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Muntyan, Victoria S., Alla S. Saksaganskaia, Alexey N. Muntyan, Mariia E. Vladimirova, and Marina L. Roumiantseva. "STRESS AND IMMUNITY OF NODULE BACTERIA SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI: LOCALIZATION, POLYMORPHISM AND PHYLOGENY OF GENETIC DETERMINANTS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s25.15.

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Sinorhizobium meliloti are agriculturally valuable species of soil bacteria that form nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with alfalfa plants. Global climate changes lead to an increase of agricultural areas subjected to salinity. Current knowledge about about high-salt stress impact on soil saprophitic root nodulated microsymbionts of legumes is weakly studied and rhizobia gene pool responsible for salt tolerance are fragment and far from clear. An increase of bacteria nonspecific resistance (immune status) to unfavorable stress factors can occur through the induction of defense mechanisms like restrictionmodification systems and CRISPR/cas systems which are aimed to protect bacteria cells from bacteriophages widespread in soil microbiome. The aim of this research was to evaluate the role of the megaplasmid pSymA in the formation of ecological genome of S. meliloti, which is related to stress tolerance and to determine the location of elements of adaptive immune systems protecting root nodule bacteria against external foreign DNA. The analysis was done on 11 genes, products of which involved in response to ion stress and synthesis of osmoprotectors. It was found that 6 out of 11 genes were found in the genomes of all analyzed S. meliloti strains, while it was not a case for other 5 genes. It was found that, unlike chromosome, megaplasmid I of S. meliloti accumulated copies of 4 from 5 genes, except kdpA gene, which is represented by a single copy and localized on megaplasmid I in all so far studied strains. It was predicted that closest phylogenetic relatives of genes whose products are involved in response to ion stress as well in synthesis of osmoprotectors are homologous genes of closely related S. medicae species. The exception was for betI2, for which the closest phylogenetic relative was homologous gene of Klebsiella pneumonia, and another exception is kdpA gene introduced onto megaplasmid-I from actinobacteria. Regarding elements of immune systems it was revealed that nonsymbiotic plasmids of S. meliloti harbored incomplete elements of RMS-I, -II, and - III systems, while the 4 complete RMS-IV systems were detected on a single plasmid. It was found out that corresponding methylases had similarities with similar enzymes detected in nitrogen-fixing strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Mezorhizobium sp., Bradyrhizobium sp. CRISPR sequences were not detected on megaplasmid-I, while they were on chromosome, megaplasmid-II and on cryptic plasmids. So, it was concluded that megaplasmid-I of S. meliloti are enriched in copies of genes related to osmotic stress tolerance, but it role in immune status of rhizobia is requested further elucidation.
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9

Muntyan, Victoria S., Mariia E. Vladimirova, Alexey M. Afonin, Alexey N. Muntyan, and Marina L. Roumiantseva. "ANALYSIS OF SALT-SENSITIVE AND SALT-TOLERANT SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI STRAINS USING DNA MICROARRAY, PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY AND GENOME MINING TECHNIQUES." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/6.1/s25.15.

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Nodule bacteria increase the resistance of host plants to abiotic stress factors; however, the role of the genetic potential of rhizobia in the formation of productive salt-tolerant plant-microbial symbiosis remains underestimated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pool of genes responsible for the salt tolerance of the alfalfa microsymbiont, Sinorhizobium meliloti, using the DNA microarray technique, phenotype microarray (PM), NGS and NNGS-technologies and genome mining (antismash 5.0). As a result of the analysis of the genomes of strains contrastingly different in salt tolerance, it was found that nucleotide changes in genes in salt-sensitive strains occurred significantly more often in genomic islands located on the chromosome. The genome of the salttolerant strain contained at least 25 genes involved in the DNA replication and repair and metabolism of nucleotides (1 KEGG group), amino acids (8 KEGG groups), lipids (2 KEGG groups), and carbohydrates (4 KEGG groups). Genomic analysis of the saltsensitive strain revealed 2 unique secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters on pSymB (NAGGN) and on the cryptic plasmid (phosphonate and ectoine), while both gene clusters are involved in the synthesis of substances that involved in osmotic stress response. In the genomes of salt-tolerant phenotype strains, changes occurred in a smaller number of genes belonging to other KEGG groups. Two unique clusters of antibiotic synthesis, the class of macrolides (conglobactin) and aminoglycosides (2- deoxystreptamine), as well as an additional cluster of synthesis of thioamitide RiPPs, were identified on the chromosome of a salt-tolerant strain using genome mining. The use of the PM technique made it possible to show that the salt-tolerant strain is resistant to 10 beta-lactam antibiotics, 7 cephalosporins, 9 aminoglycoside antibiotics, 5 tetracyclines, polymyxin E, and 16 antibiotics that block the synthesis of DNA, RNA, enzymes and proteins, while the salt-sensitive strain grew up on alternative sources of organic sulfur and carbon. The revealed characteristics of strains that contrastingly differ in stress tolerance are promising for their use in agrobiotechnology.
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Reports on the topic "Microsymbionts"

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Phillips, Donald, and Yoram Kapulnik. Using Flavonoids to Control in vitro Development of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613012.bard.

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Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and other beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, such as Rhizobium bacteria, must locate and infect a host plant before either symbiont profits. Although benefits of the VAM association for increased phosphorous uptake have been widely documented, attempts to improve the fungus and to produce agronomically useful amounts of inoculum have failed due to a lack of in vitro production methods. This project was designed to extend our prior observation that the alfalfa flavonoid quercetin promoted spore germination and hyphal growth of VAM fungi in the absence of a host plant. On the Israeli side of the project, a detailed examination of changes in flavonoids and flavonoid-biosynthetic enzymes during the early stages of VAM development in alfalfa found that VAM fungi elicited and then suppressed transcription of a plant gene coding for chalcone isomerase, which normally is associated with pathogenic infections. US workers collaborated in the identification of flavonoid compounds that appeared during VAM development. On the US side, an in vitro system for testing the effects of plant compounds on fungal spore germination and hyphal growth was developed for use, and intensive analyses of natural products released from alfalfa seedlings grown in the presence and absence of microorganisms were conducted. Two betaines, trigonelline and stachydrine, were identified as being released from alfalfa seeds in much higher concentrations than flavonoids, and these compounds functioned as transcriptional signals to another alfalfa microsymbiont, Rhizobium meliloti. However, these betaines had no effect on VAM spore germination or hyphal growth i vitro. Experiments showed that symbiotic bacteria elicited exudation of the isoflavonoids medicarpin and coumestrol from legume roots, but neither compound promoted growth or germination of VAM fungi in vitro. Attempts to look directly in alfalfa rhizosphere soil for microbiologically active plant products measured a gradient of nod-gene-inducing activity in R. meliloti, but no novel compounds were identified for testing in the VAM fungal system in vitro. Israeli field experiments on agricultural applications of VAM were very successful and developed methods for using VAM to overcome stunting in peanuts and garlic grown in Israel. In addition, deleterious effects of soil solarization on growth of onion, carrot and wheat were linked to effects on VAM fungi. A collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward enhancing the agronomic benefits of VAM asociations produced new knowledge on symbiotic biology and successful methods for using VAM inocula under field conditions
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