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Academic literature on the topic 'Microstructure (physique) – Imagerie spectroscopique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microstructure (physique) – Imagerie spectroscopique"
Armanni, Thibaut. "Étude de nouveaux alliages de titane pour applications aéronautiques hautes températures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0342.
Full textImproving the high-temperature resistance of titanium alloys is a major challenge for the aerospace industry. Exceeding the current limit of 550°C in aircraft engines requires finding the best compromise between good oxidation resistance and good mechanical properties. Near-alpha alloys consisting mainly of a compact hexagonal phase are the best candidates. Unfortunately, they are sensitive to cold creep-fatigue, known as the dwell effect. In this context, our work aims to achieve two main objectives. Firstly, to contribute to the design of new near-alpha alloys based on machine learning, supported by extensive mechanical testing, at both ambient and high temperatures. Secondly, to gain a better understanding of the effect of chemical composition, particularly silicon content, on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour. Our approach was based on multi-scale microstructure study of selected alloys using a combination of different microscopy techniques. We examined the influence of a variation in silicon content using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We showed that silicide precipitation occurs above a certain silicon content. We demonstrated the limitations of two-dimensional analysis, and used an alternative technique combining ion beam cutting (FIB) with SEM observation to reconstruct the 3D microstructure. This approach enabled us to analyze and quantify the shapes, sizes and spatial distributions of the silicides. Finally, we carried out tensile tests at different strain rates as well as creep tests under various conditions to better understand how silicon addition improves the behaviour of near-alpha alloys
Richard, Alain. "Outils pour la spectroscopie en champ proche optique : application à l'imagerie hyperspectrale." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112338.
Full textOptical studies of single nanoobjects imply the development of tools allowing a high spatial selection and of high optical sensitivity. I have implemented a set-up dedicated to such studies, by combining scanning near-field optical microscopy and fluorescence or Raman spectroscopy. The analysis of single nanoobject properties is derived from hyperspectral optical imaging. Both the total intensity of the emitted signal and its spectrum are recorded at each location of the probed sample area. For that purpose, I have built specific devices, among which an original all electric sensor to measure distances in the nanometer range. It is based on shear force principle. The movement of the sample is obtained with a 50 micronmeters dynamical range flat scanner including piezoelectric tubes. An optical sensor, that I have developed, controls the scanner displacement in order to compensate the scan for the near-field region. . .
Lagrange, Jean-François. "Etude spectroscopique et imagerie rapide d'une plume d'ablation laser obtenue à partir de cibles céramiques d'oxydes complexes (CaCu3Ti4O12 et BaxSr1-xTiO3)." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951389.
Full textReinhart, Guillaume. "Dynamique de formation de la microstructure de solidification d' alliages métalliques : caractérisation par imagerie synchrotron." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30039.
Full textWe studied in situ and real-time the directional solidification of thin samples of binary alloys and a quasicrystal using both X-ray radiography and topography techniques. On Al-3. 5wt%Ni non-refined alloys, we studied the formation of the initial state and the solidification front morphology (cellular then dendritic growth). Mechanical strains wer highlighted. The Columnar to Equiaxed Transition was studied on Al-3. 5wt%Ni refined alloys. We described the blocking of the columnar front and the following equiaxed growth regime. The refining particles efficiency reaches a limit. An analysis of the microstructure morphology was performed. The study of the i-AlPdMn quasicrystal shows the growth of faceted dodecahedral grains. Thermosolutal convection effects were highlighted. Strain visualisation shows a strong deformation of grains. The apparition of porosity was observed during fusion of grains
Nguyen, Thanh Tung. "Modeling of complex microcracking in cement based materials by combining numerical simulations based on a phase-field method and experimental 3D imaging." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1152/document.
Full textAn approach combining numerical simulations and experimental techniques is developed to model complex microcracking in heterogeneous cementitious materials. The proposed numerical model allowed us to predict accurately in 3D the initiation and the propagation of microcracks at the scale of the actual microstructure of a real sample subjected to compression. Its predictions have been validated by a direct comparison with the actual crack network characterized by 3D imaging techniques. In a first part, the numerical simulation tools are developed and tested. More specifically, the phase-field method is applied to microcracking simulations in highly heterogeneous microstructures and its advantages for such simulations are discussed. Then, the technique is extended to account for interfacial cracking, possibly occurring at inclusion/matrix interfaces. In a second part, the experimental methods used and developed in this work are described. The procedures to obtain the evolution of the 3D crack network within the samples by means of X-rays computed microtomography and in-situ mechanical testing are presented. Then, we focus on the developed image processing tools based on digital volume correlation to extract with good accuracy the cracks from the grey level images. In a third part, we compare the predictions of the numerical model with experimental results obtained, first, with a model material made of expanded polystyrene beads embedded in a plaster matrix, and second, to a more complex lightweight concrete. More precisely, we use the experimental data to identify by inverse approaches the local microstructural parameters, and use the experimental displacements measured by digital volume correlation to define boundary conditions to be applied on sub-domains within the sample for the simulations. The obtained direct comparisons of 3D microcrack networks and their evolutions demonstrate the very good predictive capability of the numerical model
Lebois, Alice. "Brain microstructure mapping using quantitative and diffsusion MRI." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063198.
Full textVo, Quoc Thang. "Imagerie d'essais mécaniques sur des composites à matrice métallique : contribution expérimentale à la validation de méthodes d'homogénéisation et identification de propriétés mécaniques par phases." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20151/document.
Full textThis work is focused on a matrix/inclusion metal composite. A simple method is proposed to evaluate the elastic properties of one phase while the properties of the other phase are assumed to be known. The method is based on both an inverse homogenization scheme and mechanical field's measurements by 2D digital image correlation. The originality of the approach rests on the scale studied, i.e. the microstructure scale of material: the characteristic size of the inclusions is about few tens of microns. The evaluation is performed on standard uniaxial tensile tests associated with a long-distance microscope. It allows observation of the surface of a specimen on the microstructure scale during the mechanical stress. First, the accuracy of the method is estimated on ‘perfect' mechanical fields coming from numerical simulations for four microstructures: elastic or porous single inclusions having either spherical or cylindrical shape. Second, this accuracy is estimated on real mechanical field for two simple microstructures: an elasto-plastic metallic matrix containing a single cylindrical micro void or four cylindrical micro voids arranged in a square pattern. Third, the method is used to evaluate elastic properties of inclusions with arbitrary shape in an oxidized Zircaloy-4 sample of the fuel cladding of a pressurized water reactor after an accident loss of coolant accident (LOCA). In all this study, the phases are assumed to have isotropic properties
Goutailler, Florent. "Polarisation dynamique nucléaire à basse température et fort champ magnétique pour des applications biomédicales en imagerie spectroscopique par résonance magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672305.
Full textRan, Peipei. "Imaging and diagnostic of sub-wavelength micro-structures, from closed-form algorithms to deep learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG061.
Full textElectromagnetic probing of a gridlike, finite set of infinitely long circular cylindrical dielectric rods affected by missing ones is investigated from time-harmonic single and multiple frequency data. Sub-wavelength distances between adjacent rods and sub-wavelength rod diameters are assumed throughout the frequency band of operation and this leads to a severe challenge due to need of super-resolution within the present micro-structure, well beyond the Rayleigh criterion. A wealth of solution methods is investigated and comprehensive numerical simulations illustrate pros and cons, completed by processing laboratory-controlled experimental data acquired on a micro-structure prototype in a microwave anechoic chamber. These methods, which differ per a priori information accounted for and consequent versatility, include time-reversal, binary-specialized contrast-source and sparsity-constrained inversions, and convolutional neural networks possibly combined with recurrent ones
Lavoie, Sébastien. "Sur l’extraction de spectres en absorption de sources ponctuelles et étendues avec SpIOMM." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30669/30669.pdf.
Full textInstalled at the Mont-Mégantic Observatory, the imaging Fourier transform spectrometer SpIOMM possesses a large field of view and high throughput. This places it favourably when compared to other astronomical integral field spectrometers. Until now, the work done with the instrument has been limited to the study of emission lines. The physical processes behind absorption features are also important and their study can gain from an instrument like SpIOMM. We explore SpIOMM’s capabilities for the study of absorption line spectra. Absorption lines are more sensitive to noise than their emission counterpart. A different reduction process is used. Extended sources and point sources are studied. We present spectra from stars in clusters and the galaxy M87. The analysis shows SpIOMM’s capabilities for both types of sources. The results are important since a new imaging Fourier transform spectrometer, SITELLE, is to be delivered to the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope in 2014.