Journal articles on the topic 'Microsoft Visio;Evaluation'
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Pahlevanynejad, Shahrbanoo, Navid Danaei, and Reza Safdari. "Design, implementation, and evaluation of an innovative intelligence information management system for premature infants." DIGITAL HEALTH 8 (January 2022): 205520762211277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221127776.
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Introduction Low birth weight is the most important condition of neonatal community health and the main cause of neonates' mortality. Identifying the indexes associated with this condition, and factors to prevent, and managing related data can help reduce the birth of premature infants to reduce the mortality rate due to this condition. The goal of present study was to design, implement and evaluate an innovative intelligence information management system for premature infants. Material and method The present study was a multidisciplinary research that was done in 2019 to 2021 in four integrated phases in Iran. The first phase aimed to compare the current status of registration systems of premature infants through a systematic review and semi-structured interviews by using the Delphi model Then the minimum data set was determined and was designed a proposed model based on it. In the second phase, the structure and how the user interacts with the system were determined, and, using Microsoft Visio software, Unified Modeling Language diagrams were drawn to define the logical relationship of data. In the third phase, the system was developed, and finally in the last phase, in three methods, users' views on the usability of the system were evaluated. Results The findings of this study included 233 essential data elements that were placed in two main groups of essential data, and the system was approved by end users for 87.73% consent and 67.19% satisfaction for SUMI (Software Usability Measurement Inventory) and 7.97 of 9 in QUIS questionnaire. Conclusion This research's results can be beneficial and functional such as a complete sample for design and development of other systems concerned to health systems.
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Korsoveczki, Gyula, Balázs Bencsik, and Géza Husi. "Optical Inspection of CPVC Fitting Elbows and Fault Diagnosis of the Production Process." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 15, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2021.15.11.
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Abstract The topic of this study is the optical inspection of CPVC fitting elbows concerning the geometric parameters that can be detected in 2 dimensions. Based on the evaluation of the results, fault diagnosis has been set up for the production line by statistical calculations. The optical inspection was carried out in the Vision Development Module software environment produced by National Instruments, and the data were evaluated using Microsoft Excel.
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Fiqri, Arijalul, Yuda Syahidin, and Meira Hidayati. "PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KUNJUNGAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN BERBASIS WEB." Jurnal SAINTEKOM 12, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33020/saintekom.v12i1.225.
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The design of an outpatient visit information system is a form of need for the hospital system which is believed to provide convenience for medical record officers in analyzing outpatient visit data. I hope that with the outpatient information system it can be easier to access data and store data. The outpatient visit system is not computerized and officers need to re-enter visit data to manage patient visit data and this is quite time-consuming which causes the information produced to be slow, less accurate and irrelevant. For this reason, researchers evaluate the existing work system at the hospital order to improve good system governance. Researchers use Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 determining the program. The results in this system are that initial introduction to prospective system users, a performance evaluation is carried out to anticipate changes information needs the future and is more thorough in lending and storing medical record files.
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Meli, Leonardo, Claudio Pacchierotti, Gionata Salvietti, Francesco Chinello, Maurizio Maisto, Alessandro De Luca, and Domenico Prattichizzo. "Combining Wearable Finger Haptics and Augmented Reality: User Evaluation Using an External Camera and the Microsoft HoloLens." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 3, no. 4 (October 2018): 4297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2018.2864354.
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Haenel, R., Q. Semler, E. Semin, P. Grussenmeyer, and S. Tabbone. "EVALUATION OF LOW-COST DEPTH SENSORS FOR OUTDOOR APPLICATIONS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-2/W1-2022 (December 8, 2022): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w1-2022-101-2022.
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Abstract. Depth information is a key component that allows a computer to reproduce human vision in plenty of applications from manufacturing, to robotics and autonomous driving. The Microsoft Kinect has brought depth sensing to another level resulting in a large number of low cost, small form factor depth sensors. Although these sensors can efficiently produce data over a wide dynamic range of sensing applications and within different environments, most of them are rather suitable for indoor applications. Operating in outdoor areas is a challenge because of undesired illumination, usually strong sunlight or surface scattering, which degrades measurement accuracy. Therefore, after presenting the different working principle of existing depth cameras, our study aims to evaluate where two very recent sensors, the AD-FXTOF1-EBZ and the flexx2, stand towards the issue of outdoor environment. In particular, measurement tests will be performed on different types of materials subjected to various illumination in order to evaluate the potential accuracy of such sensors.
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Valdivia, Sergio, Robin Blanco, Alvaro Uribe-Quevedo, Lina Penuela, David Rojas, and Bill Kapralos. "Development and evaluation of two posture-tracking user interfaces for occupational health care." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 6 (June 2018): 168781401876948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018769489.
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The spinal column requires special care through exercises focused on muscle strengthening, flexibility, and mobility to minimize the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders that may affect the quality of life. Guidelines for spinal column exercises are commonly presented through printed and multimedia guides accompanied with demonstrations performed by a physiotherapist, occupational health expert, or physical fitness trainer. However, existing guides lack interaction and oral explanations may not always be clear to the user, leading to decreased engagement and motivation to start, continue, or complete an exercise program. In this article, we present two interactive and engaging posture-tracking user interfaces intended to promote proper spinal column exercise form. One user interface employs a wooden manikin with an integrated inertial measurement unit to provide a tangible user interaction. The other user interface presents a mobile application that provides instructions and explanations about the exercises. Both user interfaces allow recording key postures during the exercise for reference and feedback. We compared the usability of the interfaces through a series of flexion and extension exercises, monitored with an inertial measuring unit worn around the torso, and a Microsoft Kinect V2 vision-based sensor. Although no significant differences between the manikin user interface and the mobile application were found in terms of usability, the inertial measurement unit provided more accurate and reliable data in comparison to the Microsoft Kinect V2 as a result of body occlusions in front of the sensor caused during the torso flexion. Although both user interfaces provide different experiences and performed well, we believe that a combination of both will improve user engagement and motivation, while providing a more accurate motion profile.
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Jeon, Sanghun, and Mun Sang Kim. "End-to-End Lip-Reading Open Cloud-Based Speech Architecture." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 2938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082938.
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Deep learning technology has encouraged research on noise-robust automatic speech recognition (ASR). The combination of cloud computing technologies and artificial intelligence has significantly improved the performance of open cloud-based speech recognition application programming interfaces (OCSR APIs). Noise-robust ASRs for application in different environments are being developed. This study proposes noise-robust OCSR APIs based on an end-to-end lip-reading architecture for practical applications in various environments. Several OCSR APIs, including Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Naver, were evaluated using the Google Voice Command Dataset v2 to obtain the optimum performance. Based on performance, the Microsoft API was integrated with Google’s trained word2vec model to enhance the keywords with more complete semantic information. The extracted word vector was integrated with the proposed lip-reading architecture for audio-visual speech recognition. Three forms of convolutional neural networks (3D CNN, 3D dense connection CNN, and multilayer 3D CNN) were used in the proposed lip-reading architecture. Vectors extracted from API and vision were classified after concatenation. The proposed architecture enhanced the OCSR API average accuracy rate by 14.42% using standard ASR evaluation measures along with the signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed model exhibits improved performance in various noise settings, increasing the dependability of OCSR APIs for practical applications.
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Song, Zeliang, Xiaofei Zhou, Zhendong Mao, and Jianlong Tan. "Image Captioning with Context-Aware Auxiliary Guidance." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 3 (May 18, 2021): 2584–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i3.16361.
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Image captioning is a challenging computer vision task, which aims to generate a natural language description of an image. Most recent researches follow the encoder-decoder framework which depends heavily on the previous generated words for the current prediction. Such methods can not effectively take advantage of the future predicted information to learn complete semantics. In this paper, we propose Context-Aware Auxiliary Guidance (CAAG) mechanism that can guide the captioning model to perceive global contexts. Upon the captioning model, CAAG performs semantic attention that selectively concentrates on useful information of the global predictions to reproduce the current generation. To validate the adaptability of the method, we apply CAAG to three popular captioners and our proposal achieves competitive performance on the challenging Microsoft COCO image captioning benchmark, e.g. 132.2 CIDEr-D score on Karpathy split and 130.7 CIDEr-D (c40) score on official online evaluation server.
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Anthwal, Shivangi. "Modelling and Analysis of Facial Expressions Using Optical Flow Derived Divergence and Curl Templates." ELCVIA Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/elcvia.1275.
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Facial expressions are integral part of non-verbal paralinguistic communication as they provide cues significant in perceiving one’s emotional state. Assessment of emotions through expressions is an active research domain in computer vision due to its potential applications in multi-faceted domains. In this work, an approach is presented where facial expressions are modelled and analyzed with dense optical flow derived divergence and curl templates that embody the ideal motion pattern of facial features pertaining to unfolding of an expression on the face. Two types of classification schemes based on multi-class support vector machine and k-nearest neighbour are employed for evaluation. Promising results obtained from comparative analysis of the proposed approach with state-of-the-art techniques on the Extended Cohn Kanade database and with human cognition and pre-trained Microsoft face application programming interface on the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database validate the efficiency of the approach.
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Poleak, Chanrith, and Jangwoo Kwon. "Parallel Image Captioning Using 2D Masked Convolution." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091871.
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Automatically generating a novel description of an image is a challenging and important problem that brings together advanced research in both computer vision and natural language processing. In recent years, image captioning has significantly improved its performance by using long short-term memory (LSTM) as a decoder for the language model. However, despite this improvement, LSTM itself has its own shortcomings as a model because the structure is complicated and its nature is inherently sequential. This paper proposes a model using a simple convolutional network for both encoder and decoder functions of image captioning, instead of the current state-of-the-art approach. Our experiment with this model on a Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MSCOCO) captioning dataset yielded results that are competitive with the state-of-the-art image captioning model across different evaluation metrics, while having a much simpler model and enabling parallel graphics processing unit (GPU) computation during training, resulting in a faster training time.
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Kovacs, Eva, Xiaoting Wang, Ralf Strobl, and Eva Grill. "Economic evaluation of guideline implementation in primary care: a systematic review." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 32, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzz059.
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Abstract Purpose To review the economic evaluation of the guideline implementation in primary care. Data sources Medline and Embase. Study selection Electronic search was conducted on April 1, 2019, focusing on studies published in the previous ten years in developed countries about guidelines of non-communicable diseases of adult (≥18 years) population, the interventions targeting the primary care provider. Data extraction was performed by two independent researchers using a Microsoft Access based form. Results of data synthesis Among the 1338 studies assessed by title or abstract, 212 qualified for full text reading. From the final 39 clinically eligible studies, 14 reported economic evaluation. Cost consequences analysis, presented in four studies, provided limited information. Cost-benefit analysis was reported in five studies. Patient mediated intervention, and outreach visit applied in two studies showed no saving. Audit resulted significant savings in lipid lowering medication. Audit plus financial intervention was estimated to reduce referrals into secondary care. Analysis of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios was applied in four studies. Educational meeting evaluated in a simulated practice was cost-effective. Educational meeting extended with motivational interview showed no improvement; likewise two studies of multifaceted intervention. Cost-utility analysis of educational meeting supported with other educational materials showed unfavourable outcome. Conclusion Only a minor proportion of studies reporting clinical effectiveness of guideline implementation interventions included any type of economic evaluation. Rigorous and standardized cost-effectiveness analysis would be required, supporting decision-making between simple and multifaceted interventions through comparability.
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López-de-León, Edgar Omar, Ángel Morales-González, Flavio Arturo Domínguez-Pacheco, Alfredo Cruz-Orea, and Claudia Hernández-Aguilar. "Ergophthalmology around COVID-19." Científica 25, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46842/ipn.cien.v25n2a04.
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Due to the confinement at home that is lived in various countries by the pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID-19 in Wuhan, China and its spread worldwide. Changes have been brought about in the daily life of the population, for example the way of carrying out academic and professional work. Work hours increased and with it the use of various visual devices to carry out activities. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the state of visual health and ergonomics by the population during the health contingency. An evaluation instrument generated in the "Microsoft Forms" software was applied to evaluate ergophthalmology and visual health. An absolute positive correlation was found in the symptoms of blurred vision and muscle pain in the male gender, while for the female gender an absolute correlation was reported in the glare symptom and a positive correlation in dry eye, red eye, burning, tearing and muscle pain. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to disseminate ergophthalmic measures to reduce the visual symptoms of the population.
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Hale, Kelly S., Gwen Campbell, Jennifer Riley, Michael Boyce, and Charles Amburn. "Augmented Reality Sandtable (ARES) Impacts on Learning." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 2149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631369.
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The Army Future Command’s Synthetic Training Environment (STE) is positioned to push innovation in training technologies to provide distributed, digital training experiences where and when needed. This paper supports the future training vision in providing an empirical evaluation of how various display technologies influence spatial knowledge within a battlespace visualization context. Three display media were evaluated: a 3D digital map displayed on a 17” monitor, a 2D map digitally down-projected onto a sand table, and a 3D virtual map of a sand table surface rendered in a Microsoft® HoloLens®. Results showed that media used did not significantly alter the participants’ accuracy in performing the tasks, but did have an effect on their time to complete terrain feature identification and SJT tasks, and on their engagement with the tools. Future research should be conducted to assess the potential for learning, the persistence of learning and the transfer of training to real-world activities as compared to traditional training tools within team, collaborative settings – matching the expected training environment of the STE.
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Bulgakova, A. I., R. M. Dumeev, D. M. Islamova, and A. A. Aznagulov. "Results of the targeted program «Social support for providing access to prosthetic dentistry for certain citizen categories of the Republic of Вashkortostan» evaluation." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 4 (December 15, 2013): 526–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1963.
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Aim. Тo study the oral health among the poor citizens and the implementation of the program of preferential prosthetic dentistry in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Methods. The study involved 80 patients with prosthetic dentistry in the past who were asked to complete a survey questionnaire and underwent clinical examination. Statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Excel and Statistica 6.0 software. Results. Secondary partial adentia prevailed in poor, reaching 83.75%, with secondary complete adentia reaching 16.25%. The average age of patients was 63.4 years: female patients - 64.66 years, male patients - 67.25 years. 100% of patients had concomitant somatic diseases, with most of the patients having 2-3 comorbidities. Among concomitant conditions, musculoskeletal diseases were observed in 71% of cases, cardiovascular diseases - in 50% of cases, endocrine diseases - in 35% of cases. 86.25% of patients named financial strait as the main cause of a late visit to a dentist, the remaining 13.75% indicated a lack of time, poor health and unwillingness to care for themselves as the reason. Conclusion. Low-income patients need further support in preferential dentistry and oral health examination.
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Alam, Muhammad S., AKM B. Hossain, and Farhan B. Mohamed. "Performance Evaluation of Recurrent Neural Networks Applied to Indoor Camera Localization." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 12, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0822_15.
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Researchers in robotics and computer vision are experimenting with the image-based localization of indoor cameras. Implementation of indoor camera localization problems using a Convolutional neural network (CNN) or Recurrent neural network (RNN) is more challenging from a large image dataset because of the internal structure of CNN or RNN. We can choose a preferable CNN or RNN variant based on the problem type and size of the dataset. CNN is the most flexible method for implementing indoor localization problems. Despite CNN's suitability for hyper-parameter selection, it requires a lot of training images to achieve high accuracy. In addition, overfitting leads to a decrease in accuracy. Introduce RNN, which accurately keeps input images in internal memory to solve these problems. Longshort-term memory (LSTM), Bi-directional LSTM (BiLSTM), and Gated recurrent unit (GRU) are three variants of RNN. We may choose the most appropriate RNN variation based on the problem type and dataset. In this study, we can recommend which variant is effective for training more speedily and which variant produces more accurate results. Vanishing gradient issues also affect RNNs, making it difficult to learn more data. Overcome the gradient vanishing problem by utilizing LSTM. The BiLSTM is an advanced version of the LSTM and is capable of higher performance than the LSTM. A more advanced RNN variant is GRU which is computationally more efficient than an LSTM. In this study, we explore a variety of recurring units for localizing indoor cameras. Our focus is on more powerful recurrent units like LSTM, BiLSTM, and GRU. Using the Microsoft 7-Scenes and InteriorNet datasets, we evaluate the performance of LSTM, BiLSTM, and GRU. Our experiment has shown that the BiLSTM is more efficient in accuracy than the LSTM and GRU. We also observed that the GRU is faster than LSTM and BiLSTM
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Ismail, Mohammad H., Shefa A. Dawwd, and Fakhradeen H. Ali. "Dynamic hand gesture recognition of Arabic sign language by using deep convolutional neural networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i2.pp952-962.
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<p>In computer vision, one of the most difficult problems is human gestures in videos recognition Because of certain irrelevant environmental variables. This issue has been solved by using single deep networks to learn spatiotemporal characteristics from video data, and this approach is still insufficient to handle both problems at the same time. As a result, the researchers fused various models to allow for the effective collection of important shape information as well as precise spatiotemporal variation of gestures. In this study, we collected the dynamic dataset for twenty meaningful words of Arabic sign language (ArSL) using a Microsoft Kinect v2 camera. The recorded data included 7350 red, green, and blue (RGB) videos and 7350 depth videos. We proposed four deep neural networks models using 2D and 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) to cover all feature extraction methods and then passing these features to the recurrent neural network (RNN) for sequence classification. Long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) are two types of using RNN. Also, the research included evaluation fusion techniques for several types of multiple models. The experiment results show the best multi-model for the dynamic dataset of the ArSL recognition achieved 100% accuracy.</p>
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Dhungana, Arun Prasad. "Ocular morbidity in school children in eastern region of Nepal." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 5, no. 3 (October 16, 2017): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v5i3.18422.
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Background: Childhood blindness is a priority area because of the number of years of blindness that ensues. Data on the prevalence and causes of blindness and severe visual impairment in children are needed for planning and evaluating preventive and curative services for children.Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of ocular morbidity among school children in eastern Nepal.Method: A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate ocular status of primary school children in six government schools of the eastern region of Nepal. A complete eye examination was carried out in all children including slit lamp examination, fundus examination, retinoscopy and subjective refraction. Data was analyzed using Microsoft excel. The screening is based on the Indiana school vision screening guideline.Results: A total of 847 children were examined in visits. The mean age of study population was 10.25 years. Among them 450 were males and 397 were females. The results showed that 12.05% of the total students had ocular and visual morbidities. Refractive error was found to be the commonest abnormality (62%) in school children. The commonest type of refractive error found in the study was myopia followed by hyperopia. Alternate divergent squint is the commonest type of strabismus. Other abnormalities found were BSV (binocular single vision) abnormalities, amblyopia and conjunctival disorder.Conclusion: The vision screening program has proved to be very helpful in early detection, diagnosis, referral and management of ocular morbidities in school children. The results of the study strongly suggest that screening of school children for ocular problems should be done at regular intervals and it should be one of the prime components of school health program.Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 5, No. 3, Issue 17, Jul.-Sep., 2016, page: 95-97
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Silva, Nadjo Aristóteles Pereira da, and Oão José Anselmo dos Santos. "Qualidade do Atendimento- Avaliação do Transporte Rodoviário Intermunicipal Pelos Usuários, no Município de Icó Ceará / Quality of Care - Evaluation of Intermunicipal Road Transport by Users in the City of Icó Ceará." ID on line REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA 13, no. 48 (December 29, 2019): 727–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v13i48.2282.
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O presente estudo realizou-se com objetivo geral avaliar a qualidade do atendimento do transporte rodoviário intermunicipal no município de Icó – CE. Já em termos específicos visou: caracterizar os usuários considerando o quanto alguns aspectos sociais, analisar o posicionamento dos usuários quanto o serviço comprado e executado e verificar a relação entre a monopolização do serviço e a qualidade do mesmo na visão dos usuários considerado no estudo. Trata-se de estudo de natureza básica, exploratório e uma abordagem quantitativa. Realizado no município de Icó – CE, junto aos usuários do terminal rodoviário do mesmo e transcorreu de agosto a novembro de 2019. A pesquisa de campo foi marcada pela aplicação de um questionário estruturado com questões fechadas cujos parâmetros de reposta obedeceram a uma escala de Likert. A escolha dos participantes se deu por uma amostragem por conveniência, sendo pesquisados 180 usuários, envolvendo o turno de manhã, tarde e noite. A tabulação dos questionários foi através da utilização do programa da Microsoft Excel, versão 2010 e análise dos dados por meio de distribuição de frequência relativa. Quanto ao posicionamento dos usuários em relação ao serviço comprado e executado, em função dos itens utilizados na análise de tal posicionamento, a avaliação foi satisfatória tendo como referência a representatividade da maioria. Constatou-se que existe diferença de percepção quanto a influência da monopolização do referido serviço rodoviário, quanto a satisfação dos usuários estudados.
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Kalish, Mia. "Analyzing pedagogical components using multiple regression." On the Horizon 23, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-03-2014-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how one instructor used an integrated collection of technological and cognitive tools that consistently led to student success. Educators today struggle with the need to improve student success in a dynamic and increasingly technological world. Learners need to master more, more quickly and educators need to upgrade their skills to meet these needs. Design/methodology/approach – This vision-based research design focused on the goal that all students can succeed. The design took the non-traditional approach of separating pedagogical models that worked from those that did not. The objectives were achieved by successively improving the pedagogy. The components of the final model were evaluated using multiple regression to determine individual and summative effectiveness. Findings – The pedagogical model designed around the goals of allowing adequate time for scaffolded acquisition and increasing skill development demonstrated consistent student success in the A and B grade range. Research limitations/implications – A sophisticated knowledge of the issues involved underlies the actualization of this research. The success of the approach will be determined by the author’s ability to enable the method to function on its own. Practical implications – With the increasing sophistication of teaching and learning tools, opportunities arise for more detailed and complex pedagogical analyses. Social implications – With improved pedagogies, more students will succeed. Originality/value – Using Microsoft® Excel® for evaluation of a pedagogical model that is also quantitatively analyzable.
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Palos, Guadalupe R., Katherine Ramsey Gilmore, Patricia Hansberry Chapman, and Maria Alma Rodriguez. "Implementation of ePROs in the care of long-term cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.334.
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334 Background: Standard methods for implementation of electronic patient reported outcomes (ePROs) in the routine care of cancer survivors remain unclear. To address this gap, we assessed the technical and operational feasibility of implementing ePROs into the clinical workflow of four survivorship clinics, Genitourinary (GU), Head & Neck (HN), Thyroid (THY), and Stem Cell Transplant (SCT). Methods: This quality improvement study was conducted from 9/1/2019 to 4/30/2021. Benchmarks of ≥ 50% were established for two outcomes including: (1) Delivery Rate - percentage of patients who received the ePRO prior to their clinic visit and (2) Adherence Rate - percentage of patients who completed one ePRO. Data were collected at T0 (Baseline) (09/01/2019 to 12/31/2020) and T1 (1/1/2021 to 4/30/2021). Patients completed the survey 3-7 days prior to a clinic visit. The timing to capture ePROs’ data was tailored to the specific cancer site. Operational steps were: 1) questionnaire was ordered for scheduled survivorship appointment; 2) electronic medical record system (EMRS) pushed the questionnaire to the patient portal app with a message asking the patient to complete and submit the ePROs survey, 3) data was pushed back to the provider by the EMRS; and 4) results stored in the medical record were accessed by the provider prior to or on the day of the patient’s visit. Data were collected and stored using the EPIC Data Universes and reported through Microsoft Power BI. This institutional Quality Improvement Assessment Board approved this study. Results: The Table shows the improvement in the benchmark for sent and adherence rates between T0 and T1. A few clinics showed room for improvement. Patient engagement facilitators included being scheduled for a virtual visit and having staff sent prompts prior to visits. Challenges were: (1) variation in the time ePROs were available in the medical records, 2) inconsistent linking of scheduled visits and prompt to send the survey, and 3) patients’ not opening, completing, or submitting the survey even when prompted to do so. Opportunities included (1) developing a patient education flyer describing ePROs’ role in patient care, (2) providing instruction on the completion and completion of how to complete the ePRO, and (3) conducting staff education sessions on how to link scheduled visits with ePROs’ patient prompts. Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that integration ePROs can be considered an acceptable approach to improve follow-up care of cancer survivors but with room for improvement in some clinics. Future evaluation will further explore patients’ ePROs’ impact on clinical outcomes and patient engagement.[Table: see text]
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Hussain, Adil, Safa Rafique, Sana Batool, Saman Hina, and Malik Siddique Mahmood. "A Cross-Sectional Survey of Vitamin A Deficiency and the Associated Risk Factors among the Children of District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan." BioScientific Review 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/bsr/2020/23/976.
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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a very common problem in developing countries and in extreme situations, it is responsible for vision impairment as well as death. To conduct a comprehensive cross-sectional evaluation of the deficiency of vitamin A and the associated risk factors responsible for its deficiency, a questionnaire based survey was conducted in District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. In order to evaluate the data related to VAD and its relationship with different variables, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of 400 female students from three different schools in District Gujrat. The schools were situated in both rural and urban areas. A questionnaire eliciting personal information, family status and diet related information was used to collect the required data for the survey. The results did not pertain with the participants’ gender. The results were based on the summer season routine of diet and physical activity. All information was sorted and the results were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 update and SPSS version 20. It was found that 39% girls (156 out of 400) were deficient in vitamin A. The main source of VAD was found to be inadequate dietary consumption. It was also found that children with poor socioeconomic standing, low fluid consumption, and from urban areas have more VAD than others. Moreover, the age group of 8-11 years carried a higher percentage of VAD, while physical activity had no impact on VAD. A large number of girls were reported as the victims of VAD due to poverty and related socioeconomic constraints prevailing among the school going children in District Gujrat. A crucial approach towards reducing VAD is to learn about the preventive measures to control VAD. In low-income countries, the use of vitamin A supplements with daily diet is required to reduce the impact of VAD.
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Hussain, Adil, Safa Rafique, Sana Batool, Saman Hina, and Malik Siddique Mahmood. "A Cross-Sectional Survey of Vitamin A Deficiency and the Associated Risk Factors among the Children of District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan." BioScientific Review 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/bsr.0203.05.
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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a very common problem in developing countries and in extreme situations, it is responsible for vision impairment as well as death. To conduct a comprehensive cross-sectional evaluation of the deficiency of vitamin A and the associated risk factors responsible for its deficiency, a questionnaire based survey was conducted in District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. In order to evaluate the data related to VAD and its relationship with different variables, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of 400 female students from three different schools in District Gujrat. The schools were situated in both rural and urban areas. A questionnaire eliciting personal information, family status and diet related information was used to collect the required data for the survey. The results did not pertain with the participants’ gender. The results were based on the summer season routine of diet and physical activity. All information was sorted and the results were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 update and SPSS version 20. It was found that 39% girls (156 out of 400) were deficient in vitamin A. The main source of VAD was found to be inadequate dietary consumption. It was also found that children with poor socioeconomic standing, low fluid consumption, and from urban areas have more VAD than others. Moreover, the age group of 8-11 years carried a higher percentage of VAD, while physical activity had no impact on VAD. A large number of girls were reported as the victims of VAD due to poverty and related socioeconomic constraints prevailing among the school going children in District Gujrat. A crucial approach towards reducing VAD is to learn about the preventive measures to control VAD. In low-income countries, the use of vitamin A supplements with daily diet is required to reduce the impact of VAD.
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Freitas, Francisco José de, and Debora Alves dos Santos Fernandes. "The evaluation of the relevance of teaching of homeopathy at the medical school." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 10, no. 36 (December 23, 2021): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v10i36.488.
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Background: In 1912 the Hahnemann Medical Faculty to graduate homeopathic physicians was created. This was one of the courses that originated the present Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO. Homeopathy in UNIRIO was consolidated during the 80s and 90s through the relationship with other specialties. In 1999, the interface of Homeopathy and the curriculum guidelines of the Brazilian Ministry of Education justified the inclusion of Homeopathy as a compulsory subject in the medical course at UNIRIO. In 2001 a University program to improve the development of research called “Homeopathy - Health and Quality of Lifeâ€ÂÂ, was created to integrate the activities of Teaching, Research and Extension.
Aim: To evaluate the relevance of the compulsory teaching of Homeopathy in the medical area at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO, Brazil.
Methods: A prospective longitudinal qualitative and quantitative research was used with semi-structured questionnaires with open and closed questions at the beginning and end of each semester. Undergraduate students from the third year of the UNIRIO Medical Faculty (2008/March till 2009/September) who accepted the “Consent Formâ€ÂÂ, were included. Students who didn't respond adequately to the questions were excluded. This research was approved and registered at the Brazilian Research Ethics Center. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 used to data collection and analysis.
Results: Total number of students attending the course during the four semesters: 304. 70% answered the questionnaires. 60% of the students had heard of homeopathy before attending the homeopathy course (67% as patients, 21% as patients and through media, 6% through media and 6% by other means of contact). 86% consider that homeopathy brought new knowledge to the medical and academic training. 72% consider that this knowledge could be applicable to their future career.
Conclusion: Most students aim to learn the guiding principles of homeopathy. Their aim is to know all available treatment, modalities and alternatives to allopathy in medical education. They considered that the learning of Homeopathy is a part of general medical training due to the fact that it has been a recognized medical specialty in Brazil since 1980. The student’s opportunity to learn homeopathy during the undergraduate course in medical schools widens the individuality concept, “the doctor-patient relationship and the holistic vision of the patientâ€ÂÂ. These results demonstrate the relevance of teaching homeopathy in the medical curriculum and the need to spread the teaching of homeopathy as a compulsory course for all other medical universities.
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Volta, Ditop Andra, and Trisna Putra. "ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK PENGUNJUNG DI DEPATI VII COFFEE KOTA SUNGAI PENUH." Ensiklopedia Sosial Review 4, no. 1 (February 6, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33559/esr.v4i1.1087.
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This study originated from the observations of researchers during observations at Depati VII Coffee. Researchers found several problems related to the characteristics of visitors such as the absence of data on the characteristics of visitors visiting Depati VII Coffee. There is no visitor classification data from demographic, geographical and psychographic aspects. The general purpose of this observe changed into to research the characteristics of traffic journeying Depati VII Coffee. The form of studies used on this observe is quantitative with survey methods. In the survey, records become amassed from respondents the use of questionnaires or questionnaires dispensed directly. The variables on this take a look at are self-contained variables which can be characteristics of visitors. The populace on this take a look at had been all visitors who got here to go to Depati VII Coffee with a complete pattern of 100 respondents. The effects of this take a look at were examined for validity and reliability. The information evaluation strategies used are descriptive information with Microsoft excel and SPSS. The effects of the take a look at concluded that almost all of site visitors visited Depati VII Coffee. aged 18 - 24 years as much as 77%, for the sex most obtained by the male gender 55%, for the last education is high school 75%. The type of work obtained from 100 ecutioners distributed to visitors at Depati VII Coffee gets 74% of students/ students, for marital status 86% of visitors are unmarried. Geophysical characteristics of visitors who come to Depati VII Coffee, there are 61% of the area of Sungai Penuh City jambi Province, based on the location where visitors visit Depati VII Coffee there are 95% of visitors living in densely populated housing, for the plains where visitors live 92% come from highland areas around 700 MDPL. Psychographic characteristics of visitors who come to Depati VII Coffee Based on Psychographic Characteristics the majority of visitors with type experiencers with a total of 64% and 36% of visitors with type.
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Rezaei, Mahdi, and Mohsen Azarmi. "DeepSOCIAL: Social Distancing Monitoring and Infection Risk Assessment in COVID-19 Pandemic." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 7514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217514.
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Social distancing is a recommended solution by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to minimise the spread of COVID-19 in public places. The majority of governments and national health authorities have set the 2-m physical distancing as a mandatory safety measure in shopping centres, schools and other covered areas. In this research, we develop a hybrid Computer Vision and YOLOv4-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for automated people detection in the crowd in indoor and outdoor environments using common CCTV security cameras. The proposed DNN model in combination with an adapted inverse perspective mapping (IPM) technique and SORT tracking algorithm leads to a robust people detection and social distancing monitoring. The model has been trained against two most comprehensive datasets by the time of the research—the Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MS COCO) and Google Open Image datasets. The system has been evaluated against the Oxford Town Centre dataset (including 150,000 instances of people detection) with superior performance compared to three state-of-the-art methods. The evaluation has been conducted in challenging conditions, including occlusion, partial visibility, and under lighting variations with the mean average precision of 99.8% and the real-time speed of 24.1 fps. We also provide an online infection risk assessment scheme by statistical analysis of the spatio-temporal data from people’s moving trajectories and the rate of social distancing violations. We identify high-risk zones with the highest possibility of virus spread and infection. This may help authorities to redesign the layout of a public place or to take precaution actions to mitigate high-risk zones. The developed model is a generic and accurate people detection and tracking solution that can be applied in many other fields such as autonomous vehicles, human action recognition, anomaly detection, sports, crowd analysis, or any other research areas where the human detection is in the centre of attention.
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Davies, Megan, Teresa Brooks, and Stephen Morris. "P34 Medicines optimisation for infants and children attending a children’s cardiology ward for day case diagnostic cardiac catheter procedures." Archives of Disease in Childhood 107, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): e25.36-e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-nppg.41.
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IntroductionInfants and children with congenital heart defects are reliant on medicines to treat the symptoms of heart failure whilst they wait for corrective or palliative surgery. Medicines optimisation for this group of patients is a complex and challenging concept. This is because there are many factors that need to be considered to ensure the effective and safe use of these medicines.Infants and children undergo significant physiological and pharmacological changes over a relatively short period of time.1 In addition, this group of patients also present challenges for the safe administration of these medicines at home.2 Failure to optimise these medicines may result in reduced symptom control with negative effects on health outcomes for the family and child.The aim of this service evaluation was to identify whether patients attending for day case diagnostic catheter procedures on the children’s cardiology ward could benefit from having their medicines optimised during their hospital visit.MethodData was collected prospectively over a period of 7 months from August 2019 to March 2020. Patients were included if they attended the children’s cardiology ward for a day case diagnostic cardiac catheter during the study period. In addition, they needed to be taking at least one long-term medicine at home.A pharmacist with experience in children’s medicines conducted a medication review with the family during their attendance. This included a consultation about which medicines were being taken at home, and listening to the experience that the family had from using their medicines. Medicines were then reviewed using up to date information such as weight, test results and medicines information resources. Anonymous data was kept using a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet.ResultsIn total, 175 patients were assessed for inclusion during the study period. 57 families were found to be administering a long-term medicine at home and had their medicines reviewed. Subsequently, 13 patients had their medicines optimised.The most common recommendation was to increase the dose of a medicine for an up to date weight or because of failure to control symptoms (n=11). This was frequently seen with medicines such as aspirin, captopril and diuretics.In addition, more subtle and unexpected interventions regarding medication safety at home were also identified (n=2). For example, one family were found to be ten times under dosing their child due to an unidentified change in strength of liquid medication from primary care. Another family described their difficulty with crushing and dispersing tablets to administer using a nasogastric tube. This resulted in a block tube that required an additional hospital visit to have a new tube inserted. Additional action was taken to report and rectify these medication errors.ConclusionThis project has demonstrated the value that can be gained from a pharmacist providing ongoing reviews of medicines used by families when they attend a children’s cardiology centre. Day case admissions in a specialist hospital may be seen as low priority to professionals. However, this is an ideal opportunity to provide support to families who use medicines at home.ReferencesKearns GL, Abdel-Rahman SM, Alander SW, et al. Developmental pharmacology--drug disposition, action, and therapy in infants and children. New England Journal of Medicine 2003;349:1157-1167.NHS England and NHS Improvement. The NHS patient safety strategy. Safer culture, safer systems, safer patients. 2019. [Cited: 14th August 2021]. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/patient-safety/the-nhs-patient-safety-strategy/
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Vintoniv, O. A., and O. M. Havrysh. "THE REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF MALE RABBITS DEPENDING ON THE INFLUENCE OF PARATYPICAL AND GENOTYPICAL FACTORS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 64 (December 26, 2022): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.64.13.
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The article provides information on the study of the level of reproductive ability of male rabbits of various breeds under conditions of industrial technology and retro-technology.
The purpose of the work was to analyze the features of the reproductive ability of rabbits of different breeds depending on the technology of keeping and the season of the year.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted on Poltava silver, California and New Zealand white rabbits (n = 27 rabbits) on the basis of two farms in the Cherkasy region – the experimental rabbit farm of the Cherkasy research station of bioresources (industrial technology) and the SG PE "Marchuk N. V." (retro technology).
When studying the reproductive capacity of male rabbits, sperm from breeder rabbits was collected every decade during the year, which, after dilution, was used to artificially inseminate female rabbits. At the same time, the semen was evaluated by the volume of the ejaculate, the motility of the spermatozoa and their concentration. The volume of the ejaculate was measured with the help of a graduated sperm receiver, the concentration and mobility of sperm – on the special equipment Sperm Vision (Minitube, Germany). Males were also assessed for the fertilizing ability of sperm.
The received research materials were processed by statistical methods using the "Statistica-6.1" software package and Excel (Microsoft Office 2007).
Research results. A study of the level of reproductive capacity of male rabbits of different breeds was carried out, depending on the technology of keeping and the influence of paratypic factors.
It was established that the average indicators of male ejaculate had the following values: ejaculate volume – 1.3–1.6 ml, sperm concentration – 330–390 million, sperm motility – 7.1–7.6 points, total number of sperm in ejaculate – 330–440 million.
The indicator of fertilizing capacity varied between 78–88%, the maximum value of this indicator was registered in rabbits of the NB breed, respectively, and the minimum in PS rabbits. A statistically significant interbreeding difference was established for all the investigated indicators of male sperm productivity. Males of the NB breed turned out to be the best in terms of overall fertilizing ability (88%). They outnumbered males of other groups in terms of ejaculate volume and sperm concentration. However, the mobility and general activity of sperm in the ejaculate were better in males of breed K.
Study of the influence of the technology of maintenance on the indicators of sperm productivity of the breeding stock of the farm "Marchuk N. V." make it possible to assert that there is no significant difference in the studied parameters. It was established that the animals that were kept according to retro technology had an average value of the ejaculate volume indicator 0.05 ml lower compared to the group of analogues that were kept indoors (p > 0.05). On average, the concentration of spermatozoa in the selected ejaculate was 347 million for males kept according to retro technology and 358 million for those kept according to industrial technology. The difference between these indicators turned out to be insignificant (p > 0.05), similar values were also recorded for the indicator of the total number of active sperm in the ejaculate. The sperm motility index in rabbits of all studied groups was 7.45–7.50 points, with a higher value recorded in the group of males kept in cages in the yard. Using one-factor variance analysis, a low influence of the specified factor on the studied indicators of male sperm was established (ηx2 = 0.01–0.04, p > 0.05).
Studies of the influence of the season of the year on sperm productivity indicators of male rabbits of the ChDSB experimental farm of the National Academy of Sciences show that in the vast majority of cases, the highest ejaculate volume indicator was recorded in winter, and the lowest in summer (Table 3). A tendency towards its gradual seasonal decrease from winter to summer and increase in autumn was revealed.
When determining the total number of active spermatozoa in both ejaculates, probable seasonal variability was also detected (a gradual decrease from winter to summer). This indicator was the highest in winter, and the lowest in summer (p < 0.001). In the spring, the investigated indicator was in the range of 294.7–439.2 million, and in the autumn period – 292.1–444.1 million.
The maximum concentration of sperm in the ejaculate was noted in winter (438.0 million/ml), and the minimum in summer (351.3 million/ml), the difference was 21.6% (p < 0.001). The regularity of a gradual seasonal decrease of this indicator from winter to summer and a slight increase in autumn was noted.
When evaluating sperm motility in the ejaculate, it was established that, in the vast majority of cases, this indicator was the highest in winter, and the lowest in the summer, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The trend of a gradual seasonal decrease of this indicator from winter to summer and an increase in autumn was revealed.
Visible. Fertilizing ability of sperm in autumn was 6% better than in summer.
Using univariate variance analysis, a statistically significant influence of the season on sperm productivity indicators of the studied males was established according to the following parameters: the volume of the first ejaculate sperm – 6% (p < 0.05), the second ejaculate – 10% (p < 0.001); sperm concentration in the first ejaculate – 8% (p < 0.001); sperm motility in the first ejaculate – 11% (p < 0.001), in the second ejaculate – 3% (p < 0.05); the total number of active sperm in both ejaculates is 10–14% (p < 0.001); the number of calculated conditional sperm doses in the ejaculate is 13–14% (p < 0.001).
Conclusions.
The results of studying the indicators of sperm productivity of rabbits from two farms proved the absence of a probable influence of the breed on the indicators of sperm productivity of rabbits (ηx2 = 0.02–0.07, p > 0.05).
The study of the influence of the technology of keeping on the indicators of the sperm productivity of the breeders of the farm makes it possible to assert that there is no significant difference in the studied parameters.
The results of the univariate variance analysis proved the existence of a probable influence of the season on the indicators of sperm productivity of the studied males and on the vast majority of indicators of the reproductive capacity of female rabbits (4–3.14%).
A study of the fertilizing ability of male sperm by season showed that this indicator was the highest in spring – 88%, and the lowest – in summer (78%). 82% of females were fertilized in winter and 84% in autumn. there is a similar seasonal variability (gradual decrease from winter to summer and increase in autumn) when determining the total number of sperm in the ejaculate. This indicator was probably the highest in winter (438.6 million), and the lowest in summer (313.5 million), the difference was 28.52% (p < 0.001). A study of the fertilizing ability of male sperm by seasons showed that this indicator was the highest in spring, and the lowest in summer; the difference was 10%. In winter, females fertilized worse, the proportion of fertilized animals was 6% less than the canopy
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Moodley, V. R. "Amplitude, facility and accuracy of accommodation in a primary school population." African Vision and Eye Health 68, no. 4 (January 21, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v68i4.196.
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Vision screening at an early age in children is important as it can identify aspects in the visual system that may need to be managed to enable a child to function optimally at school. The National School Vision Screening Programme was discontinued in many provinces of South Africa, often due to a lack of financial resources or adequately trained personnel. This action has resulted in the majority of children not having a visual examination during their school career. In a few instances where vision screenings are performed, these are usually limited to visual acuity (VA) evaluation alone; an endeavour that may miss many significant visual problems. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for vision screening to be conducted in schools and for the screening protocols to include the various accommodative tests. A retrospective analysis of the amplitudes of accommodation, accommodative facility and accuracy of accommodation findingsfrom a primary school vision screening of 264 children between 6 and 13 years was undertaken in this study. Data was captured and analysed with Microsoft Excel. The ages of the children ranged from 6 to 13 years with a mean of 9.38 years (SD = 1.85). One hundred and thirty eight (52.3%) were males and 126 (47.7%) females. A significant number of the children failed the monocular accommodative amplitude tests (24%), binocular accommodative amplitude test (26%), the accommodative facility (30%) and the MEM test (27%). These results highlight the need for a more comprehensive vision screening exercise rather than VA alone as this approach would have missed more than a quarter of the children who had other visual problems that could impact on their ability to perform optimally at school.
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Soygun, Koray, and Yurdanur Uçar. "The Effect of COVID 19 Pandemic on ClinicalPractices and Education in Cukurova University Faculty of Dentistry." European Annals of Dental Sciences, December 1, 2021, S1—S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.52037/eads.2021.0022.
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Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the strategy of Cukurova University Faculty of Dentistry in clinicalmanagement and education during COVID 19 pandemic and report the effects of the coronavirus outbreak that affectedthe whole world. Methods:The number of patients, income and expenditure rates were compared between March-November 2019 andMarch-November 2020. The effect of COVID 19 pandemic on education was evaluated by comparing the preclinical andclinical course methods and assessment-evaluation methods before and during the pandemic period. Comparisons weremade considering the theoretical and the practical training, feedback and student evaluation methods. Results:The number of patients and income levels in March 2020 was approximately 50% of the income in March 2019.A dramatic decrease was observed in the number of patients and income-expense levels in April and May. Althoughnormalization has started by October 2020, clinics have been working with a performance of approximately 40%compared to 2019. Cukurova University Faculty of Dentistry does the online dental training using Microsoft Teams.Practical applications are thought using videos and photographs. Feedback is important in practical training. For thisreason, students are asked to prepare a powerpoint presentation with pictures taken in a pre-determined format andsubmit the presentation through the software. The lecturer gives feedback using the Microsoft Teams program. Onlineexams (multiple choice, structured open ended or oral) are conducted using the same software. Conclusion:Cukurova University, Faculty of Dentistry is affected by COVID 19 pandemic. However, the minimal impactof COVID 19 pandemic has been targeted. Therefore, the effective clinical arrangements and rapid adaptation to thedistance learning was needed. Pandemic gave us a new vision for dental practices which will be used in the postpandemic period and help us reconsider our previous working habits.
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Hakimifar, Mohammadmehdi, Burcu Balcik, Christian Fikar, Vera Hemmelmayr, and Tina Wakolbinger. "Evaluation of field visit planning heuristics during rapid needs assessment in an uncertain post-disaster environment." Annals of Operations Research, October 4, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04274-y.
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AbstractA Rapid Needs Assessment process is carried out immediately after the onset of a disaster to investigate the disaster’s impact on affected communities, usually through field visits. Reviewing practical humanitarian guidelines reveals that there is a great need for decision support for field visit planning in order to utilize resources more efficiently at the time of great need. Furthermore, in practice, there is a tendency to use simple methods, rather than advanced solution methodologies and software; this is due to the lack of available computational tools and resources on the ground, lack of experienced technical staff, and also the chaotic nature of the post-disaster environment. We present simple heuristic algorithms inspired by the general procedure explained in practical humanitarian guidelines for site selection and routing decisions of the assessment teams while planning and executing the field visits. By simple, we mean methods that can be implemented by practitioners in the field using primary resources such as a paper map of the area and accessible software (e.g., Microsoft Excel). We test the performance of proposed heuristic algorithms, within a simulation environment , which enables us to incorporate various uncertain aspects of the post-disaster environment in the field, ranging from travel time and community assessment time to accessibility of sites and availability of community groups. We assess the performance of proposed heuristics based on real-world data from the 2011 Van earthquake in Turkey. Our results show that selecting sites based on an approximate knowledge of community groups’ existence leads to significantly better results than selecting sites randomly. In addition, updating initial routes while receiving more information also positively affects the performance of the field visit plan and leads to higher coverage of community groups than an alternative strategy where inaccessible sites and unavailable community groups are simply skipped and the initial plan is followed. Uncertainties in travel time and community assessment time adversely affect the community group coverage. In general, the performance of more sophisticated methods requiring more information deteriorates more than the performance of simple methods when the level of uncertainty increases.
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Hakimifar, Mohammadmehdi, Burcu Balcik, Christian Fikar, Vera Hemmelmayr, and Tina Wakolbinger. "Evaluation of field visit planning heuristics during rapid needs assessment in an uncertain post-disaster environment." Annals of Operations Research, October 4, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04274-y.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA Rapid Needs Assessment process is carried out immediately after the onset of a disaster to investigate the disaster’s impact on affected communities, usually through field visits. Reviewing practical humanitarian guidelines reveals that there is a great need for decision support for field visit planning in order to utilize resources more efficiently at the time of great need. Furthermore, in practice, there is a tendency to use simple methods, rather than advanced solution methodologies and software; this is due to the lack of available computational tools and resources on the ground, lack of experienced technical staff, and also the chaotic nature of the post-disaster environment. We present simple heuristic algorithms inspired by the general procedure explained in practical humanitarian guidelines for site selection and routing decisions of the assessment teams while planning and executing the field visits. By simple, we mean methods that can be implemented by practitioners in the field using primary resources such as a paper map of the area and accessible software (e.g., Microsoft Excel). We test the performance of proposed heuristic algorithms, within a simulation environment , which enables us to incorporate various uncertain aspects of the post-disaster environment in the field, ranging from travel time and community assessment time to accessibility of sites and availability of community groups. We assess the performance of proposed heuristics based on real-world data from the 2011 Van earthquake in Turkey. Our results show that selecting sites based on an approximate knowledge of community groups’ existence leads to significantly better results than selecting sites randomly. In addition, updating initial routes while receiving more information also positively affects the performance of the field visit plan and leads to higher coverage of community groups than an alternative strategy where inaccessible sites and unavailable community groups are simply skipped and the initial plan is followed. Uncertainties in travel time and community assessment time adversely affect the community group coverage. In general, the performance of more sophisticated methods requiring more information deteriorates more than the performance of simple methods when the level of uncertainty increases.
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Darko-Takyi, Charles, Vanessa R. Moodley, and Samuel B. Boadi-Kusi. "A review of normative data for parameters of functional non-strabismic binocular vision." African Vision and Eye Health 79, no. 1 (May 21, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v79i1.507.
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Background: There was a need to document population-expected normative data for parameters of non-strabismic binocular vision (NSBV) as the analysis and diagnosis of binocular vision disorders required comparison of patient’s clinical signs with expected data in their specific population.Aim: This article sought to review and map population-expected continental normative data for visual function parameters for evaluating the functional non-strabismic accommodative and vergence system, as these systems are very relevant to evaluate the comfort of visual system.Method: Search engines – namely, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Web of Science database and Ovid MEDLINE database – were used to search studies published in English across different continents using keywords such as ‘normative or expected data’ and ‘specific NSBV parameter’. Results were summarised in tables for easy comparison; data were presented based on the geographical location, year of publication, demographics of the population studied and the techniques used for measuring the parameters. A summary of observed challenges with reviewed works and recommendations for the future studies are indicated. The article is delimited to studies published between 1910 and September 2019 only.Results: Most of the studies investigated specific parameters of either accommodation only or vergence only; few recent studies have comprehensively investigated both parameters. Most studies were conducted in North America followed by Asia and Europe, with a few in Africa. No studies were found with Oceania populations. There were discrepancies and differences in methodologies and techniques used by the studies reviewed and normative data varied among different continents and different populations within each continent.Conclusion: As the observed differences in reviewed studies could be attributed to differences in test techniques, the future studies should consider using identical, reliable, repeatable, objective and subjective techniques with good methodological designs to clarify these results. More studies should be conducted in African and Oceania populations.
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Ciupak, Liége Franken, Clodis Boscarioli, and Maria Elisabete Catarino. "analysis of the use of Business Intelligence technologies as facilitators of university management." Brazilian Journal of Information Science 7 (July 28, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/1981-1640.2013.v7esp.04.p45.
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The concept of Business Intelligence (BI) approaches several technologies that aim at arranging the extraction and visualization of information, and just like in a competitive company the university management must also update itself, therefore adopting the use of processes that aid and speed decision making. Information Systems (IS) are indispensable elements and should mean more than the processing of routine activities, thereby starting to contribute to a strategic vision. The Western State University of Paraná (UNIOESTE) has many IS, but its users still face difficulties in extracting information in the desired format. Thus, this paper reports the outcomes of a research developed during the dissertation of a Master's Degree on Information Technology Management which is aimed at researching BI technologies. More specifically the Online Analytical Processing (OLAP), as well as implementing an operation prototype that could facilitate the retrieval of information from the dean’s office for planning, whose sources are many UNIOESTE information systems. In order to reach that goal, an exploratory/descriptive research of the qualitative type was developed by means of a documentary and bibliographical research. A prototype with the Business Intelligence Development Studio (BIDS) tool, which is a component of Microsoft SQL Server 2008, here integrated with Excel 2010 spreadsheet editor for end-user interface, was developed and evaluated. As part of the evaluation system, the SUS questionnaire was used to measure user satisfaction, where the average score given by participants was 91.5 on a 0 to 100 scale, which means quite a positive evaluation.
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Naik, Dinesh, and C. D. Jaidhar. "Semantic context driven language descriptions of videos using deep neural network." Journal of Big Data 9, no. 1 (February 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00569-4.
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AbstractThe massive addition of data to the internet in text, images, and videos made computer vision-based tasks challenging in the big data domain. Recent exploration of video data and progress in visual information captioning has been an arduous task in computer vision. Visual captioning is attributable to integrating visual information with natural language descriptions. This paper proposes an encoder-decoder framework with a 2D-Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model and layered Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) as the encoder and an LSTM model integrated with an attention mechanism working as the decoder with a hybrid loss function. Visual feature vectors extracted from the video frames using a 2D-CNN model capture spatial features. Specifically, the visual feature vectors are fed into the layered LSTM to capture the temporal information. The attention mechanism enables the decoder to perceive and focus on relevant objects and correlate the visual context and language content for producing semantically correct captions. The visual features and GloVe word embeddings are input into the decoder to generate natural semantic descriptions for the videos. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated on the video captioning benchmark dataset Microsoft Video Description (MSVD) using various well-known evaluation metrics. The experimental findings indicate that the suggested framework outperforms state-of-the-art techniques. Compared to the state-of-the-art research methods, the proposed model significantly increased all measures, B@1, B@2, B@3, B@4, METEOR, and CIDEr, with the score of 78.4, 64.8, 54.2, and 43.7, 32.3, and 70.7, respectively. The progression in all scores indicates a more excellent grasp of the context of the inputs, which results in more accurate caption prediction.
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Rācenis, Kārlis, Anna Jana Saulīte, Anna Popova, Mikus Saulīte, Juta Kroiča, Aivars Petersons, Harijs Cernevskis, et al. "MO213: Sars-COV-2 Vaccination DID Not Affect the Clinical Course of IGA Nephropathy in Latvian Adult Cohort." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 37, Supplement_3 (May 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfac067.012.
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Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS The current strategy to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic involves active patient vaccination. Patients with renal and autoimmune diseases are in high risk for severe COVID-19 infection [1]. Therefore they should be prioritized for vaccination. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerulonephritis triggered by mucous membrane alteration; however, there is a discussion about vaccination-caused IgA flare [2]. The immunological nature of IgAN and misleading information in public sources leaves patients skeptical about whether to get vaccinated [3]. The study aimed to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on the clinical course of IgA nephropathy. METHOD Adult patients treated in Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital with morphologically proven IgAN were included in the study. Patients with secondary IgAN were excluded. Evaluation of clinical and laboratory markers was performed on inclusion visit and on the second visit 6 months later. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination type and status were noted on both visits. Estimated GFR was calculated with CKD-EPI creatinine–cystatin equation. IBM SPSS Statistics version 27 and Microsoft Excel 10 were used for data analysis. RESULTS The study involved 54 patients, 36 were unvaccinated and 18 were fully vaccinated. A significant difference between the two groups was observed by baseline proteinuria. Other differences were not observed. Fourteen patients were vaccinated with mRNA vaccine, 13 with Comirnaty and 1 with Spikevax, and four patients were vaccinated with Vaxzevria vector vaccine. The differences between the two groups are shown in Table 1. During study period, two patients had COVID-19 infection; a patient in the vaccinated group had COVID-19 prior to vaccination. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 vaccination did not affect the clinical course of IgA nephropathy. Our study results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IgA nephropathy patients was safe regarding renal function and disease activity markers.
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Kant, Barun, Arunoday Kumar, Tanya Nandkeoliar, Pankaj Malhotra, Aditi Sinha, and Nishant Kumar Tewari. "RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF CRESTAL BONE RESORPTION DURING HEALING & LOADING PERIOD IN IMPLANT SUPPORTED OVERDENTURE BY PLACING IMPLANT THROUGH FLAP TECHNIQUE- IN VIVO STUDY." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 4, no. 5 (May 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v4i5.1109.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to detect the effect of flap technique on crestal bone resorption during healing and loading period in implant supported overdentures.
Material and Methods: A total of 8 patients, 5 male and 3 female, ranging from 50 to 70 years of age, having completely edentulous maxillary and mandibular arches were selected for the study the whole study was conducted in 4 phases. In the 1st phase Clinical Diagnosis, Treatment Planning & Denture Fabrication was done. The selected subjects will be diagnosed and treatment planning for new denture fabrication was done. In the 2nd phase the denture insertion was done and if required occlusal correction was be performed. After initial recall visit, patient was recalled again after one week of denture usage. In this visit 1st stage of implant surgery was conducted. Dental implant in the mid symphyseal region was placed following all the surgical protocols. Immediately after surgery first IOPA with RVG was taken. After the surgery the denture was relieved at the surgical site and patient was asked to use the same denture. Subsequently after 4 weeks and after 12 weeks of healing the second and third IOPA with RVG was taken. The computer software was used for measuring the bone level. After 3 months of Osseointegration period in phase 3, the loading of the implant was done by incorporating O ring attachment. Again after 4 weeks and after 12 weeks of loading the fourth and fifth IOPA with RVG was taken. The magnification error was checked. The data obtained was saved using Paint software used in Microsoft 8.1. The data so obtained for measuring the bone levels with the help of computer software (RVG 5100) was tabled and statistical analysis was done.
Results: The mean rate of crestal bone loss with time was more during first month (0.35mm) then it decreased in 3rd month (0.51mm) and further decreased during 4th month (0.59mm) and 6th month (0.70mm) follow up period.
Conclusion: The concept of single implant supported overdentures provides another option for completely edentulous elderly patients with severely resorbed mandibular ridge & with economic constraints in developing countries.
Keywords: Dental implants, Overdenture, Residual Alveolar Ridge, Crestal Bone loss, Intraoral Digital Radiography (RVG 5100).
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Küntzler, Theresa, T. Tim A. Höfling, and Georg W. Alpers. "Automatic Facial Expression Recognition in Standardized and Non-standardized Emotional Expressions." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (May 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627561.
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Emotional facial expressions can inform researchers about an individual's emotional state. Recent technological advances open up new avenues to automatic Facial Expression Recognition (FER). Based on machine learning, such technology can tremendously increase the amount of processed data. FER is now easily accessible and has been validated for the classification of standardized prototypical facial expressions. However, applicability to more naturalistic facial expressions still remains uncertain. Hence, we test and compare performance of three different FER systems (Azure Face API, Microsoft; Face++, Megvii Technology; FaceReader, Noldus Information Technology) with human emotion recognition (A) for standardized posed facial expressions (from prototypical inventories) and (B) for non-standardized acted facial expressions (extracted from emotional movie scenes). For the standardized images, all three systems classify basic emotions accurately (FaceReader is most accurate) and they are mostly on par with human raters. For the non-standardized stimuli, performance drops remarkably for all three systems, but Azure still performs similarly to humans. In addition, all systems and humans alike tend to misclassify some of the non-standardized emotional facial expressions as neutral. In sum, emotion recognition by automated facial expression recognition can be an attractive alternative to human emotion recognition for standardized and non-standardized emotional facial expressions. However, we also found limitations in accuracy for specific facial expressions; clearly there is need for thorough empirical evaluation to guide future developments in computer vision of emotional facial expressions.
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Thabit, Abdullah, Mohamed Benmahdjoub, Marie-Lise C. van Veelen, Wiro J. Niessen, Eppo B. Wolvius, and Theo van Walsum. "Augmented reality navigation for minimally invasive craniosynostosis surgery: a phantom study." International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, May 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-022-02634-y.
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Abstract Purpose In minimally invasive spring-assisted craniectomy, surgeons plan the surgery by manually locating the cranial sutures. However, this approach is prone to error. Augmented reality (AR) could be used to visualize the cranial sutures and assist in the surgery planning. The purpose of our work is to develop an AR-based system to visualize cranial sutures, and to assess the accuracy and usability of using AR-based navigation for surgical guidance in minimally invasive spring-assisted craniectomy. Methods An AR system was developed that consists of an electromagnetic tracking system linked with a Microsoft HoloLens. The system was used to conduct a study with two skull phantoms. For each phantom, five sutures were annotated and visualized on the skull surface. Twelve participants assessed the system. For each participant, model alignment using six anatomical landmarks was performed, followed by the participant delineation of the visualized sutures. At the end, the participants filled a system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire. For evaluation, an independent optical tracking system was used and the delineated sutures were digitized and compared to the CT-annotated sutures. Results For a total of 120 delineated sutures, the distance of the annotated sutures to the planning reference was $$2.4\pm 1.2$$ 2.4 ± 1.2 mm. The average delineation time per suture was $$13\pm 5$$ 13 ± 5 s. For the system usability questionnaire, an average SUS score of 73 was obtained. Conclusion The developed AR-system has good accuracy (average 2.4 mm distance) and could be used in the OR. The system can assist in the pre-planning of minimally invasive craniosynostosis surgeries to locate cranial sutures accurately instead of the traditional approach of manual palpation. Although the conducted phantom study was designed to closely reflect the clinical setup in the OR, further clinical validation of the developed system is needed and will be addressed in a future work.
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Ples, Liana, Cringu Ionescu, Mihai Dimitriu, Anca Lesnic, Zorela Adriana Sgarbura, and Alina Calin. "Is Ulipristal Acetate a Liver Toxic Biomolecule? Toxicity assessment of ulipristal acetate." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 8 (September 15, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.8.6456.
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Progesterone is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Its main functions are playing a key role in the development, differentiation, and normal functioning of female reproduction-related target tissues including the uterus (endometrium and myometrium), the ovary, and the mammary gland, as well as regulating the hypothalamic�pituitary�gonadal axis. Soon after the discovery of the progesterone receptor (PR) it was appreciated that the development of a PR antagonist would have a major therapeutic potential. Numerous related compounds have been synthesized exhibiting a spectrum of activity ranging from pure progesterone receptor antagonists (PA), to mixed agonists/antagonists. These latter compounds are also known as selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRM), progesterone receptor modulators (PRM), mesoprogestins or partial agonist�antagonists. Ulipristal acetate is a SPRM used in Europe for preoperative treatment of moderate-to-severe symptoms of uterine leiomyomas in adult women of reproductive age. This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in two medical units, Saint John Hospital and Egometacs Clinic, between january 2017-december 2018, on women treated with UPA (ulipristal acetate) for symptomatic uterine fibroids, in order to evaluate if there were any liver function changes after the treatment. In the mentioned period, 74 women were treated with UPA for symptomatic uterine myomas in the two units. After checking the records, 6 women were lost on follow up (only the first visit was recorded), 4 didn�t complete the treatment course and 7 had incomplete laboratory evaluation, either at the beginning or at the end of treatment. Finally, our cohort was comprised of 57 women, aged between 20 and 50 years old, treated with UPA for various conditions (myomas, abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain etc.) during a period of 3 month�, and adherence to treatment was 100%. We performed a paired T-test on the before and after values of the AST, ALT, GGT enzymes and total bilirubin levels, for our statistical analysis we used SPPS 20, and the charts were built using Microsoft Excel. There were no significant statistical differences between the before and after values of the variables measured in our study. In our study the paired T-test determined that there were no statistical significant differences between the liver function after Esmya administration. Altough there was no evidence of hepatic impairment in the 3 months course of treatment, precautions as the one recomended by EMA, should be respected. Still, more studies are needed in order to rule out the potential harmful effect of UPA on the liver, taking into account detailed liver function evaluation and extended laboratory tests. Until then, the temporary safety measures issued by the European Medicines Agency, are to be respected. The measures include: no use of UPA for women with known liver conditions, careful monitoring of liver function monthly for the patients under treatment and at four weeks after, and immediate discontinuation and report of any adverse complaints.
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Cuthbert, Verna, Vicki Leeson, and Jen Nisbet. "P03 Utilizing a videography platform for the therapeutic management of chronic pain relating to Hypermobility in children and young people." Rheumatology Advances in Practice 6, Supplement_1 (September 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rap/rkac067.003.
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Abstract Introduction/Background Many patients present to Paediatric Rheumatology clinic, (53%) with chronic pain related to Hypermobility. Pre-Covid, an evidenced based hypermobility class was developed and run by the Allied Health Professional team for children and young people (C & YP), and their parents/carers. These 6 classes were group-based and included education and exercise therapy but were stopped due to the pandemic. Feedback gained was good from the class, although reported issues included reduced school attendance, accessibility due to location, parental time off work, financial and time implications of travel, and unsuitability of group interventions for CYP with social anxiety and autism disorders. Description/Method A digital platform (Vimeo) was used to present Hypermobility education and exercise content created by the Paediatric Rheumatology team. The video aims to address these barriers, allowing more equality of access for all CYP; digital access allows CYP and parents to re-visit this information at any time, providing ongoing support for long term management of this condition. The digital platform is being developed to maximize the effectiveness of therapy resources and to improve the patients experience to promote self-management of their hypermobility. Funding was applied for via the Transformation service. Meeting with the hospital videographer enabled the AHP team to devise a template for the video including education on what is Hypermobility, on the role of exercise - targeted versus general, the benefits of exercise, supportive footwear, pain management, pacing, sleep hygiene, and hand function advice to manage hypermobility. The class exercise programme including hand therapy was videoed using a model. The video was filmed in half a day. It was filmed using an unscripted question- and- answer format. The Paediatric Rheumatology MDT were filmed in the video. The digital platform is currently with our videography team for further edit. Further signposting to established resources will be included in the Vimeo resource. Following a final edit, this resource will be used for this patient population group. Feedback from CYP and parents, along with other health professionals is planned. Discussion/Results On receipt of the first edit, multi-source feedback from parents/carers, CYP and other health professionals is planned via Microsoft Teams. It is hoped to show the video via Teams and seek anonymized feedback on the Teams chat function. This feedback will be discussed by the Paediatric Rheumatology MDT and will inform the final edit of the Hypermobility video resource. Further data from Vimeo analytics will be gathered e.g. how many times video watched, how long video is watched for, and what devices are being used. It is hoped that the Hypermobility Video will help support CYP and families in the long-term management and pain resulting from this condition. Key learning points/Conclusion It is hoped that the use of new technologies and innovative ways of delivering care can enable health professionals to implement clinical support, improve self-management of chronic pain related to hypermobility, whilst improving equitable patient access to therapy across the North-West. Multi-source feedback will help inform the final edit of the video resource. Ongoing evaluation and analysis of Vimeo data will inform whether the resource is a useful adjunct in long term management of pain arising from Hypermobility.
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Ostafiichuk, S. O., P. R. Volosovskyi, P. M. Prudnikov, and N. I. Henyk. "PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN." Art of Medicine, April 9, 2022, 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21802/artm.2022.1.21.79.
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The problem of optimizing the management of women with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPP) is actual due to the high frequency of this pathology, unclear many aspects of the pathogenesis, negative impact on quality of life, as well as difficulties in diagnosing the leading factor and effective treatment.
Aim. Optimization of the diagnostic algorithm of managing women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS).
Materials and methods. A prospective study was carried out at Ivano-Frankivsk City Clinical Perinatal Center, Ukraine. 112 patients with CPP and 53 women without pain and symptoms of gynecological pathology as a control group have been included. Exclusion criteria are as follows: pelvic tumors, genital endometriosis, acute inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs and specific inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Clinical and laboratory examination, ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound of the main pelvic veins: uterine, ovarian, internal iliac and arcuate veins, Valsalva᾽s test have been performed, which helps to detect venous diameter and reflux, for all patients. Short Pain Assessment Scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used for pain assessment. The tests were conducted in the form of interviews and questionnaires. The results were statistically analyzed using Statistica 7.0 program pack (StatSoft Inc., USA) and Microsoft Excel statistical analysis package. The differences between the selections were considered statistically reliable at p<0.05 (Tukey’s test).
Results. Pain duration, examination and treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease were in average 3.8±2.4 years at the time of the first visit. The study has proved that the risk factors for CPP and PCS are high parity (3 or more deliveries), prolonged work in prolong standing or sitting position, interrupted intercourse. 69.6 % of women noted a deterioration in general activity, 43.8 % impaired gait, 79.5 % had difficulties in performing daily work and professional activities, 71.4 % of patients had increased pain in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, and in 83.9 % after prolonged standing. Half of women have sleep disorders, 80.4 % – emotional lability, a third group have periods of depression, and 71.4 % – a negative impact on sexual life according to the results of a Short Pain Assessment Scale. Based on SF-MPQ, it was found that the sensory characteristics of pain were different. 69 (61.6 %) women had convulsive, aching and moderate pain, 16.1 % – severe and burning pain, 8.9% of patients suffered on prickly pain. Evaluation of the emotional scale showed that PCS caused exhaustion in more than half of women, nausea in a third of cases, while 5 (4.5 %) patients reported severe pain that led to despair. Pain intensity due to VAS was 4.44±1.15. Ultrasound revealed an increased diameters of the main pelvic venous collectors, decreased peak systolic bleeding rate in women with CPP and PCS compared with the results of women of the control group (p<0,05). Valsalva᾽s test showed that the presence of reno-ovarian reflux was found in 15.2 % patients of the main group, including bilateral in 23.53 %, isolated left – in 64.7 %.
Conclusions. Women with CPP, especially in the presence of risk factors and the specific clinical picture of pelvic congestion should undergo ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound examination of the uterine, ovarian, internal iliac and arcuate veins. Pain assessment scales have the prognostic value of routine pain assessment to analyze the treatment results.
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Kayani, Huma. "Artificial intelligence and its applications in ophthalmology." Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University 13, no. 4 (January 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37018/jfjmu.724.
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The term artificial intelligence (AI) was proposed in 1956 by Dartmouth scholar John McCarthy, which refers to hardware or software that exhibits behavior which appears intelligent.1 During recent times, AI gained immense popularity as new algorithms, specialized hardware, huge data and cloud-based services were developed. Machine learning (ML), a subset of AI, originated in 1980 and is defined as a set of methods that automatically detect patterns in data and then incorporate this information to predict future data under uncertain conditions. Another escalating technology of ML called Deep learning (DL), launched in 2000s, is an escalating technology of ML and has revolutionized the world of AI. These technologies are powerful tools utilized by modern society for objects' recognition in images, real-time languages' translation, device manipulation via speech (such as Apple's Siri®, Amazon’s Alexa®, Microsoft’s Cortana®, etc.). The steps for AI model include preprocessing image data, train, validate and test the model, and evaluate the trained model's performance. To increase AI prediction efficiency, raw data need to be preprocessed. Data collected from different sources needs to be integrated and the most relevant features selected and extracted to improve the learning process performance. Data set is randomly partitioned into two independent subsets, one is for modeling and the other is for testing. The test set is used to evaluate the final performance of the trained model. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) is most used evaluation metrics for quantitative assessment of a model in AI diagnosis. The AUCs effective models range from 0.5 to 1; higher the value of AUC, better the performance of the model.2 In the medical field, AI gained popularity by visualization of input images of highly potential abnormal sites which can be reviewed and analyzed in future.
AI and DL algorithms or systems are also widely used in field of ophthalmology. More intensively studied fields are diabetic retinopathy, age related macular degeneration, and cataract and glaucoma. Various ophthalmic imaging modalities used for AI diagnosis include fundus image, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ocular ultrasound, slit-lamp image and visual field. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a diabetic complication, is a vasculopathy that affects one-third of diabetic patients leading to irreversible blindness. AI has been in use to predict DR risk and its progression. Gulshan and colleague were the first to report the application of DL for DR identification.3 They used large fundus image data sets in supervised manner for DR detection. Other studies applied DL to identify and stage DR. DL-based computer-aided system was introduced to detect DR through OCT images, achieving a specificity of 0.98.4 A computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system based on CML algorithms using optical coherence tomography angiography images to automatically diagnose non-proliferative DR (NPDR) also achieved high accuracy and AUC.5 Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness among old people in the developed world. ML algorithms are being used to identify AMD lesions and prompt early treatment with accuracy usually over 80%.6 Using ML to predict treatment of retinal neovascularity in AMD and DR by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti VEGF) injection requirements can manage patients' economic burden and resource management. ML algorithms have been applied to diagnose and grade cataract using fundus images, ultrasounds images, and visible wavelength eye images.7 Glaucoma is the third largest sight-threatening eye disease around the world. Glaucoma patients suffered from high intraocular pressure, damage of the optic nerve head, retina nerve fiber layer defect, and gradual vision loss. Studies using DL methods to diagnose glaucoma are few. So far, fundus images and wide-field OCT scans have all been used to construct DL-based glaucomatous diagnostic models. Mostly, the DL-based methods show excellent results.8
In this era of “evidence-based medicine,” clinicians and patients find it difficult to trust a mysterious machine to diagnose yet cannot provide explanations of why the patient has certain disease. In future, advanced AI interpreters will be launched which will contribute significantly to revolutionize current disease diagnostic pattern.