Journal articles on the topic 'Microservices Systems'
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1
Hamza, Muhammad. "Transforming Monolithic Systems to a Microservices Architecture." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 48, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3573074.3573091.
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Context: microservices architecture enables organizations to develop an application as a suite of loosely coupled small and independent services that can be developed, tested, and deployed independently. Various organizations are re-architecting their existing monolithic systems with microservices architecture. However, re-architecting the entire system can bring some indefinite challenges. Objective: the goal of this research project is to investigate (i) the need for migration from monolithic to microservices architecture, (ii) architectural description for adopting microservices, (iii) refactoring tools and methods (iv) potential challenges while transforming to microservices, and (v) effective patterns and strategies to adopt microservice successfully. Methodology: the industrial empirical (interviews, case study, and questionnaire survey) approach will be used to meet the research objective. Possible outcomes: the expected outcomes would be (i) an evidence-based decision-making framework for transforming monolithic architecture (ii) strategies to refactor the monolithic architecture (iii) prioritization-based taxonomy of challenges while transforming to microservices. Finally, (iv) the development of a decision model for selecting patterns and strategies for successful implementation of the microservices system.
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Valdivi, José Ali, Alonso Lora-Gonzalez, Xavier Limón, Karen Cortes-Verdin, and Jorge Octavio Ocharán-Hernández. "Patterns Related to Microservice Architecture: a Multivocal Literature Review." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 33, no. 1 (2021): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2021-33(1)-6.
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A Microservice Architecture enables the development of distributed systems using a set of highly cohesive, independent, and collaborative services, ready for current cloud computing demands. Each microservice can be implemented in different technologies, sharing common communication channels, which results in heterogeneous distributed systems that exhibit high scalability, maintainability, performance, and interoperability. Currently, there are many options to build microservices; some of them led by patterns that establish common structures to solve recurrent problems. Nevertheless, as microservices are an emerging trend, the relationship between quality attributes, metrics, and patterns is not clearly defined, which is a concern from a software engineering point of view, since such understanding is fundamental to correctly design systems using this architecture. This paper aims to extend the knowledge on the design of microservices-based systems by presenting a multivocal systematic literature review for microservices related patterns, tying them together with quality attributes and metrics, as can be found in academic and industry research.
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Rusek, Marian, and Joanna Landmesser. "Time Complexity of an Distributed Algorithm for Load Balancing of Microservice-oriented Applications in the Cloud." ITM Web of Conferences 21 (2018): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182100018.
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Microservice architecture is a relatively new cloud application design pattern. Each microservice has a single responsibility in terms of functional requirement, and that can be managed independently from other microservices. This is done using automated cloud orchestration systems. In this paper we analyze the time complexity of an simple swarm-like decentralized load balancing algorithm for microservices running inside OpenVZ virtualization containers. We show that it can offer performance improvements with respect to the existing centralized container orchestration systems.
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Laigner, Rodrigo, Yongluan Zhou, Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles, Yijian Liu, and Marcos Kalinowski. "Data management in microservices." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, no. 13 (September 2021): 3348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3484224.3484232.
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Microservices have become a popular architectural style for data-driven applications, given their ability to functionally decompose an application into small and autonomous services to achieve scalability, strong isolation, and specialization of database systems to the workloads and data formats of each service. Despite the accelerating industrial adoption of this architectural style, an investigation of the state of the practice and challenges practitioners face regarding data management in microservices is lacking. To bridge this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review of representative articles reporting the adoption of microservices, we analyzed a set of popular open-source microservice applications, and we conducted an online survey to cross-validate the findings of the previous steps with the perceptions and experiences of over 120 experienced practitioners and researchers. Through this process, we were able to categorize the state of practice of data management in microservices and observe several foundational challenges that cannot be solved by software engineering practices alone, but rather require system-level support to alleviate the burden imposed on practitioners. We discuss the shortcomings of state-of-the-art database systems regarding microservices and we conclude by devising a set of features for microservice-oriented database systems.
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Vera-Rivera, Fredy H., Carlos Gaona, and Hernán Astudillo. "Defining and measuring microservice granularity—a literature overview." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (September 8, 2021): e695. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.695.
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Background Microservices are an architectural approach of growing use, and the optimal granularity of a microservice directly affects the application’s quality attributes and usage of computational resources. Determining microservice granularity is an open research topic. Methodology We conducted a systematic literature review to analyze literature that addresses the definition of microservice granularity. We searched in IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library and Scopus. The research questions were: Which approaches have been proposed to define microservice granularity and determine the microservices’ size? Which metrics are used to evaluate microservice granularity? Which quality attributes are addressed when researching microservice granularity? Results We found 326 papers and selected 29 after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality attributes most often addressed are runtime properties (e.g., scalability and performance), not development properties (e.g., maintainability). Most proposed metrics were about the product, both static (coupling, cohesion, complexity, source code) and runtime (performance, and usage of computational resources), and a few were about the development team and process. The most used techniques for defining microservices granularity were machine learning (clustering), semantic similarity, genetic programming, and domain engineering. Most papers were concerned with migration from monoliths to microservices; and a few addressed green-field development, but none address improvement of granularity in existing microservice-based systems. Conclusions Methodologically speaking, microservice granularity research is at a Wild West stage: no standard definition, no clear development—operation trade-offs, and scarce conceptual reuse (e.g., few methods seem applicable or replicable in projects other than their initial proposal). These gaps in granularity research offer clear options to investigate on continuous improvement of the development and operation of microservice-based systems.
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Stojkov, Aleksandra, and Zeljko Stojanov. "Review of methods for migrating software systems to microservices architecture." Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness 11, no. 2 (2021): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jemc2102152s.
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Majority of software systems in business use, known as legacy systems, have monolithic structure hard to maintain and upgrade with new features. The most common option to overcome this situation is reengineering of existing software systems, which can be perform in different ways and with different outcomes. One of the recent most popular approaches is migration to microservices architectures, which makes distribution of software functionalities in small and independent units possible. Each unit, called microservice is self-contained and independent, which makes system manipulation and modification easier. Several methods for migration to microservice architecture have recently been proposed. This article presents a review of methods for migrating existing systems towards microservices. In addition, this article presents software artifacts affected by migration methods and used algorithms. Implications and benefits of the presented study, as well as validity issues are discussed, followed with concluding remarks and future research directions.
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Yu, Hang, Xiulei Wang, Changyou Xing, and Bo Xu. "A Microservice Resilience Deployment Mechanism Based on Diversity." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (June 1, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7146716.
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The microservice architecture has many advantages, such as technology heterogeneity, isolation, scalability, simple deployment, and convenient optimization. These advantages are important as we can use diversity and redundancy to improve the resilience of software system. It is necessary to study the method of improving the resilience of software system by diversity implementation and redundant deployment of software core components based on microservice framework. How to optimize the diversity deployment of microservices is a key problem to maximize system resilience and make full use of resources. To solve this problem, an efficient microservice diversity deployment mechanism is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we creatively defined a load balancing indicator and a diversity indicator. Based on this, a diversified microservices deployment model is established to maximize the resilience and the resource utilization of the system. Secondly, combined with load balancing, a microservice deployment algorithm based on load balance and diversity is proposed, which reduces the service’s dependence on the underlying mirror by enriching diversity and avoids the overreliance of microservices on a single node through decentralized deployment, while taking into account load balancing. Finally, we conduct experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms.
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Salvadori, Ivan Luiz, Alexis Huf, Bruno C. N. Oliveira, Ronaldo dos Santos Mello, and Frank Siqueira. "Improving entity linking with ontology alignment for semantic microservices composition." International Journal of Web Information Systems 13, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 302–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-04-2017-0029.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose a method based on Linked Data and Semantic Web principles for composing microservices through data integration. Two frameworks that provide support for the proposed composition method are also described in this paper: Linkedator, which is responsible for connecting entities managed by microservices, and Alignator, which aligns semantic concepts defined by heterogeneous ontologies. Design/methodology/approach The proposed method is based on entity linking principles and uses individual matching techniques considering a formal notion of identity. This method imposes two major constraints that must be taken into account by its implementation: architectural constraints and resource design constraints. Findings Experiments were performed in a real-world scenario, using public government data. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed method and that, it leverages the independence of development and composability of microservices. Thereby, the data provided by microservices that adopt heterogeneous ontologies can now be linked together. Research limitations/implications This work only considers microservices designed as data providers. Microservices designed to execute functionalities in a given application domain are out of the scope of this work. Originality/value The proposed composition method exploits the potential data intersection observed in resource-oriented microservice descriptions, providing a navigable view of data provided by a set of interrelated microservices. Furthermore, this study explores the applicability of ontology alignments for composing microservices.
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Doljenko, Alexey, Irina Shpolianskaya, and Sergey Glushenko. "Fuzzy production network model for quality assessment of an information system based on microservices." Business Informatics 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2587-814x.2020.4.36.46.
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This article describes the analysis of the quality of microservice architectures, which are one of the main approaches to the creation and maintenance of modern information systems capable of quickly respond to changes in business demands. The implementation of continuous delivery of software components for dynamic business processes of information systems can be carried out by various sets of microservices, the optimal choice of which is a complex multi-alternative task. The paper presents a review of existing approaches to solving the problem, which showed that the development of models for assessing the quality of microservices of information systems requires further elaboration in terms of accounting for uncertainty in the initial data and modes of operation. The authors have proposed an approach to solving the problem of analyzing the quality of a microservice architecture which is implemented on the basis of a fuzzy production network model. The model allows for comprehensive accounting of various parameters (qualitative and quantitative). The article shows the implementation process of the fuzzy production network that was developed to analyze the functional quality of the microservice architecture for processing customer orders using fuzzy modeling software. The results of the analysis will allow managers and system architects to make an informed choice of the microservice architecture of the information system, as well as use it in their reports when arguing the need for scaling the system and increasing the availability of microservices.
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Zhou, Xueyun, Xinling Wu, and Yihong Chen. "High-Concurrency and High-Performance Application of Microservice Order System Based on Big Data." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (June 28, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3424283.
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The order system plays the role of the central nervous system in the integrated logistics operation. Theoretically speaking, the whole operation process of logistics service is to complete the order, the order information runs through all the links of the whole logistics, and the order processing efficiency affects the logistics process. This paper studies the high-concurrency and high-performance applications of the microservice order system based on big data, which prove that on the basis of big data technology, the performance of the microservice order system will be greatly improved. To this end, the analysis provides an overview of big data technologies and related content of microservices. It describes their application scenarios and then combines the development of the order system with a comprehensive analysis to prove its feasibility. At the same time, we compared multiple algorithms applied in microservices and found the most suitable algorithm for the order system and applied it, so that the order system can achieve high concurrency and high performance. The big data-based microservices control system proved to be useful for reasonable resource planning and for improving system performance in experiments. The final experiment found that in the microservice order system using big data, its transaction average response time was 0.01 s, and the success rate was 100%.
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Pakrijauskas, Kęstutis, and Dalius Mažeika. "A Method of Transparent Graceful Failover in Low Latency Stateful Microservices." Electronics 11, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11233936.
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Microservice architecture is a preferred way to build applications. Being flexible and loosely coupled, it allows to deploy code at a high pace. State, or, in other words, data is not only a commodity but crucial to any business. The high availability and accessibility of data enables companies to remain competitive. However, maintaining low latency stateful microservices, for example, performing updates, is difficult compared to stateless microservices. Making changes to a stateful microservice requires a graceful failover, which has an impact on the availability budget. The method of graceful failover is proposed to improve availability of a low latency stateful microservice when performing maintenance. By observing database connection activity and forcefully terminating idle client connections, the method allows to redirect database requests from one node to another with negligible impact on the client. Thus, the proposed method allows to keep the precious availability budget untouched while performing maintenance operations on low latency stateful microservices. A set of experiments was performed to evaluate stateful microservice availability during failover and to validate the method. The results have shown that near-zero downtime was achieved during a graceful failover.
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Barabanov, Alexander, and Denis Makrushin. "Authentication and Authorization in Microservice-Based Systems: Survey of Architecture Patterns." Voprosy kiberbezopasnosti, no. 4(38) (2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21681/2311-3456-2020-04-32-43.
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Abstract Objective. Service-oriented architecture and its microservice-based approach increase an attack surface of applications. Exposed microservices become a pivot point for advanced persistent threats and completely change the threat landscape. Correctly implemented authentication and authorization architecture patterns are basis of any software maturity program. The aim of this study is to provide a helpful resource to application security architect and developers on existing architecture patterns to implement authentication and authorization in microservices-based systems. Method. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of major electronic databases and libraries as well as security standards and presentations at the major security conferences. Results and practical relevance. In this work based on research papers and major security conferences presentations analysis, we identified industry best practices in authentication and authorization patterns and its applicability depending on environment characteristic. For each described patterns we reviewed its advantages and disadvantages that could be used as decision-making criteria for application security architects during architecture design phase.
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Leines-Vite, Lenin, Juan Carlos Pérez-Arriaga, and Xavier Limón. "Information and Communication Security Mechanisms For Microservices-based Systems." International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications 13, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2021.13607.
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Security has become paramount in modern software services as more and more security breaches emerge, impacting final users and organizations alike. Trends like the Microservice Architecture bring new security challenges related to communication, system design, development, and operation. The literature presents a plethora of security-related solutions for microservices-based systems, but the spread of information difficult practitioners' adoption of novel security related solutions. In this study, we aim to present a catalogue and discussion of security solutions based on algorithms, protocols, standards, or implementations; supporting principles or characteristics of information security, considering the three possible states of data, according to the McCumber Cube. Our research follows a Systematic Literature Review, synthesizing the results with a meta-aggregation process. We identified a total of 30 primary studies, yielding 75 security solutions for the communication of microservices.
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Hassan, Sara, Rami Bahsoon, Leandro Minku, and Nour Ali. "Dynamic Evaluation of Microservice Granularity Adaptation." ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3502724.
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Microservices have gained acceptance in software industries as an emerging architectural style for autonomic, scalable, and more reliable computing. Among the critical microservice architecture design decisions is when to adapt the granularity of a microservice architecture by merging/decomposing microservices. No existing work investigates the following question: How can we reason about the trade-off between predicted benefits and cost of pursuing microservice granularity adaptation under uncertainty? To address this question, we provide a novel formulation of the decision problem to pursue granularity adaptation as a real options problem. We propose a novel evaluation process for dynamically evaluating granularity adaptation design decisions under uncertainty. Our process is based on a novel combination of real options and the concept of Bayesian surprises. We show the benefits of our evaluation process by comparing it to four representative industrial microservice runtime monitoring tools, which can be used for retrospective evaluation for granularity adaptation decisions. Our comparison shows that our process can supersede and/or complement these tools. We implement a microservice application—Filmflix—using Amazon Web Service Lambda and use this implementation as a case study to show the unique benefit of our process compared to traditional application of real options analysis.
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Chimakurthi, Venkata Naga Satya Surendra. "Risks of Multi-Cloud Environment: Micro Services Based Architecture and Potential Challenges." ABC Research Alert 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 33—xx. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/abcra.v5i3.590.
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Over the most recent couple of years, a modified programming engineering style has been created to plan new programming applications. This engineering style is especially appropriate for use cases in the avionic business, from an autonomously deployable programming administration. These administrations are worked around business and mission capacities and are freely deployable by completely computerized apparatus. With microservices, a few sorts of uses become simpler to construct and keep up with when they are separated into more modest, composable pieces that cooperate. This is rather than a conventional, "solid" application that is completely evolved in one piece. This paper will talk about, a few parts of microservices-based engineering, including a few potential use cases for the aeronautic trade. The qualities of microservice-based engineering like componentization, association, endpoints, and informing systems. The specialized execution of microservices by auditing containerization, administrations correspondence, and related design parts. Explicit open-source tasks and parts that can be used to fabricate the microservices-based design. An example set of utilization cases.
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Giallorenzo, Saverio, Fabrizio Montesi, Larisa Safina, and Stefano Pio Zingaro. "Ephemeral data handling in microservices with Tquery." PeerJ Computer Science 8 (July 22, 2022): e1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1037.
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The adoption of edge and fog systems, along with the introduction of privacy-preserving regulations, compel the usage of tools for expressing complex data queries in an ephemeral way. That is, queried data should not persist. Database engines partially address this need, as they provide domain-specific languages for querying data. Unfortunately, using a database in an ephemeral setting has inessential issues related to throughput bottlenecks, scalability, dependency management, and security (e.g., query injection). Moreover, databases can impose specific data structures and data formats, which can hinder the development of microservice architectures that integrate heterogeneous systems and handle semi-structured data. In this article, we present Jolie/Tquery, the first query framework designed for ephemeral data handling in microservices. Jolie/Tquery joins the benefits of a technology-agnostic, microservice-oriented programming language, Jolie, and of one of the most widely-used query languages for semi-structured data in microservices, the MongoDB aggregation framework. To make Jolie/Tquery reliable for the users, we follow a cleanroom software engineering process. First, we define Tquery, a theory for querying semi-structured data compatible with Jolie and inspired by a consistent variant of the key operators of the MongoDB aggregation framework. Then, we describe how we implemented Jolie/Tquery following Tquery and how the Jolie type system naturally captures the syntax of Tquery and helps to preserve its invariants. To both illustrate Tquery and Jolie/Tquery, we present the use case of a medical algorithm and build our way to a microservice that implements it using Jolie/Tquery. Finally, we report microbenchmarks that validate the expectation that, in the ephemeral case, using Jolie/Tquery outperforms using an external database (MongoDB, specifically).
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Suljkanović, Alen, Branko Milosavljević, Vladimir Inđić, and Igor Dejanović. "Developing Microservice-Based Applications Using the Silvera Domain-Specific Language." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 6679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136679.
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Microservice Architecture (MSA) is a rising trend in software architecture design. Applications based on MSA are distributed applications whose components are microservices. MSA has already been adopted with great success by numerous companies, and a significant number of published papers discuss its advantages. However, the results of recent studies show that there are several important challenges in the adoption of microservices such as finding the right decomposition approach, heterogeneous technology stacks, lack of relevant skills, out-of-date documentation, etc. In this paper, we present Silvera, a Domain-Specific Language (DSL), and a compiler for accelerating the development of microservices. Silvera is a declarative language that allows users to model the architecture of microservice-based systems. It is designed so that it can be used both by inexperienced and experienced developers. The following characteristics distinguish Silvera from similar tools: (i) lightweight and editor-agnostic language, (ii) built with heterogeneity in mind, (iii) uses microservice-tailored metrics to evaluate the architecture of the designed system, and (iv) automatically generates the documentation. Silvera’s retargetable compiler transforms models into runnable code and produces the documentation for each microservice in the model. The compiler can produce code for any programming language or framework since code generators are registered as plugins. We present a case study that illustrates the use of Silvera and also discuss some current limitations and development directions. To evaluate Silvera, we conducted a survey based on A Framework for Qualitative Assessment of DSLs (FQAD), where we focused on the following DSL characteristics: functional suitability, usability, reliability, productivity, extendability, and expressiveness. Overall, the survey results show that Silvera satisfies these characteristics.
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Wai, Richard. "XERIS/APEX." ACM SIGAda Ada Letters 40, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3463478.3463484.
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Modern day cloud native applications have become broadly representative of distributed systems in the wild. However, unlike traditional distributed system models with conceptually static designs, cloud-native systems emphasize dynamic scaling and on-line iteration (CI/CD). Cloud-native systems tend to be architected around a networked collection of distinct programs ("microservices") that can be added, removed, and updated in real-time. Typically, distinct containerized programs constitute individual microservices that then communicate among the larger distributed application through heavy-weight protocols. Common communication stacks exchange JSON or XML objects over HTTP, via TCP/TLS, and incur significant overhead, particularly when using small size message sizes. Additionally, interpreted/JIT/VM-based languages such as Javascript (NodeJS/Deno), Java, and Python are dominant in modern microservice programs. These language technologies, along with the high-overhead messaging, can impose superlinear cost increases (hardware demands) on scale-out, particularly towards hyperscale and/or with latency-sensitive workloads.
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Li, Yiren, Tieke Li, Pei Shen, Liang Hao, Wenjing Liu, Shuai Wang, Yufei Song, and Liang Bao. "Sim-DRS: a similarity-based dynamic resource scheduling algorithm for microservice-based web systems." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (December 17, 2021): e824. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.824.
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Microservice-based Web Systems (MWS), which provide a fundamental infrastructure for constructing large-scale cloud-based Web applications, are designed as a set of independent, small and modular microservices implementing individual tasks and communicating with messages. This microservice-based architecture offers great application scalability, but meanwhile incurs complex and reactive autoscaling actions that are performed dynamically and periodically based on current workloads. However, this problem has thus far remained largely unexplored. In this paper, we formulate a problem of Dynamic Resource Scheduling for Microservice-based Web Systems (DRS-MWS) and propose a similarity-based heuristic scheduling algorithm that aims to quickly find viable scheduling schemes by utilizing solutions to similar problems. The performance superiority of the proposed scheduling solution in comparison with three state-of-the-art algorithms is illustrated by experimental results generated through a well-known microservice benchmark on disparate computing nodes in public clouds.
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Zolotariov, Denis. "MICROSERVICE ARCHITECTURE FOR BUILDING HIGH-AVAILABILITY DISTRIBUTED AUTOMATED COMPUTING SYSTEM IN A CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 3 (17) (October 20, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/itssi.2021.17.013.
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The article is devoted to the research and development of a highly available distributed automated computing system by iterative algorithms based on the microservice architecture in a cloud infrastructure. The subject of the research is the practical foundations of building high-availability automated computing systems based on microservice architecture in a cloud-based distributed infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to develop and to substantiate practical recommendations for the formation of the infrastructure of a high-availability automated computing system based on the microservice architecture, the choice of its constituent elements and their components. The task of the work: to identify the necessary structural elements of a microservice automated computing system and to analyze the constituent components and functional load for each of them, set specific tasks for building each of them and justify the choice of tools for their creation. In the course of the research, methods of system analysis were used to decompose a complex system into elements and each element into functional components, and tools: information technologies Apache Kafka, Kafkacat, Wolfram Mathematica, nginx, Lumen, Telegram, Dropbox, and MySQL. As a result of the study, it was found that the system infrastructure should consist of: fault-tolerant interservice transport, a high-availability computing microservice, and communication microservices with end customers, which save or process the results. For each of them, recommendations are provided regarding the formation and selection of implementation tools. According to the recommendations, one variant of implementation of such system has been developed, the principles of its operation are shown and the results are presented. It has been proven that when using a Kafka queue it is efficient to publish batches of results rather than one at a time, which results to significant overhead on queue servers and data latency for its clients. Recommendations are given on the implementation of the CI/CD system to build a continuous cycle of adding and improving microservices. Conclusions. Practical foundations have been developed for the implementation of high availability distributed automated computing systems based on microservice architecture in a cloud infrastructure. The flexibility in processing the results of such a system is shown due to the possibility of adding microservices and using third-party analytical applications that support connection to the Kafka queue. The economic benefit of using the described system is shown. Future ways of its improvement are given.
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Shabani, Isak, Tonit Biba, and Betim Çiço. "Design of a Cattle-Health-Monitoring System Using Microservices and IoT Devices." Computers 11, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers11050079.
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This article proposes a new concept of microservice-based architecture for the future of distributed systems. This architecture is a bridge between Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and applications that are used to monitor cattle health in real time for the physical and health parameters of cattle, where microservice architecture is introduced that enables this form of monitoring. Within this architecture, machine-learning algorithms were used to predict cattle health and inform farmers about the health of each cattle in real time. Within this architecture, six microservices were proposed that had the tasks of receiving, processing, and sending data upon request. In addition, within the six microservices, a microservice was developed for the prediction of cattle health using algorithms from machine learning using the LightGBM algorithm. Through this algorithm, it is possible to determine the percentage value of the health of each head of cattle in the moment, based on the parameters that are sent from the mobile node. If health problems are identified in the cattle, the architecture notifies the farmer in real time about the problems that the cattle have. Based on the proposed solution, farmers will have 24 h online access to monitor the following parameters for each head of cattle: body temperature, heart rate, humidity, and position.
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Havano, Bohdan, and Mykola Morozov. "Assessing the Human Condition in Medical Cyber-Physical System Based on Microservices Architecture." Advances in Cyber-Physical Systems 6, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/acps2021.02.112.
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The goal of the work is to propose architectural and information model for assessing the human condition on the basis of microservice architecture in medical cyber-physical system, which, in contrast to the known models for assessing the human condition, can simultaneously provide scaling, fault tolerance and increase the speed of human condition assessment. The theoretical substantiation and the new decision of an actual scientific problem of development and research means of an estimation of a human condition in medical cyber-physical system have been considered. These means involve the parallel processing of data on vital signs of the human condition, organizing the means of information processing into separate independent logical elements — microservices, in comparison with other existing medical cyber-physical systems. An architectural model based on microservice architecture has been proposed.
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Dontsov, Alexander A., and Igor A. Sutorikhin. "DEVELOPMENT OF A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON MICROSERVICE ARCHITECTURE." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-4-1-41-44.
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The paper discusses the use of microservice architecture in the development of distributed geographic information systems (GIS) for collecting, processing and analyzing data. Microservice architecture is used to build applications in information systems related to solving business problems, and is not widespread in the development of geographic information systems in the scientific field. However, its application is now becoming increasingly important. Decomposition of the software implementation and GIS infrastructure associated with computations and data processing into components in the form of microservices has a number of advantages, such as: increased fault tolerance, increased flexibility, reduced maintenance effort, simplified scaling, and others. The first results of the application of the microservice approach in the development of a geoinformation system for the collection and processing of hydrological and hydrobiological data on the state of water bodies are shown. The architecture, main components, and features of building infrastructure are shown.
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Smaali, Sahar, Riadh Benbessem, and Hatem Mohamed Nazim Touati. "A Fault Tolerance and Recovery Formal Model for IoT Systems." International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.305840.
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In an increasingly connected world, the internet of Things (IoT), Cloud and Fog computing are a major asset allowing to overcome previously inconceivable limits in terms of innovation. However, Fault Tolerance remains a major challenge for assuring IoT systems dependability. In order to tackle this issue, we propose a generic microservice architecture called FaTMA (Fault Tolerance- Microservice Architecture for IoT) permitting detection of Things failures by providing continuous and real-time monitoring of their states. In addition, it offers mechanisms to strengthen the reliability of the designed systems. We adopt Bigraphical Reactive Systems (BRS) as formalism to define a formal model that describes architectural elements of different IoT system layers and their behavior. It provides a clear separation between the various microservices controlling this system type and their side effects. Indeed, the execution of the proposed model, through BigraphER tool, permits to simulate and analyze different failure scenarios as well as their restitution strategies.
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Avasalcai, Cosmin, Christos Tsigkanos, and Schahram Dustdar. "Adaptive Management of Volatile Edge Systems at Runtime With Satisfiability." ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3470658.
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Edge computing offers the possibility of deploying applications at the edge of the network. To take advantage of available devices’ distributed resources, applications often are structured as microservices, often having stringent requirements of low latency and high availability. However, a decentralized edge system that the application may be intended for is characterized by high volatility, due to devices making up the system being unreliable or leaving the network unexpectedly. This makes application deployment and assurance that it will continue to operate under volatility challenging. We propose an adaptive framework capable of deploying and efficiently maintaining a microservice-based application at runtime, by tackling two intertwined problems: (i) finding a microservice placement across device hosts and (ii) deriving invocation paths that serve it. Our objective is to maintain correct functionality by satisfying given requirements in terms of end-to-end latency and availability, in a volatile edge environment. We evaluate our solution quantitatively by considering performance and failure recovery.
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Asaithambi, Suriya Priya R., Ramanathan Venkatraman, and Sitalakshmi Venkatraman. "MOBDA: Microservice-Oriented Big Data Architecture for Smart City Transport Systems." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 4, no. 3 (July 9, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc4030017.
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Highly populated cities depend highly on intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) for reliable and efficient resource utilization and traffic management. Current transportation systems struggle to meet different stakeholder expectations while trying their best to optimize resources in providing various transport services. This paper proposes a Microservice-Oriented Big Data Architecture (MOBDA) incorporating data processing techniques, such as predictive modelling for achieving smart transportation and analytics microservices required towards smart cities of the future. We postulate key transportation metrics applied on various sources of transportation data to serve this objective. A novel hybrid architecture is proposed to combine stream processing and batch processing of big data for a smart computation of microservice-oriented transportation metrics that can serve the different needs of stakeholders. Development of such an architecture for smart transportation and analytics will improve the predictability of transport supply for transport providers and transport authority as well as enhance consumer satisfaction during peak periods.
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Gan, Yu, Mingyu Liang, Sundar Dev, David Lo, and Christina Delimitrou. "Enabling Practical Cloud Performance Debugging with Unsupervised Learning." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 56, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3544497.3544503.
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Abstract-Cloud applications are increasingly shifting from large monolithic services to complex graphs of loosely-coupled microservices. Despite their benefits, microservices are prone to cascading performance issues, and can lead to prolonged periods of degraded performance. We present Sage, a machine learning-driven root cause analysis system for interactive cloud microservices that is both accurate and practical. We show that Sage correctly identifies the root causes of performance issues across a diverse set of microservices and takes action to address them, leading to more predictable, performant, and efficient cloud systems.
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Gebert, M., T. Berroth, and J. E. Navarro-Barrientos. "ON RAIN INFORMATION AS MAP FEATURES FOR CAR NAVIGATION SYSTEMS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences VIII-4/W1-2021 (September 3, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-viii-4-w1-2021-49-2021.
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Abstract. In this paper we present a design concept, architecture and implementation of a microservice to process and integrate rain information into a car navigation system in the form of rain map features. Two different input data sources are considered: QuadTile JSON format and GeoTIFF images. Our system converts this input data into an ouput GeoJSON format with only the most relevant information for the map overlay system in the navigation system of the car. We discuss different options for the cloud appearance, like color, shape and transparency. We present our microservices architecture together with data pipelines and implementation. Our approach allows for low latency and spare computing resources, which are especially needed in embedded systems. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our approach as well as further work.
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Elkholy, Mohamed, and Marwa A. Marzok. "Trusted Microservices: A Security Framework for Users' Interaction with Microservices Applications." Journal of Information Security and Cybercrimes Research 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/qopm9166.
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Microservices architecture emerges as a promising software design approach that provides large scale software systems with flexibility, scalability and fault tolerance. Moreover, it is considered a suitable design to be implemented using software containers provided with several cloud providers. However, microservices suffer from several security challenges that hinder its progress. The concept of microservices is to break down the system functionality to a number of small coherent services. Hence, using microservices as a design approach increases the security risks by expanding the risk surface. In contrast to microservices, monolithic applications are implemented as a bulk of codes using single programming language. Such environment has several drawbacks related to flexibility and maintainability, but limits security issues. On the other hand, microservices implementation uses several programming languages and frameworks to implement small units of system functionality. Such environment opens the door to new critical security issues. The proposed work introduces the problem of securing microservices and provides a novel approach to protect microservices applications from masquerade attacks. The proposed framework also provides high protection to users from malicious services. The framework was implemented using 150 software containers to define users' HTTP requests and a set of 20 microservices were tested to proof its applicability and benefits
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Yamashkin, Anatoliy A., and Stanislav A. Yamashkin. "Geoportals as a tool for access to cloud storage of metageosystems data." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Earth Sciences 22, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7663-2022-22-4-251-261.
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The article is devoted to solving the scientific problem of spatial data storage management using geoportal systems on the basis of solving the scientific problem of analyzing the patterns of spatiotemporal organization of complex dynamic hierarchically organized metageosystems. The paper proves that the problem of integrating large arrays of spatial information in spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) can be solved by designing multi-model storages operating on the basis of database management systems of different classes. To improve the reliability of spatial data integration systems, it is advisable to focus on a microservice architecture that involves organizing the interaction of separate services, each of which performs its own specific task. The following microservices usage contexts can be distinguished in the IPD: geoportals, spatial data analysis, processing and management systems, as well as distributed cloud storages.
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Obukhov, Artem, Andrey Volkov, and Alexandra Nazarova. "Microservice Architecture of Virtual Training Complexes." Informatics and Automation 21, no. 6 (November 24, 2022): 1265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/ia.21.6.7.
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The task of automating and reducing the complexity of the process of developing virtual training complexes is considered. The analysis of the subject area showed the need to move from a monolithic to a service-oriented version of the architecture. It is found that the use of a monolithic architecture in the implementation of virtual training complexes limits the possibility of modernizing the system, increases its software complexity, and makes it difficult to implement an interface for managing and monitoring the training process. The general concept of the microservice architecture of virtual training complexes is presented, and definitions of the main and secondary components are given. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the transition from the classical monolithic architecture in the subject area of the HTC to the microservice architecture; eliminating the shortcomings of this approach by implementing a single protocol for the exchange of information between modules; separation of network interaction procedures into software libraries to unify and improve the reliability of the system. The use of isolated, loosely coupled microservices allows developers to use the best technologies, platforms and frameworks for their implementation; separate the graphical interface of the simulator instructor from the visualization and virtual reality system; provide the ability to flexibly replace the main components (visualization, interface, interaction with virtual reality) without changing the architecture and affecting other modules. The decomposition of the structural model of the microservice architecture is carried out, and the specifics of the functioning of the main components are presented. The implementation of microservices networking libraries and a JSON-based data exchange protocol is considered. The practical significance of the proposed architecture lies in the possibility of parallelization and reducing the complexity of the development and modernization of training complexes. The features of the functioning of the systems implemented in the proposed microservice architecture are analyzed.
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Artamonov, Yevhen, Iurii Golovach, and Vitalii Zymovchenko. "Use analysis of microserves in e-learning system with multi-variant access to educational materials." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 2(60) (July 31, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.237760.
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The object of research is the electronic learning system. The subject of the research is the method of using microservices in the construction of online systems. One of the most problematic areas in the development of high-load online systems is the coordination of all microservices in a single system and the distribution of the load on hardware resources at critical indicators of system utilization. This leads to the complication of the process of development, implementation and operation of the training system, as well as high requirements for the personnel who will support the operation of the system. In the research, during the transition from the monolithic architecture of the e-learning system to the microservice architecture, the main indicators of the server hardware and the average response time to user requests were monitored. These indicators were fundamental when setting up the system as a whole and balancing the load during its operation. The proposed method for the implementation of the system can significantly reduce the hardware requirements and reduce the response time of the system under high load conditions (from 10,000 unique users per unit of time). Also, this method greatly simplifies the development and modification of online systems that use a large number of different user roles and differentiation of levels of access to the system. The obtained results of the approbation of the method allow to consider it an effective tool for the development of online learning systems with multivariate access to educational materials. Unlike existing monolithic architects, the proposed method allows to manage system resources and apply new settings without rebooting, which allows to ensure the continuity of system operation. As a justification for this method, options for the implementation of online training systems and load balancing settings are proposed. The management of load balancing in the microservice architecture of the implementation of online systems is based on the analysis of the load indicators of processor cores and the use of RAM by system services.
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Munonye, Kindson, and Péter Martinek. "Microservices Data Mining for Analytics Feedback and Optimization." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 17, no. 1 (January 2021): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2021010102.
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When microservices-based architectures are adopted for an enterprise application, a basic requirement would be an evaluation of the performance with the objective of continuous monitoring and improved efficiency. This evaluation helps businesses obtain a quantitative measure of the benefits of a shift from monolith to microservices. Additionally, the metrics obtained could be used as a mechanism for continuous improvement of production application. This research proposes a model based on the principles of data mining called stream analytics feedback and optimization (SAFAO), which can be used to achieve a continuous optimization of microservices. Stream analytics is due to the fact that the analysis is performed on online application with continuously generated lived data. This approach has been tested in a simulated production environment based on Docker containers. The authors were able to establish empirical measures which were continuously extracted via a data mining methodology and then fed back into the running application through configuration management. The results show a continuous improvement in the performance of the microservices as indicated in the results presented in this research.
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Zheng, Ling, and Bo Wei. "Application of microservice architecture in cloud environment project development." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 03023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818903023.
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With the development of the information age, business systems are becoming more and more complex. System development and maintenance are facing huge challenges. In response to this problem, aunified application development platform based on the microservice architecture is proposed.Compared with the traditional single-architecture architecture, the microservices architecture can split a large and complex application system into a series of service modules that can be independently developed, tested, deployed, operated, and upgraded. This enables the application expansion and application reduction for a large number of Internet companies. Developing complexity and implementing agile development provide more effective methods. This article through a detailed case analysis - the development of the cloud platform system, describes the specific application of the microservice architecture in the actual project development, and discusses the advantages of the traditional single architecture model for the service architecture to build the system. Through research and analysis, it is concluded that the microservice architecture has certain guiding significance for solving problems that may be encountered in enterprise-level applications.
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Tapia, Freddy, Miguel Ángel Mora, Walter Fuertes, Hernán Aules, Edwin Flores, and Theofilos Toulkeridis. "From Monolithic Systems to Microservices: A Comparative Study of Performance." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 5797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175797.
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Currently, organizations face the need to create scalable applications in an agile way that impacts new forms of production and business organization. The traditional monolithic architecture no longer meets the needs of scalability and rapid development. The efficiency and optimization of human and technological resources prevail; this is why companies must adopt new technologies and business strategies. However, the implementation of microservices still encounters several challenges, such as the consumption of time and computational resources, scalability, orchestration, organization problems, and several further technical complications. Although there are procedures that facilitate the migration from a monolithic architecture to micro-services, none of them accurately quantifies performance differences. The current study aims primarily to analyze some related work that evaluated both architectures. Furthermore, we assess the performance and relationship between different variables of an application that runs in a monolithic structure compared to one of the micro-services. With this, the state-of-the-art review was initially conducted, which confirms the interest of the industry. Subsequently, two different scenarios were evaluated: the first one comprises a web application based on a monolithic architecture that operates on a virtual server with KVM, and the second one demonstrates the same web application based on a microservice architecture, but it runs in containers. Both situations were exposed to stress tests of similar characteristics and with the same hardware resources. For their validation, we applied the non-parametric regression mathematical model to explain the dependency relationship between the performance variables. The results provided a quantitative technical interpretation with precision and reliability, which can be applied to similar issues.
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Auer, Florian, Valentina Lenarduzzi, Michael Felderer, and Davide Taibi. "From monolithic systems to Microservices: An assessment framework." Information and Software Technology 137 (September 2021): 106600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106600.
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Molchanov, Heorhii, and Anatolii Zhmaiev. "CIRCUIT BREAKER IN SYSTEMS BASED ON MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE." Advanced Information Systems 2, no. 4 (December 26, 2018): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2018.4.13.
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Rodríguez-Gracia, Diego, José A. Piedra-Fernández, Luis Iribarne, Javier Criado, Rosa Ayala, Joaquín Alonso-Montesinos, and Capobianco-Uriarte Maria de las Mercedes. "Microservices and Machine Learning Algorithms for Adaptive Green Buildings." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 9, 2019): 4320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164320.
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In recent years, the use of services for Open Systems development has consolidated and strengthened. Advances in the Service Science and Engineering (SSE) community, promoted by the reinforcement of Web Services and Semantic Web technologies and the presence of new Cloud computing techniques, such as the proliferation of microservices solutions, have allowed software architects to experiment and develop new ways of building open and adaptable computer systems at runtime. Home automation, intelligent buildings, robotics, graphical user interfaces are some of the social atmosphere environments suitable in which to apply certain innovative trends. This paper presents a schema for the adaptation of Dynamic Computer Systems (DCS) using interdisciplinary techniques on model-driven engineering, service engineering and soft computing. The proposal manages an orchestrated microservices schema for adapting component-based software architectural systems at runtime. This schema has been developed as a three-layer adaptive transformation process that is supported on a rule-based decision-making service implemented by means of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The experimental development was implemented in the Solar Energy Research Center (CIESOL) applying the proposed microservices schema for adapting home architectural atmosphere systems on Green Buildings.
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Yu, Songwei, Haili Chang, and Hanjun Wang. "Design of Cloud Computing and Microservice-Based Urban Rail Transit Integrated Supervisory Control System Plus." Urban Rail Transit 6, no. 4 (November 9, 2020): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40864-020-00138-z.
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AbstractIn traditional metro weak current systems, subsystems built by different manufacturers are physically separated, and devices are redundant while data are isolated. This causes low resource use, high maintenance cost, long customization cycles, and high interface complexity. In this paper, based on an analysis of the problems in traditional metro weak current systems, a novel cloud and microservice-based urban rail transit integrated supervisory control system (ISCS) named ISCS Plus is proposed. The integration mode of each subsystem is determined by analyzing safety requirements, real-time performance, and business characteristics. An infrastructure platform is designed to share resources and isolate applications based on cloud computing technology, while traditional subsystems are decomposed as microservices and merged into different applications. Finally, the entire architecture of ISCS Plus is established and its features are discussed. ISCS Plus plays a key role in the systematic, intelligent, and automatic solution for metro weak current systems and supports the development of the world's leading metro weak current systems.
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Ma'ruf, Dearisma Arfinda, Selo Sulistyo, and Lukito Edi Nugroho. "Applying Integrating Testing of Microservices in Airline Ticketing System." IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 4, no. 2 (September 16, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.55491.
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Microservices have been applied on several major systems including airlines. The characteristics of microservices which are independent and also interconnected need to be tested. The testing is done to preserve the system’s sequential stage processes, especially the online ticket reservation. Four features which are the search, booking, payment, and booking info feature are tested. This research performed three stages of testing on the microservices, those are unit testing, integrity testing, and end-to-end testing. Unit testing was conducted to test every function on every nodule, integrity testing was done to test interconnection between microservices, and end-to-end testing was to test the final results obtained after the unit test and integrity test were carried out. The three stages of testing must be done sequentially. The system on the airline provides the valid or correct response. Three stages of testing can be applied on other airlines by obtaining a legal API and can be accessed publicly.
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Bukowiec, Sebastian, and Pawel Tadeusz Gomulak. "Winventory: microservices architecture case study." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 05031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024505031.
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In the CERN laboratory, users have access to a large number of different licensed software assets. The landscape of such assets is very heterogeneous including Windows operating systems, office tools and specialized technical and engineering software. In order to improve management of the licensed software and to better understand the needs of the users, it was decided to develop a Winventory application. The Winventory is a tool that gathers and presents statistics of software assets on CERN Windows machines and facilitates interaction with their individual users. The system was built based on microservices architecture pattern, an increasingly popular approach to web application development. The microservices architecture pattern separates the application into multiple independently deployable units that can be individually developed, tested and deployed. This paper presents the microservices architecture and design choices made in order to achieve a modern, maintainable and extensible system for managing licensed software at CERN.
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Elyyani, Y. Andrian, A. Z. Utama, M. F. Eko Saputro, and S. K. Fatimah. "Design of decision support system service in the Space Science Center using microservices approach." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2214, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2214/1/012029.
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Abstract Development of the Decision Support Systems (DSS) has been written up in the Space Science Center’s roadmap for the next few years. The main programs have to be achieved such as related to the DSS are Space Weather, HF Radio Communication, Space Debris Monitoring, and Navigation activities. Of course, accessing those DSS services separately may become a problem for users who need information as fast as possible. We proposed an information system as a portal to integrate all DSS services collecting the latest information from each main program. We applied the microservice approach for design of this Information System prototype, which will it grows up as the modern application model that is capable to handle multiple features, high scalability but still lightweight. Microservices approach is a method that breaks an application into a single-function module for optimizing its performance. In addition, usage of web service technology and REST-ful API also can support system interoperability functions. In this design we conducted several stages, use case Diagrams, design of microservices database, and prototyping frontend pages in the results. This study purposes to provide an initial system design with a detailed explanation of specification requirements so that the design of the Decision Support System Service in the Space Science Center environment can be developed as expected.
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Yakovenko, Vadim, Yuliia Ulianovska, and Tetiana Yakovenko. "Analysing features of e-commerce systems architecture." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 4(63) (February 28, 2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2022.253932.
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The object of the research is the process of designing the architecture of high-load systems. The conducted research is based on the system approach to design the architecture of e-commerce systems, characterized by high workload due to the large number of users working simultaneously with the system, a large amount of data and a significant number of complex calculations. The main hypothesis of the research is that the efficiency of such systems depends on the efficiency of each individual step to scale up the system and the consistency of these steps. The maximum efficiency can be achieved only if the resource constraints and requirements, which are determined by the key stakeholders of the projects, consider the specifics of the business system. This paper examines the methodological support of the developing high-load systems architecture. Within this research let’s analyze such specific features of high-loaded systems as scalability, rigidity, and response time and demonstrate the importance of considering these features when designing the architecture of high-loaded systems. This paper analyzes approaches to developing high-load systems architecture, their advantages, and disadvantages. It is suggested to use hybrid scaling method, which is based on combining two approaches – microservices and monolithic. It is also suggested to use a microservices approach for high-loaded and requiring scaling parts and a monolithic approach for non-loaded parts of the system. The research indicates the parts of the system that are usually highly loaded in e-commerce systems and require a microservices approach to design their architecture. This paper analyzes approaches to database scaling and organization of data replication. The application of the proposed approach to design the architecture of high-load systems, including the e-commerce systems, allows designing a system that can be easily scaled when necessary. At the same time, the system can be improved and further developed.
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da Silva, Carlos Eduardo, Yan de Lima Justino, and Eiji Adachi. "SPReaD: service-oriented process for reengineering and DevOps." Service Oriented Computing and Applications 16, no. 1 (October 20, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11761-021-00329-x.
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AbstractThe reengineering of systems into a microservice-based architecture can be seen as an implementation of a service-oriented architecture (SOA). However, the deployment of SOA into an enterprise is a challenging task, as it may involve the modernization of mission-critical systems with high technical debt and high maintenance costs. To this end, a process is required to provide an appropriate set of steps and techniques that minimize risks and at the same time ensure the quality of the systems during the migration process. Thus, this work presents the Service-oriented Process for Reengineering and DevOps—SPReaD, an instantiation of the mainstream SOA methodology focusing on the reengineering of legacy systems integrating DevOps aspects for developing microservices systems. This process has been defined during a real software reengineering project of legacy systems from a Brazilian State Department of Taxation. The results obtained include a substantial improvement in the quality of the main taxation system used by the state, including not only code-related metrics but also performance improvements of the services offered, and a change in the methodology adopted by the software development team.
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Novrialdi, Adrika, Daya Adianto, Aulia Rosyida, Priambudi Lintang Bagaskara, and Ade Azurat. "Towards Erlang-based ABS Microservices Framework for Software Product Line Development." Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informasi 15, no. 2 (July 2, 2022): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21609/jiki.v15i2.1065.
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The current widely used software system can be categorised as a large or very large decentralised control system with various requirements and continuous interchangeable elements. This characteristic leads to a need to control the variability to manage such systems. Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) is one of the approaches that can manage the variability by developing sets of products. However, there is a need for support tools for development with software product line engineering. One language that supports the SPLE process is Abstract Behavioral Specification (ABS). Some SPLE research has used ABS to create frameworks that support the SPLE process. ABS Microservices is one research that utilises ABS to create a web framework that supports the SPLE process. This framework uses ABS to generate Java-based applications. The research interest in the web application is driven by the fact that it is one of the software types widely used by organisations and serves as the primary support of their business. Microservices are highly interoperable, thus enabling researchers to integrate different technology from other research. However, there is a need for renewal to the ABS Microservices framework. There is a need for more variants of SPLE-enabled frameworks that use more programming language as a specific programming language has its strength and weakness. Deprecation of the Java backend of the ABS opens a new exploration of another web framework that uses other ABS backend languages. We present the ABS microservices web framework based on Erlang OTP. We choose Erlang because it promises more efficient resource usage and the Erlang backend is one of the ABS backends with the most available features. This research aims to create an entry point for ABS Microservices to support more language. This research shows that the Erlang variant of ABS Microservices has less resource usage than the Java variant. Hence, this promises more options to develop product lines using ABS Microservices.
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Radostev, Dmitii, and Elena Nikitina. "Software code migration strategy from monolithic architecture to microservices." Вестник Пермского университета. Математика. Механика. Информатика, no. 2(53) (2021): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1993-0550-2021-2-65-68.
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The purpose of this work is to describe a strategy that can help enterprises transition from a monolithic application code architecture to a microservice architecture. Using this migration strategy, the new system will receive a number of pre-assets offered by the microservice architecture, such as scalability and repairability. Companies will be able to migrate their older systems to more flexible systems, while increasing the performance of their software.
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Baškarada, Saša, Vivian Nguyen, and Andy Koronios. "Architecting Microservices: Practical Opportunities and Challenges." Journal of Computer Information Systems 60, no. 5 (September 26, 2018): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2018.1520056.
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Taherizadeh, Salman, Dimitris Apostolou, Yiannis Verginadis, Marko Grobelnik, and Gregoris Mentzas. "A Semantic Model for Interchangeable Microservices in Cloud Continuum Computing." Information 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12010040.
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The rapid growth of new computing models that exploit the cloud continuum has a big impact on the adoption of microservices, especially in dynamic environments where the amount of workload varies over time or when Internet of Things (IoT) devices dynamically change their geographic location. In order to exploit the true potential of cloud continuum computing applications, it is essential to use a comprehensive set of various intricate technologies together. This complex blend of technologies currently raises data interoperability problems in such modern computing frameworks. Therefore, a semantic model is required to unambiguously specify notions of various concepts employed in cloud applications. The goal of the present paper is therefore twofold: (i) offering a new model, which allows an easier understanding of microservices within adaptive fog computing frameworks, and (ii) presenting the latest open standards and tools which are now widely used to implement each class defined in our proposed model.
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Baylov, Krasimir, and Aleksandar Dimov. "An Overview of Self-Adaptive Techniques for Microservice Architectures." Serdica Journal of Computing 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/sjc.2017.11.115-136.
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Contemporary software systems are continuously growing insize and a large number of users need to deal with new class of problems- complexity and evolution. To overcome this, new technologies andmethods in software engineering emerge. One of them is the architecturalstyle of microservices. It tends to provide solutions, however it introducesadditional complexity in terms of administration, detecting fault behaviorand applying fxes. Self-adaptive systems address the problems ofcomplexity and evolution by providing mechanisms that allow systems torespond to external environmental changes without human interaction.Currently, there is a lack of understanding on how microservices canutilize the notion of self-adaptiveness and in this paper we make anoverview of the current solutions in the feld.ACM Computing Classifiation Sstem (1998): C.2.4, D.2.11.*The research presented in this paper was partially supported by the DFNI I02-2/2014project, funded by the National Science Fund, Ministry of Education and Science in Bulgaria.
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Bixio, Luca, Giorgio Delzanno, Stefano Rebora, and Matteo Rulli. "A Flexible IoT Stream Processing Architecture Based on Microservices." Information 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11120565.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) has created new and challenging opportunities for data analytics. The IoT represents an infinitive source of massive and heterogeneous data, whose real-time processing is an increasingly important issue. IoT applications usually consist of multiple technological layers connecting ‘things’ to a remote cloud core. These layers are generally grouped into two macro levels: the edge level (consisting of the devices at the boundary of the network near the devices that produce the data) and the core level (consisting of the remote cloud components of the application). The aim of this work is to propose an adaptive microservices architecture for IoT platforms which provides real-time stream processing functionalities that can seamlessly both at the edge-level and cloud-level. More in detail, we introduce the notion of μ-service, a stream processing unit that can be indifferently allocated on the edge and core level, and a Reference Architecture that provides all necessary services (namely Proxy, Adapter and Data Processing μ-services) for dealing with real-time stream processing in a very flexible way. Furthermore, in order to abstract away from the underlying stream processing engine and IoT layers (edge/cloud), we propose: (1) a service definition language consisting of a configuration language based on JSON objects (interoperability), (2) a rule-based query language with basic filter operations that can be compiled to most of the existing stream processing engines (portability), and (3) a combinator language to build pipelines of filter definitions (compositionality). Although our proposal has been designed to extend the Senseioty platform, a proprietary IoT platform developed by FlairBit, it could be adapted to every platform based on similar technologies. As a proof of concept, we provide details of a preliminary prototype based on the Java OSGi framework.