Academic literature on the topic 'Microservices Systems'

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Journal articles on the topic "Microservices Systems"

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Hamza, Muhammad. "Transforming Monolithic Systems to a Microservices Architecture." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 48, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3573074.3573091.

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Context: microservices architecture enables organizations to develop an application as a suite of loosely coupled small and independent services that can be developed, tested, and deployed independently. Various organizations are re-architecting their existing monolithic systems with microservices architecture. However, re-architecting the entire system can bring some indefinite challenges. Objective: the goal of this research project is to investigate (i) the need for migration from monolithic to microservices architecture, (ii) architectural description for adopting microservices, (iii) refactoring tools and methods (iv) potential challenges while transforming to microservices, and (v) effective patterns and strategies to adopt microservice successfully. Methodology: the industrial empirical (interviews, case study, and questionnaire survey) approach will be used to meet the research objective. Possible outcomes: the expected outcomes would be (i) an evidence-based decision-making framework for transforming monolithic architecture (ii) strategies to refactor the monolithic architecture (iii) prioritization-based taxonomy of challenges while transforming to microservices. Finally, (iv) the development of a decision model for selecting patterns and strategies for successful implementation of the microservices system.
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Valdivi, José Ali, Alonso Lora-Gonzalez, Xavier Limón, Karen Cortes-Verdin, and Jorge Octavio Ocharán-Hernández. "Patterns Related to Microservice Architecture: a Multivocal Literature Review." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 33, no. 1 (2021): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2021-33(1)-6.

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A Microservice Architecture enables the development of distributed systems using a set of highly cohesive, independent, and collaborative services, ready for current cloud computing demands. Each microservice can be implemented in different technologies, sharing common communication channels, which results in heterogeneous distributed systems that exhibit high scalability, maintainability, performance, and interoperability. Currently, there are many options to build microservices; some of them led by patterns that establish common structures to solve recurrent problems. Nevertheless, as microservices are an emerging trend, the relationship between quality attributes, metrics, and patterns is not clearly defined, which is a concern from a software engineering point of view, since such understanding is fundamental to correctly design systems using this architecture. This paper aims to extend the knowledge on the design of microservices-based systems by presenting a multivocal systematic literature review for microservices related patterns, tying them together with quality attributes and metrics, as can be found in academic and industry research.
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Rusek, Marian, and Joanna Landmesser. "Time Complexity of an Distributed Algorithm for Load Balancing of Microservice-oriented Applications in the Cloud." ITM Web of Conferences 21 (2018): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182100018.

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Microservice architecture is a relatively new cloud application design pattern. Each microservice has a single responsibility in terms of functional requirement, and that can be managed independently from other microservices. This is done using automated cloud orchestration systems. In this paper we analyze the time complexity of an simple swarm-like decentralized load balancing algorithm for microservices running inside OpenVZ virtualization containers. We show that it can offer performance improvements with respect to the existing centralized container orchestration systems.
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Laigner, Rodrigo, Yongluan Zhou, Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles, Yijian Liu, and Marcos Kalinowski. "Data management in microservices." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, no. 13 (September 2021): 3348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3484224.3484232.

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Microservices have become a popular architectural style for data-driven applications, given their ability to functionally decompose an application into small and autonomous services to achieve scalability, strong isolation, and specialization of database systems to the workloads and data formats of each service. Despite the accelerating industrial adoption of this architectural style, an investigation of the state of the practice and challenges practitioners face regarding data management in microservices is lacking. To bridge this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review of representative articles reporting the adoption of microservices, we analyzed a set of popular open-source microservice applications, and we conducted an online survey to cross-validate the findings of the previous steps with the perceptions and experiences of over 120 experienced practitioners and researchers. Through this process, we were able to categorize the state of practice of data management in microservices and observe several foundational challenges that cannot be solved by software engineering practices alone, but rather require system-level support to alleviate the burden imposed on practitioners. We discuss the shortcomings of state-of-the-art database systems regarding microservices and we conclude by devising a set of features for microservice-oriented database systems.
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Vera-Rivera, Fredy H., Carlos Gaona, and Hernán Astudillo. "Defining and measuring microservice granularity—a literature overview." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (September 8, 2021): e695. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.695.

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Background Microservices are an architectural approach of growing use, and the optimal granularity of a microservice directly affects the application’s quality attributes and usage of computational resources. Determining microservice granularity is an open research topic. Methodology We conducted a systematic literature review to analyze literature that addresses the definition of microservice granularity. We searched in IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library and Scopus. The research questions were: Which approaches have been proposed to define microservice granularity and determine the microservices’ size? Which metrics are used to evaluate microservice granularity? Which quality attributes are addressed when researching microservice granularity? Results We found 326 papers and selected 29 after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality attributes most often addressed are runtime properties (e.g., scalability and performance), not development properties (e.g., maintainability). Most proposed metrics were about the product, both static (coupling, cohesion, complexity, source code) and runtime (performance, and usage of computational resources), and a few were about the development team and process. The most used techniques for defining microservices granularity were machine learning (clustering), semantic similarity, genetic programming, and domain engineering. Most papers were concerned with migration from monoliths to microservices; and a few addressed green-field development, but none address improvement of granularity in existing microservice-based systems. Conclusions Methodologically speaking, microservice granularity research is at a Wild West stage: no standard definition, no clear development—operation trade-offs, and scarce conceptual reuse (e.g., few methods seem applicable or replicable in projects other than their initial proposal). These gaps in granularity research offer clear options to investigate on continuous improvement of the development and operation of microservice-based systems.
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Stojkov, Aleksandra, and Zeljko Stojanov. "Review of methods for migrating software systems to microservices architecture." Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness 11, no. 2 (2021): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jemc2102152s.

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Majority of software systems in business use, known as legacy systems, have monolithic structure hard to maintain and upgrade with new features. The most common option to overcome this situation is reengineering of existing software systems, which can be perform in different ways and with different outcomes. One of the recent most popular approaches is migration to microservices architectures, which makes distribution of software functionalities in small and independent units possible. Each unit, called microservice is self-contained and independent, which makes system manipulation and modification easier. Several methods for migration to microservice architecture have recently been proposed. This article presents a review of methods for migrating existing systems towards microservices. In addition, this article presents software artifacts affected by migration methods and used algorithms. Implications and benefits of the presented study, as well as validity issues are discussed, followed with concluding remarks and future research directions.
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Yu, Hang, Xiulei Wang, Changyou Xing, and Bo Xu. "A Microservice Resilience Deployment Mechanism Based on Diversity." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (June 1, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7146716.

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The microservice architecture has many advantages, such as technology heterogeneity, isolation, scalability, simple deployment, and convenient optimization. These advantages are important as we can use diversity and redundancy to improve the resilience of software system. It is necessary to study the method of improving the resilience of software system by diversity implementation and redundant deployment of software core components based on microservice framework. How to optimize the diversity deployment of microservices is a key problem to maximize system resilience and make full use of resources. To solve this problem, an efficient microservice diversity deployment mechanism is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we creatively defined a load balancing indicator and a diversity indicator. Based on this, a diversified microservices deployment model is established to maximize the resilience and the resource utilization of the system. Secondly, combined with load balancing, a microservice deployment algorithm based on load balance and diversity is proposed, which reduces the service’s dependence on the underlying mirror by enriching diversity and avoids the overreliance of microservices on a single node through decentralized deployment, while taking into account load balancing. Finally, we conduct experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms.
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Salvadori, Ivan Luiz, Alexis Huf, Bruno C. N. Oliveira, Ronaldo dos Santos Mello, and Frank Siqueira. "Improving entity linking with ontology alignment for semantic microservices composition." International Journal of Web Information Systems 13, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 302–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-04-2017-0029.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a method based on Linked Data and Semantic Web principles for composing microservices through data integration. Two frameworks that provide support for the proposed composition method are also described in this paper: Linkedator, which is responsible for connecting entities managed by microservices, and Alignator, which aligns semantic concepts defined by heterogeneous ontologies. Design/methodology/approach The proposed method is based on entity linking principles and uses individual matching techniques considering a formal notion of identity. This method imposes two major constraints that must be taken into account by its implementation: architectural constraints and resource design constraints. Findings Experiments were performed in a real-world scenario, using public government data. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed method and that, it leverages the independence of development and composability of microservices. Thereby, the data provided by microservices that adopt heterogeneous ontologies can now be linked together. Research limitations/implications This work only considers microservices designed as data providers. Microservices designed to execute functionalities in a given application domain are out of the scope of this work. Originality/value The proposed composition method exploits the potential data intersection observed in resource-oriented microservice descriptions, providing a navigable view of data provided by a set of interrelated microservices. Furthermore, this study explores the applicability of ontology alignments for composing microservices.
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Doljenko, Alexey, Irina Shpolianskaya, and Sergey Glushenko. "Fuzzy production network model for quality assessment of an information system based on microservices." Business Informatics 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2587-814x.2020.4.36.46.

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This article describes the analysis of the quality of microservice architectures, which are one of the main approaches to the creation and maintenance of modern information systems capable of quickly respond to changes in business demands. The implementation of continuous delivery of software components for dynamic business processes of information systems can be carried out by various sets of microservices, the optimal choice of which is a complex multi-alternative task. The paper presents a review of existing approaches to solving the problem, which showed that the development of models for assessing the quality of microservices of information systems requires further elaboration in terms of accounting for uncertainty in the initial data and modes of operation. The authors have proposed an approach to solving the problem of analyzing the quality of a microservice architecture which is implemented on the basis of a fuzzy production network model. The model allows for comprehensive accounting of various parameters (qualitative and quantitative). The article shows the implementation process of the fuzzy production network that was developed to analyze the functional quality of the microservice architecture for processing customer orders using fuzzy modeling software. The results of the analysis will allow managers and system architects to make an informed choice of the microservice architecture of the information system, as well as use it in their reports when arguing the need for scaling the system and increasing the availability of microservices.
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Zhou, Xueyun, Xinling Wu, and Yihong Chen. "High-Concurrency and High-Performance Application of Microservice Order System Based on Big Data." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (June 28, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3424283.

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The order system plays the role of the central nervous system in the integrated logistics operation. Theoretically speaking, the whole operation process of logistics service is to complete the order, the order information runs through all the links of the whole logistics, and the order processing efficiency affects the logistics process. This paper studies the high-concurrency and high-performance applications of the microservice order system based on big data, which prove that on the basis of big data technology, the performance of the microservice order system will be greatly improved. To this end, the analysis provides an overview of big data technologies and related content of microservices. It describes their application scenarios and then combines the development of the order system with a comprehensive analysis to prove its feasibility. At the same time, we compared multiple algorithms applied in microservices and found the most suitable algorithm for the order system and applied it, so that the order system can achieve high concurrency and high performance. The big data-based microservices control system proved to be useful for reasonable resource planning and for improving system performance in experiments. The final experiment found that in the microservice order system using big data, its transaction average response time was 0.01 s, and the success rate was 100%.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microservices Systems"

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Romin, Philip. "Unraveling Microservices : A study on microservices and its complexity." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290292.

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Microservices is one of the most commonly used buzzword of the systems architecture industry and is being adopted by several of the world’s largest technology companies such as Netflix, Uber and Amazon. The architecture which embraces splitting up your system in smaller independent units is an extension of the service-oriented architecture and an opponent of the monolithic architecture. Being a top buzzword and promises of extreme scalability has spiked the interest for microservices, but unlike the relatively simple monolithic architecture the complexity of microservices creates a new set of obstacles. This work sheds a light on these issues and implements solutions for some of the most frequent problems using a case study. The study shows that while microservices can help reduce the inner complexity of a system, it greatly increases the outer complexity and creates the need for a variety of tools aimed at distributed systems. It also concludes that communication and data storage are two of the most frequently occurring issues when developing microservices with the most difficult one being how you reason with and structure your data, especially for efficient queries across microservices.
Microservices eller så kallade mikrotjänster är ett ofta förekommande buzzword inom systemarkitektur och nyttjas av flera teknikjättar som exempelvis Netflix, Uber och Amazon. Arkitekturen som bygger på att dela upp sina system i mindre oberoende delar är en utbyggnad av den tjänstorienterade arkitekturen och numera motståndare till den klassiska monolitiska arkitekturen. En plats högt upp på trendlistan och lovord om extrem skalbarhet har gjort att intresset för mikrotjänster är enormt, men till skillnad från den relativt simpla monolitiska arkitekturen skapar komplexiteten hos mikrostjänster en rad nya hinder. Det här arbetet belyser dessa hinder och implementerar även lösningar för de vanligaste förekommande problemen med hjälp av en fallstudie. Resultatet visar att även fast en mikrotjänstarkitektur kan minska systemets interna komplexitet så leder det till en markant ökning av systemets yttre komplexitet och det skapas ytterligare behov av en mängd olika verktyg och tjänster designade för distribuerade system. Studien visar också att de två mest förekommande problemen vid utveckling av en mikrotjänstarkitektur är kommunikation och datalagring där hantering och struktur av data är den mest komplicerade och kräver mycket kunskap, speciellt för att skapa effektiva datasökningar som sträcker sig över flera mikrotjänster.
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De, Alwis Adambarage. "Microservice-based reengineering of enterprise systems for cloud migration." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211471/1/Adambarage_De%20Alwis_Thesis.pdf.

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Enterprise systems, such as enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management are widely used in corporate sectors and are notoriously large and monolithic. They are challenging to decouple because they manage asynchronous, user-driven business processes and business objects (BOs) having complex structural relationships. This thesis presents the remodularization technique combined with novel microservice patterns which utilizes both semantic properties of enterprise systems, i.e., BO structure, together with syntactic features of their code, i.e., methods and interactions, for identifying suitable parts of enterprise systems which can be run as fine-grained microservices in highly scalable Cloud systems while achieving high performance characteristics.
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Ericson, Amanda. "Mitigating garbage collection in Java microservices : How garbage collection affects Java microservices andhow it can be handled." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42299.

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Java is one of the more recent programming languages that in runtime free applications from manual memory management by using automatic Garbage collector (GC) threads. Although, at the cost of stop-the-world pauses that pauses the whole application. Since the initial GC algorithms new collectors has been developed to improve the performance of Java applications. Still, memory related errors occurs and developers struggle to pick the correct GC for each specific case. Since the concept of microservices were established the benefits of using it over a monolith system has been brought to attention but there are still problems to solve, some associated to garbage collectors. In this study the performance of garbage collectors are evaluated and compared in a microservice environment. The measurements were conducted in a Java SpringBoot application using Docker and a docker compose file to simulate a microservice environment. The application outputted log files that were parsed into reports which were used as a basis for the analysis. The tests were conducted both with and without a database connection. Final evaluations show that one GC does not fit all application environments. ZGC and Shenandoah GC was proven to perform very good regarding lowering latency, although not being able to handle the a microservice environment as good as CMS. ZGC were not able to handle the database connection tests at all while CMS performed unexpectedly well. Finally, the study enlightens the importance of balancing between memory and hardware usage when choosing what GC to use for each specific case.
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Shafabakhsh, Benyamin. "Research on Interprocess Communication in Microservices Architecture." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277940.

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With the substantial growth of cloud computing over the past decade, microservices has gained significant popularity in the industry as a new architectural pattern. It promises a cloud-native architecture that breaks large applications into a collection of small, independent, and distributed packages. Since microservices-based applications are distributed, one of the key challenges when designing an application is the choice of mechanism by which services communicate with each other. There are several approaches for implementing Interprocess communication (IPC) in microservices, and each comes with different advantages and trade-offs. While theoretical and informal comparison exists between them, this thesis has taken an experimental approach to compare and contrast common forms of IPC communications. In this the- sis, IPC methods have been categorized into Synchronous and Asynchronous categories. The Synchronous type consists of REST API and Google gRPC, while the Asynchronous type is using a message broker known as RabbitMQ. Further, a collection of microservices for an e-commerce scenario has been designed and developed using all the three IPC methods. A load test has been executed against each model to obtain quantitative data related to Performance Efficiency, and Availability of every method. Developing the same set of functionalities using different IPC methods has offered a qualitative data related to Scalability, and Complexity of each IPC model. The evaluation of the experiment indicates that, although there is no universal IPC solution that can be applied in all cases, Asynchronous IPC patterns shall be the preferred option when designing the system. Nevertheless, the findings of this work also suggest there exist scenarios where Synchronous patterns can be more suitable.
Med den kraftiga tillväxten av molntjänster under det senaste decenniet har mikrotjänster fått en betydande popularitet i branschen som ett nytt arkitektoniskt mönster. Det erbjuder en moln-baserad arkitektur som delar stora applikationer i en samling små, oberoende och distribuerade paket. Eftersom microservicebaserade applikationer distribueras och körs på olika maskiner, är en av de viktigaste utmaningarna när man utformar en applikation valet av mekanism med vilken tjänster kommunicerar med varandra. Det finns flera metoder för att implementera Interprocess-kommunikation (IPC) i mikrotjänster och var och en har olika fördelar och nackdelar. Medan det finns teoretisk och in- formell jämförelse mellan dem, har denna avhandling tagit ett experimentellt synsätt för att jämföra och kontrastera vanliga former av IPC-kommunikation. I denna avhandling har IPC-metoder kategoriserats i synkrona och asynkrona kategorier. Den synkrona typen består av REST API och Google gRPC, medan asynkron typ använder en meddelandemäklare känd som RabbitMQ. Dessutom har en samling mikroservice för ett e-handelsscenario utformats och utvecklats med alla de tre olika IPC-metoderna. Ett lasttest har utförts mot var- je modell för att erhålla kvantitativa data relaterade till prestandaeffektivitet, och tillgänglighet för varje metod. Att utveckla samma uppsättning funktionaliteter med olika IPC-metoder har erbjudit en kvalitativ data relaterad till skalbarhet och komplexitet för varje IPC-modell. Utvärderingen av experimentet indikerar att även om det inte finns någon universell IPC-lösning som kan tillämpas i alla fall, ska asynkrona IPC-mönster vara det föredragna alternativet vid utformningen av systemet. Ändå tyder resultaten från detta arbete också på att det finns scenarier där synkrona mönster är mer lämpliga.
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Friðriksson, Vilhelm. "Container overhead in microservice systems." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235693.

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Containers have been gaining popularity in recent years due to their ability to provide higher flexibility, higher reliability and dynamic scalability to enterprise software systems. In order to fully utilize containers, software developers aim to build their software using microservice architecture, meaning that instead of working on a single large codebase for the whole project, the software is split into smaller units. These microservices can be deployed in their own container instead of the traditional virtual machine setup where a server has to configured with all necessary dependencies. Moving away from the monolithic software architecture to containerized microservices is bound to bring performance penalties due to increased network calls between services and container overhead. The integration must therefor be carefully planned in order to fully utilize the container setup while minimizing the overhead. The purpose of this thesis project was to measure how much overhead can be expected due to containers in an enterprise environment. By using a combination of virtual machines and Docker containers, a microservice system was deployed with four different deployment strategies and the system’s performance was measured by analyzing request response times under various loads. The services were made to run on a single server and on multiple servers, with and without Docker. The performance measurements showed that the system performed worse in every case when Docker was used. Furthermore, the results showed that Docker can have significant negative impact on performance when there is a heavy load on the system.
Containers har blivit populärare under de senaste åren tack vare deras förmåga att ge högre flexibilitet, högre tillförlitlighet och dynamisk skalbarhet för företagsprogramvarusystem.  För att fullt ut kunna använda containers har programutvecklarna för avsikt att bygga sin programvara med hjälp av mikroservicearkitekturen, vilket innebär att programvaran delas upp i mindre enheter istället för att arbeta på en enda stor kodbas för hela projektet. Dessa mikroservices kan distribueras i sina egna containers istället för den traditionella virtuella maskininstallationen, där en server måste konfigureras med alla nödvändiga beroenden.  Att flytta sig från monolitisk mjukvaruarkitektur till containeriserade microservices kommer att få prestandaförsämringar på grund av ökade nätverksanrop mellan tjänster och container-overhead. Integrationen måste därför noggrant planeras för att fullt ut utnyttja containeruppsättningen och minimera overhead. Syftet med detta avhandlingsprojekt var att mäta hur mycket overhead kan förväntas på grund av containers i en företagsmiljö. Genom att använda en kombination av virtuella maskiner och Dockercontainers, implementerades ett microservices-system med fyra olika implementeringsstrategier och systemets prestanda mättes genom att analysera anropens svarstid under olika belastningar. Tjänsterna gjordes för att köras på en enda server och på flera servrar, med och utan Docker.  Prestandamätningarna visade att systemet var sämre i alla fall när Docker användes. Dessutom, visade resultaten att Docker kan ha signifikant negativ inverkan på prestanda när det är tung belastning på systemet.
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Sörensen, Ejnar. "Language Diversity in Microservices: a Case Study at Skatteverket." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445538.

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Microservices is a new and trendy architecture in software development and amongst its features isthe ability to open up for teams to more freely choose the tech stack and programming language thatbest fits their needs. This feature, termed language diversity for the purposes of this study, is describedin literature as a key to optimization and flexibility but is also ripe with concerns of complexity. Inthis study the author seeks to explore what language diversity could mean for the Swedish IT giantSkatteverket, the Swedish Tax Agency, from an organizational standpoint and to understand how itcan align with Skatteverket’s goals. To do so the author has performed a case study consisting of aquestionnaire sent out to tech workers in four different sections, and interviews with two keyindividuals in the organization. The results show that a significant number of respondents(p-value=0.003), consider that language diversity would improve Skatteverket’s attractiveness as anIT employer, the effects of which could be a competitive edge on the job market. It was also shownthat most (p-value<0.001) believed it would lead to at least some problems for the organization.Amongst the respondents, more experienced tech workers showed a tendency (p-value=0.06) tobelieve it would have less of a positive impact on Skatteverket’s image and were more likely tobelieve that the problems it would lead to would be greater. Overall, the study showed that languagediversity could offer other rewards than those proclaimed in literature, and that the modernizationfactor of it could play a big role for Skatteverket.
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Flygare, Robin, and Anthon Holmqvist. "Performance characteristics between monolithic and microservice-based systems." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14888.

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A new promising technology to face the problem of scalability and availability is the microservice architecture. The problem with this architecture is that there is no significant study that clearly proves the performance differences compared to the monolithic architecture. Our thesis aims to provide a more conclusive answer of how the microservice architecture differs performance wise compared to the monolithic architecture. In this study, we conducted several experiments on a self-developed microservice and monolithic system. We used JMeter to simulate users and after running the tests we looked at the latency, successful throughput for the tests and measured the RAM and CPU usage with Datadog. Results that were found, were that the microservice architecture can be more beneficial than the monolithic architecture. Docker was also proven to not have any negative impact on performance and computer cluster can improve performance.  We have presented a conclusive answer that microservices can be better in some cases than a monolithic architecture.
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Dattatreya, Nadig Nikhil. "Testing Resilience of Envoy Service Proxy with Microservices." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264111.

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Large scale internet services are increasingly implemented as distributed systems to achieve availability, fault tolerance and scalability. To achieve fault tolerance, microservices need to employ different resilience mechanisms such as automatic retries, rate limiting, circuit breaking amongst others to make the services handle failures gracefully and cause minimum damage to the performance of the overall system. These features are provided by service proxies such as Envoy which is deployed as a sidecar (sidecar proxy is an application design pattern which abstracts certain features, such as inter-service communications, monitoring and security, away from the main architecture to ease the tracking and maintenance of the application as a whole), the service proxies are very new developments and are constantly evolving. Evaluating their presence in a system to see if they add latency to the system and understand the advantages provided is crucial in determining their fit in a large scale system.Using an experimental approach, the services are load tested with and without the sidecar proxies in different configurations to determine if the usage of Envoy added latency and if its advantages overshadow its disadvantages. The Envoy sidecar proxy adds latency to the system; however, the benefits it brings in terms of resilience, make the services perform better when there is a high number of failures in the system.
Storskaliga internettjänster implementeras alltmer som distribuerade system för att uppnå tillgänglighet, feltolerans och skalbarhet. För att uppnå feltolerans måste microservices använda olika typer av resiliens mekanismer som automatisk återförsök, hastighetsbegränsning, kretsbrytning bland annat som tillåter tjänsterna att hantera misslyckanden graciöst och orsaka minimala skador på prestandan hos det övergripande systemet. Dessa funktioner tillhandahålls av service proxies som Envoy. Dessa proxies används som sidovagn (sidvagnproxy är ett applikationsdesignmönster som abstraherar vissa funktioner, såsom kommunikation mellan kommunikationstjänster, övervakning och säkerhet, bort från huvudarkitekturen för att underlätta spårningen och underhåll av ansökan som helhet). Dessa tjänster är väldigt nya och utvecklas ständigt. Att utvärdera deras närvaro i ett system för att se om de lägger till latens för systemet och förstå fördelarna som tillhandahålls är avgörande för att bestämma hur väl de skulle passa i ett storskaligt system. Med hjälp av ett experimentellt tillvägagångssätt testas tjänsterna med och utan sidospårproxys i olika konfigurationer för att avgöra om användningen av Envoy lägger till latens och om dess fördelar överskuggar dess nackdelar. Envoy sidecar proxy ökar latensen i systemet; De fördelar som det ger med avseende på resiliens gör tjänsterna bättre när det finns ett stort antal misslyckanden i systemet.
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Holmström, Jesper. "Distributed Queries: An Evaluation of the Microservice Architecture." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166314.

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The microservice architecture is a new architectural style that structures an application into a set of small, independently deployable microservices, as opposed to the traditional monolith approach with a single executable. The microservice architecture is a distributed system that results in new challenges and increased complexity. This study expands the previous related research and investigates the implications of using the one-database-per-service pattern and a solution to the introduced need of queries spanning multiple microservices. In this thesis, two applications are presented, one with the microservice architecture and one monolithic counterpart, which are compared in terms of response time and throughput. As a solution for the distributed queries, the API Composition pattern was chosen. The results of the experiments conclude in a greater understanding of the difficulty in distributed queries as well as the benefits and limitations of the API composition pattern. It shows that the API composition pattern is a valid solution for distributed queries. However, it does perform worse in terms of response time and throughput than the monolith prototype. This results in the insights that one must carefully choose, with respect to the requirements of the system, when to apply it.
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Bosom, Jérémie. "Conception de microservices intelligents pour la supervision de systèmes sociotechniques : application aux systèmes énergétiques." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP051.

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De nombreuses institutions et entreprises ont pour ambition de gérer de manière précise la performance énergétique de leur parc immobilier, notamment en s’appuyant sur l’Internet des objets qui permet le déploiement à grande échelle de capteurs. La supervision de ces parcs peut se faire à l’aide de l’informatique distribuée en exploitant de grands volumes de données et l’apprentissage automatique. Le concept de tiers de confiance pour la mesure et la performance énergétique (TCMPE) s’impose avec les technologies du Cloud pour gérer ces écosystèmes énergétiques. La question traitée dans cette thèse est la conception d’un système de supervision distribué et extensible, allant de la collecte des données à la fourniture de tableaux de bord, permettant un pilotage des infrastructures des bâtiments d’une institution. La réalisation de cet objectif fait face à plusieurs difficultés majeures : les différentes échelles d’espace et de temps, l’hétérogénéité des composants du système, les défis inhérents à l’informatique distribuée et à la modélisation énergétique de bâtiments. L’informatique distribuée soulève des problématiques relatives à l’orchestration et à la chorégraphie de microservices, notamment celle de la mise à l’échelle. Dans ce contexte, construire la généricité de la solution apportée par rapport aux détails techniques nécessite un formalisme abstrait. À cette fin, la présentation de l’architecture du système de supervision fait usage de l’algèbre de processus Orc qui est adaptée pour la chorégraphie de processus concurrents et distribués sujets aux délais et aux pannes. La deuxième contribution est un modèle hiérarchique intitulé Multi-Institution Building Energy System (MIBES) conçu pour la modélisation du TCMPE. Ce modèle s’appuie sur différents sous-systèmes modélisés, essentiels pour l’aide à la décision : capteurs, sites, groupes de sites et organismes. Il prépare de façon rationnelle le développement d’algorithmes en fournissant de multiples vues aux différents niveaux de modélisation. Ces algorithmes sont organisés sous forme d’une bibliothèque extensible de microservices. L’adoption des méthodes de Développement et Opérations (DevOps) répond à l’organisation humaine en préconisant la collaboration humaine entre les départements de l’organisation en charge du projet et l’automatisation de ce dernier. En intégrant ces principes du DevOps, un prototype du système de supervision est développé afin de démontrer les différents avantages apportés par notre approche. Ces avantages s’expriment sous forme de facilités de mise à l’échelle, de reproductibilité et d’aide à la décision. Le prototype développé forme une base solide pour la supervision intelligente de bâtiments et peut être réutilisé pour d’autres applications telles que des Smart Grids
Many institutions and companies aim to manage precisely the energy performance of their building stocks, in particular by relying on the Internet of Things (IoT) which allows the large-scale deployment of sensors. The supervision of these building stocks can then be done using distributed computing and by exploiting the data collected using machine learning methods. The concept of Trusted Third Party for Energy Measurement and Performance (TTPEMP) is needed with Cloud technologies to manage these energy ecosystems. The question addressed in this thesis is the design of a distributed and scalable supervision system, ranging from data collection to dashboards provisioning, allowing management of the buildings’ infrastructures of several institutions. The resolution of this goal faces several major difficulties: the different scales of space and time, the system’s components heterogeneity, the inherent challenges of distributed computing and building energy modeling. Distributed computing raises issues related to microservices orchestration and choreography, in particular those of scalability. In this context, highlighting the genericity of the provided solution over the technical details requires an abstract formalism. To this end, the presentation of the supervision system architecture makes use of the Orc process algebra which is suitable for the choreography of concurrent and distributed processes that are subject to delays and failures. Our second contribution consists in providing a hierarchical model called Multi-Institution Building Energy System (MIBES) designed for the modeling of the TTPEMP. This model highlights different subsystems, that are essential for decision-making : sensors, sites, groups of sites (building stocks) and organizations. It rationally prepares the development of algorithms by providing multiple views at the different modeling levels. These algorithms are organized as an extensible library of microservices. The adoption of Development and Operations (DevOps) methods responds to human organization by advocating human collaboration between the departments of the organization in charge of the project and the automation of the latter. By integrating these DevOps principles, a prototype of the supervision system is developed in order to demonstrate the various advantages brought by our approach. These advantages are expressed in the form of scaling, reproducibility and decision-making facilities. The prototype thus produced forms a solid basis for buildings’ smart supervision and can be reused for other applications such as Smart Grids
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Books on the topic "Microservices Systems"

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Building Microservices: Designing Fine-Grained Systems. Sebastopol, USA: O'Reilly Media, 2015.

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Newman, Sam. Building Microservices. O'Reilly Media, Incorporated, 2015.

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Building Microservices: Designing Fine-Grained Systems. O'Reilly Media, Incorporated, 2020.

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Choudhury, Diptanu, and Cindy Sridharan. Scaling Microservices: Platform Engineering for Distributed Systems. O'Reilly Media, Incorporated, 2020.

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Christudas, Binildas. Practical Microservices Architectural Patterns: Event-Based Java Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud. Apress, 2019.

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Shkuro, Yuri. Mastering Distributed Tracing: Analyzing performance in microservices and complex systems. Packt Publishing, 2019.

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Auburn, Matthew, Daniel Bryant, and James Gough. Mastering API Architecture: Defining, Connecting, and Securing Distributed Systems and Microservices. O'Reilly Media, Incorporated, 2022.

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Spring 5.0 Microservices - Second Edition: Scalable systems with Reactive Streams and Spring Boot. Packt Publishing - ebooks Account, 2017.

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Minkowski, Piotr. Mastering Spring Cloud: Build self-healing, microservices-based, distributed systems using Spring Cloud. Packt Publishing, 2018.

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Practical Microservices: Take advantage of microservices capabilities to build a flexible and efficient system with Java. Packt Publishing, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microservices Systems"

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Montesi, Fabrizio, and Dan Sebastian Thrane. "Packaging Microservices." In Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems, 131–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59665-5_9.

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Mazzara, Manuel, Kevin Khanda, Ruslan Mustafin, Victor Rivera, Larisa Safina, and Alberto Sillitti. "Microservices Science and Engineering." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 11–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70578-1_2.

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Saidi, Malak, Anis Tissaoui, Djamal Benslimane, and Sami Faiz. "Automatic Microservices Identification Across Structural Dependency." In Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 386–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96305-7_36.

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O’Neill, Eoin, David Lillis, Gregory M. P. O’Hare, and Rem W. Collier. "Delivering Multi-agent MicroServices Using CArtAgO." In Engineering Multi-Agent Systems, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66534-0_1.

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Krivic, Petar, Pavle Skocir, Mario Kusek, and Gordan Jezic. "Microservices as Agents in IoT Systems." In Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: Technology and Applications, 22–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59394-4_3.

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Proaño, Julio, Andres Reinoso, and Jonnathan Juma. "Latent Semantic Index: A Microservices Architecture." In Smart Technologies, Systems and Applications, 142–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46785-2_12.

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Maamouri, Amine, Lilia Sfaxi, and Riadh Robbana. "Phi: A Generic Microservices-Based Big Data Architecture." In Information Systems, 3–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95947-0_1.

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Hamzehloui, Mohammad Sadegh, Shamsul Sahibuddin, and Khalil Salah. "A Systematic Mapping Study on Microservices." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1079–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99007-1_100.

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Tourgaidis, Dimitrios, and Alexandros Karakasidis. "Event-Centric Microservices for E-states." In Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, 78–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58957-8_6.

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Poniszewska-Marańda, Aneta, Peter Vesely, Oksana Urikova, and Iryna Ivanochko. "Building Microservices Architecture for Smart Banking." In Advances in Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems, 534–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29035-1_52.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microservices Systems"

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Bychkov, I. V., G. A. Oparin, V. G. Bogdanova, and A. A. Pashinin. "Intellectual technology for computation control in the package of applied microservices." In The International Workshop on Information, Computation, and Control Systems for Distributed Environments 2019. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47350/iccs-de.2019.02.

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The complexity of exhaustive problems with the properties of large-scale, openness, unpredictable dynamics, and component mobility determines the relevance of developing microservice-oriented software for their solving in a hybrid computational environment. We propose an approach for adapting to this environment both the existing software and new ones developed using new automated technology for creating an applied microservice package and organizing control of computations in it. The distributed computational model is represented by a set of small, loosely coupled, replaceable, interacting with the use of lightweight communication mechanisms autonomous microservices that implement the functions of the program package modules. The decentralized management of the microservices interaction is carried out by a self-organizing multi-agent system, agents of which are delegated the rights to launch microservices. The paper discusses the models, methods, and software platform that form the basis of the proposed technology. We demonstrate the application of the applied microservice package, based on this technology, for solving the problems of qualitative analysis of binary dynamic system using the author's Boolean constraints method.
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Oparin, G. A., V. G. Bogdanova, and A. A. Pashinin. "Automation of distributed data management in applied microservices package for scientific computations." In The International Workshop on Information, Computation, and Control Systems for Distributed Environments. Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47350/iccs-de.2020.20.

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We offer a specialized toolkit for automating both knowledge management when creating an applied microservices package and data accumulating during its application for scientific computations in a hybrid computing environment. The decentralized solving of the declaratively formulated problem is carried out by an active agent group. This group is self-organized by logical inference on the distributed knowledge base of a subject domain. The developed toolkit automates the creating and updating of the local knowledge base of the manager-agent of applied microservices package, as well as the local knowledge bases of distributed computational agents. Local knowledge bases are formed using a description of the interface of computational microservices managed by these agents. Microservice ensembles, corresponding to the active group, are stored in the knowledge base of the manager-agent. The developed toolkit uses this information for testing microservice in the case of its update. In hybrid computing, this toolkit provides synchronizing, archiving, and saving of calculated data. Hybrid infrastructure combines the reliability and availability of using on-premises computers with scaling to the cloud when peak loads occur. The conducted experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the presented approach for solving practically significant scientific problems.
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Matlekovic, Lea, and Peter Schneider-Kamp. "From Monolith to Microservices: Software Architecture for Autonomous UAV Infrastructure Inspection." In 11th International Conference on Embedded Systems and Applications (EMSA 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.120622.

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Linear-infrastructure Mission Control (LiMiC) is an application for autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) infrastructure inspection mission planning developed in monolithic software architecture. The application calculates routes along the infrastructure based on the users’ inputs, the number of UAVs participating in the mission, and UAVs’ locations. LiMiC1.0 is the latest application version migrated from monolith to microservices, continuously integrated, and deployed using DevOps tools to facilitate future features development, enable better traffic management, and improve the route calculation processing time. Processing time was improved by refactoring the route calculation algorithm into services, scaling them in the Kubernetes cluster, and enabling asynchronous communication in between. In this paper, we discuss the differences between the monolith and microservice architecture to justify our decision for migration. We describe the methodology for the application’s migration and implementation processes, technologies we use for continuous integration and deployment, and we present microservices improved performance results compared with the monolithic application.
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Abdelfattah, Amr S. "Microservices-based systems visualization." In SAC '22: The 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3506963.

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JOS� CARLOS CAVALCANTI, CAVALCANTI, and RITO ANAURY NORRAN PASSOS RITO. "APIS AND MICROSERVICES." In 15th CONTECSI International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management. TECSI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5748/9788599693148-15contecsi/ps-5723.

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Dontsov, A. A., and I. A. Sutorikhin. "Development of a geographic information system for data collection and analysis based on microservice architecture." In Spatial Data Processing for Monitoring of Natural and Anthropogenic Processes 2021. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/sdm.2021.93.41.034.

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The paper discusses the use of microservice architecture in the development of geographic information systems (GIS) for collecting, processing and analyzing data. As a rule, microservice architecture is used to build applications in information systems related to solving business problems, and is not widespread in the development of geographic information systems in the scientific field. However, its application is now becoming increasingly important. Decomposition of the software implementation and GIS infrastructure associated with computations and data processing into components in the form of microservices has a number of advantages, such as: increased fault tolerance, increased flexibility, reduced maintenance effort, simplified scaling, and others. The first results of the application of the microservice approach in the development of a geoinformation system for the collection and processing of hydrological and hydrobiological data on the state of water bodies are shown. The architecture, main components, and features of the information infrastructure are shown.
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Sheikh, Athar, and Anisha Bs. "Decomposing Monolithic Systems to Microservices." In 2020 3rd International Conference on Computer and Informatics Engineering (IC2IE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic2ie50715.2020.9274641.

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Cinque, Marcello, Raffaele Della Corte, and Antonio Pecchia. "Advancing Monitoring in Microservices Systems." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issrew.2019.00060.

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Assunção, Wesley K. G., Jacob Krüger, and Willian D. F. Mendonça. "Variability management meets microservices." In SPLC '20: 24th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3382025.3414942.

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Cuesta, Carlos E., Elena Navarro, and Uwe Zdun. "Synergies of system-of-systems and microservices architectures." In the International Colloquium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3175731.3176176.

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Reports on the topic "Microservices Systems"

1

Chandramouli, Ramaswamy. Security strategies for microservices-based application systems. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.800-204.

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