Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microscopy tools

Academic literature on the topic 'Microscopy tools'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Microscopy tools"

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Bracker, CE, and P. K. Hansma. "Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy: New tools for biology." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 778–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155864.

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A new family of scanning probe microscopes has emerged that is opening new horizons for investigating the fine structure of matter. The earliest and best known of these instruments is the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). First published in 1982, the STM earned the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for two of its inventors, G. Binnig and H. Rohrer. They shared the prize with E. Ruska for his work that had led to the development of the transmission electron microscope half a century earlier. It seems appropriate that the award embodied this particular blend of the old and the new because it demonstrated to the world a long overdue respect for the enormous contributions electron microscopy has made to the understanding of matter, and at the same time it signalled the dawn of a new age in microscopy. What we are seeing is a revolution in microscopy and a redefinition of the concept of a microscope.Several kinds of scanning probe microscopes now exist, and the number is increasing. What they share in common is a small probe that is scanned over the surface of a specimen and measures a physical property on a very small scale, at or near the surface. Scanning probes can measure temperature, magnetic fields, tunneling currents, voltage, force, and ion currents, among others.
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Carragher, Bridget, Clinton S. Potter, and Fred J. Sigworth. "Software tools for macromolecular microscopy." Journal of Structural Biology 157, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2006.11.001.

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Smith, Ross, and Bridget Carragher. "Software tools for molecular microscopy." Journal of Structural Biology 163, no. 3 (September 2008): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2008.03.002.

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Prater, C. B. "New tools for Atomic Force Microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 716–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139950.

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The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) has been widely used in the physics, chemistry, and materials science communities, and is becoming more common in life sciences research. To better serve the biological community, new instruments have been developed recently that combine AFM and various forms of optical microscopy including EPI-fluorescence, DIC, and confocal microscopy. In addition, new techniques like fluid Tapping Mode™ have been developed to allow gentle, non-destructive imaging of biological samples, including live specimens in physiological conditions. Other new techniques can provide information about sample elasticity or molecular adhesion along with nanometerscale topography measurements.Until recently, most AFMs scanned the sample under a stationary probe using a small piezoelectric scanner. This arrangement placed serious limits on the size and type of sample that could be used as a sample substrate. Now instruments have been developed that scan the AFM probe over a fixed sample that then allows imaging of larger, more convenient sample substrates, including cover slips, slides, and even petri dishes.
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Ai, R. "A Microscope-Compatible Auger Electron Spectrometer." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 992–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100089275.

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With the recent development of ultra-high vacuum high resolution electron microscopes (UHV-HREM), electron microscopes have become valuable tools for surface studies. Techniques such as surface profile image, surface sensitive plane view, and reflection electron microscopy have been developed to take full advantage of the atomic resolution of HREM to study surface structures. However a complete surface study requires information on both the surface structure and surface chemistry. Therefore in order to turn an electron microscope into a real surface analytical tool, the challenge is to develop a microscopecompatible, surface sensitive tool for in-situ surface chemical analysis.
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Brama, Elisabeth, Christopher J. Peddie, Gary Wilkes, Yan Gu, Lucy M. Collinson, and Martin L. Jones. "ultraLM and miniLM: Locator tools for smart tracking of fluorescent cells in correlative light and electron microscopy." Wellcome Open Research 1 (December 13, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10299.1.

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In-resin fluorescence (IRF) protocols preserve fluorescent proteins in resin-embedded cells and tissues for correlative light and electron microscopy, aiding interpretation of macromolecular function within the complex cellular landscape. Dual-contrast IRF samples can be imaged in separate fluorescence and electron microscopes, or in dual-modality integrated microscopes for high resolution correlation of fluorophore to organelle. IRF samples also offer a unique opportunity to automate correlative imaging workflows. Here we present two new locator tools for finding and following fluorescent cells in IRF blocks, enabling future automation of correlative imaging. The ultraLM is a fluorescence microscope that integrates with an ultramicrotome, which enables ‘smart collection’ of ultrathin sections containing fluorescent cells or tissues for subsequent transmission electron microscopy or array tomography. The miniLM is a fluorescence microscope that integrates with serial block face scanning electron microscopes, which enables ‘smart tracking’ of fluorescent structures during automated serial electron image acquisition from large cell and tissue volumes.
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Graef, M. De, N. T. Nuhfer, and N. J. Cleary. "Implementation Of A Digital Microscopy Teaching Environment." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013349.

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The steady evolution of computer controlled electron microscopes is dramatically changing the way we teach microscopy. For today’s microscopy student, an electron microscope may be just another program on the desktop of whatever computer platform he or she uses. This is reflected in the use of the term Desktop Microscopy. The SEM in particular has become a mouse and keyboard controlled machine, and running the microscope is not very different from using a drawing program or a word processor. Transmission electron microscopes are headed in the same direction.While one can debate whether or not it is wise to treat an SEM or a TEM as just another black-box computer program, it is a fact that these machines are here to stay, which means that microscopy educators must adapt their traditional didactic tools and methods. One way to bring electron microscopes into the classroom is through the use of remote control software packages, such as Timbuktu Pro or PC-Anywhere. The remote user essentially opens a window containing the desktop of the microscope control computer and has all functions available. On microscopes with specialized graphics boards, integration of the image and control display for remote operation may not be straightforward, and often requires the purchase of additional graphics boards for the remote machine.
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Frigault, M. M., J. Lacoste, J. L. Swift, and C. M. Brown. "Live-cell microscopy - tips and tools." Journal of Cell Science 122, no. 6 (March 4, 2009): 753–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.033837.

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Budich, Christian, Jonathan West, Peter Lampen, and Volker Deckert. "Force microscopy analysis using chemometric tools." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 390, no. 5 (December 24, 2007): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1722-0.

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Shri, D. N. Awang, J. Ramli, N. A. Alang, and M. M. Mahat. "Influence of Surface Pretreatment on Carbon Coating of Cutting Tools Using PVD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.530.

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Alumina (Al2O3) cutting tools have been coated with carbon coating using physical vapor deposition (PVD) to improve its wear resistance. The cutting tools were subjected to surface pretreatments namely blasting and acid etching to improve the coating adhesion onto the substrates. The effects of pretreatments on the cutting tools topography prior to deposition were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) while the surface morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rake angle of the coated cutting tool and surface roughness of the cutting edge were investigated using infinite focus microscope. The adhesion strength of the carbon coating was investigated using microscratch. This study shows that although the coating were deposited evenly on all samples, the cutting tool that was blasted prior to deposition has better adhesion strength when compared to acid etching and no-pretreatment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microscopy tools"

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Mignard-Debise, Lois. "Tools for the paraxial optical design of light field imaging systems." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0009/document.

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L'imagerie plénoptique est souvent présentée comme une révolution par rapport à l'imagerie standard. En effet, elle apporte plus de contrôle à l'utilisateur sur l'image finale puisque les dimensions spatiales et angulaires du champ de lumière offrent la possibilité de changer le point de vue ou de refaire la mise au point après coup ainsi que de calculer la carte de profondeur de la scène. Cependant, cela complique le travail du concepteur optique du système pour deux raisons. La première est qu'il existe une multitude d'appareils de capture plénoptique différents, chacun avec sa propre spécificité. La deuxième est qu'il n'existe pas de modèle qui relie le design de la caméra à ses propriétés optiques d'acquisition et qui puisse guider le concepteur dans sa tâche. Cette thèse répond à ces observations en proposant un modèle optique du premier ordre pour représenter n'importe quel appareil d'acquisition plénoptique. Ce modèle abstrait une caméra plénoptique par un réseau équivalent de caméras virtuelles existant en espace objet et qui effectue un échantillonnage identique de la scène. Ce modèle est utilisé pour étudier et comparer plusieurs caméras plénoptiques ainsi qu'un microscope plénoptique monté en laboratoire, ce qui révèle des lignes directrices pour la conception de systèmes plénoptiques. Les simulations du modèle sont aussi validées par l'expérimentation avec une caméra et le microscope plénoptique
Light field imaging is often presented as a revolution of standard imaging. Indeed, it does bring more control to the user over the final image as the spatio-angular dimensions of the light field offer the possibility to change the viewpoint and refocus after the shot and compute the scene depth map.However, it complicates the work of the optical designer of the system for two reasons. The first is that there exist a multitude of different light field acquisition devices, each with its own specific design. The second is that there is no model that relates the camera design to its optical properties of acquisition and that would guide the designer in his task. This thesis addresses these observations by proposing a first-order optical model to represent any light field acquisition device. This model abstracts a light field camera as en equivalent array of virtual cameras that exists in object space and that performs the same sampling of the scene. The model is used to study and compare several light field cameras as well as a light field microscope setup which reveals guidelines for the conception of light field optical systems. The simulations of the model are also validated through experimentation with a light field camera and a light field microscope that was constructed in our laboratory
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Reeve, James Edward. "Functional dyes as tools for neurophysiology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d8e7fa1-0f1d-4ff5-9f90-6915b15c1ad4.

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The aim of the project described in this thesis is to synthesise new functional molecules which interact with light for neurophysiological applications. In particular, I describe a family of amphiphilic porphyrins with large first hyperpolarisabilities which are used as SHG contrast agents and voltage-sensitive probes. In addition I detail a methodological microscopy tool and a novel caged form of a neuronal ion-channel antagonist. Chapter 1 introduces the key concepts underlying the use of dyes as SHG contrast agents. In particular it focuses on aspects of molecular design, covering both the amphiphilicity and nolinearity required by the target molecule. It covers quantification of the nonlinear properties of SHG stains, then surveys a number of examples which showcase the flexibility of SHG imaging as a biomedical technique. Chapter 2 describes a family of amphiphilic porphyrins with large first hyperpolarisabilities. Working from the structure-property relationships identified in Chapter 1, we fully characterise these dyes and demonstrate that they can be used in SHG imaging. We demonstrate that these molecules may also be tuned by complexation of a metal ion which can modulate their photophysical and solubility behaviour. Chapter 3 provides a description of how to determine the orientational distribution of dipolar dyes in a membrane by multiphoton microscopy. We measure the signal intensity of the dye in a model membrane system then find distributional moments which lead to the distribution itself. Chapter 4 explores whether off-axis contributions to the first hyperpolarisability tensor can significantly augment the dominant on-axis contribution from the main dipolar charge-transfer band. We synthesise and characterise a series of cis-donor cis-acceptor porphyrin compounds and explore their biophysical characteristics. Chapter 5 is the culmination of this project and after discussing method development, goes on to show how we measure the voltage sensitivity of an amphiphilic porphyrin SHG dye. We compare the archetypal porphyrin dye chromophore with three commercially available styryl dyes and demonstrate that our dye has greater sensitivity and a more rapid response. Chapter 6 describes a side project, the use of a photolabile cage to protect MK801, a neuronal ion-channel antagonist. By developing a water soluble photolabile cage using molecular design techniques, we are able to release MK801 in neurons with precise spatiotemporal control, allowing us to pinpoint the locus of two key neurophysiological processes.
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Bola, Sampol Raúl. "Development of optical tools for biological applications based on acousto-optic technology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672264.

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To ensure progress in the field of biomedicine and drug development, it is essential to keep improving the equipment needed to carry out most of the experiments. With better tools, scientists can be more efficient, increasing the quality and volume of collected data from biological samples. At the same time, these tools should offer enough flexibility to adapt to new protocols and experiments. Among all the tools used in cell biology laboratories, photonic technology is the most popular, since it is considered a non-invasive technique, being fully compatible with living samples. The work done in this thesis focuses on the development of two optical tools with great applicability in the field of cell biology: an optical trapping and force measurement system and a novel and flexible confocal microscopy unit. The combination of both apparatus will allow biologists to manipulate and measure forces inside living cells, while providing high contrast visualization of the specimen in real time. Both technologies share the same light modulator element: an acousto-optic deflector (AOD). AODs are diffractive devices that use mechanical waves to deflect an incident beam of light with extreme precision and speed (in the kilohertz to megahertz range). Despite being developed in the 30s, their full potential has not been exploited until now. During the thesis, I have carried out a thorough study of the AOD properties, culminating in a new way to understand and use these devices: the acousto-optic holography (AOH). With slight modifications in the control electronics, these devices can be used in the same way as a full complex spatial light modulator. With this new approach, AODs can project arbitrary light patterns and scanning schemes, going beyond their main application as pure beam deflectors. Incorporating AODs in an optical trapping system allows generating multiple stable optical traps through time multiplexing a single laser beam, catching and manipulating a plurality of objects at the same time. This scheme also allows synchronizing the laser position with a force measurement system based on direct momentum changes, being able to address single object information. The optical trapping system developed in the first half of this thesis has been used to perform controlled oscillations, as well as measure the response force, in a variety of situations. It has been employed to obtain information about the mechanical properties of some biological structures, such as the cellular cytoskeleton or in active gels of tubulin bundles. Second, focusing on acousto-optic holography, the thesis presents a new confocal microscope concept: the programmable array microscope, which serves as the starting point for a new generation of solid-state digital microscopes. This new concept proposes eliminating all the mechanical and mobile elements of conventional microscopes and replacing them with fully programmable elements. Specifically, it proposes eliminating the physical ”pinhole” and motorized scanning systems, thus resulting in a very flexible device. The prototype allows the projection of an infinity of structured light patterns at high speeds to produce high-quality reconstructions. Given the high degree of flexibility, this new solid-state microscope can implement multiple imaging modes that can adapt to the needs of each experiment and/or sample. Apart from implementing already existing techniques, the prototype allows the investigation of new imaging modes and smart scanning schemes. These new modes aim to extract sample information more efficiently, faster, or at a higher resolution. The thesis details the entire development process of the prototype, both in the optomechanical design, the generation of lighting patterns and scanning schemes. Regarding the confocal filtering part, we present two different solutions. First, we present a set of new image processing algorithms that take advantage of our flexible illumination system. Then, we provide the development of a custom and flexible camera module that allows arbitrary pixel reading. Finally, with the same technology, two different paths have been explored in the field of super-resolution. On the one hand, the confocal system has been adapted for the parallelization of STED microscopy, speeding up the capture process and presenting promising first results. On the other hand, we have explored computational strategies based on deep learning that allow the recovery of high frequencies. This allows the observation of fine structures well beyond the diffraction limit barrier.
Per poder garantir l’avanç de les ciències de la vida, amb la gran repercussió a la salut mundial que això comporta, és important anar millorant les eines amb les quals els científics (especialment els biòlegs) desenvolupen els experiments, podent així millorar la quantitat i el volum de les dades extretes. Amb noves eines, els investigadors poden desenvolupar i dissenyar nous experiments que proporcionin informació rellevant sobre l’estudi i la comprensió de molts processos cel·lulars i malalties. La tesi tracta sobre el desenvolupament de dos sistemes òptics amb gran aplicació en el camp de la biologia, ambdues basades en un element modulador de llum comú, els deflectors acusto-òptics (AODs). El AODs són dispositius totalment analògics, on s’utilitzen ones acústiques per poder modular i deflectar un làser amb una gran precisió i velocitat. A la primera part, s’explica el desenvolupament d’un sistema d’atrapament òptic i mesura de força. El sistema permet atrapar i manipular, de manera estable, múltiples objectes, així com realitzar oscil·lacions controlades. Al mateix temps, el sistema és totalment compatible amb mesura de forces per canvis de moment. Tot això permet paral·lelitzar experiments a l’interior cel·lular de manera totalment invasiva, oferint informació sobre les propietats mecàniques de diverses estructures biològiques. A la segona part, es presenta una nova forma d’entendre i utilitzar aquests dispositius: l’holografia acusto-òptica. Mitjançant la generació de senyals acústiques complexes, els AODs permeten projectar patrons de llum arbitraris, més enllà del seu ús principal com a deflectors làser. Això porta al desenvolupament d’un nou microscopi confocal, totalment programable i sense elements mecànics o mòbils. El microscopi permet projectar una infinitat de patrons de llum estructurada, per tal d’obtenir reconstruccions d’alta qualitat a centenars d’imatges per segon. Aquesta nova plataforma de microscòpia d’estat sòlid, permet investigar i implementar una infinitat de maneres d’imatge, per adaptar-se a les necessitats de cada experiment i / o mostra.
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Logan, Savannah. "Imaging Vibrio Cholerae Invasion and Developing New Tools for 3D Microscopy of Live Animals." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24524.

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All animals harbor microorganisms that interact with each other and with their hosts. These microorganisms play important roles in health, disease, and defense against pathogens. The microbial communities in the intestine are particularly important in preventing colonization by pathogens; however, this defense mechanism and the means by which pathogens overcome it remain largely unknown. Moreover, while the composition of animal-associated microbial communities has been studied in great depth, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these communities has only recently begun to be explored. Here, we use a transparent model organism, larval zebrafish, to study how a human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae, invades intestinal communities. We pay particular attention to a bacterial competition mechanism, the type VI secrection system (T6SS), in this process. In vivo 3D fluorescence imaging and differential contrast imaging of transparent host tissue allow us to establish that V. cholerae can use the T6SS to modulate the intestinal mechanics of its host to displace established bacterial communities, and we demonstrate that one part of the T6SS apparatus, the actin crosslinking domain, is responsible for this function. Next, we develop an automated high-throughput light sheet fluorescence microscope to allow rapid imaging of bacterial communities and host cells in live larval zebrafish. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has been limited in the past by low throughput and tedious sample preparation, and our new microscope features an integrated fluidic circuit and automated positioning and imaging to address these issues and allow faster collection of larger datasets, which will considerably expand the use of LSFM in the life sciences. This microscope could also be used for future experiments related to bacterial communities and the immune system. The overarching theme of the work in this dissertation is the use and development of advanced imaging techniques to make new biological discoveries, and the conclusions of this work point the way toward understanding pathogenic invasion, maximizing the use of LSFM in the life sciences, and gaining a better grasp of host-associated bacterial community dynamics. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
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Baker, Ryan. "IMAGING AND ANALYSIS OF LARVAL ZEBRAFISH GUT MOTILITY, AND AUTOMATED TOOLS FOR 3D MICROSCOPY." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23133.

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Nearly all individual members of the animal kingdom have gastrointestinal tracts which feature unique cellular compositions, geometries, and temporal dynamics. These guts are distinct enough from one another, even across siblings or even across the same individual at different points in space and time, that defining meaningful scientific representations of those features is difficult. Studying these guts is also innately challenging as it requires accessing to the insides of the enclosed 3D volumes. The work presented here describes tools and methodologies designed to address these difficulties. To investigate gut motility, we constructed a combined light sheet fluorescence and differential interference contrast microscope to obtain videos of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) gut motility and to obtain 3D information about nearby fluorescently tagged cells. Using advanced computer vision algorithms, we quantified aspects of zebrafish gut motility which have never before been characterized, then used that information to identify the effects of different genetic, chemical, and physiological states of zebrafish gut motility. Finally, we designed and constructed an instrument for automating 3D microscopy for future studies. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
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Vathalloor, Mathew Manoj. "Neuron guidance and nano-neurosurgery using optical tools." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/33075.

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Jones, Debbie. "Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy as tools for monitoring redox transformations of uranium in biological systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fluorescence-spectroscopy-and-microscopy-as-tools-for-monitoring-redox-transformations-of-uranium-in-biological-systems(e5420e94-b96e-4ee1-be63-1a3363672014).html.

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The immobilisation of uranium is an important issue within the nuclear industry due to contaminated land from accidental spillage, weapons testing or mining activities. Within the environment uranium is most commonly found in the +VI oxidation state as the mobile uranyl cation [UO2]2+. Alternatively, the +IV oxidation state can also be found in the environment, forming either an insoluble crystalline uraninite phase, or a more soluble molecular uranium(IV) species. Many endogenous subsurface bacteria can bind and accumulate actinide ions through biosorption and can reduce mobile uranyl(VI) species down to immobile uranium(IV) compounds and mineral phases. This work presents an investigation into the bioreduction process by two anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Luminescence spectroscopy is used to monitor the intensity of uranyl(VI) emission in situ over the course of a 24 hour bioreduction experiment with uranyl(VI) acetate as the electron acceptor and either acetate or lactate as the electron donor. An increase in intensity of the emission around hour three or four during the reduction, followed by an overall decrease, is attributed as the disproportionation of an unstable uranyl(V) intermediate. The role of inner and outer membrane c-typecytochromes as well as flavin secretion is also investigated using three deletion mutants of the S. oneidensis bacteria, which shows that in their absence, the reduction of uranyl(VI) does not occur over the course of 24 hours. The emission of uranium(IV) is also investigated during bioreduction in phosphate media and results show that emission can be observed in aqueous solutions at pH 7 pointing to the presence of a molecular product. One photon confocal and two photon fluorescence microscopy has been utilised for the very first time to directly optically image the bioreduction of uranyl(VI) in combination with luminescence lifetime mapping. The sorption of uranyl(VI) onto the surface of the bacteria with differing lifetimes indicates a direct interaction between uranyl(VI) and surface bound c-type cytochromes, since this variation was not observed in mutant S. oneidensis strains where the cytochromes were not present. Combined, these results have established the applicability of optical spectroscopy and microscopyin tracking the bioreduction of uranium in situ.
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Rosenthal, Malte [Verfasser]. "Clickmers and Aptamers as versatile tools for drug testing and fluorescence microscopy techniques / Malte Rosenthal." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224270592/34.

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ALMEIDA, FILHO AMERICO de. "Influencia da preparacao previa de amostras de aco AISI H 13 no comportamento a nitretacao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10775.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06769.pdf: 4275325 bytes, checksum: f2158eb766fa7886249500f40de27cec (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP
FAPESP:97/04424-5
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Hernández-Neuta, Iván. "Nucleic acid analysis tools : Novel technologies and biomedical applications." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146334.

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Nucleic acids are fundamental molecules of living organisms functioning essentially as the molecular information carriers of life. From how an organism is built to how it responds to external conditions, all of it, can be found in the form of nucleic acid sequences inside every single cell of every life form on earth. Therefore, accessing these sequences provides key information regarding the molecular identity and functional state of any living organism, this is very useful for areas like biomedicine, where accessing and understanding these molecular signatures is the key to develop strategies to understand, treat and diagnose diseases. Decades of research and technological advancements have led to the development of a number of molecular tools and engineering technologies that allow accessing the information contained in the nucleic acids. This thesis provides a general overview of the tools and technologies available for nucleic acid analysis, and proposes an illustrative concept on how molecular tools and emergent technologies can be combined in a modular fashion to design methods for addressing different biomedical questions. The studies included in this thesis, are focused on the particular use of the molecular tools named: padlock and selector probes, rolling circle amplification, and fluorescence detection of single molecules in combination with microfluidics and portable microscopy. By using this combination, it became possible to design and demonstrate novel approaches for integrated nucleic acid analysis, inexpensive digital quantification, mobile-phone based diagnostics and the description of viral infections. These studies represent a step forward towards the adoption of the selected group of tools and technologies, for the design and building of methods that can be used as powerful alternatives to conventional tools used in molecular diagnostics and virology.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript.

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Books on the topic "Microscopy tools"

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Knutsson, Kjel. Patterns of tool use: Scanning electron microscopy of experiental quartz tools. Uppsala: Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis, 1988.

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Microscopie du matériel lithique préhistorique: Traces d'utilisation, altérations naturelles, accidentelles et technologiques : exemples de Patagonie. Paris: CNRS, 1986.

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Sala, Irene Levi. A study of microscopic polish on flint implements. Oxford, England: Tempus Reparatum, 1996.

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Sussman, Carole. A microscopic analysis of use-wear and polish formation on experimental quartz tools. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1988.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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M, Dvorak Ann, ed. The microwave tool book: A practical guide for microsopists. Boston: Beth Israel Hospital, 1994.

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Immunomicroscopy: A diagnostic tool for the surgical pathologist. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1986.

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J, Cote Richard, ed. Immunomicroscopy: A diagnostic tool for the surgical pathologist. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1994.

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J, Cote Richard, ed. Immunomicroscopy: A diagnostic tool for the surgical pathologist. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2006.

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(Editor), James H. Wandersee, C. T. Lange (Editor), and Dennis R. Wissing (Editor), eds. Bioinstrumentation: Tools for Understanding Life. National Association of Biology Teachers, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microscopy tools"

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Guiet, Romain, Olivier Burri, and Arne Seitz. "Open Source Tools for Biological Image Analysis." In Computer Optimized Microscopy, 23–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9686-5_2.

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Giovannini, Marc. "Needle-Based Confocal Microscopy (nCLE)." In Endoscopic Imaging Techniques and Tools, 229–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30053-5_13.

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Cullen-McEwen, Luise A., Richard J. Young, Gabriel Fricout, Dominique Jeulin, Ian S. Harper, Frank Costantini, and John F. Bertram. "Imaging Tools for Analysis of the Ureteric Tree in the Developing Mouse Kidney." In Confocal Microscopy, 305–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-847-8_16.

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Schwehr, Bradley J., David Hartnell, Massimiliano Massi, and Mark J. Hackett. "Luminescent metal complexes as emerging tools for lipid imaging." In Metal Ligand Chromophores for Bioassays, 75–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19863-2_3.

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AbstractFluorescence microscopy is a key tool in the biological sciences, which finds use as a routine laboratory technique (e.g., epifluorescence microscope) or more advanced confocal, two-photon, and super-resolution applications. Through continued developments in microscopy, and other analytical methods, the importance of lipids as constituents of subcellular organelles, signalling or regulating molecules continues to emerge. The increasing recognition of the importance of lipids to fundamental cell biology (in health and disease) has prompted the development of protocols and techniques to image the distribution of lipids in cells and tissues. A diverse suite of spectroscopic and microscopy tools are continuously being developed and explored to add to the “toolbox” to study lipid biology. A relatively recent breakthrough in this field has been the development and subsequent application of metal-based luminescent complexes for imaging lipids in biological systems. These metal-based compounds appear to offer advantages with respect to their tunability of the photophysical properties, in addition to capabilities centred around selectively targeting specific lipid structures or classes of lipids. The presence of the metal centre also opens the path to alternative imaging modalities that might not be applicable to traditional organic fluorophores. This review examines the current progress and developments in metal-based luminescent complexes to study lipids, in addition to exploring potential new avenues and challenges for the field to take.
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Samantaray, C. B. "Scanning Probe Microscopy for Nanolithography." In Surface Science Tools for Nanomaterials Characterization, 91–115. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44551-8_3.

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Sun, Ling, and Elmar Bonaccurso. "Scanning Conductive Torsion Mode Microscopy." In Surface Science Tools for Nanomaterials Characterization, 199–225. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44551-8_6.

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Escobar, Isabel, Emilio Sánchez-Ortiga, Genaro Saavedra, and Manuel Martínez-Corral. "New Analytical Tools for Evaluation of Spherical Aberration in Optical Microscopy." In Optical Fluorescence Microscopy, 85–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45849-5_5.

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Kaestner, Lars, André Zeug, and Qinghai Tian. "Optogenetic Tools in the Microscopy of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling." In Microscopy of the Heart, 97–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95304-5_5.

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Bertotti, Mauro. "Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM): Fundamentals and Applications." In Tools and Trends in Bioanalytical Chemistry, 331–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82381-8_18.

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Echlin, Patrick. "Sample Preparation Tools." In Handbook of Sample Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis, 19–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85731-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microscopy tools"

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Pfeiffer, Hans C. "New prospects for electron beams as tools for semiconductor lithography." In SPIE Scanning Microscopy, edited by Michael T. Postek, Dale E. Newbury, S. Frank Platek, and David C. Joy. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.822771.

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Yang, Lin. "Emerging Imaging Tools for Precision Pulmonary Nanoparticle Delivery and Tracing." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.1313.

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Genoud, Christel. "Tools to make Volume-SEM techniques easier and faster on EM facilities." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.708.

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KLAPETEK, P. "ALGORITHMS FOR SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY DATA ANALYSIS." In Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812774187_0039.

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DeMenthon, Daniel, Sunia Arya, Larry S. Davis, Jacob Glaser, and Edmund Glaser. "Interactive tools for morphometry in video microscopy." In SPIE/IS&T 1992 Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, edited by Raj S. Acharya, Carol J. Cogswell, and Dmitry B. Goldgof. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.59591.

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Salminen, Turkka. "Tools for in-situ mechanical testing of highly ductile amorphous oxides fabcricated by FIB." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.700.

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Smith, Andrew. "Enhancing SEMs' and FIB/SEMs' Capabilities Through the Addition of Specialized Manipulation and Positioning Tools." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.131.

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Sun, Yuansheng, Ulas C. Coskun, Shih-Chu J. Liao, and Beniamino Barbieri. "Quantitative tools in the Multi-image Phasor Analysis (MiPA)." In Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XXII, edited by Ammasi Periasamy, Peter T. So, and Karsten König. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2626879.

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Billon-Denis, Emmanuelle. "In vivo tracking of the vaccine response in an animal model: playing with new imaging tools." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.437.

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Zhong, Qian, and Daryl Inniss. "Polymer/silica optical fiber interfaces studied by atomic force microscopy." In Optical Tools for Manufacturing and Advanced Automation, edited by Dilip K. Paul and Hakan H. Yuce. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.168622.

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Reports on the topic "Microscopy tools"

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Stirling, J. A. R., and G. J. Pringle. Tools of investigation: the electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210959.

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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.

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experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
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Darrow, C., T. Huser, C. Campos, M. Yan, S. Lane, and R. Balhorn. Single Fluorescent Molecule Confocal Microscopy: A New Tool for Molecular Biology Research and Biosensor Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/792442.

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Dong, Bin. Super-resolution and super-localization microscopy: A novel tool for imaging chemical and biological processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342542.

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Bartels, Ludwig. Towards the Assembly and Characterization of Individual Molecules by Use of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope as a Nanoscopic Tool. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408395.

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Eyal, Yoram, and Sheila McCormick. Molecular Mechanisms of Pollen-Pistil Interactions in Interspecific Crossing Barriers in the Tomato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573076.bard.

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During the evolutionary process of speciation in plants, naturally occurring barriers to reproduction have developed that affect the transfer of genes within and between related species. These barriers can occur at several different levels beginning with pollination-barriers and ending with hybrid-breakdown. The interaction between pollen and pistils presents one of the major barriers to intra- and inter-specific crosses and is the focus of this research project. Our long-term goal in this research proposal was defined to resolve questions on recognition and communication during pollen-pistil interactions in the extended tomato family. In this context, this work was initiated and planned to study the potential involvement of tomato pollen-specific receptor-like kinases (RLK's) in the interaction between pollen and pistils. By special permission from BARD the objectives of this research were extended to include studies on pollen-pistil interactions and pollination barriers in horticultural crops with an emphasis on citrus. Functional characterization of 2 pollen-specific RLK's from tomato was carried out. The data shows that both encode functional kinases that were active as recombinant proteins. One of the kinases was shown to accumulate mainly after pollen germination and to be phosphorylated in-vitro in pollen membranes as well as in-vivo. The presence of style extract resulted in dephosphorylation of the RLK, although no species specificity was observed. This data implies a role for at least one RLK in pollination events following pollen germination. However, a transgenic plant analysis of the RLK's comprising overexpression, dominant-negative and anti-sense constructs failed to provide answers on their role in pollination. While genetic effects on some of the plants were observed in both the Israeli and American labs, no clear functional answers were obtained. An alternative approach to addressing function was pursued by screening for an artificial ligand for the receptor domain using a peptide phage display library. An enriched peptide sequence was obtained and will be used to design a peptide-ligand to be tested for its effect o pollen germination and tube growth. Self-incompatibility (SI) in citrus was studied on 3 varieties of pummelo. SI was observed using fluorescence microscopy in each of the 3 varieties and compatibility relations between varieties was determined. An initial screen for an S-RNase SI mechanism yielded only a cDNA homologous to the group of S-like RNases, suggesting that SI results from an as yet unknown mechanism. 2D gel electrophoresis was applied to compare pollen and style profiles of different compatibility groups. A "polymorphic" protein band from style extracts was observed, isolated and micro-sequenced. Degenerate primers designed based on the peptide sequence date will be used to isolate the relevant genes i order to study their potential involvement in SI. A study on SI in the apple cultivar Top red was initiated. SI was found, as previously shown, to be complete thus requiring a compatible pollinator variety. A new S-RNase allele was discovered fro Top red styles and was found to be highly homologous to pear S-RNases, suggesting that evolution of these genes pre-dated speciation into apples and pears but not to other Rosaceae species. The new allele provides molecular-genetic tools to determine potential pollinators for the variety Top red as well as a tool to break-down SI in this important variety.
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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Genetic and chemical intervention in ROS signaling pathways affecting development and pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699866.bard.

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Abstract: The long-term goals of our research are to understand the regulation of sclerotial development and pathogenicity in S. sclerotior11111. The focus in this project was on the elucidation of the signaling events and environmental cues involved in the regulation of these processes, utilizing and continuously developing tools our research groups have established and/or adapted for analysis of S. sclerotiorum, Our stated objectives: To take advantage of the recent conceptual (ROS/PPs signaling) and technical (amenability of S. sclerotiorumto manipulations coupled with chemical genomics and next generation sequencing) developments to address and extend our fundamental and potentially applicable knowledge of the following questions concerning the involvement of REDOX signaling and protein dephosphorylation in the regulation of hyphal/sclerotial development and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum: (i) How do defects in genes involved in ROS signaling affect S. sclerotiorumdevelopment and pathogenicity? (ii) In what manner do phosphotyrosinephosphatases affect S. sclerotiorumdevelopment and pathogenicity and how are they linked with ROS and other signaling pathways? And (iii) What is the nature of activity of newly identified compounds that affect S. sclerotiori,111 growth? What are the fungal targets and do they interfere with ROS signaling? We have met a significant portion of the specific goals set in our research project. Much of our work has been published. Briefly. we can summarize that: (a) Silencing of SsNox1(NADPHoxidase) expression indicated a central role for this enzyme in both virulence and pathogenic development, while inactivation of the SsNox2 gene resulted in limited sclerotial development, but the organism remained fully pathogenic. (b) A catalase gene (Scatl), whose expression was highly induced during host infection is involved in hyphal growth, branching, sclerotia formation and infection. (c) Protein tyrosine phosphatase l (ptpl) is required for sclerotial development and is involved in fungal infection. (d) Deletion of a superoxidedismutase gene (Sssodl) significantly reduced in virulence on both tomato and tobacco plants yet pathogenicity was mostly restored following supplementation with oxalate. (e) We have participated in comparative genome sequence analysis of S. sclerotiorumand B. cinerea. (f) S. sclerotiorumexhibits a potential switch between biotrophic and necrotrophic lifestyles (g) During plant­ microbe interactions cell death can occur in both resistant and susceptible events. Non­ pathogenic fungal mutants S. sclerotior111n also cause a cell death but with opposing results. We investigated PCD in more detail and showed that, although PCD occurs in both circumstances they exhibit distinctly different features. The mutants trigger a restricted cell death phenotype in the host that unexpectedly exhibits markers associated with the plant hypersensitive (resistant) response. Using electron and fluorescence microscopy, chemical effectors and reverse genetics, we have established that this restricted cell death is autophagic. Inhibition of autophagy rescued the non-pathogenic mutant phenotype. These findings indicate that autophagy is a defense response in this interaction Thus the control of cell death, dictated by the plant (autophagy) סr the fungus (apoptosis), is decisive to the outcome of certain plant­ microbe interactions. In addition to the time and efforts invested towards reaching the specific goals mentioned, both Pls have initiated utilizing (as stated as an objective in our proposal) state of the art RNA-seq tools in order to harness this technology for the study of S. sclerotiorum. The Pls have met twice (in Israel and in the US), in order to discuss .נחd coordinate the research efforts. This included a working visit at the US Pls laboratory for performing RNA-seq experiments and data analysis as well as working on a joint publication (now published). The work we have performed expands our understanding of the fundamental biology (developmental and pathogenic) of S. sclerotioז111וז. Furthermore, based on our results we have now reached the conclusion that this fungus is not a bona fide necrotroph, but can also display a biotrophic lifestyle at the early phases of infection. The data obtained can eventually serve .נ basis of rational intervention with the disease cycle of this pathogen.
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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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Rethinking the global microscope for financial inclusion: 2021 key findings report. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003957.

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The Global Microscope is a benchmarking index that has assessed the enabling environment for financial inclusion across 55 countries since 2007. This year, the Economist Impact team conducted an assessment of the index's existing data (2007-20) to understand the relationship between key financial inclusion enablers (i.e. policies, regulation and infrastructure) and financial inclusion outcomes. This report discusses the policies that have driven change, the priorities to keep in mind for the future, the tools that will help achieve these goals and the unique ways these priorities and tools apply across different parts of the financial system. Below we summarize our key findings: - A higher overall Global Microscope score showed a positive relationship with the number of accounts with formal financial institutions and mobile money providers among the population. - The Infrastructure domain had the strongest relation to account ownership, documenting the positive effects on inclusion from policies facilitating the expansion of payment systems, strong digital identification regimes, widespread connectivity, and robust credit information systems. The other four domains are Government and Policy Support, Stability and Integrity, Products and Outlets, and Consumer Protection. - Consumer Protection was also positively linked to the prevalence of bank accounts, underscoring the importance of measures to ensure that financial consumers are treated fairly across the range of distribution channels and products. - The magnitude and quality of regulatory implementation significantly impacts financial inclusion. Larger regulatory improvements were associated with increasingly larger gains in account ownership. * The opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IDB, its Board of Directors or the countries they represent, nor of the MIF Donors Committee or the countries it represents.
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