Academic literature on the topic 'Microscopie d'imagerie à haut débit'
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Journal articles on the topic "Microscopie d'imagerie à haut débit":
Damour, A., P. Delalande, M. Lafon, S. Segovia-Kueny, C. Stalens, M. Violleau, M. Spinazzi, G. Sole, and H. Wodrich. "Evaluation de l'efficacité de la vaccination COVID19 chez des patients atteints de maladies neuromusculaires sévères par analyse de la formation des syncytia par microscopie haut débit." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses Formation 1, no. 2 (June 2022): S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mmifmc.2022.03.145.
Vasselon, V., F. Rimet, I. Domaizon, O. Monnier, Y. Reyjol, and A. Bouchez. "Évaluer la pollution des milieux aquatiques avec l’ADN des diatomées : où en sommes-nous ?" Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 5 (May 2019): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tsm/201905053.
NYS, Y. "Préface." INRAE Productions Animales 23, no. 2 (April 10, 2011): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2010.23.2.3292.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microscopie d'imagerie à haut débit":
Bourguignon, Tom. "Polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of lung infectious diseases." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASF096.
Infectious diseases have always been a threat to mankind, as reminded by the recent COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) pandemic. However, the latter has also highlighted the potential of nanotechnologies for the development of innovative therapies, thanks to vaccines containing nanoparticles (NPs) for messenger RNA protection and vectorization. This work explores the potential of PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) NPs for the treatment of two lung diseases: tuberculosis (TB), a millennia-old ailment as well as the deadliest infectious disease worldwide, and COVID-19, the second pandemic of this century.To begin with, we take interest in the physiopathology and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but most of all, in the evolution of NPs over the last thirty years for the optimization of TB therapy. This literature review, published in Pharmaceutics in 2023, highlights the most studied NPs and antibiotics to this end, and offers perspectives for the future of advanced and tailored treatments.For the study of the prepared PLGA NPs, a characterization technique, NTA (nanoparticle tracking analysis), is diverted from its original use to explore cell-NP interactions. NPs are incubated with cell cultures before the supernatants are analyzed by NTA, thus enabling to quantify NP internalization over time. Such a use, detailed in an article published in the International Journal of Pharmaceutics in 2021, had never been described in the literature before.The NP potential for the targeting of Mtb is then explored. In vitro, it appears that NPs are preferentially internalized by infected cells as compared to non-infected ones. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between the number of intracellular bacteria and the number of captured NPs. In vivo, in a mouse model, a single intranasal NP injection allows for the targeting of the organ of interest (the lungs), the cell type of interest (alveolar macrophages, the site of Mtb infection), and infected cells rather than non-infected ones, the former capturing three times more NPs on average than the latter. These results are the subject of an article currently being reviewed.Finally, a study takes interest in the encapsulation and solubilization of an active molecule for the treatment of COVID-19. Optimization studies resulted in drug encapsulation of 98.3%, drug loading of 24.9%, and a concentration in water of 5 mg/mL for this hydrophobic molecule. Its release mechanism was also unraveled. In a mouse and in a hamster model, it appears that a few intranasal injections reduce the lung viral load by 1.4 log10/mL, with very limited toxicity. In a mouse model, the encapsulated molecule is shown to prevent lung inflammation usually associated with COVID-19. This study, which will be submitted for publication shortly, lays the foundations for a post-infection therapy for the most vulnerable patients. Other results, non-included in the article, explore different NP formulations to influence and prolong drug release in vivo. A patent has been filed for this study in 2023.In conclusion, this work demonstrates the potential of PLGA NPs for the treatment of two of the deadliest infectious lung diseases currently, and offers prospects for future studies
Da, Silva Ophélie. "Structure de l'écosystème planctonique : apport des données à haut débit de séquençage et d'imagerie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS183.
Planktonic organisms are key actors in oceanic ecosystems, which support trophic networks and play a major role in biogeochemical cycles and climate regulation. While the spatio-temporal distribution of planktonic diversity can be investigated at several levels, from the gene to the ecosystem, identifying the underlying mechanisms is challenging. Indeed, the structure of diversity results from different evolutionary and ecological processes that can act simultaneously. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the oceanic environment has been increasingly monitored. Numerous observation platforms have been deployed, leading to the acquisition of a large amount of data for multiple environmental characteristics. At the same time, technologies for studying living organisms have been developed. Thus, an unprecedented sampling of planktonic organisms has taken place. In particular, high-throughput sequencing and imaging data provide molecular, taxonomic and functional information at several biological levels. The objective of this thesis was to explore the structure of planktonic ecosystems using high-throughput sequencing and imaging data. Coupling with environmental data could contribute to a better understanding of the spatial distribution of planktonic diversity, from species to communities. In the first part, the genetic diversity of protists was studied at the species level. The hypothesis was that metagenomics could provide access to the poorly characterized spatial organization of the intraspecific protist genetic diversity, as well as to the mechanisms underlying it. In a second part, the link between genetic diversity and functional diversity was explored. Transparency was targeted. This functional trait is little explored at the community level and its molecular basis is poorly identified. A data-driven approach allowed this trait to emerge from imaging data, leading to the exploration of its biogeography and molecular basis. In the last part, the high potential of complementarity between sequencing, imaging and environmental datasets was explored, in order to highlight the multi-scale structure of the planktonic ecosystem and to identify its global structure. Finally, all the results were discussed to highlight the contributions that these data can provide to the understanding of planktonic ecosystems, as well as the limitations they can face
Song, Ok-Ryul. "Criblage phénotypique d'une banque d'ARN interférents par microscopie haut-débit haut-contenu d'informations appliqué à l'identification de facteurs cellulaires impliqués dans la colonisation du pneumocyte par Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Angers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ANGE0012.
Cabillic, Marine. "Caractérisation de l'organisation et du trafic de paires récepteur/anticorps thérapeutiques par microscopie de localisation de molécules uniques couplée au criblage à haut débit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0026.
Immuno-oncology is a young and growing field at the frontier of cancer therapy. Immuno-oncology therapies aim to stimulate the body's immune system to target and attack the tumor through therapeutic antibodies, by binding and modifying the intracellular signaling of T-cells (lymphocytes playing a central role in the immune response) surface receptors. Understanding how the spatial organization of receptors and signaling proteins is regulated and how it determines lymphocyte activation and cell fate decisions has become a ‘holy grail’ for cellular immunology. To achieve this goal, a better comprehension of antibodies functions and subcellular trafficking is requested to explain the differential efficacies of therapeutic candidates targeting receptors of interest. Quantitative super-resolution microscopy provides access to the nanoscale organization of membrane receptors playing a physiological role. It offers a new investigation tool for antibody optimization as well as maximizing their functional efficacy. In combination with high throughput screening techniques, it has the potential to play a crucial role in the early phases of projects in which it is necessary to select the best antibodies from banks that may contain several hundred of them. The goal of this PhD thesis was to functionally characterize receptor/antibodies pairs organization and trafficking by quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) combined with high content screening (HCS). In this context, we have developed and used an HCS-SMLM platform to characterize multiple antibodies targeting T-cell membrane receptors, allowing gathering unprecedented quantitative insight of potential therapeutic candidates. We also optimized the single objective light-sheet microscope (soSPIM) to permit 3D mapping of membrane receptors across an entire T-cell, with single molecule resolution. It allows 3D nanoscale imaging of T-cells in more physiological conditions, and provide complementary information compared to large scale single molecule screening experiments. Altogether, these developments improved our comprehension of antibody mode of action on receptors at the single cell level. Large-scale experiments performed during this work required the development of several software for the automation of the acquisition and the statistical analysis of the Terabytes of single molecule data generated.This project is focused on targeting PD-1, a control point of the immune system involved in the modulation of immune cells activation. The first part of the thesis was mainly devoted to the implementation of new protocols for PD-1 receptors super-resolution imaging on activated Jurkat cells. In the second part, we further investigated the impact of known anti-PD-1 therapeutic antibodies used in clinics, on the nanoscale spatial organization and dynamics of PD-1 receptors in living cells using our HCS-SMLM platform. This work provides the proof of concept of the capacity of these cutting-edge imaging techniques to characterize quantitatively different therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 on T-cell membrane
Delisle, Jordan. "Du criblage par microscopie à haut débit à la caractérisation de nouvelles protéines impliquées dans la morphogenèse et la maintenance du génome chez Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0253.
Modern genomics has lead to an exponential increase in the number of available genomes, such that we can nolonger only use a "gene-by- gene" candidate approach to determine gene function. The team in which I did my Ph.D decided to develop a high-throughput fluorescencemicroscopy screening approach to analyze a mutant library of the model Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis at the single-cell level. The aim was to identify mutants altered in cellular processes such as morphogenesis, division andchromosome dynamics. This approach allowed us to identify 6 novel proteins involvedin these cellular processes, and during my thesis, I focused on two of them.The first candidate is TseB. Its absence leads to a morphological defect. Mutant cells are shorter and wider thanwild-type cells. Through genetic andbiochemical approaches, we showed that TseB belongs to the cell wall elongation machinery and directly interacts with PBP2A, a transpeptidase of this complex. Our data support the idea that TseB could induce a conformational change in PBP2A that would increase substrate affinity.My second project was the characterization of the TerA protein. When a ΔterA mutant is grown in minimummedium, cells exhibit a chromosome organization defect. We know that a terA mutant is more sensitive to theoxidative stress than the wild-type strain. Moreover, we showed that replication is blocked near the terminus region in theabsence of TerA. Our hypothesis is that TerA contributes to repair of DNA damages induced by oxidative stress. It mayrecruit specialized enzymes to these lesions
Jaouën, Alexandre. "Etablissement d'un protocole haut débit d'acquisition et d'analyse d'images pour les études précliniques par microscopie bi-photonique intravitale multispectrale : application à l'étude de la neuroinflammation provoquée par un modèle murin de sclérose en plaque." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0619/document.
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic auto-immune neurodegenerative disease characterized by the appearance of inflammatory plaques in the central nervous system. To characterize the innate immune response I have developed nonlinear optical tools for intravital multispectral imaging as well as semi-automated image processing solutions. I also contributed to the development of a flow cytometry protocol allowing the identification of immune cell phenotypes. Applied to study of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of MS, these tools have allowed to analyze the immune cascade thanks to immunolabelings and transgenic expression of fluorescence, describe the distributions of cell populations in the CNS with regard to neuron degeneration on time scales ranging from seconds to weeks. On a transgenic mouse line Thy1-CFP/Cd11c-EYFP/LysM-EGFP, I have followed by two-photon microscopy the evolution of fluorescent cells densities in the same area of the spinal cord for several weeks. I conclude that axonal degeneration and motor deficits are correlated with neutrophils and monocytes infiltration from the meninges. The monocytes differentiate in situ in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) along with the recruitment of activated microglia. These cellular events correlated with a stabilization/remission phase of the disease. MoDCS maturation thus seems involved in the dampening of inflammation. Methodology and tools are now set for further investigations with other models. The microscope optimization for multicolor excitation allowed me to access simultaneously to the endogenous CARS contrast to visualize the myelin sheath
Pauwels, Edouard. "Applications de l'apprentissage statistique à la biologie computationnelle." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00958432.
Gaudeau, Albane. "Conversion du cancer du sein triple-négatif par la modulation épigénétique Cell-Based siRNA Screens Highlight Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Epigenetic Vulnerability True Value of RNAi Screens Beyond On-Target Effects Du criblage à haut contenu à la déconvolution de cibles : nouvelle donne pour les approches phénotypiques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL048.
Research presented in this thesis manuscript is the result of a fruitful collaboration between my host company, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, my host laboratory, BioPhenics Laboratory at Institut Curie, and I, preparing my PhD at the doctoral school CBMS at Université Paris-Saclay. International partnerships also led to the generation of numerous data towards the same purpose: identifying novel therapeutic targets in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. TNBC is a breast cancer subtype characterized by its ER(Estrogen receptor)-, PR(Progesterone receptor)- and HER2(Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-negative phenotype, affecting almost 20% of breast cancer diagnosed women. In the absence of these receptors, patients cannot respond neither to hormone therapy nor anti-HER2 targeted therapies. While TNBC is enriched in cancer-stem cells (CSC) and epigenetic deregulations were identified in TNBC CSC signaling pathways, we supposed that epigenetic mechanisms could be modulated to result in two phenotypes : an impact on TNBC cell viability, and an impact on HER2 expression in order to sensitize cells to existing anti-HER2 therapies. To investigate these hypotheses, we performed siRNA functional genomics screening targeting 863 epigenetic modulators through high-throughput and high-content approaches. Although using siRNA represents a powerful approach, the risk of off-target effects is important. In order to reinforce on-target hits discovery and to prevent the identification of non-specific hits, various strategies were used for the two studies. While the identification of genes involved in HER2 expression is currently in progress, we identified 3 key genes for TNBC cell viability, including CHAF1A for which the role in TNBC cell viability was never revealed. Also, following bioinformatic analyses performed from viability data, off-target effects were considered as sources of potential hits, highlighting the potential of a new functional genomics screening approach
Challita, Jihane. "Study of the mechanisms reponsible for the cohesion of sister chromosomes in bacteria." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASL038.
During cell proliferation, the maintenance of genetic information is essential. In bacteria, replication and segregation are concomitant. Replication starts at the single, bidirectional origin of replication of bacterial chromosomes. Two replication arms are then defined, and replication ends in a region diametrically opposite to the origin, the terminus. As replication progresses, the newly replicated sister chromosomes migrate to opposite cell compartments. However, microscopic observations suggest that there is a delay between replication and segregation, and that this delay varies along the length of chromosomes. The delay between replication and segregation of the sister copies of a genomic position is referred to as sister chromatid cohesion. During my PhD, I used the high-resolution tool that allows for a genome-wide analysis of Sister Chromatid Cohesion (High-SC2) and studied the cohesion profile of the model organism Vibrio cholerae. It has been shown in E. coli that the cohesion responsible for the variation of segregation speed is modulated by Topoisomerase IV, a major decatenating enzyme. One of the identified partners of this decatenase is an SMC complex, MukBEF. Cells carrying a mukB deletion show a production of anucleate cells, and a mispositioned origin of replication. Chromosome segregation is impaired, and therefore sister chromatid cohesion is increased overall. The Topo IV-MukBEF interaction is regulated by MatP, which seems to displace MukBEF from the terminus of replication, facilitating the association of the MukBEF complex with the origin of replication. I therefore decided to investigate the role of MukB, in the formation of the long-range patterns of cohesion in V. cholerae. Using genetic approaches coupled with the High-SC2 assay, I demonstrated that the deletion of mukB leads to an increase in cohesion on Chr1, especially on its left replication arm, far from the origin. These results suggested that MukB does not preferentially act on specific regions and that the differential effect of the mukB deletion on Chr1 and Chr2 is probably linked to differences in their origin of replication and/or partition systems. Previous observations in the lab have in fact shown that a double deletion of MukB and ParAB1 leads to a strong phenotype, thus I investigated its effect on the cohesion profile. My results show an additional increase of cohesion in Chr1 near the ori, suggesting that the partitioning system acts on the decohesion of the ori domain while MukB acts on the chromosomal arms. In addition, it has been shown that MatP kept the sister-copies of the ter domain of Chr1 together until cell division. I used the Hi-SC2 assay to study its role in the increased cohesion of this region. I showed that MatP was responsible for the cohesion of the ter1 domain at cell division not behind the replication fork, unlike MukB. My results have also shown that it is the density of the matS sites located on the ter domain of each chromosome that influence the level of cohesion of these domains
Basso, Pauline. "Exolysine, un facteur de virulence majeur de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV063/document.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections associated with high mortality. The type III secretion system (T3SS) and T3SS-exported toxins have been considered as key infectivity virulence factors. Our team recently characterized a group of strains lacking T3SS, but employing a new pore-forming toxin of 172 kDa, named Exolysin (ExlA) that provokes cell membrane disruption. In this work we demonstrated that the ExlA secretion requires ExlB, a predicted outer membrane protein encoded in the same operon, showing that ExlA-ExlB define a new active Two-Partner Secretion (TPS) system. In addition to the TPS secretion signals, ExlA harbors several distinct domains, which comprise hemagglutinin domains, five Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid (RGD) motifs and a non-conserved C-terminal region lacking any identifiable sequence motifs. Cytotoxic assays showed that the deletion of the C-terminal region abolishes host-cell cytolysis. Using liposomes and eukaryotic cells, including red blood cells, we demonstrated that ExlA forms membrane pores of 1.6 nm. Based on a transposon mutagenesis strategy and a high throughput cellular live-dead screen, we identified additional bacterial factors required for ExlA-mediated cell lysis. Among 7 400 mutants, we identified three transposons inserted in genes encoding components of the Type IV pili, which are adhesive extracellular appendices. Type IV pili probably mediate close contact between bacteria and host cells and facilitate ExlA cytotoxic activity. These findings represent the first example of cooperation between a pore-forming toxin of the TPS family and surface appendages to achieve host cell intoxication. Using mice primary bone marrow macrophages we showed that ExlA pores provoke activation of Caspase-1 via the NLRP3-inflamasomme followed by the maturation of the pro-interleukin-1ß. Mining of microbial genomic databases revealed the presence of exlA-like genes in other Pseudomonas species rarely associated with human infections P. putida, P. protegens and P. entomophila. Interestingly, we showed that these environmental bacteria are also able to provoke Caspase-1 cleavage and pro-inflammatory cell death of macrophages. Finally, genome-wide loss-of-function CRISPR/cas9 RAW library screen revealed that several components of the immune system response, indirectly linked to Caspase-1 are involved in the ExlA-mediated cell lysis. Moreover, we found at least three sgRNAs targeting miRNA, mir-741 were highly enriched in resistant macrophages challenged by ExlA. This miRNA regulates enzymes (St8sIa1 and Agpat5) in the sphingolipids and glycerophololipids biosynthesis pathways, suggesting that ExlA activity may require proper lipid environment