Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microscopic extension

Academic literature on the topic 'Microscopic extension'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Microscopic extension"

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Song, T., X. H. Wang, and L. M. Yang. "Microscopic Extension of IBM Beyond Valence Shells." Communications in Theoretical Physics 9, no. 4 (June 1988): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/9/4/437.

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Kobraei, H. R., and B. R. Anderson. "Extension of microscopic theory of nucleation to macroscopic clusters." Journal of Chemical Physics 94, no. 1 (January 1991): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460325.

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Yamada, Erika, Hiroyoshi Akutsu, Hiroyoshi Kino, Shuho Tanaka, Hidetaka Miyamoto, Takuma Hara, Masahide Matsuda, Shingo Takano, Akira Matsumura, and Eiichi Ishikawa. "Combined simultaneous endoscopic endonasal and microscopic transventricular surgery using a port retractor system for giant pituitary adenoma: A technical case report." Surgical Neurology International 12 (March 8, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_826_2020.

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Background: We report a case of a giant pituitary adenoma with marked extension into the third ventricle that was successfully removed using combined simultaneous endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) and microscopic transventricular port surgery. Case Description: A 47-year-old woman, who complained of memory disturbance, had a giant pituitary adenoma with marked extension into the third ventricle that was causing obstructive hydrocephalus. She underwent combined EES and microscopic transventricular surgery using a port retractor system. Most of the tumor was resected from the EES side with assistance from the transcranial side with minimum cortical trajectory damage. The tumor was completely excised without any complications. Conclusion: For giant pituitary adenoma with marked extension into the third ventricle, combined simultaneous EES and transventricular surgery using a port retractor system is effective to maximize the extent of tumor resection while also preventing complications. Using port surgery on the transcranial side, microscopic secure dissection is possible with minimum additional cortical damage.
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Hoffman, Mitchel S., Sivaselvi Gunesakaran, Hector Arango, Steven DeCesare, James V. Fiorica, Michael Parsons, and Denis Cavanagh. "Lateral Microscopic Extension of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva." Gynecologic Oncology 73, no. 1 (April 1999): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gyno.1998.5271.

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Cao, Bing-Yang, Miroslav Grmela, Zeng-Yuan Guo, Yu-Chao Hua, and Ben-Dian Nie. "Two Temperature Extension of Phonon Hydrodynamics." Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 45, no. 3 (July 26, 2020): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2020-0029.

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AbstractPhonon hydrodynamics uses the fields of the total energy and the heat flux as state variables. We extend it by promoting the microscopic internal energy field into the status of an extra independent state variable. The governing equations of both the phonon and the extended (two temperature) phonon hydrodynamics are formulated as particular realizations of the abstract GENERIC equation. Such unified formulation makes both theories manifestly compatible with mechanics and thermodynamics. Also differences and similarities (in the physical content, in the mathematical structure, and in qualitative properties of solutions) between the two heat transfer theories, as well as their mutual compatibility, become manifestly displayed.
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Tohsaki, Akihiro. "New microscopic model for dilute alpha-gas states and its extension." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 321 (September 16, 2011): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/321/1/012032.

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Iwasawa, T., Yukichi Tanaka, Noriko Aida, Shigeharu Okuzumi, Hirokazu Nishihira, and Gen Nishimura. "Microscopic intraosseous extension of osteosarcoma: assessment on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI." Skeletal Radiology 26, no. 4 (April 16, 1997): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050224.

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Salguero, F. J., J. Belderbos, J. Stroom, and J. J. Sonke. "Significance of Microscopic Disease Extension in Regional Control of Lung Cancer." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 84, no. 3 (November 2012): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.088.

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QUEK, MARCUS L., JOHN P. STEIN, PETER E. CLARK, SIAMAK DANESHMAND, GUS MIRANDA, JIE CAI, SUSAN GROSHEN, et al. "Microscopic and Gross Extravesical Extension in Pathological Staging of Bladder Cancer." Journal of Urology 171, no. 2 (February 2004): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000108664.39035.51.

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Johnson, G. A., G. A. Livesay, S. L.-Y. Woo, and K. R. Rajagopal. "A Single Integral Finite Strain Viscoelastic Model of Ligaments and Tendons." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 118, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795963.

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A general continuum model for the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of soft biological tissues was formulated. This single integral finite strain (SIFS) model describes finite deformation of a nonlinearly viscoelastic material within the context of a three-dimensional model. The specific form describing uniaxial extension was obtained, and the idea of conversion from one material to another (at a microscopic level) was then introduced to model the nonlinear behavior of ligaments and tendons. Conversion allowed different constitutive equations to be used for describing a single ligament or tendon at different strain levels. The model was applied to data from uniaxial extension of younger and older human patellar tendons and canine medial collateral ligaments. Model parameters were determined from curve-fitting stress-strain and stress-relaxation data and used to predict the time-dependent stress generated by cyclic extensions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microscopic extension"

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Knapp, Stephan [Verfasser]. "Stochastic Extensions of Production and Pedestrian Models: Microscopic and Macroscopic Approaches / Stephan Knapp." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1166482766/34.

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Ueda, Maho. "Combined multiphoton imaging and biaxial tissue extension for quantitative analysis of geometric fiber organization in human reticular dermis." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253178.

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Maigné, Alan. "Caractérisation et modélisation par microscopie électronique en transmission à balayage (STEM) et spectroscopie de perte d’énergie d’électrons (EELS) de « nanohorns » de carbone monofeuillet fonctionnalisés pour des applications pharmaceutiques Review of recent advances in spectrum imaging and its extension to reciprocal space Revealing the Secret of Water-Assisted Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Microscopic Observation of the Interaction of Water on the Catalysts Role of Subsurface Diffusion and Ostwald Ripening in Catalyst Formation for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth Effect of hole size on the incorporation of C60 molecules inside single-wall carbon nanohorns and their release Adsorption Phenomena of Tetracyano-p-quinodimethane on Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns Carbon Nanohorns as Anticancer Drug Carriers Effect of Functional Groups at Hole Edges on Cisplatin Release from Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns Optimum Hole-Opening Condition for Cisplatin Incorporation in Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns and Its Release Functionalization of Carbon Nanohorns with Azomethine Ylides: Towards Solubility Enhancement and Electron-Transfer Processes Aqueous carbon nanohorn–pyrene–porphyrin nanoensembles: Controlling charge-transfer interactions Photoinduced Electron Transfer on Aqueous Carbon Nanohorn–Pyrene– Tetrathiafulvalene Architectures Soluble Functionalized Carbon Nanohorns." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS600.

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La caractérisation et modélisation de « nanohorns » monofeuillets (SWNH) et de forêts de nanotubes par microscopie analytique sont présentées ainsi que leurs applications pour le traitement du cancer. Dans une première partie, nous introduirons les méthodes de microscopie et de spectroscopie utilisées dans nos expériences. Nous étudierons ensuite le processus de croissance de forêts de nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets (dans le contexte d’une collaboration avec l'AIST au Japon). Les SWNH, leur structure, propriétés de remplissage et de fonctionnarisation seront analysés et une nouvelle méthode sera présentée pour l'étude de la porosité de matériaux inorganique en EELS. Des calculs ab-initio seront aussi utilisés pour étudier l'effet des défauts dans les parois des SWNH sur les phénomènes d'oxydation et de remplissage des SWNH. Finalement, nous étudierons les possibles applications de SWNH dans le domaine pharmaceutique, et en particulier pour les traitements cancéreux
In this manuscript, we will expose the characterization and modelling of Single Wall Nanohorns (SWNH) and Nanotube Forests by analytical microscopy and the functionalization of SWNH for drug delivery applications. Firstly, we will introduce the microscopy and spectroscopy methods used for our experiments. We will then study the growth process of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) forests (within the framework of a collaboration with AIST, Japan). SWCH, their structure, modifications and filling properties will be analysed in details. An original method will be presented to study the porosity of inorganic material with EELS. Ab initio calculation will also be used to explore the effect of the defects present in the SWNH wall on the oxidation and filling process. We will study the potentialities of Single Wall Carbon nanohorns as Drug Delivery Systems and particularly as anticancer drug carriers
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Hamrang, Zahra. "The application of image analysis extensions to processes of relevance to drug development." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-application-of-image-analysis-extensions-to-processes-of-relevance-to-drug-development(f68f0163-980d-4954-8fe9-a8a0f6ec5466).html.

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In the past forty years advancements in fluorescence-based methods including imaging (e.g. confocal and multi-photon) and quantitative spectroscopies (e.g. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy) have been applied to systems ranging from solutions to in vivo models: such methods possess the ability to monitor fluorescence intensity fluctuations and offer the potential to unravel biophysical and biochemical phenomena. A major disadvantage associated with these methods is their ever-increasing cost resulting in the development of image analysis tools that offer the potential to exploit hidden information contained in confocal images.The hypothesis pertaining to this thesis is that image analysis tools developed in recent years exemplified by Raster Image Correlation Spectroscopy (RICS), Spatial Intensity Distribution Analysis (SpIDA) and Fluorescence Intensity Gaussian Mixture Model Analysis (FIGMMA) will provide a new insight into current pharmaceutical problems. The application of these methods to the quantification of protein aggregation, monomer/dimer equilibria, p-glycoprotein efflux activity and transcytosis are presented in this thesis.Protein aggregation poses a major challenge to the biotechnology industry which currently lacks analytical capabilities to profile broad particle size ranges. An in-house RICS (ManICS) software was validated against Dynamic Light Scattering and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) to determine Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) aggregate population distributions under accelerated stability conditions. Initial stages implicated in the growth of aggregates are vital to the mechanistic assessment of protein aggregation. Hence, real-time in situ examination of monomer loss and aggregation of BSA was performed at 50 °C to enable continuous assessment with imaging and subsequent SpIDA analysis. Results obtained from this study suggested reversible fluctuation between monomers and dimers for up to four hours.To correlate membrane receptor and transporter expression with activity and enable the comparison of expression in multiple cell lines, population densities of p-glycoprotein transporters and transferrin receptors were determined using SpIDA in samples subjected to immunofluorescence labelling.The Calcein retention assay is a routine approach to determining multidrug resistance associated with p-glcoprotein efflux and the traditional plate reader approach omits microscopic aspects of p-glycoprotein Calcein-AM uptake and efflux. Confocal microscopy and data obtained from image analyses supported the subcellular and intercellular assessment of Calcein accumulation in MDR1-transfected and control cell lines as a function of time and verapamil concentration. Finally, live cell imaging of transferrin vesicular transport and Cell TraceTM Calcein red-orange AM internalisation in combination with traditional Transwell® assays were assessed to compare their transcellular transport and intracellular concentrations in multiple cell lines. Images obtained enabled visualisation of internalisation and following analysis using SpIDA, RICS and FIGMMA the number of intracellular vesicles and dynamic parameters of Cell TraceTM Calcein red-orange diffusion and intracellular concentration were determined.In conclusion, image analysis tools were applied to providing new parametric insights into a number of pharmaceutically-relevant processes and in some instances this is the first example of such studies. Despite current phenomenal advances in image acquisition capabilities, there remains a broad scope for the validation of image analysis tools and their application to a multitude of areas of interest to pharmaceutical and biomolecular research.
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Murata, Teruasa. "Three-dimensional evaluation of subclinical extension of extramammary Paget’s disease: Visualization of histological border and its comparison to clinical border." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225470.

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Guilbert, Sébastien René Charles. "Les cellules solaires photovoltaiques : optimisation et extension des cellules au silicium amorphe : préparation à l'introduction de nouvelles technologies." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-363.pdf.

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Parmi les énergies renouvelables, on rencontre l'énergie photovoltai͏̈que. Les cellules solaires sont en général constitués de silicium qui peut être sous la forme amorphe ou cristalline avec la forme amorphe beaucoup moins onéreuse que la forme cristalline. La société Free Energy Europe produit des cellules solaires au silicium amorphe. Dans le procédé de fabrication, le silicium amorphe est directement déposé sur un substrat de verre recouvert de SnO2. A mon arrivée au sein de cette entreprise, il existait un certain nombre de dysfonctionnements dans le procédé de fabrication engendrant 25% de rejets. La mise en évidence et la résolution de tous ces problèmes ont permis de faire descendre ce nombre de rejets en dessous de 5%. Ensuite, le travail de recherche a été mené dans le but d'optimiser les caractéristiques initiales mais aussi stabilisées (suite à l'effet Staebler-Wronski) des cellules solaires.
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Roszko, Isabelle. "Morphogenèse du système nerveux central : analyse par imagerie confocale et identification du rôle clé joué par la GTPase RhoA dans les divisions des progéniteurs neuraux chez le poulet." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066316.

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Harris, Alan C. Jr. "N-methyl 4-methyl amphetamine N-alkyl chain extension differentially affects ion flux at the human dopamine and norepinephrine transporters." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4440.

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Amphetamine (AMPH) and its derivatives embody a remarkable breadth of pharmacology. These molecules exert their effects, both therapeutic and pathological, at the human monoamine transporters, which tune synaptic dynamics by evacuating monoamine neuromodulators from the synapse subsequent to neuronal impulses. These transporters are electrogenic, and the transporter-mediated current can be correlated to a surrogate measure of the change in membrane voltage: Ca++ currents from co-transfected L-type Ca++ channels. The present work makes use of this assay, with which it is possible to derive pharmacodynamic metrics from both substrates and inhibitors. This work presents data on a heretofore-unstudied class of amphetamine analogs: the enantiomers of N-Me 4-Me AMPH and N-Et 4-Me AMPH. Remarkably, while both enantiomers of the N-Me version of this compound function as substrates at hDAT, both enantiomers of the N-Et version are inhibitors. This switch does not occur at hNET, where all enantiomers of both N-Me and N-Et 4-Me AMPH function as substrates. Further, (S)-N-Et 4-Me AMPH is a substrate at dDAT. EC50 and IC50 values for all drugs at both transporters are presented. I present the results of super-resolution microscopic co-localization studies on the plasmalemmal spatial relation of the human dopamine transporter and voltage gated calcium channel, L-type 1.2 (CaV1.2). I discuss future aims toward a unified understanding of the mechanisms of monoamine transporter function, with an emphasis on what amphetamine can illuminate in this regard.
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Ebai, Tonge. "Development of Enhanced Molecular Diagnostic Tools for Protein Detection and Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylära verktyg, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320380.

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Improved diagnosis, prognosis and disease follow-up is a fundamental procedure and a constant challenge in medicine.  Among the different molecular biomarkers, proteins are the essential regulatory component in blood; hence, by developing enhanced specific and sensitive molecular tools will gives great insight into the different processes in disease treatment.  In this thesis, we build on the proximity ligation assay to develop and apply new adaptable methods to facilitate protein detection. In paper I, I present a variant of the proximity ligation assay (we call PLARCA) using micro titer plate for detection and quantification of protein using optical density as readout in the fluorometer. PLARCA detected femtomolar levels of these proteins in patient samples, which was considerably below the detection threshold for ELISA. In paper II, we developed and adapted a new method into the in situ PLA methods for detection and identification of extracellular vesicles (EVs) using flow cytometry as readout (a method we call ExoPLA).  We identified five target proteins on the surface of the Evs and using three colors, we identified the EV using flow cytometer. In paper III, we aim to improve the efficiency of in situ PLA by creating and developing new designs and versions of the assay we called Unfold probes Through comparison of detection of protein using in situ PLA versus Unfold probes, we observed considerable decrease in non-specific signals, and also a lower detection threshold. In paper IV, we describe the development of a solid phase proximity extension (sp-PEA) assay for protein detection and quantification. We compared detection of IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-6 using spPEA and PEA; spPEA demonstrations over 2 orders of magnitudes in the lower detection concentrations by decreased in background noise.
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Cuerrier, Charles M. "Modulation des propriétés mécaniques de cellules stimulées par l'angiotensine II, la thrombine et la bradykinine implications vasculaires." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4308.

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Les fonctions vasculaires sont régulées par diverses stimulations biochimiques ou mécaniques qui activent les différentes cellules composant les vaisseaux sanguins.Les réponses cellulaires qui en résultent peuvent impliquer une réorganisation du cytosquelette, des changements morphologiques, l'expression de protéines membranaires ou la libération de nombreux médiateurs. Tous ces événements sont susceptibles d'influencer les propriétés mécaniques des cellules. Ainsi, le but de la présente étude est de déterminer l'impact de l'activation de certains récepteurs au niveau des propriétés mécaniques des cellules, des modifications qui pourraient avoir de fortes implications au niveau vasculaire. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé deux approches expérimentales permettant d'évaluer des changements morphologiques et mécaniques de très faible amplitude : la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) et la résonance des plasmons de surface (SPR). Nous avons ainsi étudié les effets de l'activation des récepteurs de l'angiotensine II, la thrombine et la bradykinine sur la morphologie et les propriétés mécaniques de modèles cellulaires importants dans l'étude des fonctions vasculaires. Nous avons observé que l'activation du récepteur AT[indice inférieur 1] pour l'angiotensine II induit une réponse mécanique transitoire qui se traduit par une contraction du corps cellulaire, une augmentation du module d'élasticité de la cellule et une diminution de l'intégrité de l'épithélium. Quant à l'activation du récepteur PAR-1 pour la thrombine et du récepteur B[indice inférieur 2] pour la bradykinine, celle-ci provoque aussi une modification de la rigidité des cellules, mais de façon soutenue dans le temps. Ces deux agonistes augmentent aussi l'interaction entre la membrane et le cytosquelette, un phénomène observé par l'augmentation des forces requises pour l'étirement de la membrane cellulaire. Ainsi, la présente étude montre qu'une cellule peut subir des modifications importantes au niveau de ses propriétés mécaniques suivant son activation par différents agonistes, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences directes sur certaines fonctions physiologiques dépendantes des propriétés mécaniques des vaisseaux. En effet, ces changements observés au niveau de la cellule pourraient, entre autres, contribuer au contrôle du diamètre et de la compliance des capillaires, à l'adhésion des cellules inflammatoires ainsi que modifier la perception de stimuli mécaniques par les cellules endothéliales.
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Books on the topic "Microscopic extension"

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Zinn-Justin, Jean. Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena. 5th ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.001.0001.

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Introduced as a quantum extension of Maxwell's classical theory, quantum electrodynamic (QED) has been the first example of a quantum field theory (QFT). Eventually, QFT has become the framework for the discussion of all fundamental interactions at the microscopic scale except, possibly, gravity. More surprisingly, it has also provided a framework for the understanding of second order phase transitions in statistical mechanics. In fact, as hopefully this work illustrates, QFT is the natural framework for the discussion of most systems involving an infinite number of degrees of freedom with local couplings. These systems range from cold Bose gases at the condensation temperature (about ten nanokelvin) to conventional phase transitions (from a few degrees to several hundred) and high energy particle physics up to a TeV, altogether more than twenty orders of magnitude in the energy scale. Therefore, although excellent textbooks about QFT had already been published, I thought, many years ago, that it might not be completely worthless to present a work in which the strong formal relations between particle physics and the theory of critical phenomena are systematically emphasized. This option explains some of the choices made in the presentation. A formulation in terms of field integrals has been adopted to study the properties of QFT. The language of partition and correlation functions has been used throughout, even in applications of QFT to particle physics. Renormalization and renormalization group (RG) properties are systematically discussed. The notion of effective field theory (EFT) and the emergence of renormalizable theories are described. The consequences for fine-tuning and triviality issue are emphasized. This fifth edition has been updated and fully revised.
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Yang, Jinlong, and Qunxiang Li. Theoretical simulations of scanning tunnelling microscope images and spectra of nanostructures. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.15.

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This article presents theoretical simulations of scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) images and spectra of nanostructures. It begins with an overview of the theories of STM and scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS), focusing on four main approaches: the perturbation or Bardeen approach, the Tersoff–Hamann approach and its extension, the scattering theory or Landauer–Bütticker approach, and the non-equilibrium Green's function or Keldysh approach. It then considers conventional STM and STS experimental investigations of various systems including clean surfaces, ad-atoms, single molecules, self-assembled monolayers, and nanostructures. It also discusses STM activities that go beyond conventional STM images and STS, such as functionalized STM tip, inelastic spectroscopy identification, manipulation, molecular electronics and molecular machines.
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Sybert, Virginia P. Genetic Skin Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190276478.001.0001.

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This book is a readable, reliable guide to the diagnosis and differential of inherited skin disorders to which generalists, paediatricians, dermatologists, and geneticists can refer during an examination. The new edition reflects the most up-to-date understanding of the molecular and genetic bases of heritable skin diseases. Each chapter describes the signs and symptoms of heritable skin diseases and enumerates pertinent associated clinical features and differential diagnoses. Non-dermatological signs are symptoms round out the information on each condition. Where appropriate, descriptions of histopathology at both the light and electron microscopic levels are included. Over 800 full-colour photographs illustrate the concepts discussed in the text. Annotated bibliographies at the end of each section direct readers to more extensive sources, and an updated listing of support groups for patients and their families supplements the resources for medical professionals.
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Visweswara Rao, Pasupuleti, Balam Satheesh Krishna, and Mohammad Saffree Jeffree, eds. Coronaviruses Transmission, Frontliners, Nanotechnology and Economy. UMS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/coronavirusesdrraoums2021.

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Coronaviruses are the viruses which cause different types of diseases in humans and animals. They belong to Coronaviridae family. Coronaviruses have unique shape which consists of spiked rings and sometimes to deal with them is a tough task. They are the tiny organisms which can only be seen under the microscopes. Even though the corona viruses exist in nature since decades, however the seriousness is only seen with the pandemic SARS-CoV II or COVID-19. It has taken so many lives away and the loss of various businesses. Keeping in view these situations, the authors and editors try to bring few of the important aspects together and compiled this book. The transmissions occur through different means and the vaccines are under production by various giant companies. Second chapter deals with animals as sources of transmitting agents to spread corona virus. Up to date the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes 7 species of coronaviruses that infect humans, with the earliest known species identified in the mid-1960s. The known human coronaviruses are 229E (alpha coronavirus), NL63 (alpha coronavirus), OC43 (beta coronavirus), HKU1 (beta coronavirus), MERS-CoV (causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, MERS), SARS-CoV (causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (causes the coronavirus disease also in 2019, also known as COVID-19). Third chapter dealt with risk assessment for front liners during COVID-19 pandemic and clearly explained about the risk assessment factors. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontline of treating patients infected with COVID-19. However, data related to its infection rate among HCWs are limited. Chapter 4 deals with the nanotechnology and its applications on viral diseases. Nanobiotechnology is science of nanoparticle synthesis by using biotechnological applications in biology, physics, engineering, drug delivery, diagnostics, and chemistry. The use of metal/ polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery systems has become extensive in last two decades. The commercialization of developed novel nanoparticles/drug loaded polymeric nanoparticles delivery systems are required to eradicate virus with improved safety measures in the humans with affordable cost. Chapter 5 mainly focused on the impact of COVID -19 on China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and India. The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic is an unprecedented shock to the Emerging economies. The evidence reported in various studies indicates that epidemic disease impacts on a country's economy through several channels, including the health, transportation, agricultural and tourism sectors. In the chapter 6, the authors discussed the psychological response, ranges from adaptive to maladaptive spectrum. We wish to express our gratitude to all the authors and contributors from Malaysia, Indonesia, and India for readily accepting our invitation and timely contributions without any delay. We greatly appreciate their commitment. We also thank Universiti Malaysia Sabah and Universitas Abdurrab for the great collaboration and collaborative efforts.
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Book chapters on the topic "Microscopic extension"

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McLeod, Donald S. A. "Papillary Thyroid Cancer with Microscopic Extra-thyroidal Extension." In Thyroid Cancer, 41–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61919-0_6.

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Haddad, Y. M. "Extension of the phenomenological theory of viscoelasticity to include microscopic effects." In Viscoelasticity of Engineering Materials, 301–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1272-7_10.

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Abe, Steffen, Peter Mora, and David Place. "Extension of the Lattice Solid Model to Incorporate Temperature Related Effects." In Microscopic and Macroscopic Simulation: Towards Predictive Modelling of the Earthquake Process, 1867–87. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7695-7_4.

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Taylor, Michael. "Further Extensions." In Quantum Microscopy of Biological Systems, 169–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18938-3_13.

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Wickramasinghe, H. K. "STM and AFM extensions (Abstract)." In Scanning Microscopy, 187. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84810-0_13.

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Dingley, David J. "Extension of Orientation Mapping to the Transmission Electron Microscope." In Materials Science Forum, 225–30. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-975-x.225.

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Taylor-Pirie, Emilie. "Microbial Empires: Active Transmission Strategies and Postcolonial Critique." In Empire Under the Microscope, 205–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84717-3_6.

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AbstractIn this chapter Taylor-Pirie illuminates how the microbiological imagination made its mark on anxious imperial fictions by close reading H. G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds (1898) and John Masefield’s Multitude and Solitude (1909) alongside parasitologists’ characterisations of parasite-vector-host relationships. The anthropocentric semantics of war, violence, and criminality characterised tropical illness as another form of colonial insurrection, bolstering the biopolitical power of medicine as an extension of the disciplinary law-and-order state. She interrogates the collision of the ‘medicine as war’ metaphor with a medicalised concept of ‘the Other’ to think through biomedical and national identity—as well as the discomforting agency of non-human vectors—in Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897), H. P. Lovecraft and Hazel Heald’s ‘Wingéd Death’ (1934), and the poetry and correspondence of parasitologists. Taylor-Pirie examines how vengeful insects, alien invasions, microbial villains, and the supernatural gave shape to the anxiety that Britain’s geopolitical relationships were immersing the imperial capital in a global marketplace of pathogens. By excavating the medical and political contexts of popular cultural forms like the vampire, she historicises lexes of contagion and parasitism that persist in contemporary political discourse surrounding immigration.
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Dubois, Arnaud. "Chapter 13 Technological Extensions of Full-Field Optical Coherence Microscopy for Multicontrast Imaging." In Handbook of Full-Field Optical Coherence Microscopy, 467–518. Penthouse Level, Suntec Tower 3, 8 Temasek Boulevard, Singapore 038988: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315364889-14.

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Szoszkiewicz, Robert. "Force-Extension and Force-Clamp AFM Spectroscopies in Investigating Mechanochemical Reactions and Mechanical Properties of Single Biomolecules." In Scanning Probe Microscopy in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 395–423. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03535-7_12.

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Hamacher, Joachim, Rainer Giersiepen, and Monika Heupel. "Suitability of Electron Microscopy for Routine Diagnosis of Plant Virus Diseases in Extension Service." In Developments in Plant Pathology, 307–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0043-1_64.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microscopic extension"

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Matsumoto, Kazuya, Yusuke Morita, and Eiji Nakamachi. "Development of Hybrid Electromagnetic and Mechanical Stimulation System for Enhancement of Nerve Axonal Extension." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65593.

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Recently, the electromagnetic and mechanical stimulation have been recognized as the effective extracellular environmental factor to enhance the defected peripheral nerve tissue regeneration. We designed and fabricated a bioreactor device, which can load the uniform AC magnetic field (ACMF) and the uniform tensile strain to stimulate PC12 nerve cell. For ACMF stimulation system, we used the pole piece structure to enable the uniform ACMF and in-situ microscopic observation. We confirmed the uniformity of magnetic field in the experiments. Further, the uniform strain in the stretch stimulation device was confirmed, even a slightly deviation from the designed strain was observed. It was a negligible small error. Next, we validated the effectiveness of PC12 axonal extension enhancement by two stimulation methodologies, ACMF and the cyclic stretch, under individual and combined stimulation conditions. ACMF showed a best enhancement effect on axonal extension, such as 70 μm at 96 h culture period, which rate is larger than the case of control. On the other hand, the stretch stimulation caused the exfoliation of cells. Hybrid stimulation succeeded to inhibit the exfoliation. However, the extensional rate was less than the case of ACMF. These results can be used to fabricate a bioreactor of nerve cell regeneration.
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Barrio, AV, S. Downs-Canner, HS Cody, KJ Van Zee, ML Gemignani, M. Pilewskie, G. Plitas, et al. "Abstract PD8-01: Microscopic extracapsular extension in sentinel lymph nodes does not mandate axillary dissection in Z0011-eligible patients." In Abstracts: 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 4-8, 2018; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd8-01.

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Kim, Dal Sun, Sia Nemat-Nasser, and Yun Seon Kim. "Preliminary Study of Alternative Material Development of Ballistic Attributes." In ISTFA 1998. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1998p0093.

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Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the performance of tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) susceptible to adiabatic shear failures and to identify the microscopic findings of shear band and its effect on the engineering behavior. Experimental results show that the binder-phase (Fe-Ni) and tungsten particles (W) have the high work-hardening rate at low-strain-rate compression (10-3 /sec). Thermal softening behavior is dominant at high-strain-rate (> 103 /sec), and this material is relatively insensitive to strain rate in the range of 3000 - 5000 /sec. The microscopic analysis by SEM reveals that most fractures in the shear band are intergranular where the Fe-Ni matrix has the least resistance to fracture. Transgranular fracture is also observed, but not significantly. With the constant strain rate, no shear band was observed under 30% compressive strain, whereas the extensive shear band was formed at the 50% strain with significant crack formation along the shear band zone and extends through the specimen thickness forming a cone shape inclined at an angle 40° to 50° to the loading direction. The measured surface temperature of the 40%-strained specimen is approximately 250 °C using high speed infrared temperature technique. A significant decrease in the ultrasonic velocities is measured with extension of the shear band.
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Kuroda, S. "Properties and Characterization of Thermal Sprayed Coatings and a Review of Recent Research Progress." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0539.

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Abstract Some of the recent research progress concerning the structure and properties of thermal sprayed coatings are reviewed. Structures of coatings are classified into three classes of hierarchy, i.e., layer structures, inter-splat structures and intra-splat structures. Important progress in the study and coatings development in each class is described. These include coatings developed to take advantage of the microstructure due to rapid solidification, such as amorphous and extension of solid state solubility, and characterization of porosity and how it is affected by process parameters. Then, stress generation during thermal spray is compared between plasma spray and HVOF spray. Particular attention is given to the importance of thermal and mechanical interactions of sprayed particles with the substrate and coating surface, which determine the nature of interlamellar bonding and that of microscopic stress.
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Oates, William S. "Multiscale Constitutive Model Development and Finite Element Implementation for Magnetostrictive Materials." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41801.

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A multiscale constitutive model is developed and applied to magnetostrictive materials to predict multi-axial ferromagnetic switching. The modeling framework is an extension of a one-dimensional homogenized energy model that employs a stochastic distribution of localized magnetic moments. Here, the model is extended to multi-axial ferromagnetic switching in a polycrystalline ferromagnetic material. A mean-field approximation is adopted to quantify ferromagnetic switching from multi-axial magnetic field loading at the single crystal length scale. Polycrystalline ferromagnetic behavior is modeled by homogenizing stochastic distributions of underlying microscopic fields associated with material inhomogeneities at the grain length scale. Approximations of the stochastic distributions are made to improve computational efficiency for finite element implementation. The constitutive model is numerically validated and implemented in the commercial finite element software, COMSOL.
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Huang, Ching-Wei, Vishal Srikanth, Haodong Li, and Andrey V. Kuznetsov. "Effect of Microscopic Vortices Caused by Flow Interaction With Solid Obstacles on Heat Transfer in Turbulent Porous Media Flows." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4617.

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Abstract Turbulent flow in a homogeneous porous medium was investigated through the use of numerical methods by employing the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling technique. The focus of our research was to study how microscopic vortices in porous media flow influence the heat transfer from the solid obstacles comprising the porous medium to the fluid. A Representative Elementary Volume (REV) with 4 × 4 cylindrical obstacles and periodic boundary conditions was used to represent the infinite porous medium structure. Our hypothesis is that the rate of heat transfer between the obstacle surface and the fluid (qavg) is strongly influenced by the size of the contact area between the vortices and the solid obstacles in the porous medium (Avc). This is because vortices are regions with low velocity that form an insulating layer on the surface of the obstacles. Factors such as the porosity (φ), Pore Scale Reynolds number (Rep), and obstacle shape of the porous medium were investigated. All three of these factors have different influences on the contact area Avc, and, by extension, the overall heat transfer rate qavg. Under the same Pore Scale Reynolds number (Rep), our results suggest that a higher overall heat transfer rate is exhibited for smaller contact areas between the vortices and the obstacle surface. Although the size of the contact area, Avc, is affected by Rep, the direct influence of Rep on the overall heat transfer rate qavg is much stronger, and exceeds the effect of Avc on qavg. The Pore Scale Reynolds number, Rep, and the mean Nusselt number, Num, have a seemingly logarithmic relationship.
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Hu, Dianyin, Jianxing Mao, Rongqiao Wang, Jun Song, and Xiyuan Wang. "A Probabilistic Simulation of Grain Size Effect on Small Crack Growth in a Nickel Based Superalloy." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65189.

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Considerable efforts have been conducted on the modeling of fatigue crack growth (FCG), aiming at an accurate prediction of fatigue life. However, due to the influence of microstructure, it is still challenging to describe FCG behavior, especially for small cracks. The FCG exhibits obvious variation at small crack growth procedure. In this regard, a probabilistic model by integrating N-R model is proposed to simulate the FCG process at stage I. The concerned material is nickel based superalloy GH4169. The proposed model involves both macroscopic and microscopic material parameters for the extension of dislocation with the impediment from grain boundary. Random grain size is represented by the fluctuation of FCG rate. Model validation is performed by comparing the simulation results and experimental data. It is revealed that the dependence tends to be less prominent on longer crack length, smaller grain size and higher applied stress.
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Hillman, Elizabeth. "High speed volumetric imaging with SCAPE microscopy: Extensions and applications." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.389.

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Dong, Yuan, Bing-Yang Cao, and Zeng-Yuan Guo. "Heat Conduction Law in Dielectric Nanosystems Based on the Thermomass Theory." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58223.

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In this paper a general heat conduction law has been proposed based on the thermomass theory, which can be derived from the Boltzmann equation for phonons in dielectrics. The Boltzmann equation for phonons gives a balance between the drift and friction parts of the distribution function. When the normal scattering term is omitted in the friction part, the Fourier’s law and Cattaneo-Vernotte thermal wave equation can be obtained by the zeroth order and first order approximations of the drift term, respectively. A second order approximation of the drift part lead to the thermomass theory based general heat conduction law, which is a nonlocal damped heat wave equation and consists of driving, inertial and resistant forces for phonon gas motion. In nanosystems, the normal scattering term of the friction part reflecting the boundary effect is required and induces a Laplacian term in governing equations by solving the phonon Boltzmann equation. A general law containing the viscosity of the thermomass fluid is obtained in analogy with the Brinkman extension in porous hydrodynamics. The general law is then applied to investigate the effective thermal conductivity of a nanosystem, which covers the effect of the ultra-high heat flux and the boundary confinement and scattering. The present research not only presents a powerful heat conduction law for heat transport in nanosystems, but also bridges the microscopic Boltzmann transport equation and the macroscopic gas dynamics of phonons in terms of the thermomass theory.
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Kitamura, Kazuhiro, and I. L. Maksimov. "Temperature-Dependent Micro-Crack Propagation." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2733.

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The crack-lattice trapping phenomenon introduce by R. Thomson et al[1] is studied for the conditions of the Frenkel-Kontrova-type experiment. By using a new method, which allows further model extension for a finite temperature case we are able to describe an equilibrium crack energetics for arbitrary externa conditions and ascertain the crack propagation conditions. Specifically, the system free energy F as a function of nonlinear bond displacement ul for an external forces P and for a finite temperature T is found. The equilibrium values for the displacement ul = ul* and for G* = G(ul*), are obtained. The free-energy barrier height G = Gmax − G* dependence upon P and T is determined. With the help of the exact solution of the equilibrium equations we obtained the free energy as function of crack length G(l,T,P). We found that local free energy barriers take place for every crack length l, which is in contrast to the Thomson model. From the microscopic viewpoint it means that crack advance is controlled by local free energy barriers. We found that near the equilibrium length the crack energy barrier is relatively high, while far from equilibrium crack position, energy barrier height decreases to a finite value. It is worth to note that the barrier height monotonically decrease with the increase of the environment temperature. On the basis of our model the temperature dependence of the crack surface energy will be found, the global energetics of the crack will be described.
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Reports on the topic "Microscopic extension"

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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.

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experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
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