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Payton, Oliver David. "High-speed atomic force microscopy under the microscope." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574416.
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SINCE its invention in 1986, the atomic force microscope (AFM) has revolutionised the field of nanotechnology and nanoscience. It is a tool that has enabled research into areas of medicine, advanced materials, biology, chemistry and physics. However due to its low frame rate it is a tool that has been limited to imaging small areas using a time lapse technique. It has only been in recent years that the frame rate of the device has been increased in a tool known as high-speed AFM (HSAFM). This increased frame rate allows, for the first time, biological processes to be viewed in real time or macro sized areas to be imaged with nanoscale resolution. The research presented here concentrates on a specific type of high-speed AFM developed at the University of Bristol called contact mode HSAFM. This thesis explains how the microscope is able to function, and presents a leap in image quality due to an increased understanding of the dynamics of the system. The future of the device is also discussed. III
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Franklin, Thomas. "Scanning ionoluminescence microscopy with a helium ion microscope." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/352281/.
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The ORIONR PLUS scanning helium ion microscope (HIM) images at sub nanometer resolution. Images of the secondary electron emission have superior resolution and depth of field compared to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ionoluminescent imaging is not an area that has been extensively explored by typical ion beam systems as they have large spot sizes in the region of microns, leading to poor spatial resolution. This thesis confirms that the ORIONR PLUS can form images from the ionoluminescent signal, resolutions of 20nm can be obtained for images of bright nanoparticles. Ionoluminescence spectra can also be obtained from some samples. The position of emission peaks in samples under the ORIONR PLUS does not deviate significantly from cathodoluminescence (CL) peaks under SEM. However, the relative heights of the emission peaks in a sample can vary between ionoluminescence (IL) and CL. In addition, It is found that there exists a proportional relationship between acceleration voltage and ionoluminescent signal in the ORIONR PLUS, this relationship is also exhibited in CL. However, when normalised for current and acceleration voltage there appears to be no samples that show greater luminescence under ionoluminescence than cathodoluminescence, with ionoluminescent intensities up to an order of magnitude lower. Ionoluminescence under the ORIONR PLUS is found to be a poor candidate for the analysis of direct band gap semiconductors, this is attributed to the smaller interaction volumes and achievable beam current of the ORIONR PLUS. It is also found that some direct band gap materials are very susceptible to beam damage under the ion beam at beam doses typically used for secondary electron (SE) imaging. It is possible to obtain simultaneous IL and SE images of organic fluorospores in a biological sample. However, the luminescence of the fluorospores was only just sufficient to form images with a 200nm resolution. Rare earth based nanoparticles show brighter luminescence and greater resistance to beam damage than organic fluorospores. If such particles could be utilised for immunofluorescence it would make combined secondary electron and immunofluorescence imaging under the ORIONR PLUS a viable technique.
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Baida, Fadi Issam. "Microscopie hybride : association d'un microscope optique en champ proche et d'un microscope à forces atomiques : principe et réalisation." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2017.
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Ce travail de recherche se situe dans la dynamique des microscopies dites en "champ proche" ou à sondes locales. La résolution de ces microscopies dépend des effets physiques liés à la géométrie de la sonde et au type d'interaction de cette dernière avec l'échantillon à analyser. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé, réalisé et exploité un instrument combinant deux détections : l'une optique et l'autre à forces atomiques. La première permet de déterminer la distribution du champ lumineux au voisinage immédiat de l'objet tandis que la détection de force fournit la topographie du même site de l'objet. La double détection a été démontrée. A partir de ces deux informations, il est possible de mieux comprendre les phénomènes d'interaction matière-rayonnement à l'échelle nanométrique et de mettre en évidence les effets optiques directement liés soit à la topographie soit à la nature physico-chimique de l'objet. Deux essais d'optimisation des images optiques ont été développés, soit par métallisation de la pointe, soit par l'exploitation de l'interférométrie optique en champ proche. Le dernier chapitre est une modélisation des microscopes optiques en champ proche basée sur un calcul perturbatif au premier ordre permettant de calculer le champ électromagnétique diffracté par l'ensemble sonde-objet (méthode couplée)This work deals with near field or local probe microscopes. The resolution of such microscopes depends on the physical effects connected to the geometry of the probe and onthe type of the interaction between the probe with the sample under test. In. This framework, we have developed and realized an instrument combining both an optical detection and an atomic force detection. The first one allows us to determine the mapping of the light intensity on the object surface, whereas the force detection provides the topography on the same site of the object. The double detection has been realized ansd demonstrated. The acquisition of these complemental data allows us to understand the interaction between light and matter at nanometer scale and to point out the optical effects -connected either to the topography or to the physical - chemical properties of the object. Two attempts of optical image optimization have been carried out either by metallization of the tip or by using optical resonance in a Fabry-Pérot cavity. The last chapter deals with a modeling based on a first order perturbative computation ( coupled method)
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Szelc, Jedrzej. "THz imaging and microscopy : a multiplexed near-field TeraHertz microscope." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/209643/.
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Bethge, Philipp. "Development of a two-photon excitation STED microscope and its application to neuroscience." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0018/document.
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L’avènement de la microscopie STED (Stimulated Emission Depletion) a bouleversé le domaine desneurosciences du au fait que beaucoup de structures neuronale, tels que les épines dendritiques, lesaxones ou les processus astrocytaires, ne peuvent pas être correctement résolu en microscopiephotonique classique. La microscopie 2-photon est une technique d’imagerie photonique très largement utilisée dans le domaine des neurosciences car elle permet d’imager les événements dynamique en profondeur dans le tissu cérébral, offrant un excellent sectionnement optique et une meilleure profondeur de pénétration. Cependant, la résolution spatiale de cette approche est limitée autour de 0.5 μm, la rendant inappropriée pour étudier les détails morphologiques des neurones et synapses. Le but de mon travail de thèse était à A) développer un microscope qui permet d'améliorer l'imagerie 2-photon en la combinant avec la microscopie STED et B) démontrer son potentiel pour l'imagerie à l'échelle nanométrique de processus neuronaux dynamiques dans des tranches de cerveau aigus et in vivo. Le nouveau microscope permet d'obtenir une résolution spatiale latérale de ~ 50 nm à des profondeurs d'imagerie de ~ 50 μm dans du tissu cérébral vivant. Il fonctionne avec des fluorophores verts, y compris les protéines fluorescentes communes telles que la GFP et YFP, offrant le contraste de deux couleurs basé sur la détection spectrale et linéaire ‘unmixing’. S’agissant d’un microscope droit, utilisant un objectif à immersion ayant une grande distance de travail, nous avons pu incorporer des techniques électrophysiologiques comme patch-clamp et ajouter une plateforme pour l'imagerie in vivo. J’ai utilise ce nouveau microscope pour imager des processus neuronaux fins et leur dynamique à l’échelle nanométrique dans différent types de préparations et des régions différentes du cerveau. J’ai pu révéler des nouvelles caractéristiques morphologique des dendrites et épines. En outre, j'ai exploré différentes stratégies de marquage pour pouvoir utiliser la microscopie STED pour imager le trafic des protéines et de leur dynamique à l'échelle nanométrique dans des tranches de cerveauThe advent of STED microscopy has created a lot of excitement in the field of neuroscience becausemany important neuronal structures, such as dendritic spines, axonal shafts or astroglial processes,cannot be properly resolved by regular light microscopy techniques. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy is a widely used imaging technique in neuroscience because it permits imaging dynamic events deep inside light-scattering brain tissue, providing high optical sectioning and depth penetration. However, the spatial resolution of this approach is limited to around half a micron, and hence is inadequate for revealing many morphological details of neurons and synapses. The aim of my PhD work was to A) develop a microscope that improves on two-photon imaging by combining it with STED microscopy and to B) demonstrate its potential for nanoscale imaging of dynamic neural processes in acute brain slices and in vivo. The new microscope achieves a lateral spatial resolution of ~50 nm at imaging depths of ~50 μm in living brain slices. It works with green fluorophores, including common fluorescent proteins like GFP and YFP, offering two-color contrast based on spectral detection and linear unmixing. Because of its upright design using a long working distance water-immersion objective, it was possible to incorporate electrophysiological techniques like patch-clamping or to add a stage for in vivo imaging. I have used the new microscope to image fine neural processes and their nanoscale dynamics in different experimental preparations and brain regions, revealing new and interesting morphological features of dendrites and spines. In addition, I have explored different labeling strategies to be able to use STED microscopy for visualizing protein trafficking and dynamics at the nanoscale in brain slices
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Battistella, Eliana. "Towards an improved photonic force microscope: a novel technique for biological microscopy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14864/.
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Una delle tecniche più note nello studio topografico di campioni biologici è l’AFM. Ci sono però limitazioni dovute alla presenza del cantilever, il quale pone un limite nella forza minima applicabile su un campione per ottenere un’immagine topografica. Questa forza (ordine dei 10 pN) può essere sufficiente a danneggiare il campione e a deformare i dettagli topografici che si vorrebbero evidenziare. Per superare questo problema si può usare un Photonic Force Microscope, dove il cantilever è sostituito da Optical Tweezers. Questa tecnica permette di effettuare scansioni di campioni biologici applicando forze dell’ordine dei 100 fN. All’interno della trappola ottica viene posizionata una microparticella che agisce da sonda, attraverso la quale possono essere rilevati dettagli topografici del campione. La differenza rispetto al PFM tradizionale si trova proprio nel tipo di sonda utilizzata durante la scansione. Lo standard prevede l’utilizzo di una sonda sferica, di dimensioni dell’ordine dei 100 nm mentre l’ipotesi è che si possano utilizzare delle sonde cilindriche con alla base un dettaglio acuminato che richiama la punta dell’AFM. Questo tipo di sonda consentirebbe di raggiungere una risoluzione maggiore, rispetto al PFM tradizionale, che risente del limite dato dal diametro della sfera. Due differenti setup per la PFM sono stati costruiti e testati durante questo periodo di tesi. Sono state testate diverse microparticelle cilindriche, di dimensioni differenti in termini di aspect ratio con lo scopo di osservare la stabilità di questo tipo di sonda. Nei risultati viene proposto un metodo per controllare la stabilità e l’orientazione della microparticella cilindrica all’interno della trappola ottica. Viene inoltre fatta un’ipotesi su un metodo per stimare la lunghezza della punta che dovrà essere verificata da una misura sistematica. I risultati preliminari riguardanti la scansione di strutture note suggeriscono la validità dell’uso di questo nuovo tipo di sonda.
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Setiawan, Widagdo. "Fermi Gas Microscope." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10225.
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Recent advances in using microscopes in ultracold atom experiment have allowed experimenters for the first time to directly observe and manipulate individual atoms in individual lattice sites. This technique enhances our capability to simulate strongly correlated systems such as Mott insulator and high temperature superconductivity. Currently, all ultracold atom experiments with high resolution imaging capability use bosonic atoms. In this thesis, I present our progress towards creating the fermionic version of the microscope experiment which is more suitable for simulating real condensed matter systems. Lithium is ideal due to the existence of both fermionic and bosonic isotopes, its light mass, which means faster experiment time scales that suppresses many sources of technical noise, and also due to the existence of a broad Feshbach resonance, which can be used to tune the inter-particle interaction strength over a wide range from attractive, non-interacting, and repulsive interactions. A high numerical aperture objective will be used to image and manipulate the atoms with single lattice site resolution. This setup should allow us to implement the Hubbard hamiltonian which could describe interesting quantum phases such as antiferromagnetism, d-wave superfluidity, and high temperature superconductivity. I will also discuss the feasibility of the Raman sideband cooling method for cooling the atoms during the imaging process. We have also developed a new electronic control system to control the sequence of the experiment. This electronic system is very scalable in order to keep up with the increasing complexity of atomic physics experiments. Furthermore, the system is also designed to be more precise in order to keep up with the faster time scale of lithium experiment.Physics
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Le, Falher Eric. "Le microscope conoscopique." Paris, ENST, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENST0017.
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Le but de cette these etait la comprehension, l'etude et le developpement d'un microscope conoscopique. Au cours de ce travail nous avons developpe une approche de l'holographie conoscopique fondee sur l'optique physique (methode des ondes). Nous avons developpe le calcul de la fonction de transfert optique tridimensionnelle d'un systeme conoscopique. Nous avons etendu le concept de fonction de transfert tridimensionnelle optique au cas d'un systeme opto-informatique. Cette fonction de transfert tridimensionnelle optique servira d'outil general de modelisation des systemes conoscopiques. Dans la partie pratique de ce travail nous avons realise un microscope conoscopique. Ce microscope a necessite une etude de dimensionnement, le test et la mise en uvre de composants optiques, electroniques et informatiques. Nous avons bati l'ensemble des logiciels necessaires a l'exploitation du microscope. De plus nous avons quantifie l'influence des differents parametres physiques et technologiques (quantite de lumiere, stabilite de la mesure, precision, repetabilite) sur ce systeme. Enfin nous avons teste ce microscope sur differents types de materiaux (verre, plaquette de silicium, plaquette d'inp) et obtenu des mesures de surfaces satisfaisantes
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Le, Falher Eric. "Le microscope conoscopique /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356172863.
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Siebers, Ellen Mary. "Telescope or microscope." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2987.
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Wright, Adele Hart. "Design, development, and application of an automated precision scanning microscope stage with a controlled environment." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16409.
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Amirsolaimani, Babak, Benjamin Cromey, N. Peyghambarian, and Khanh Kieu. "All-reflective multiphoton microscope." OPTICAL SOC AMER, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625993.
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We present the design, construction, and characterization of a multiphoton microscope that uses reflective elements for beam shaping and steering. This compact all reflective design removes the adverse effects of dispersion on laser pulse broadening as well as chromatic aberration in the focusing of broadband and multicolored laser sources. The design of this system is discussed in detail, including aberrations analysis via ray-tracing simulation and opto-mechanical design. The resolution of this mirror based all-reflective microscope is characterized using fluorescent microbeads. The performance of the system at multiple wavelengths is investigated along with some potential multiphoton imaging and writing applications. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America
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Steer, A. P. "Liquid helium acoustic microscope." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381340.
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Salhi, Mohammed Adnan. "Confocal THz laser microscope." Göttingen Sierke, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999104071/04.
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Konda, Pavan Chandra. "Multi-Aperture Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy : development of a high-speed gigapixel coherent computational microscope." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9015/.
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Medical research and clinical diagnostics require imaging of large sample areas with sub-cellular resolution. Conventional imaging techniques can provide either high-resolution or wide field-of-view (FoV) but not both. This compromise is conventionally defeated by using a high NA objective with a small FoV and then mechanically scan the sample in order to acquire separate images of its different regions. By stitching these images together, a larger effective FoV is then obtained. This procedure, however, requires precise and expensive scanning stages and prolongs the acquisition time, thus rendering the observation of fast processes/phenomena impossible. A novel imaging configuration termed Multi-Aperture Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (MA-FPM) is proposed here based on Fourier ptychography (FP), a technique to achieve wide-FoV and high-resolution using time-sequential synthesis of a high-NA coherent illumination. MA-FPM configuration utilises an array of objective lenses coupled with detectors to increase the bandwidth of the object spatial-frequencies captured in a single snapshot. This provides high-speed data-acquisition with wide FoV, high-resolution, long working distance and extended depth-of-field. In this work, a new reconstruction method based on Fresnel diffraction forward model was developed to extend FP reconstruction to the proposed MA-FPM technique. MA-FPM was validated experimentally by synthesis of a 3x3 lens array system from a translating objective-detector system. Additionally, a calibration procedure was also developed to register dissimilar images from multiple cameras and successfully implemented on the experimental data. A nine-fold improvement in captured data-bandwidth was demonstrated. Another experimental configuration was proposed using the Scheimpflug condition to correct for the aberrations present in the off-axis imaging systems. An experimental setup was built for this new configuration using 3D printed parts to minimise the cost. The design of this setup is discussed along with robustness analysis of the low-cost detectors used in this setup. A reconstruction model for the Scheimpflug configuration FP was developed and applied to the experimental data. Preliminary experimental results were found to be in agreement with this reconstruction model. Some artefacts were observed in these results due to the calibration errors in the experiment. These can be corrected by using the self-calibration algorithm proposed in the literature, which is left as a future work. Extensions to this work can include implementing multiplexed illumination for further increasing the data acquisition speed and diffraction tomography for imaging thick samples.
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Bakro, Abdelkarim. "Couplage d'un microscope à effet tunnel photonique à un microscope à force atomique." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20077.
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La miniaturisation croissante des composants electroniques necessite le developpement de nouvelles techniques de caracterisation operationnelles en dessous du micrometre. Cette these est destinee au couplage d'un microscope a effet tunnel photonique pstm a un microscope a force atomique afm. Apres avoir presente les techniques du champ proche et discute les notions de resolution et de contraste, nous decrivons les modifications apportees au microscope afm (injection de lumiere, detection du signal tunnel) pour qu'il fonctionne simultanement en mode pstm. Des images synchrones afm/pstm pour plusieurs echantillons (defauts reveles sur gaas, reseau grave inp, plots d'or deposes sur inp, guide optique, diode laser) sont presentees et interpretees. Un algorithme de calcul du champ proche optique par la methode etablie du dyadique de green est decrit et implemente en langage c. Les resultats des calculs montrent l'effet de depolarisation revele par d'autres auteurs et aident a interpreter certaines images pstm obtenues.
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Travaillot, Thomas. "Caractérisation mécanique des matériaux élastiques à l'échelle locale par microscopie à pointe vibrante : Approche multimodale et mesure de champs." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2011/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse proposent une amélioration du Scanning Microdeformation Microscope (SMM),un microscope à sonde locale, pour la caractérisation mécanique élastique des matériaux à l’échellelocale. Il est montré qu’en utilisant n > 2 modes de résonance du SMM, il est possible de découplerles mesures du module de Young et du coefficient de Poisson d’un matériau isotrope.Une étude des modes du résonateur a permis d’enrichir son modèle afin qu’il puisse modélisern > 2 modes. Des procédures ont été développées pour identifier les paramètres de ce modèle etles constantes élastiques des matériaux à partir de n > 2 fréquences de résonance. Enfin, ces procéduresont été appliquées à des exemples de caractérisation à l’échelle locale afin de valider laméthode et d’en exhiber les possibilités et les limites.Pour gagner en robustesse et se diriger vers la caractérisation des matériaux anisotropes, un systèmed’imagerie interférométrique en lumière polarisée, permettant la mesure du champ de rotationde surfaces réfléchissantes dans une direction particulière, a été développé pour être intégré auSMM. Son prisme biréfringent à gradient uniaxial d’indice lui confère sa sensibilité à la rotation. Cesystème est capable de mesurer un champ de rotation localisé comme c’est le cas au voisinage dela pointe du SMM. Il a aussi montré son intérêt dans les cas où l’effet d’échelle rend particulièrementintéressante la mesure de la rotationThis work proposes an improvement of the Scanning Microdeformation Microscope (SMM), a scanningprobe microscope, for the mechanical elastic characterization of materials at local scale. It demonstratesthat using n > 2 SMM resonance frequencies allows to decouple Young’s modulus andPoisson’s ratio values for an isotropic material.The mechanical description of the resonator has been enriched in order to allow for an accuratemodeling over a wide frequency range. Procedures have been developed to identify the modellingparameters and the elastic constants of the materials from n > 2 resonant frequencies. Finally, theseprocedures have been applied to the characterization of various materials at local scale in order tovalidate the method and to present possibilities and limits.To improve robustness and move towards the characterization of anisotropic materials, a polarizedlightimaging interferometer was developed to measure the rotation field of reflecting surfaces in aparticular direction. The sensitivity to the rotation originates from a homemade birefringent prism withuniaxial gradient of refractive index. This system is able to measure a localized rotation field as it isinduced in the vicinity of the tip of the SMM. Its interest is also demonstrated in cases in which scaleeffects make the rotation measurement preferable to the out-of-plane displacement measurement
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Joseph, Serge. "Industrialisation d'un prototype de microscope acoustique." Valenciennes, 1989. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b8833446-48ed-4b35-8b84-a97acf200619.
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Morgan, Scott Warwick. "Gaseous secondary electron detection and cascade amplification in the environmental scanning electron microscope /." Electronic version, 2005. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20060511.115302/index.html.
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Rosolen, Grahame Craig. "The development of a combined scanning electron microscope and scanning tunnelling microscope for nanotechnology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241061.
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WANG, ZHONGHUAI. "Developpement d'un microscope a force atomique multifonctionnel associe a un microscope electronique a balayage." Reims, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REIMS005.
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Un microscope a force atomique (afm) incluant la possibilite d'obtenir des cartographies des caracteristiques frictionnelles et viscoelastiques des materiaux a ete developpe pour etre combine a un microscope electronique a balayager(meb). Cette association permet de localiser un detail particulier dans un echantillon de quelques mm#2 a l'aide du meb pour l'analyser avec l'afm avec une resolution excellente, de l'ordre du nanometre. Un espace de donnees multidimensionnel peut donc etre construit sur une zone localisee d'un echantillon. La combinaison de ces deux instruments est attractive parce que les informations sont complementaires en terme de profondeur de champ, resolution verticale et laterale, champ de vue, vitesse et capacite a faire des images d'echantillons isolants et conducteurs. Des exemples d'applications demontrant l'interet de cet instrument combine afm/meb sont donnes a travers divers types d'echantillons biologiques et metallurgiques, isolants et conducteurs. L'accent est mis sur l'interet de la correlation des images pour eviter les mauvaises interpretations dues aux artefacts, notamment ceux dus a la dilatation des objets rugueux causes par la taille macroscopique de la pointe-sonde de l'afm. L'interet de la combinaison est egalement mis en evidence pour l'etude des echantillons isolants non metallises a travers l'exemple d'un echantillon biologique (toxoplasma gondii) et d'une bioceramique al#2o#3 tin. Sur le toxoplasme il est possible de detecter des billes d'or colloidal de diametre 40 nm qui servent a marquer la presence de laminine sur le cortex membranaire. L'afm s'avere, dans ce cas precis, plus performant que la microscopie electronique par transmission. En ce qui concerne la bioceramique, les images des caracteristiques frictionnelles indiquent que les differences de coefficient de friction entre phases sont faibles et que l'interpretation des images est complexe a cause des effets de topographie qui perturbent l'image de friction. Notre instrument permet egalement d'effectuer une spectroscopie de forces dynamique dans le mode modulation de forces. Cette methode se revele tres puissante pour separer des phases de modules elastiques differents dans des materiaux composites meme si ceux-ci sont tres rigides tel que les aciers au chrome nitrure et les superalliages a base de nickel. Sur l'acier au chrome nitrure il est possible de localiser les precipites de nitrure de chrome de dimension inferieure a 50 nm, ce qui demontre la haute resolution spatiale de cette technique. Il est egalement mis en evidence, sur le superalliage a base de nickel, qu'il est possible de separer des phases dont les modules elastiques sont tres proches (115 gpa et 135 gpa). L'interpretation des resultats obtenus est discutee a partir du modele a deux ressorts et de la theorie de la deformation elastique developpee par hertz. Nos resultats experimentaux montrent qu'il n'est pas possible de considerer que l'interaction pointe-surface est lineaire quand les materiaux etudies sont beaucoup plus rigides que le microlevier lui-meme. Une methode de mesure semi-quantitative de l'elasticite des materiaux rigides est proposee. Les conditions de fonctionnement pour lesquelles cette methode peut etre utilisee sont definies
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Yu, Enhua. "Crossed and uncrossed retinal fibres in normal and monocular hamsters : light and electron microscopic studies /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13014316.
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Eubanks, Craig S. "Comparison of ellipso-polarimetry and dark-field methods for determination of thickness variations in thin films /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11269.
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Morrish, Dru, and DruMorrish@gmail com. "Morphology dependent resonance of a microscope and its application in near-field scanning optical microscopy." Swinburne University of Technology. Centre for Micro-Photonics, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20051124.121838.
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In recent times, near-field optical microscopy has received increasing attention for its
ability to obtain high-resolution images beyond the diffraction limit. Near-field optical
microscopy is achieved via the positioning and manipulation of a probe on a scale less
than the wavelength of the incident light.
Despite many variations in the mechanical design of near-field optical microscopes almost all rely on direct mechanical access of a cantilever or a derivative form to probe the sample. This constricts the study to surface examinations in simple sample environments. Distance regulation between the sample surface and the delicate probe
requires its own feedback mechanism. Determination of feedback is achieved through
monitoring the shift of resonance of one arm of a 'tuning fork', which is caused by the interaction of the probes tip with the Van der Waals force. Van der Waals force emanates from atom-atom interaction at the top of the sample surface. Environmental contamination of the sample surface with additional molecules such as water makes accurate measurement of these forces particularly challenging. The near-field study of
living biological material is extremely difficult as an aqueous environment is required for its extended survival. Probe-sample interactions within an aqueous environment that
result in strong detectable signal is a challenging problem that receives considerable
attention and is a focus of this thesis.
In order to increase the detectible signal a localised field enhancement in the probing region is required. The excitation of an optically resonant probe by morphology dependent resonance (MDR) provides a strong localised field enhancement. Efficient MDR excitation requires important coupling conditions be met, of which the localisation of the incident excitation is a critical factor.
Evanescent coupling by frustrated total internal reflection to a MDR microcavity provides an ideal method for localised excitation. However it has severe drawbacks if the probe is to be manipulated in a scanning process. Tightly focusing the incident illumination by a high numerical aperture objective lens provides the degree of freedom to enable both MDR excitation and remote manipulation. Two-photon nonlinear excitation is shown to couple efficiently to MDR modes due to the high spatial localisation of the incident excitation in three-dimensions. The dependence of incident excitation localisation by high numerical aperture objective on MDR efficiency is thoroughly examined in this thesis. The excitation of MDR can be enhanced by up to 10 times with the localisation of the incident illumination from the centre of the
microcavity to its perimeter.
Illuminating through a high numerical aperture objective enables the remote noninvasive
manipulation of a microcavity probe by laser trapping. The transfer of photon momentum from the reflection and refraction of the trapping beam is sufficient enough to exert piconewtons of force on a trapped particle. This allows the particle to be held and scanned in a predictable fashion in all three-dimensions. Optical trapping
removes the need for invasive mechanical access to the sample surface and provides a means of remote distance regulation between the trapped probe and the sample. The femtosecond pulsed beam utilised in this thesis allows the simultaneous induction of two-photon excitation and laser trapping. It is found in this thesis that a MDR microcavity can be excited and translated in an efficient manner. The application of this technique to laser trapped near-field microscopy and single molecule detection is of particular interest.
Monitoring the response of the MDR signal as it is scanned over a sample object enables a near-field image to be built up. As the enhanced evanescent field from the propagation of MDR modes around a microcavity interacts with different parts of the sample, a measurable difference in energy leakage from the cavity modes occurs. The definitive spectral properties of MDR enables a multidimensional approach to imaging and sensing, a focus of this thesis. Examining the spectral modality of the MDR signal
can lead to a contrast enhancement in laser trapped imaging. Observing a single MDR mode during the scanning process can increase the image contrast by up to 1:23 times compared to that of the integrated MDR fluorescence spectrum.
The work presented in this thesis leads to the possibility of two-photon fluorescence
excitation of MDR in combination with laser trapping becoming a valuable tool in near-
field imaging, sensing and single molecule detection in vivo. It has been demonstrated
that particle scanned, two-photon fluorescence excitation of MDR, by laser trapping 'tweezers' can provide a contrast enhancement and multiple imaging modalities. The spectral imaging modality has particular benefits for image contrast enhancements.
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PONZIO, FRANCESCO. "Deep learning at the microscope - Working towards improved microscopy image analysis with deep neural networks." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2935596.
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Commerford, Stacey M. "Dysarthria under a linguist's microscope." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55496.pdf.
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Biles, Jonathan R. "Optical analysis of microscope images /." Full text open access at:, 1986. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,120.
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Gagnon, Morris Alexis. "Nanolithography using an atomic microscope." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80270.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, I study the nanolithography of gallium arsenide samples by local oxidation with an atomic force microscope (AFM). I examine the current theoretical descriptions of the reaction kinetics and compare the results to experimental data. The main goal is to characterize the AFM oxidation process such that high quality features can be routinely patterned. I also investigate the use of alternative oxidation environments in an attempt to improve the height and aspect ratio of the AFM local oxidation features. An alternative lithography technique involving scratching under a high contact force is also studied. Finally, I discuss the steps that are necessary in order to fabricate a quantum structure with the AFM local oxidation lithography technique.
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Hjeltström, Anna. "Copper minerals under the microscope." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243049.
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From many perspectives copper is a very important metal for the modern society. It can be found in everything from jewellery to electronics. For this reason it is very important for geologists to be able to develop efficient methods for identification, characterisation, extraction and processing of copper. One method for the identification of copper bearing minerals is ore microscopy which has been used in this paper along with a general introduction. Samples from the study collection of the Department of Earth Sciences and the area of Långban and Månhöjden have been examined, documented and described in detail. The thesis begins with an introduction to the history and geochemistry of copper along with some ore forming processes.
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Puygranier, B. A. F. "The photon scanning tunnelling microscope." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368568.
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Venkatachalam, Vivek. "Simulating scanning tunneling microscope measurements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36116.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 25).
One of the largest problems in scanning tunneling microscopy design is noise control. It is the burden of the designer to determine if money should be used to build a floating room for vibration isolation or for top-of-the-line preamplifiers that can be placed at low temperatures. This thesis presents a simulation of the STM measurement chain, from tunneling tip to computer control. The goal is to see how noise at different stages of the measurement chain affect the output of spectroscopy (density of states) measurements. Specifically, we look at how spectroscopy measurements depend on the temperature of the sample, the density of states in the sample and tip, the shakiness of the tip, the noise present in the current preamplifier, and several other settings. Chapter 1 describes STM spectroscopy measurement, Chapter 2 explains how it is simulated, and Chapter 3 finally looks at the results of various simulations.
by Vivek Venkatachalam.
S.B.
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Mueller-Falcke, Clemens T. (Clemens Tobias). "Switchable stiffness scanning microscope probe." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32349.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80).
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has rapidly gained widespread utilization as an imaging device and micro/nano-manipulator during recent years. This thesis investigates the new concept of a dual stiffness scanning probe with respect to biological applications and determines the resulting requirements for the scanning of soft bio samples, such as low-pressure contact. On this basis, an in-plane AFM probe that is specifically tailored to the needs of biological applications is developed. It features a variable stiffness, which makes the stiffness of the probe adjustable to the surface hardness of the sample, and a very low overall stiffness, which is needed in order to achieve high resolution imaging. The switchable stiffness probe allows the scanning of biological samples with varying surface hardness without changing probes during scanning, and therefore prevents a loss of positional information, as is unavoidable with conventional devices. For the integration of the components into a MEMS device, the conventional cantilever-type design of AFM probes has been abandoned in favor of an in-plane design. The new design has an advantage in that it facilitates a high-density array of AFM probes and allows for easy surface micromachining of the integrated device. It also enables the future integration of micro-fluidic channels for reagent delivery and nanopipetting. For the scanning of nano-scale trenches and grooves, a multi-walled carbon nanotube, embedded in a nanopellet, is planned as a high-aspect-ratio tip. The variable stiffness is accomplished in a mechanical way by engaging or disengaging auxiliary beams to the compliant beam structure by means of electrostatically actuated clutches.
(cont.) For actuation, an electrostatic combdrive is considered to move the probe tip up and down. The vertical displacement of the tip can be measured by a capacitive sensor, which can easily be integrated into the system. A scaled-up proof-of-concept model is manufactured with surface-micromachining processes. The clutch performance is successfully tested and the dual stiffness concept is verified by measuring the stiffness of the device with the clutches engaged and disengaged.
by Clemens T. Mueller-Falcke.
S.M.
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Stein, Andrew John 1978. "A metrological atomic force microscope." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16885.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-248).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
This thesis describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a metrological atomic force microscope (AFM). This design serves as a prototype for a similar system that will later be integrated with the Sub-Atomic Measuring Machine (SAMM) under development in collaboration with the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. The microscope uses a piezoelectric tube scanner with a quartz tuning fork proximity sensor to image three-dimensional sample topographies. The probe position is measured with a set of capacitance sensors, aligned so as to minimize Abbe offset error, for direct measurement of probe tip displacements. A PC-based digital control system provides closed-loop control of the lateral scanning and axial height regulation actions of the probe assembly. The lateral scanning system, which dictates the probe's motion in directions parallel to the sample plane, has measured -3 dB closed-loop bandwidths of 189 Hz and 191 Hz in the X and Y directions, respectively. Meanwhile, the axial height regulator, which adjusts the length of the tube scanner to control for a constant gap between the probe tip and the sample surface, has demonstrated a -3 dB closed-loop bandwidth of as high as 184 Hz. The metrological AFM is operational and has been used to collect several images of sample surfaces. Images taken of a silicon calibration grating indicate that the microscope can easily resolve 100 nm-scale step changes in height. However, several errors are observed in the image data. Possible reasons for these errors are discussed, and ideas for follow-on work are suggested.
by Andrew John Stein.
S.M.
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Xu, Ying. "A metrological scanning force microscope." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73129/.
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In last decade, there has been a tremendous progress in scanning probe microscopies, some of which have achieved atomic resolution. However, there still exist some problems which have to be solved before the instrument can be used as a metrological measurement tool. The object of the project introduced in this thesis was to develop a scanning force microscope of metrological capability with the aim of making significant improvement in scanning force microscopy from the viewpoint of instrumentation. A capacitance based force probe has been studied theoretically and experimentally with the main concern being its dynamic properties, characterized by squeeze air film damping, which are believed to have direct effects on the fidelity of measurement. The optimization of design is investigated so as to achieve the results of both high displacement sensitivity and force sensitivity. An x-y scanning stage has been designed and built, which consists of a two axis linear flexure system of motion amplifying mode machined from a single aluminium alloy block. The stage is driven by two piezo actuators with two capacitance sensors monitoring the actual position of the platform to form a closed loop control system. The design strategy is introduced and the performances and characteristics of two commonly used types of flexure translation mechanisms, leaf spring and notch hinge spring system, are analyzed. The finite element analysis method is employed in the analysis and design of translation mechanism. Finally, a metrological scanning force microscope has been constructed, combining a constant force probe system, an x-y scanning stage and a 3D coarse positioning mechanism into a metrological system. The performance of the instrument system has been systematically evaluated and its measuring capability investigated on the. specimens of various properties and features. The results from this first prototype of the instrument demonstrated a subnanometer resolution with comparable stability and repeatability in all three axes.
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Sharples, Steve David. "All-optical scanning acoustic microscope." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10164/.
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In this thesis a new instrument, the all-optical scanning acoustic microscope (O-SAM) is presented, it is a non contact scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) which uses lasers to both generate and detect surface acoustics waves (SAWs) The non contact nature of the O-SAM overcomes some difficulties associated with conventional SAMs because of the couplant and surface contact involved. This O-SAM also overcomes many of the problems associated with conventional laser ultrasound systems including those of sample damage and ablation, low signal to noise ratio and slow data acquisition. Furthermore, the instrument is adaptive enabling it to compensate to acoustic aberrations that can occur as a result of material microstructure. We believe this is a most significant feature that will greatly enhance its range of applications. This thesis examines some of the key technological developments required to develop the O-SAM, including the use of tailored optical generation pattern realised through the use of a spatial light modulator (SLM) and the development of a novel high speed analogue data acquisition system. This thesis presents the design and construction of the instrument and demonstrates its imaging capability on engineering materials using SAWs at 82 and 164MHz although the instrument is potentially capable of imaging at much higher frequencies. Images are presented on ceramic, steel and aluminium samples which demonstrate a range of contrast mechanisms and measurement techniques, including the interaction of the material with Rayleigh waves and Lamb modes for the purpose of defect detection and characterisation, and measurement of local variations in residual surface stress, changes in coating thickness, and plate thickness.
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Niu, Ruijuan, and Ruijuan Niu. "Overview of the Microscope Objective." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624148.
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Microscopes are widely used in research and industry. The objective lens is the most significant part of the microscope. Some characteristics and different types of microscope objectives are discussed in this thesis. The markings on the objective indicate some main optical characteristics. However, it is not always possible to know the materials, the radius or the thickness of each surface in an objective lens and it is not easy to simulate an objective without this data. In this thesis, we build a first order model which can simulate a refractive microscope objective when the magnification and numerical aperture are known. The model contains a thin lens made by two standard surfaces and also simulates the principal planes. This model provides more accurate ray heights and it is aplanatic. Some design examples of an objective lens are also discussed in order to get a better understanding of design and optimization considerations.
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Ezz, el Din Abdallah Mohamed Hamed. "Contribution à l'étude d'un microscope cohérent à balayage." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112139.
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On étudie dans cette thèse le processus de formation d'image dans un microscope cohérent à balayage du type confocal. La partie optique du montage se compose des deux objectifs de microscope disposés symétriquement de part et d'autre d'un objet transparent dont il visent le même point central lequel est conjugué d'une source ponctuelle par rapport au premier objectif et d'un récepteur ponctuel par rapport au deuxième. L'ensemble constitue un microdensitomètre à analyse bilatérale dont le spot d'exploration est plus confiné que la tache de diffraction. Le signal image engendré par le déplacement de l'objet permet une étude quantitative de ce dernier. Différentes variantes de ce microscope à balayage sont discutées. Les images des objets tests déterminées par le calcul montrent les avantages de l'appareil étudié par rapport au microscope visuel courantThis thesis deals with the image formation in a confocal, coherent, scanning microscope. The optical system of the apparatus is composed of two microscope lenses symmetrically arranged on both sides of a transparent abject which is located at the common short focus of these lenses. A point source and a point detector are placed at the long focuses of the first and second microscope lenses respectively. The resulting impulse response is narrower than the Airy pattern. The photoelectric output modulated by the scanned object allows a quantitative assessment of the latter. Different variants of this scanning microscope are discussed. The image of a very small absorbing disc exhibits a higher contrast than that obtained by means of a classical microscope
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Mancini, Cédric. "Mise en place d’un microscope confocal achromatique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10254.
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L’étude des propriétés luminescentes de nanoparticules permet d’accéder à des informations sur les mécanismes élémentaires liés à cette luminescence. À l’instar de ce qui a été fait pour les semiconducteurs (effets de confinement quantique par exemple), nous souhaitons étudier l’influence de paramètres tels que la taille ou la composition de nanoparticules isolantes sur leur luminescence. Pour cela il fallait créer un outil polyvalent capable d’exciter efficacement ces particules, d’en effectuer des images luminescentes et enfin d’en faire la spectroscopie. Le microscope confocal chromatique élaboré dans le cadre de mon travail de thèse et hébergé au sein de Nanoptec est à même de remplir ces objectifs : longueur d’onde d’excitation accordable allant de l’UV dur (210 nm) à l’IR (près de 1 μm), résolution spatiale de l’ordre du μm (permet l’étude de particules assez espacées), aspect confocal permettant d’isoler spatialement la luminescence de l’objet étudié, système de détection capable d’isoler spectralement cette luminescence... Cet outil a permis des collaborations diverses avec des équipes au sein et hors du laboratoire, comme la cartographie spatiale de la répartition de dopants dans des fibres laser, l’évaluation des inhomogénéités lumineuses au sein de matériaux céramiques, la mesure de dispersion spatiale de nanoparticules dans des plastiques... Le microscope confocal achromatique nous sert également à étudier plus fondamentalement les effets de la puissance d’excitation sur les propriétés luminescentes de nanoparticules de tailles et de compositions diversesStudying luminescent properties of nanoparticles leads to informations about elementary mechanisms connected to the luminescence. As it has been done for semiconductors (quantum confinement effect for instance), we want to evaluate the influence of parameters like size or composition of insulating nanoparticles on their luminescence. In this purpose, we had to develop a versatile tool, able to efficiently excite these particles, then perform their image and their spectroscopy. The achromatic confocal microscope built during my phD work and hosted in the Nanoptec center is able to fill these aims : tunable wavelenght from deep UV (210 nm) to IR (about 1 μm), spatial resolution of about 1 μm (enables us to work on sufficiently separated particules), confocal aspect leading to a spatial isolation of the studied object luminescence, detection system able to spectrally select this luminescence... We made various collaborations with teams in and out of the laboratory, such as spatial cartography of dopant distribution in laser fibers, evaluation of optical inhomogeneities amidst ceramics, spatial dispersion measurements of nanoparticles in plastics... The achromatic confocal microscope is also helpful for a better understanding of excitation power effects of luminescent properties of various sizes and compositions nanoparticles
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El, Hajraoui Khalil. "Études in-situ dans un microscope électronique en transmission des réactions à l’état solide entre métal et nanofil de Ge." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY012/document.
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Le domaine des nanofils semi-conducteurs est en pleine expansion depuis ces dix dernières années grâce à leurs applications dans de nombreux domaines tels que l’électronique ou la conversion d’énergie. Dans cette étude on part d’une base de nanofil de germanium (le canal), on dépose des contacts métalliques qui seront chauffés par effet joule. Une différence de potentiel est alors appliquée au contact d’entrée (la source), le courant électrique est récupéré et mesuré par le contact de sortie (le drain). Une réaction à l’état solide permet aux atomes du métal de diffuser dans le nanofil. La propagation d'une phase métal/semi-conducteur est suivie dans un microscope électronique en transmission (MET) dont la résolution permet une observation à l’échelle atomique au niveau de la source, le drain et le canal. Les dispositifs caractérisés au cours de ce stage ont été élaborés à partir de deux types de membranes, l’une plane et l’autre avec des trous. Chacune d’entre elles sont constituées d’une couche de nitrate de silicium Si3N4 à leurs surfaces présentant l’avantage d’être transparents aux électrons et isolants au courantSemiconductor nanowires (NWs) are promising candidates for many device applications ranging from electronics and optoelectronics to energy conversion and spintronics. However, typical NW devices are fabricated using electron beam lithography and therefore source, drain and channel length still depend on the spatial resolution of the lithography. In this work we show fabrication of NW devices in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) where we can obtain atomic resolution on the channel length using in-situ propagation of a metallic phase in the semiconducting NW independent of the lithography resolution. We show results on semiconducting NW devices fabricated on two different electron transparent Si3N4 membranes: a planar membrane and a membrane where devices are suspended over holes. First we show the process of making lithographically defined reliable electrical contacts on individual NWs. Second we show first results on in-situ propagation of a metal-semiconductor phase in Ge NWs by joule heating, while measuring the current through the device. Two different devices are studied: one with platinum metal contacts and one with copper contacts. Different phenomena can occur in CuGe NWs during phase propagation
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Bélisle, Jonathan. "Design and assembly of a multimodal nonlinear laser scanning microscope." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100765.
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The objective of this thesis is to present the fabrication of a multiphoton microscope and the underlying theory responsible for its proper functioning. A basic introduction to nonlinear optics will give the necessary knowledge to the reader to understand the optical effects involved. Femtosecond laser pulses will be presented and characterized. Each part of the microscope, their integration and the design of the microscope will be discussed. The basic concepts of laser scanning microscopy are also required to explain the design of the scanning optics. Fast scanning problems and their solutions are also briefly viewed. As a working proof, the first images taken with the microscope will be presented. Fluorescent beads, rat tail tendon, gold nanoparticles and pollen grain images using various nonlinear effects will be shown and discussed.
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Martin, Geoffrey Clive. "Virtual Scanning Electron Microscope : a web-based teaching and training solution for the Scanning Electron Microscope." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611878.
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Yee, Shannon. "Design of a scanning tunneling microscope." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/25190.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 110 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-110). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Brakhane, Stefan [Verfasser]. "The Quantum Walk Microscope / Stefan Brakhane." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130704793/34.
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Eigenbrot, Ilya Vladimirovich. "A time-resolved confocal fluorescence microscope." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342331.
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Bessard, Judicael. "Construction d'un microscope à force photonique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26508/26508.pdf.
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Clarke, Richard John. "Hydrodynamics of the atomic force microscope." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10649/.
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With a proven ability to uncover fundamental biological processes, the atomic force microscope (AFM) represents one of the most valuable and versatile tools available to the biophysical sciences. We study the unsteady small-scale flows generated within the AFM by its sensing probe (a long thin cantilever), which have received relatively little attention to date, yet which are increasingly relevant in an age of microdevices. The early parts of this thesis investigate some canonical two-dimensional flows driven by oscillations of an infinite-length rigid cantilever. These prove amenable to analysis and enable us to investigate many of the important physical phenomena and compile a comprehensive collection of asymptotic expressions for the drag. The corresponding results lay out the influence of a nearby wall, geometry and oscillation frequency. The limitations of a two-dimensional approach are then explored through the development of a novel unsteady slender-body theory (USBT) for finite-length cylinders, an asymptotic treatment of which offers corrections to traditional resistive-force-theory (RFT) methods by accounting for geometric factors and flow inertia. These ideas are then extended to the study of thin rectangular plates. Two key parameters are identified which promote two-dimensionality in the flow, namely the frequency of oscillation and the proximity of a nearby boundary. We then examine flexible cylinders and plates by coupling the hydrodynamics to linearized elastic beam and plate equations, which simulate the hydrodynamically-damped high-speed deformable motion of the AFM's cantilever, when driven either externally or by Brownian motion. In the latter case, we adopt an approach which offers notable improvements over the most advanced method currently available to the AFM community.
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Barker, Michael Jonathan. "Development of a scanning SQUID microscope." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343851.
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Duckett, Gordon Richard. "Electron microscope studies of organic pigments." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305588.
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Christie, S. "Contrast in the helium acoustic microscope." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381299.
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Nasser, Paola B. (Paola Beatriz) 1979. "Remote microscope for Polymer Crystallization WebLab." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87281.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-66).
by Paola B. Nasser.
M.Eng.