Academic literature on the topic 'Microscale atmospheric dispersion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Microscale atmospheric dispersion":
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Folch, Arnau, Jordi Barcons, Tomofumi Kozono, and Antonio Costa. "High-resolution modelling of atmospheric dispersion of dense gas using TWODEE-2.1: application to the 1986 Lake Nyos limnic eruption." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 6 (June 13, 2017): 861–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-861-2017.
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Abstract. Atmospheric dispersal of a gas denser than air can threat the environment and surrounding communities if the terrain and meteorological conditions favour its accumulation in topographic depressions, thereby reaching toxic concentration levels. Numerical modelling of atmospheric gas dispersion constitutes a useful tool for gas hazard assessment studies, essential for planning risk mitigation actions. In complex terrains, microscale winds and local orographic features can have a strong influence on the gas cloud behaviour, potentially leading to inaccurate results if not captured by coarser-scale modelling. We introduce a methodology for microscale wind field characterisation based on transfer functions that couple a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model with a microscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the atmospheric boundary layer. The resulting time-dependent high-resolution microscale wind field is used as input for a shallow-layer gas dispersal model (TWODEE-2.1) to simulate the time evolution of CO2 gas concentration at different heights above the terrain. The strategy is applied to review simulations of the 1986 Lake Nyos event in Cameroon, where a huge CO2 cloud released by a limnic eruption spread downslopes from the lake, suffocating thousands of people and animals across the Nyos and adjacent secondary valleys. Besides several new features introduced in the new version of the gas dispersal code (TWODEE-2.1), we have also implemented a novel impact criterion based on the percentage of human fatalities depending on CO2 concentration and exposure time. New model results are quantitatively validated using the reported percentage of fatalities at several locations. The comparison with previous simulations that assumed coarser-scale steady winds and topography illustrates the importance of high-resolution modelling in complex terrains.
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Lin, Dongqi, Basit Khan, Marwan Katurji, Leroy Bird, Ricardo Faria, and Laura E. Revell. "WRF4PALM v1.0: a mesoscale dynamical driver for the microscale PALM model system 6.0." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 2503–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2503-2021.
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Abstract. A set of Python-based tools, WRF4PALM, has been developed for offline nesting of the PALM model system 6.0 into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modelling system. Time-dependent boundary conditions of the atmosphere are critical for accurate representation of microscale meteorological dynamics in high-resolution real-data simulations. WRF4PALM generates initial and boundary conditions from WRF outputs to provide time-varying meteorological forcing for PALM. The WRF model has been used across the atmospheric science community for a broad range of multidisciplinary applications. The PALM model system 6.0 is a turbulence-resolving large-eddy simulation model with an additional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) mode for atmospheric and oceanic boundary layer studies at microscale (Maronga et al., 2020). Currently PALM has the capability to ingest output from the regional scale Consortium for Small-scale Modelling (COSMO) atmospheric prediction model. However, COSMO is not an open source model and requires a licence agreement for operational use or academic research (http://www.cosmo-model.org/, last access: 23 April 2021). This paper describes and validates the new free and open-source WRF4PALM tools (available at https://github.com/dongqi-DQ/WRF4PALM, last access: 23 April 2021). Two case studies using WRF4PALM are presented for Christchurch, New Zealand, which demonstrate successful PALM simulations driven by meteorological forcing from WRF outputs. The WRF4PALM tools presented here can potentially be used for micro- and mesoscale studies worldwide, for example in boundary layer studies, air pollution dispersion modelling, wildfire emissions and spread, urban weather forecasting, and agricultural meteorology.
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Badeke, Ronny, Volker Matthias, and David Grawe. "Parameterizing the vertical downward dispersion of ship exhaust gas in the near field." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 5935–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5935-2021.
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Abstract. Estimating the impact of ship emissions on local air quality is a topic of high relevance, especially in large harbor cities. For chemistry-transport modeling studies, the initial plume rise and dispersion play a crucial role for the distribution of pollutants into vertical model layers. This study aims at parameterizing the vertical downward dispersion in the near field of a prototype cruise ship, depending on several meteorological and technical input parameters. By using the microscale chemistry, transport and stream model (MITRAS), a parameterization scheme was developed to calculate the downward dispersion, i.e., the fraction of emissions, which will be dispersed below stack height. This represents the local concentration in the vicinity of the ship. Cases with and without considering the obstacle effect of the ship have been compared. Wind speed and ship size were found to be the strongest factors influencing the downward dispersion, which can reach values up to 55 % at high wind speed and lateral wind. This compares to 31 % in the case where the obstacle effect was not considered and shows the importance of obstacle effects when assessing the ground-level pollution situation in ports.
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Liang, Qian, Yucong Miao, Gen Zhang, and Shuhua Liu. "Simulating Microscale Urban Airflow and Pollutant Distributions Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Model: A Review." Toxics 11, no. 11 (November 13, 2023): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110927.
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Urban surfaces exert profound influences on local wind patterns, turbulence dynamics, and the dispersion of air pollutants, underscoring the critical need for a thorough understanding of these processes in the realms of urban planning, design, construction, and air quality management. The advent of advanced computational capabilities has propelled the computational fluid dynamics model (CFD) into becoming a mature and widely adopted tool to investigate microscale meteorological phenomena in urban settings. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of CFD-based microscale meteorological simulations, offering insights into their applications, influential factors, and challenges. Significant variables such as the aspect ratio of street canyons, building geometries, ambient wind directions, atmospheric boundary layer stabilities, and street tree configurations play crucial roles in influencing microscale physical processes and the dispersion of air pollutants. The integration of CFD with mesoscale meteorological models and cutting-edge machine learning techniques empowers high-resolution, precise simulations of urban meteorology, establishing a robust scientific basis for sustainable urban development, the mitigation of air pollution, and emergency response planning for hazardous substances. Nonetheless, the broader application of CFD in this domain introduces challenges in grid optimization, enhancing integration with mesoscale models, addressing data limitations, and simulating diverse weather conditions.
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Trini Castelli, S., G. Tinarelli, and T. G. Reisin. "Comparison of atmospheric modelling systems simulating the flow, turbulence and dispersion at the microscale within obstacles." Environmental Fluid Mechanics 17, no. 5 (March 8, 2017): 879–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10652-017-9520-5.
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Shcherbina, Andrey Y., Miles A. Sundermeyer, Eric Kunze, Eric D’Asaro, Gualtiero Badin, Daniel Birch, Anne-Marie E. G. Brunner-Suzuki, et al. "The LatMix Summer Campaign: Submesoscale Stirring in the Upper Ocean." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 1257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00015.1.
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Abstract Lateral stirring is a basic oceanographic phenomenon affecting the distribution of physical, chemical, and biological fields. Eddy stirring at scales on the order of 100 km (the mesoscale) is fairly well understood and explicitly represented in modern eddy-resolving numerical models of global ocean circulation. The same cannot be said for smaller-scale stirring processes. Here, the authors describe a major oceanographic field experiment aimed at observing and understanding the processes responsible for stirring at scales of 0.1–10 km. Stirring processes of varying intensity were studied in the Sargasso Sea eddy field approximately 250 km southeast of Cape Hatteras. Lateral variability of water-mass properties, the distribution of microscale turbulence, and the evolution of several patches of inert dye were studied with an array of shipboard, autonomous, and airborne instruments. Observations were made at two sites, characterized by weak and moderate background mesoscale straining, to contrast different regimes of lateral stirring. Analyses to date suggest that, in both cases, the lateral dispersion of natural and deliberately released tracers was O(1) m2 s–1 as found elsewhere, which is faster than might be expected from traditional shear dispersion by persistent mesoscale flow and linear internal waves. These findings point to the possible importance of kilometer-scale stirring by submesoscale eddies and nonlinear internal-wave processes or the need to modify the traditional shear-dispersion paradigm to include higher-order effects. A unique aspect of the Scalable Lateral Mixing and Coherent Turbulence (LatMix) field experiment is the combination of direct measurements of dye dispersion with the concurrent multiscale hydrographic and turbulence observations, enabling evaluation of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed dispersion at a new level.
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Farkas, Orsolya, and Ákos Török. "Dust deposition, microscale flow- and dispersion model of particulate matter, examples from the city center of Budapest." Időjárás 12, no. 1 (2019): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.28974/idojaras.2019.1.3.
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Weger, Michael, and Bernd Heinold. "Air pollution trapping in the Dresden Basin from gray-zone scale urban modeling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 21 (November 6, 2023): 13769–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13769-2023.
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Abstract. The microscale variability of urban air pollution is essentially driven by the interaction between meteorology and urban topography, which remains challenging to represent spatially accurately and computationally efficiently in urban dispersion models. Natural topography can additionally exert a considerable amplifying effect on urban background pollution, depending on atmospheric stability. This requires an equally important representation in models, as even subtle terrain-height variations can enforce characteristic local flow regimes. In this model study, the effects of urban and natural topography on the local winds and air pollution dispersion in the Dresden Basin in the Eastern German Elbe valley are investigated. A new, efficient urban microscale model is used within a multiscale air quality modeling framework. The simulations that consider real meteorological and emission conditions focus on two periods in late winter and early summer, respectively, as well as on black carbon (BC), a key air pollutant mainly emitted from motorized traffic. As a complement to the commonly used mass concentrations, the particle age content (age concentration) is simulated. This concept, which was originally developed to study hydrological reservoir flows in a Eulerian framework, is adapted here for the first time for atmospheric boundary-layer modeling. The approach is used to identify stagnant or recirculating orographic air flows and resulting air pollution trapping. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is applied to the simulation results to attribute the air pollution modes to specific weather patterns and quantify their significance. Air quality monitoring data for the region are used for model evaluation. The model results show a strong sensitivity to atmospheric conditions, but generally confirm increased BC levels in Dresden due to the valley location. The horizontal variability of mass concentrations is dominated by the patterns of traffic emissions, which overlay potential orography-driven pollutant accumulations. Therefore, an assessment of the orographic impact on air pollution is usually inconclusive. However, using the age-concentration metric, which filters out direct emission effects, previously undetected spatial patterns are discovered that are largely modulated by the surface orography. The comparison with a dispersion simulation assuming spatially homogeneous emissions also proves the robustness of the orographic flow information contained in the age-concentration distribution and shows it to be a suitable metric for assessing orographic air pollution trapping. The simulation analysis indicates several air quality hotspots on the southwestern slopes of the Dresden Basin and in the southern side valley, the Döhlen Basin, depending on the prevailing wind direction.
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Varentsov, A. I., V. M. Stepanenko, E. V. Mortikov, A. V. Debolskiy, R. D. Kouznetsov, and M. Sofiev. "On the use of large-eddy simulation time data coarsening for dispersion forecasting in the SILAM atmospheric composition model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1023, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1023/1/012008.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of one-way coupling of a large eddy simulation model and an atmospheric composition and diffusion complex SILAM. This study investigates a possibility of large eddy simulation time data coarsening (filtering) for use in SILAM for microscale calculations. Experiments with scalar tracers with a limited lifetime are carried out under conditions of convective boundary layer. A comparison between the calculations with filtered and nonfiltered data demonstrate that time data coarsening is possible without a significant loss in accuracy for tracers whose lifetime is much longer than the coarsening scale and the timestep of the filtered data.
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KAVASSERI, RAJESH G., and RADHAKRISHNAN NAGARAJAN. "A QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARY LAYER WIND SPEED RECORDS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 06, no. 02 (June 2006): L201—L213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021947750600329x.
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The complexity of the atmosphere endows it with the property of turbulence by virtue of which, wind speed variations in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) exhibit highly irregular fluctuations that persist over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Despite the large and significant body of work on microscale turbulence, understanding the statistics of atmospheric wind speed variations has proved to be elusive and challenging. Knowledge about the nature of wind speed at ABL has far reaching impact on several fields of research such as meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, pollutant dispersion, and more importantly wind energy generation. In the present study, temporal wind speed records from twenty eight stations distributed through out the state of North Dakota (ND, USA), (~ 70,000 square-miles) and spanning a period of nearly eight years are analyzed. We show that these records exhibit a characteristic broad multifractal spectrum irrespective of the geographical location and topography. The rapid progression of air masses with distinct qualitative characteristics originating from Polar regions, Gulf of Mexico and Northern Pacific account for irregular changes in the local weather system in ND. We hypothesize that one of the primary reasons for the observed multifractal structure could be the irregular recurrence and confluence of these three air masses.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microscale atmospheric dispersion":
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Lumet, Eliott. "Évaluation et réduction des incertitudes pour la simulation numérique de la dispersion atmosphérique à micro-échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES003.
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La qualité de l'air est fortement dégradée lors d'évènements comme les accidents industriels au cours desquels des gaz et des particules néfastes sont libérées dans l'atmosphère et transportées sous l'effet du vent. En milieu urbain, les bâtiments ont un effet de blocage sur l'écoulement ce qui peut entraîner des pics de pollution et donc des risques à court terme pour la santé et l'environnement. Localiser ces pics nécessite de recourir à des modèles résolvant les équations fondamentales de la physique des écoulements et leurs interactions avec le milieu bâti. Malgré leur complexité, ces modèles présentent des incertitudes notamment liées aux conditions atmosphériques. Cette thèse vise à construire et valider un système de modélisation permettant d'estimer ces incertitudes et d'identifier les scénarios possibles de dispersion, en s'appuyant sur des outils venant de l'apprentissage statistique et en informant le modèle à partir d'observations in-situAir quality is severely degraded during events such as industrial accidents. Harmful gases and particles are released into the atmosphere and carried by the wind. In built environments, these pollutants can lead to local pollution peaks due to buildings blocking the flow, resulting in short-term health and environmental risks. Locating these peaks requires the use of models solving the fundamental equations of fluid dynamics and their interactions with the built environment. Despite their complexity, these models are subject to uncertainties that are partly linked to atmospheric conditions. The aim of this thesis is to build and validate a modeling system able of estimating these uncertainties and identifying possible dispersion scenarios. This is achieved by using tools derived from statistical learning and by informing the model with in-situ observations
Book chapters on the topic "Microscale atmospheric dispersion":
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Anandan, P., P. Shanmugha Sundaram, T. Saravanan, and M. Arivanandhan. "SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GADOLINIUM MIXED YTTRIUM OXIDE NANO MATERIALS." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 23, 67–78. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs23p2ch1.
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Gadolinium mixed Yttrium oxide (Y2O3:Gd) nano material shave been synthesized by co-precipitation technique. The synthesized materials have been annealed at 500C, 750C and 1000°C using a muffle furnace at normal atmosphere. It is observed that the crystalline nature of the nano powders was increased due to annealing process which is evidenced by the observed diffraction planes in the powder diffraction patterns.In order to identify the oxide vibrations in response to the IR frequency, the FTIR spectra have been recorded and the different modes of vibration of rare earth oxides have been observed. The elemental analysis has been carried out using XPS and energy dispersive spectral analysis using a scanning electron microscope. The weight ratio and atomic ratio of the elements present in the sample has been identified and discussed. The morphology of the annealed samples has been studied through high resolution SEM images and the crystallite size was found by using TEM images. The photo luminescence spectral analysis indicated that the synthesized materials have emission in the blue region. However, it is also observed that the annealing temperature of the samples has influenced significantly on the structure, morphology and photoluminescence property.
Conference papers on the topic "Microscale atmospheric dispersion":
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Nony, Bastien X., Mélanie C. Rochoux, Thomas Jaravel, and Didier Lucor. "REDUCED-ORDER MODEL FOR MICROSCALE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION COMBINING MULTI-FIDELITY LES AND RANS DATA." In 5th International Conference on Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Sciences and Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research National Technical University of Athens, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120223.10337.19817.
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Liu, T., and A. Ansar. "Experimental and Numerical Study of the Effect of Gas-Shrouded Plasma Spraying on Cathode Coating of Alkaline Electrolysis Cells." In ITSC2017, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2017p0121.
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Abstract Dual layer electrode coating for alkaline water electrolysis was prepared by plasma spraying. For improving performance this work aims at reducing the oxide in electrode coating. Regarding the necessity of obtaining high specific area, atmospheric plasma spray was employed under protection of argon which was used as shrouding gas. Composite cathode was established on Ni-coated perforated steel sheet with crushed and gas atomized Nickel-based alloy powders. The dual-layer structure was a composite of 5 layers of NiAl at the bottom and 10 layers of NiAlMo as the top layer. Microstructure and morphology were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Element content was estimated by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Enthalpy probe was introduced for measuring plasma temperature and velocity as well as gas composition. Numerical calculation was carried out with same condition for better understanding the shrouding effect. The results showed moderate protection by using of arranged gas shrouding. Overall, in the dual layer region, oxygen content was decreased by 0.3%, from 3.46% to 3.15%. With gas shrouding coating exhibited similar element contents as coating sprayed by VPS. However, no obvious difference was observed in microstructure and morphology with or without gas shrouding.
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Haneji, T., K. Miyagi, M. Goya, T. Sueyoshi, Z. Nakao, and M. Ushio. "Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of the Composite Joints With Metal Powder and Electric Current Flow." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17141.
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Abstract The solid-state welding method was applied under atmospheric conditions by using metal powder medium which was interposed in the space between the two solid bars of specimen (i.e., base metal), and was compressed longitudinally and simultaneously current was conducted to generate Joule thermal heat. Some fundamental data on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the joint were obtained by using resistance welding. In the experiments, the specimen materials used as base metals in this study were pure aluminum, stainless steel and titanium bars of solid, and the powder media were aluminum, nickel and silicon powder. The mixed silicon powder medium increases electric resistance between base metals, moreover, to obtain mechanical properties. Four experiments were conducted with different specimen; The first experiment used two solid aluminum specimen bars with aluminum powder medium. The second, two solid aluminum specimen bars with mixed aluminum and nickel powder media. The third, two solid aluminum specimen bars with mixed nickel and silicon powder media. And the fourth, solid specimen were different materials and had relatively different melting points. Such as solid aluminum and stainless steel (SUS430) with mixed nickel and silicon powder media, and solid aluminum and titanium with mixed aluminum and nickel powder media. Data were obtained with the intent of optimizing the method using powder medium between a pair of solid sample specimen and observation, analysis and assessment were made with microscope. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). X-ray Diffraction (XRD), tensile strength, Vickers hardness and bending U-shape flexure tests.
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Sperka, Jirí, Lenka Zajícková, Ondrej Jasek, Annapurna Pamreddy, Josef Havel, Jan Schäfer, and Rüdiger Foest. "Growth of Carbon Materials on Gold Substrate by Plasma Enhanced CVD." In 13th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering September 10 - 14, 2012, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/wcc2.395-398.
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Carbon is a versatile building element of many interesting materials that have already find practical applications in the form of thin films (diamond, DLC) or potential applications in the form of nanostructures (fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene). For electronics or sensors, it is important to provide a very good contact to the functional structures. Gold is the best choice taking into account its inertness, i. e. oxidation resistance. From this point of view the investigation of the growth of carbon materials on gold is important. The carbon-gold interaction plays an important role in different fields of electronics such as atomic force microscope lithography, bioelectronics or semiconductor industry. Research in this field is developing rapidly e. g. the modification of interface structure and contact resistance between a CNT and gold electrode was recently modified by Joule melting and amorphous C-Au nanocomposite thin films were deposited by dc magnetron co-sputtering. Herein we report on the preparation and characterization of the carbon nanocomposites which were synthesized on gold substrate from methane precursor using low pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition technique and two different plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) methods. The former one PECVD proceeded in microwave reactor at low pressure and the latter one was carried out using non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (ntAPPJ). Presented approach is based on the deposition of carbon material on gold instead of the deposition of gold on carbon material which is more common. Surprisingly, we didnt find similar studies dealing with the synthesis of carbon nanocomposites using direct deposition from hydrocarbon precursor on the gold thin _lm. The surface morphology was studied by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). Depth-structure profile including the film thickness was observed using the focused ion beam ablation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF MS) were used to study the chemical properties. Gold and carbon related clusters were observed by means of mass spectrometric study.
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P, Raja, and Penchaliah Ramkumar. "Effect of Soft Reinforcement Particles on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Sintered Copper-Based Brake Composite Friction Material." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0132.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The main objective of the work is to investigate the friction and wear behavior of sintered copper-based brake composite friction material with a change in the volume percentage of soft reinforcement particles namely MoS<sub>2</sub> by pin-on-disc tribometer for medium-duty automotive applications. The composite brake friction material contains copper (Cu) as a matrix, tin (Sn) as an additive, silicon carbide (SiC) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) as hard and soft reinforcement particles and barium sulfate (BaSO<sub>4</sub>) as filler. These hybrids copper-based brake composite friction (pin) samples are successfully prepared by a change in compositions of MoS<sub>2</sub> from 0 to 5 vol. % in the step of 1 vol. % and the characterizations of friction samples are studied to understand the physical and mechanical properties such as density, hardness, and compressive strength. Finally, the dry sliding friction and wear test is conducted against grey cast iron material (disc) at constant load and sliding speed of 50 N and 5 m/s respectively using pin-on-disc equipment under room atmosphere. Based on the analysis of the result, the developed copper-based brake composite friction sample with 2 vol. % of MoS<sub>2</sub> has shown better mechanical and tribological properties among other compositions. Further, post-test analysis on the worn-out sample surfaces using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that change in wear mechanisms from abrasion to adhesion as an increase in the volume percentage of MoS<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>