Academic literature on the topic 'Microsatelliti nucleari'
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Journal articles on the topic "Microsatelliti nucleari"
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Kaundun, Shiv Shankhar, and Satoru Matsumoto. "Heterologous nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite amplification and variation in tea, Camellia sinensis." Genome 45, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-070.
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The advantage of the cross transferability of heterologous chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite primers was taken to detect polymorphism among 24 tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) genotypes, including both the assamica and the sinensis varieties. Primer information was obtained from the closely related Camellia japonica species for four nuclear microsatellites, and from Nicotiana tabaccum for seven universal chloroplast microsatellites. All of the nuclear microsatellite loci tested generated an expected DNA fragment in tea, revealing between three and five alleles per locus. Four out of the seven chloroplast microsatellites primers amplified positively, and of these only one was polymorphic with three alleles, which is in agreement with the conserved nature of chloroplast microsatellites at the intraspecific level. A factorial correspondence analysis carried out on all genotypes and nuclear microsatellite alleles separated the assamica and sinensis genotypes into two groups, thus demonstrating the value of these markers in establishing the genetic relationship between tea varieties. Genetic diversity measured with nuclear microsatellites was higher than that measured with other types of molecular markers, offering prospects for their use in fingerprinting, mapping, and population genetic studies, whereas polymorphisms detected at a cpSSR locus will allow the determination of plastid inheritance in the species. Key words: tea, Camellia sinensis, SSR, microsatellites, genetic diversity.
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Hale, M. L., A. M. Borland, and K. Wolff. "High degree of conservation of nuclear microsatellite loci in the genus Clusia." Genome 48, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 946–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-048.
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In plants, microsatellites and their flanking DNA are rarely conserved across a whole genus, let alone other genera in the same family. Therefore, the possibility of using microsatellite primers developed for a species across a large number of plant species in the same genus is often limited. Remarkably, dinucleotide nuclear microsatellites developed for Clusia minor and for Clusia nemorosa amplified homologous microsatellites in species across the whole genus Clusia. In this present study, we report on the DNA sequence variation across the genus of 3 microsatellite loci with varying levels of variation. Compared over the species, there was a correlation between the lengths of the microsatellite loci. Interrupts occurred multiple times and did not seem to lead to the death of the microsatellite. These highly conserved markers will be useful for studying the variable reproductive systems in the genus Clusia.Key words: microsatellite, Clusia, cross-species amplification, microsatellite evolution.
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Ishii, T., Y. Xu, and S. R. McCouch. "Nuclear- and chloroplast-microsatellite variation in A-genome species of rice." Genome 44, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-044.
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Simple sequence length polymorphism analysis was carried out to reveal microsatellite variation and to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among A-genome species of rice. Total DNA from 29 cultivars (23 Oryza sativa and 6 O. glaberrima) and 30 accessions of wild A-genome species (12 O. rufipogon, 5 O. glumaepatula, 2 O. longistaminata, 6 O. meridionalis, and 5 O. barthii) was used as a template for PCR to detect 24 nuclear and 10 chloroplast microsatellite loci. Microsatellite allelic diversity was examined based on amplified banding patterns. Microsatellites amplified clearly in all 59 accessions, with an average of 18.4 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.85 to 0.94, with an average of 0.89. At the species level, high average PIC values were observed in O. sativa (0.79) and O. rufipogon (0.80). For chloroplast microsatellites, the average number of alleles per locus and the average PIC value were 2.9 and 0.38, respectively. While the magnitude of diversity was much greater for nuclear microsatellites than for chloroplast microsatellites, they showed parallel patterns of differentiation for each taxonomic group. Using the ratio of common alleles (estimated as size of amplified fragments) as a similarity index, the average percentages of common microsatellite alleles were calculated between taxa. For both nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites, O. sativa showed the highest similarity values to O. rufipogon, and O. glaberrima was most similar to O. barthii. These data support previous evidence that these cultivars originated from the corresponding wild ancestral species.Key words: simple sequence length polymorphism, SSLP, microsatellite marker, rice, Oryza sativa, allelic diversity, phylogenetics.
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Zhang, Dan-Dan, Pi Luo, Ying Chen, Zheng-Feng Wang, Wan-Hui Ye, and Hong-Lin Cao. "Short Note: Isolation and Characterization of 12 Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers in Engelhardia roxburghiana (Juglandaceae)." Silvae Genetica 63, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2014): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2014-0014.
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Abstract Engelhardia roxburghiana is a common half evergreen tree with a wide distribution in southeast Asia. Despite its ecological and pharmaceutical values, its genetic diversity is poorly studied. Our objective was to develop nuclear microsatellite markers to investigate the level of genetic diversity within and among populations in the future. Using the microsatellite-enriched library and PCR-based screening method, 12 microsatellite markers were developed and showed polymorphism in a population. The number of alleles per locus for these 12 microsatellites ranged from four to 15. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.358 to 0.897 and from 0.369 to 0.886, respectively. The developed microsatellites will be useful for studying genetic diversity and population structure in E. roxburghiana.
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McConnell, Stewart K., Patrick O'Reilly, Lorraine Hamilton, Jonathan M. Wright, and Paul Bentzen. "Polymorphic microsatellite loci from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): genetic differentiation of North American and European populations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 1863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-779.
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Atlantic salmon populations show low levels of genetic differentiation relative to other salmonid species, when surveyed by allozymes, and with mitochondrial DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA markers. Here we report the application of three novel microsatellite VNTR loci to population differentiation in Atlantic salmon. A total of 232 microsatellites, cloned from Atlantic salmon, were classified as perfect, imperfect, and compound repeats. Microsatellite length, as in other teleosts, was significantly larger than published mammalian microsatellites. Primers for PCR amplification of three salmon microsatellites were designed. Allele frequencies, degree of polymorphism, and heterozygosity were estimated for five populations from Nova Scotia, Canada, and from Europe. Nei's genetic distances of 0.02–0.9 were observed among populations. There was a clear discrimination between Canadian and European fish based on unique alleles present at two loci. These Atlantic salmon primers also amplify presumably homologous loci in nine other salmonid species. The polymorphic microsatellites loci reported here demonstrate great potential as genetic markers in population, breeding, and evolutionary studies.
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Gaffney, Patrick M., Carita M. Pascal, Jeffery Barnhart, W. Stewart Grant, and James E. Seeb. "Genetic homogeneity of weathervane scallops (Patinopecten caurinus) in the northeastern Pacific." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 11 (November 2010): 1827–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-096.
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We assessed genetic differentiation among populations of weathervane scallop ( Patinopecten caurinus ) in the northeastern Pacific, extending over 2500 km in the Gulf of Alaska and southeastern Bering Sea. Variability was surveyed at nuclear loci with allozyme, microsatellite, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) methods, and at mitochondrial (mt)DNA loci with SNPs and nucleotide sequencing. High levels of gene diversity were detected for allozymes (H = 0.080), microsatellites (H = 0.734), and mtDNA (h = 0.781). Genotypes at nuclear loci generally fit Hardy–Weinberg proportions, except for some microsatellite loci, for which null-allele frequencies of 0.02 to 0.34 were estimated. No allele-frequency differences were detected among samples, except for the allozyme loci Gpi and Pep-4. Overall levels of differentiation ranged from FST = 0.0004 for allozymes, FST = 0.0008 for mtDNA to FST = 0.0004 for microsatellites. No isolation by distance was found for any of the markers. A unimodal mtDNA mismatch distribution and significant excesses of low-frequency variants for allozymes, microsatellites, and mtDNA may reflect a post-glacial population expansion. The lack of genetic differentiation measured by neutral markers does not preclude the existence of locally adapted, self-sustaining populations that are important in the harvest management of this species.
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Garner, Trenton WJ. "Genome size and microsatellites: the effect of nuclear size on amplification potential." Genome 45, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-113.
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Although the frequency of microsatellite DNA regions generally increases with increasing genome size, genome size has a negative effect on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Thus, researchers developing sets of PCR primers, as is commonly done for microsatellite DNA regions, may encounter greater difficulty when working with species that have larger genomes. I investigated the effect of genome size on overall amplification success using data from nine different metazoan taxa. The proportion of primer sets that did not amplify PCR products was strongly and positively correlated with the haploid C value of the target species. Increasing genome size may affect amplification success negatively because of a decrease in target:nontarget DNA or by dilution of the available primer pool by nonspecific binding.Key words: microsatellites, genome size, amplification success.
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Bloomfield, Justin A., Paul Nevill, Brad M. Potts, René E. Vaillancourt, and Dorothy A. Steane. "Molecular genetic variation in a widespread forest tree species Eucalyptus obliqua (Myrtaceae) on the island of Tasmania." Australian Journal of Botany 59, no. 3 (2011): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10315.
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Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér. is widespread across south-eastern Australia. On the island of Tasmania it has a more-or-less continuous distribution across its range and it dominates much of the wet sclerophyll forest managed for forestry purposes. To understand better the distribution of genetic variation in these native forests we examined nuclear microsatellite diversity in 432 mature individuals from 20 populations of E. obliqua across Tasmania, including populations from each end of three locally steep environmental gradients. In addition, chloroplast microsatellite loci were assessed in 297 individuals across 31 populations. Nuclear microsatellite diversity values in E. obliqua were high (average HE = 0.80) and inbreeding coefficients low (average F = 0.02) within these populations. The degree of differentiation between populations was very low (FST = 0.015). No significant microsatellite differentiation could be found across three locally steep environmental gradients, even though there is significant genetic differentiation in quantitative traits. This suggests that the observed quantitative variation is maintained by natural selection. Population differentiation based on chloroplast haplotypes was high (GST = 0.69) compared with that based on nuclear microsatellites, suggesting that pollen-mediated gene flow is >150 times the level of seed-mediated gene flow in this animal-pollinated species; hence, pollen is likely to be the main mode of gene flow countering selection along local environmental gradients. Implications of these results for silvicultural practices are discussed.
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LENDVAY, Bertalan, Andrzej PEDRYC, and Mária Höhn. "Characterization of Nuclear Microsatellite Markers for the Narrow Endemic Syringa josikaea Jacq. fil. ex Rchb." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41, no. 1 (May 28, 2013): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4119023.
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The species of the genus Syringa L. are among the most popular ornamental plants worldwide. One particular species, Syringa josikaea, a rare endemic of the Carpathian Mountains, is of great conservation interest. Although microsatellite markers may be useful for studying the genetic variability of varieties and populations, no microsatellites have previously been characterized for any species of the Syringa genus. Our aim was therefore to test the applicability of microsatellite primers developed for neighboring genera (Olea and Ligustrum) and to complement these with markers isolated and characterized for S. josikaea. Twelve primer pairs of Olea and Ligustrum were tested by optimizing PCR conditions and checking the variability in 40 samples of two populations of S. josikaea. Two of them proved to be easy to PCR amplify and variable at the same time. To develop new primers we constructed a microsatellite enriched library and sequenced 48 clones. 18 sequences contained microsatellite motifs, and three of the designed primer pairs presented high allele variability. The five primer pairs characterized for S. josikaea proved to be highly informative and sufficient to distinguish between individuals. These microsatellite primers are valuable tools to study genetic variation of native populations, genetic lineages of hybrids and cultivars of S. josikaea.
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Hebel, I., R. Haas, and Aikaterini Dounavi. "Genetic Variation of Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) Populations From Provenance Regions in Southern Germany by Using Nuclear and Chloroplast Microsatellites." Silvae Genetica 55, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2006): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2006-0006.
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Abstract The genetic structure of 14 populations from three ash provenance regions (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in southern Germany (Aid Infodienst, 2003) is described by analysing the variation of four nuclear and five cpDNA microsatellites. The study of the nuclear microsatellites revealed high levels of genetic diversity but low levels of genetic differentiation, suggesting a high degree of gene flow among regions and/or human interference by introducing plant material coming from different provenances. The distributions of the allele frequencies and the genetic structures at these four microsatellite loci did not allow the identification of distinct provenance regions, although “private alleles” were encountered with moderate to low frequencies (above 5 percent). Specifically, the Rhine valley populations (provenance region 81105) and these from the Swabian Jura and Black Forest (provenance region 81107) revealed private alleles at the two microsatellite loci Femsatl4 and Femsatl12. A more distinct differentiation between provenances was found based on the cpDNA markers. Evidence on genetic delineation and characterization of ash provenances is discussed. Based on these results, provenance regions can be genetically characterised but further analysis of ash populations and of reproductive material (seeds or seedlings) would be of great importance for provenance delineation, as well as gene conservation and sustainable management of ash populations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microsatelliti nucleari"
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MELIS, RICCARDO. "Analisi del differenziamento genetico tra popolazioni di Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 mediante marcatori nucleari e mitocondriali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266514.
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The common octopus, Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, represents an important commercial fishery marine resource all over the world, characterized by increasing requests from the markets. In the Mediterranean Sea, especially for the Italian fishery, this species constitutes an important portion of trawling and artisanal landings. In Italy, despite the great socio-economic interest, specific management measures do not exist at the national level for this resource.
The common octopus is a very interesting topic both for applied studies and for the basic research, especially at the taxonomic level, because of the uncertainties regarding the occurrence of a single species, with cosmopolitan distribution, or the existence of multiple species forming a ‘species complex’.
The principal aim of this work is the genetic characterization of seven populations of O. vulgaris along the coasts of Sardinia in order to obtain useful indications for the selection of correct management units. The genetic analyses have been realized using three different genetic markers, two mitochondrial (the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and III (COIII) genes), and one nuclear marker (five microsatellites loci). All markers proved to be useful in investigating the genetic structure of the populations. In particular, the mitochondrial sequences were useful in comparisons with homologous ones from the GenBank database to evaluate the species’ taxonomy.
The results of AMOVA show a substantial homogeneity in Sardinian populations that display low levels of differentiation, both with the nuclear marker (FST=0.004 ns), and the mitochondrial ones (ΦSTCOI=0.003 ns; ΦSTCOIII=0.0002 ns). The pairwise analyses show low levels of differentiation and not significant values for all the genetic markers. The lack of significant genetic differentiation in the Sardinian samples is further confirmed by DAPC, PCA analyses and the Bayesian clustering of the software STRUCTURE.
The demography was investigated using all the genetic markers, which pointed out the lack of demographic changes in recent time. The multimodal mismatch distributions
reaffirm the occurrence of populations demographically stable. The stability of the populations was confirmed by the haplotype network analyses with the two mitochondrial markers, highlighting a common situation in stationary populations: several principal haplotypes, shared by all the locations, and an increasing number of new secondary haplotypes arising from mutational events.
The COI and COIII sequences permitted the comparison of the Sardinian haplotypes with the O. vulgaris sequences available in GenBank. Both markers highlight a genetic affinity among Sardinian specimens and the sequences from the Mediterranean Sea (France, Spain, Central Mediterranean and Turkey), the Eastern Atlantic Ocean (Morocco, Senegal and Galicia), the Southern Atlantic Ocean (South Africa and Tristan da Cunha) and the Southern Indian Ocean (Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands). This substantial genetic homogeneity contrasts with some sequences (from specimens collected in Turkey, Japan, China, Brazil and Venezuela) that resulted to be highly divergent from all the others. This finding reaffirms the potential existence of several O. vulgaris populations, just partially interconnected, or the even occurrence of distinct species, and emphasizes the need for more detailed phylogeographic and taxonomic studies of the Octopus genus to confirm or exclude the presence of cryptic species within the taxon, as suggested by several authors.
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Proudfoot, Glenn Arthur. "Mitochondrial and nuclear assessment of Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium Brasilianum) Phylogrography." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3978.
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Sequences of the cytochrome b gene and genotypes from 11 polymorphic
microsatellite loci were used to assess phylogeographic variation in ferruginous
pygmy-owls (Glaucidium brasilianum) from Arizona, Mexico, and Texas. Analysis of
mtDNA indicated that pygmy-owl populations in Arizona and Texas are unique, with no
shared haplotypes. Populations from Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, were distinct from
remaining populations in Mexico and grouped closest to haplotypes in Arizona. Nested
clade analysis of mtDNA sequence data indicated past fragmentation separated
pygmy-owls into two major groups: 1) Arizona, Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, and 2)
southwestern (Nayarit and Michoacan), south-central (Oaxaca and Chiapas), and eastern
Mexico, along the eastern slope of the Sierra Madre Oriental from Texas to Central
America. In addition, analysis of mtDNA variation in several species of Glaucidium
support the recommendation that populations of G. brasilianum from Mexico, Texas,
and Arizona represent a phylogenetically distinct group from populations occurring in
South America. The level of separation between the North and South Americanpopulations justifies granting species status (G. ridgwayi) to the North American
population. Analysis of distance matrices derived from genotypes of 11 polymorphic
microsatellite loci supports restricted gene flow between pygmy-owl populations in
Arizona-Sonora and Sinaloa, and Texas-Tamaulipas and the remainder of states in
Mexico. The Arizona-Sonora population showed signs of a recent genetic bottleneck, an
observation supported by low population estimates for Arizona (13-117 individuals).
Heterozygosity in Arizona, however, was equal to levels recorded throughout Mexico
and Texas. Congruent patterns revealed by both mtDNA and nuclear DNA
(microsatellites) indicate Arizona and Texas populations are distinct subspecies that
require the design and implementation of separate management plans for recovery and
conservation efforts.
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Reichow, Denise. "Microsatellites as nuclear markers for population studies in the squid Loligo opalescens (Berry, 1911)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0009/NQ52713.pdf.
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Ingram, Colleen Marie. "The evolution of nuclear microsatellite DNA markers and their flanking regions using reciprocal comparisons within the African mole-rats (Rodentia: Bathyergidae)." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4370.
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Microsatellites are repetitive DNA characterized by tandem repeats of short
motifs (2 â 5 bp). High mutation rates make them ideal for population level studies.
Microsatellite allele genesis is generally attributed to strand slippage, and it is assumed
that alleles are caused only by changes in repeat number. Most analyses are limited to
alleles (electromorphs) scored by mobility only, and models of evolution rarely account
for homoplasy in allele length. Additionally, insertion/deletion events (indels) in the
flanking region or interruptions in the repeat can obfuscate the accuracy of genotyping.
Many investigators use microsatellites, designed for a focal species, to screen for
genetic variation in non-focal species. Comparative studies have shown different
mutation rates of microsatellites in different species, and even individuals. Recent
studies have used reciprocal comparisons to assess the level of polymorphism of
microsatellites between pairs of taxa.
In this study, I investigated the evolution of microsatellites within a phylogenetic
context, using comparisons within the rodent family Bathyergidae. Bathyergidae
represents a monophyletic group endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and relationships are well supported by morphological and molecular data. Using mitochondrial and nuclear
DNA, a robust phylogeny was generated for the Bathyergidae. From my results, I
proposed the new genus, Coetomys.
I designed species-specific genotyping and microsatellite flanking sequence
(MFS) primers for each genus. Sequencing of the MFS provided direct evidence of the
evolutionary dynamics of the repeat motifs and their flanking sequence, including
rampant electromorphic homoplasy, null alleles, and indels. This adds to the growing
body of evidence regarding problems with genotype scores from fragment analysis. A
number of the loci isolated were linked with repetitive elements (LTRs and SINEs),
characterized as robust phylogenetic characters. Results suggest that cryptic variation in
microsatellite loci are not trivial and should be assessed in all studies.
The phylogenetic utility of the nucleotide variation of the MFS was compared to
the well-resolved relationships of this family based on the 12S/TTR phylogeny.
Variation observed in MFS generated robust phylogenies, congruent with results from
12S/TTR. Finally, a number of the indels within the MFS provided a suite of suitable
phylogenetic characters.
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Hunter, Devra Denise. "Did bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas undergo a genetic bottleneck? A test using nuclear microsatellite loci." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2648.
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This study reexamines the nuclear microsatellite analysis by Rooney et al. (1999a) of Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) to determine if this population underwent a genetic bottleneck as a result of 19th and early 20th Century commercial whaling. This investigation used more accurate laboratory techniques to score alleles, had a larger sample size that was divided into two groups (mainland Alaska and St. Lawrence Island (SLI)), and used a moderately different set of microsatellite loci which are more variable and thus, more informative. The results corroborate the findings of Rooney et al. (1999a) for mainland Alaska showing no evidence of a genetic bottleneck. However, the SLI data analyses provide conflicting conclusions. The Wilcoxon test is significant for a heterozygote excess (p = 0.042) suggesting that a genetic bottleneck has occurred. This is not substantiated by the exact tests of each locus or the table-wide sign test. There is a possibility that a bottleneck has occurred, but due to the small sample size this is not a definitive conclusion and warrants reanalysis with a larger sample size.
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Dahlberg, Helena. "Has modern Swedish forestry affected genetic diversity in Norway spruce stands?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108056.
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Norway spruce is one of two dominating species in Swedish forestry and the most economically important tree species in Sweden. In order to preserve the ability to adapt to a changing environment and to keep populations healthy, genetic diversity has to be preserved. When choosing a small number of individuals from a natural stand to establish a seed orchard the population size decrease. With only a small number of genetically different individuals the risk of inbreeding increase. Furthermore if many clones of the same tree are used in one seed orchard there is also an increased risk selfing. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether genetic diversity in Norway spruce differs between age groups and if this can be attributed to forestry practices. All sampling was done from a single location in Västerbotten, Sweden and the different age groups were chosen to represent stands not affected by the modern forest industry to recently planted forests. The chosen age groups are young (12-18 years), intermediate (30-45 years), and old (above 85 years). From each age group 150 individuals were sampled. With genomic microsatellite markers each individual was genotyped at eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Results show an overall high genetic diversity with an average expected heterozygosity (He) at 0.842 and low genetic differentiation with an average fixation index among populations (FST) of 0.003. The genetic diversity of each age group was also high (He 0.832 to 0.843) and the inbreeding coefficient ranged from 0.061 in the old group to 0.078 in the intermediate group. The pairwise FST value was highest between the old group and the young group but the differentiation was only 0.005 (P=0.001). An analysis of molecular variance also showed that only 0.34% of the total genetic variance was explained by differences among age groups. This study found little evidence for a decrease in genetic diversity due to forestry practices and revealed high genetic diversity and low differentiation between the age groups, indicating a healthy population.
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Finnegan, Anna Kathryn. "The genetic structuring of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations in northwest Europe as revealed through nuclear microsatellite and mtDNA PCR-RFLP analysis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/72213.
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The structuring of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) into discrete, genetically differentiated populations both within and between river catchments is well documented. The utilisation of this knowledge has proved valuable in a variety of evolutionary, ecological, managerial and conservation contexts. In this thesis, the genetic structuring of Atlantic salmon populations in northwest Europe was assessed in two catchments of very different sizes, using a range of molecular and associated population genetic methods; findings from the catchment level research are set in context by a broader phylogeographic study of post-glacial colonisation of the region. A regional study into the glacial origins and post-glacial colonisation routes of Atlantic salmon in northwest Europe was explored by analysing a pre-existing microsatellite dataset and supplementing it with haplotype data from mtDNA PCR-RFLP analysis of the same samples (N=702). Evidence from allele permutation tests undertaken on the microsatellite data alongside mtDNA haplotype frequencies suggested that there was a cryptic northern refuge in northwest France, with colonisation of the British Isles and Ireland occurring from this and the long-known Iberian Peninsula refuge. Catchment level studies were undertaken on the river Dart and river Tweed, involving 1151 fish being genotyped with 14 microsatellite loci with a subset of 211 fish being genotyped by mtDNA PCR-RFLP. In both catchments, populations were found to be weakly differentiated genetically, and were most consistent with the meta-population theory of evolution. Similarly, individual spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that each major tributary within the catchments could be considered as a distinct management or conservation unit. In the Tweed dataset, however, limitations in the sample coverage across the catchment reduced the robustness of some findings. Historical stocking of the river Dart with fish from Scotland and Iceland is well-documented. The long-term implications of these activities on contemporary Dart populations were assessed by genotyping 177 fish from the donor populations using scale samples taken in the 1960s and comparing them to contemporary Dart populations by undertaking admixture analysis. Overall, admixture between the donor and recipient populations was low and appeared to reflect natural underlying levels of genetic relationships. However, increased admixture of donor stocks with one extant Dart population was apparent, indicating some potentially long-term localised success of the stocked fish through hybridisation with the native populations; nevertheless, with the population continuing to decline, this should not be viewed as a successful supplementation programme. Two tributaries on the river Tweed, the Gala and Leader, were inaccessible to salmon for long periods due to the construction of barriers to migration. On both tributaries, fish passes were installed in the 1940s and re-colonisation of the tributaries was possible. Assignment analysis was undertaken and indicated that, contrary to findings for between catchment studies, salmon straying from the most proximate tributaries (i.e. the Ettrick and Caddon) did not appear to be the principal colonisers of the current Gala and Leader populations. Rather, the highest proportion of Gala samples assigned to the Teviot (42%), with the Leader populations assigning to many tributaries across the catchment (Ettrick 28%; Upper 21%; Teviot 19%). However, given the relatively weak differentiation of the baseline samples and limitations inherent in the dataset, the correct self-assignment of baseline samples was very low (average 26%; range 0-47%), hence interpretation must be undertaken with caution. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that the Gala population may have reached a temporally stable state in the 60 years since it has been accessible to salmon. Whilst the relatively small scale of these studies is acknowledged, the application of the findings in management and conservation of the species are discussed in a wider context. These studies would support the following recommendations: to include information on the historic (refugial) origin of contemporary populations in regional management strategies; to treat each major tributary as a distinct unit as an appropriate scale for catchment level management; and, with stocking and supplementation programmes appearing to have no significant long-term success, coupled with the relative speed with which extirpated tributaries appear to be naturally re-colonised, the use of stocking and supplementation programmes should be discouraged.
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Bloor, Paul. "Micro-evolutionary processes within a volcanic island : patterns of morphological, mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellite DNA variation in the lacertid lizard gallotia atlantica on the island of Lanzarote." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517872.
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Presti, Flavia Torres. "Caracterização da diversidade genética, da estrutura populacional e do parentesco de arara-azul-grande (Anodorhynchus hyacintthinus) por meio da análise dos genomas nuclear e mitocondrial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-21022011-143940/.
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O Brasil é o país mais rico do mundo em espécies de psitacídeos (cerca de 74), sendo 17 delas ameaçadas de extinção. Entre elas está a arara-azul (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) que é considerada vulnerável e pode se tornar ameaçada num futuro próximo, em conseqüência do intenso tráfico ilegal e perda do seu habitat. No presente estudo estimamos os níveis de variabilidade e caracterizamos a estrutura genética de populações naturais de A. hyacinthinus. Analisamos 10 locos de microssatélites de 98 indivíduos e seqüências concatenadas de genes mitocondriais (ND5, citocromo-b e ND2; 2123 pb total) de 80 indivíduos. O índice de diversidade genética foi considerado baixo em relação a outras espécies de psitacídeos. Além disso, os índices RST e a análise bayesiana dos dados de microssatélites indicaram moderada estruturação genética entre indivíduos de quatro regiões geográficas (Pantanal norte, Pantanal sul, norte e nordeste), mas os índices de FST indicaram diferenciação somente entre três regiões (norte e nordeste sem diferenciação). A estruturação entre essas três regiões foi congruente com a forte estruturação genética apontada pelos índices de FST e pela rede de haplótipos das seqüências mitocondriais. Baseado nos dados mitocondriais o tempo de divergência entre os grupos genéticos de A. hyacinthinus foi estimado em 16 a 42 mil anos atrás, o que corresponde ao final do Pleistoceno. Ainda, os resultados apontaram para uma população demograficamente estável ao longo do tempo, o que pode indicar que a baixa variabilidade pode ser uma característica da espécie. Entretanto, a rede de haplótipos apresenta forma em estrela com alguns haplótipos de baixa freqüência, o que pode indicar expansão recente, principalmente para região nordeste. Baseado nos dados de estruturação genética populacional, foi possivel indicar a possível origem de indivíduos apreendidos e sem procedência conhecida, o que é importante para realizar ações preventivas de repressão e fiscalização. Adicionalmente, foram analisados sete locos de microssatélites de filhotes amostrados no mesmo ninho (mesma estação reprodutiva, estações reprodutivas consecutivas e estações alternadas) em duas regiões do Pantanal. Os resultados sugerem que a espécie é predominantemente monogâmica estrita, mas há pelo menos 12,5% de paternidade extra-par e 6,5% de parasitismo de ninho. Além disso, foram confirmados dados obtidos em campo de que muitos casais utilizam o mesmo ninho em anos consecutivos e alternados. Finalmente, padronizamos a sexagem molecular de amostras de penas de muda. Concluindo, os resultados genéticos obtidos nesse trabalho trazem informações sobre os processos envolvidos na história evolutiva dessa espécie, além de contribuir com informações sobre o comportamento reprodutivo das araras-azuis proporcionando mais subsídios para elaboração de programas de conservação.Brazil has the highest number of parrot species in the world (about 74), 17 of them endangered. Among them is the hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), which is considered vulnerable and could become endangered in the near future, due to the intense illegal traffic and loss of habitat. In this study we estimated levels of variability and characterized the genetic structure of natural populations of hyacinth macaws. We analyzed 10 microsatellite loci from 98 individuals and concatenated sequences of mitochondrial genes (ND5, cytochrome b and ND2, 2,123 bp total) from 80 individuals. The genetic diversity index was low compared to those from other species of parrots. In addition, RST indeces and Bayesian analysis of microsatellite data showed moderate genetic structure among individuals of four regions in Brazil (north Pantanal, south Pantanal, north and northeast), but FST indeces indicate differentiation only between three regions (north and northeast without differentiation). This is in accordance with the strong genetic structure indicated by FST indeces and haplotype network based on mitochondrial sequences. Based on the mitochondrial data, the time of divergence of the genetic groups of hyacinth macaws was estimated to have occurred 16 to 42 thousand years ago, which corresponds to the late Pleistocene. Still, the results suggest that the population has been demographically stable over time, which may indicate that the low variability levels may be a characteristic of the species. However, the haplotype network presents a star shape, which indicate recent expansion, specially in the northeast. Additionally, given the population genetic structure data, it was possible to identify the most probable region of origin of apprehended individuals, this information is important to plan preventive and repressive control. Additionally, we analyzed seven microsatellite loci of chicks sampled in the same nest (same breeding season, alternate breeding seasons and consecutive seasons) in two regions of the Pantanal. The results suggest that the species is predominantly monogamous, but there is at least 12.5% of extra-pair paternity and 6.5% of brood parasitism. Furthermore, the genetic data is congruent with field observations that suggest that many couples return to the same nest in consecutive and alternative breeding seasons. Finally, we standardized for a molecular sexing protocol for molten feathers. In conclusion, the genetic results obtained in this study provide information about the processes involved in the evolutionary history and the reproductive behavior of hyacinth macaws that may help plan conservation actions.
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Lopez, Jobina. "Targeted control of feral pigs in far north Queensland : defining management units using molecular techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61088/1/Jobina_Lopez_Thesis.pdf.
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The feral pig, Sus scrofa, is a widespread and abundant invasive species in Australia. Feral pigs pose a significant threat to the environment, agricultural industry, and human health, and in far north Queensland they endanger World Heritage values of the Wet Tropics. Historical records document the first introduction of domestic pigs into Australia via European settlers in 1788 and subsequent introductions from Asia from 1827 onwards. Since this time, domestic pigs have been accidentally and deliberately released into the wild and significant feral pig populations have become established, resulting in the declaration of this species as a class 2 pest in Queensland.
The overall objective of this study was to assess the population genetic structure of feral pigs in far north Queensland, in particular to enable delineation of demographically independent management units. The identification of ecologically meaningful management units using molecular techniques can assist in targeting feral pig control to bring about effective long-term management.
Molecular genetic analysis was undertaken on 434 feral pigs from 35 localities between Tully and Innisfail. Seven polymorphic and unlinked microsatellite loci were screened and fixation indices (FST and analogues) and Bayesian clustering methods were used to identify population structure and management units in the study area. Sequencing of the hyper-variable mitochondrial control region (D-loop) of 35 feral pigs was also examined to identify pig ancestry.
Three management units were identified in the study at a scale of 25 to 35 km. Even with the strong pattern of genetic structure identified in the study area, some evidence of long distance dispersal and/or translocation was found as a small number of individuals exhibited ancestry from a management unit outside of which they were sampled. Overall, gene flow in the study area was found to be influenced by environmental features such as topography and land use, but no distinct or obvious natural or anthropogenic geographic barriers were identified. Furthermore, strong evidence was found for non-random mating between pigs of European and Asian breeds indicating that feral pig ancestry influences their population genetic structure. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct mitochondrial DNA clades, representing Asian domestic pig breeds and European breeds. A significant finding was that pigs of Asian origin living in Innisfail and south Tully were not mating randomly with European breed pigs populating the nearby Mission Beach area.
Feral pig control should be implemented in each of the management units identified in this study. The control should be coordinated across properties within each management unit to prevent re-colonisation from adjacent localities. The adjacent rainforest and National Park Estates, as well as the rainforest-crop boundary should be included in a simultaneous control operation for greater success.
Book chapters on the topic "Microsatelliti nucleari"
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Nykamp, Keith R., and Maurice S. Swanson. "Toxic RNA in the Nucleus: Unstable Microsatellite Expression in Neuromuscular Disease." In RNA Trafficking and Nuclear Structure Dynamics, 57–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74266-1_3.
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Landau, Alejandra, Franco Lencina, María Elizabeth Petterson, María Gabriela Pacheco, Susana Costoya, Vanina Brizuela, and Alberto Prina. "The barley chloroplast mutator (cpm) mutant, an extraordinary source of plastome variability." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 271–79. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0027.
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Abstract The plastome is usually considered a highly conserved genome. Compared with the nuclear genome, it is small and has different genetic rules. Through different molecular methods (TILLING, candidate gene sequencing, amplicon massive sequencing and plastome re-sequencing) applied to barley chloroplast mutator (cpm) seedlings, we detected more than 60 polymorphisms affecting a wide variety of plastid genes and several intergenic regions. The genes affected belonged mostly to the plastid genetic machinery and the photosynthetic apparatus, but there were also genes like matK, whose functions are so far not clearly established. Among the isolated mutants, we found the first infA gene mutant in higher plants, two mutants in ycf3 locus and the first psbA gene mutant in barley. The latter is used in breeding barley cultivars where PSII is tolerant to toxic herbicides. Most of the molecular changes were substitutions, and small indels located in microsatellites. However, particular combinations of polymorphisms observed in the rpl23 gene and pseudogene suggest that, besides an increased rate of mutations, an augmented rate of illegitimate recombination also occurred. Although a few substitutions were observed in the mitochondria of cpm plants, we have not yet determined the implications of the cpm for mitochondrial stability. The spectrum of plastome polymorphisms highly suggests that the cpm gene is involved in plastid DNA repair, more precisely taking part in the mismatch repair system. All results show that the cpm mutant is an extraordinary source of plastome variability for plant research and/or plant breeding. This mutant also provides an interesting experimental system in which to investigate the mechanisms responsible for maintaining plastid stability.
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Ruiz-García, Manuel, Jessica Yanina Arias Vásquez, Armando Castellanos, Lydia Kolter, and Joseph M. Shostell. "Molecular Evolution (Mitochondrial and Nuclear Microsatellites Markers) in the Andean Bear (Tremarctos ornatus; Ursidae, Carnivora): How Many ESUs Are There?" In Conservation Genetics in Mammals, 165–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33334-8_8.
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"Red Snapper: Ecology and Fisheries in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico." In Red Snapper: Ecology and Fisheries in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, edited by JOHN R. GOLD and ERIC SAILLANT. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569971.ch13.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Allelic variation at 19 nuclear-encoded microsatellite loci and haplotype variation in a 590 bp protein-coding fragment of mitochondrial (mt)DNA were assayed among Gulf red snapper sampled from four cohorts at each of three offshore localities (12 samples total) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Significant heterogeneity in allele and genotype distributions among samples was detected at four microsatellites; six of seven ‘significant’ pairwise comparisons between samples revealed the heterogeneity to be temporal rather than spatial. Nested-clade analysis of mtDNA variants indicated different temporal episodes of range expansion and isolation by distance. Estimates of variance effective population size (microsatellites) ranged between ∼1,000 and >75,000 and differed significantly among localities. The differences in variance effective size likely reflect differences in number of individuals successfully reproducing or differences in patterns and intensity of migration. Collectively, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that red snapper in the northern Gulf occur as a network (or metapopulation) of semi-isolated assemblages that may be demographically independent over the short term, yet over the long term can influence each other’s demographics via gene flow. This type of population structure may be difficult to detect with commonly used, selectively neutral genetic markers.
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"Nuclear DNA: Microsatellites." In The Biology of Gobies, 47. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11397-6.
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"Propagated Fish in Resource Management." In Propagated Fish in Resource Management, edited by ANNE P. HENDERSON, ADRIAN P. SPIDLE, and TIM L. KING. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569698.ch51.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Captive Atlantic sturgeon <em>Acipenser oxyrinchus </em>considered for use as broodstock in a restoration program were genotyped using nuclear DNA microsatellites and compared to wild collections from the Hudson River, New York (source of parents of the captive sturgeon) and from Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. Because the potential broodfish were the progeny of a small number of parents, maintaining genetic diversity and minimizing inbreeding is essential to a successful breeding and supplementation program. The microsatellite loci used in this analysis generated unique multilocus genotypes for each of 136 Atlantic sturgeon. Analyses indicated significant genetic separation between the New York and North Carolina collections and correctly identified the potential broodstock as a subset of the Hudson River population. Pairwise genetic distance (–ln proportion of shared alleles) between half and full siblings in the potential broodfish was as great as 1.386, a value exceeded by only 36% of the sampled broodfish pairs available for mating. Because the current broodstock population does not seem to have deviated far from their ancestral population in the Hudson River, progeny from that broodstock, or the parents themselves, would seem to be genetically suitable for release back into the Hudson River.
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Inés Saldamando-Benjumea, Clara, Gloria Patricia Cañas-Gutiérrez, Jorge Muñoz, and Rafael Arango Isaza. "Landscape Genetics and Phytogeography of Criollo Avocadoes Persea americana from Northeast Colombia." In Vegetation Index and Dynamics. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101194.
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Avocado (Persea americana) Mill represents one of the most consumed fruits around the world. This species has been differentiated into three main races Guatemalan, Mexican and West Indian according to several molecular markers. However, the interaction between genotypic and phenotypic traits of this crop is still unknown. For this reason, a landscape genetics analysis was made in 90 criollo trees from Northeast Colombia (Antioquia) with 14 microsatellites, sequencing of 3 nuclear loci, endo-1-4-D-glucanase (Cell), Chalcone synthase (CHS) and serine-threonine-kinase (STK) and 28 morphological traits. High genetic diversity was found suggesting a hybrid origin of criollo trees. Morphological variation showed intermixed racial features. FST = 0.03, p =0.001 (measured with microsatellites) suggested low genetic differentiation. According to STRUCTURE, K = 2 for both microsatellites and concatenated nuclear sequences. Criollo trees were assigned together with the Guatemalan and Mexican races. Pearson correlation was significant between expected heterozygocities and elevation. Mantel test was low (r2 = 0.0097, p = 0.015) but significant demonstrating isolation by distance. Grafting is suitable between criollo trees and Hass variety is possible since both avocados are produced within the same altitudes.
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"Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation." In Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation, edited by Brandon L. Barthel, Wesley F. Porak, Michael D. Tringali, and David P. Philipp. American Fisheries Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874400.ch46.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Suwannee Bass <em>Micropterus notius</em> have one of the smallest ranges of all the black basses. For decades, they were believed to only inhabit the Ochlockonee and Suwannee River drainages in Florida and Georgia. Over the past 15 years, additional populations have been discovered in the Wacissa, Wakulla, and St. Marks rivers in Florida, leading to speculation that these populations were created in the late 20th century through unsanctioned angler releases. Tissue samples were collected from Suwannee Bass inhabiting six streams in northern Florida in order to investigate this possibility and resolve genetic relationships across the species range. Nuclear DNA variation (11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and three allozyme loci) indicated that there was significant genetic differentiation between the fish inhabiting the Suwannee River drainage and those from the four streams to the west (i.e., the Ochlockonee River collection plus the three recently discovered populations). Analysis of molecular variance found that more than half of the nuclear genetic variation was partitioned between these two groups of collections. The fish from the two regions also had different ND2 gene sequences and private restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotypes. The consistent pattern of differentiation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes indicates that there are two stocks or subspecies of Suwannee Bass within the species range. The recently discovered populations were found to be genetically similar to fish from the Ochlockonee River and displayed genetic signals consistent with founding effects, as would be expected if these populations had originated from the release of a small number of individuals (potentially by anglers). However, the Ochlockonee River had similar genetic signatures, providing an example of a natural population of Suwannee Bass that is likely to have experienced natural bottlenecks due to low population size.
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"Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy." In Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy, edited by Michael K. Young, Kevin S. McKelvey, Tara Jennings, Katie Carter, Richard Cronn, Ernest R. Keeley, Janet L. Loxterman, Kristine L. Pilgrim, and Michael K. Schwartz. American Fisheries Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874509.ch11.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Identifying units of conservation of aquatic species is fundamental to informed natural resources science and management. We used a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear molecular methods to identify potential units of conservation of Westslope Cutthroat Trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</em>, a taxon native to montane river basins of the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada. Mitogenomic sequencing identified two major lineages composed of nine monophyletic clades, and a well-supported subclade within one of these, largely delineated by river basins. Analyses of microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms corroborated most of these groupings, sometimes with less resolution but demonstrating more complex connections among clades. The mitochondrial and nuclear analyses revealed that Pleistocene glacial cycles profoundly influenced the distribution and divergence of Westslope Cutthroat Trout, that this taxon crossed the Continental Divide in two separate events, and that genetically pure but nonindigenous fish were widely distributed. Herein, we recognize nine geographically discrete, cytonuclear lineages largely circumscribed by major river basins as potential units of conservation: (1) John Day; (2) Coeur d’Alene; (3) St. Joe; (4) North Fork Clearwater; (5) Salmon; (6) Clearwater headwaters; (7) Clearwater–eastern Cascades; (8) neoboreal, consisting of most of the Columbia upstream from central Washington, the Fraser in British Columbia, and the South Saskatchewan in Alberta; and (9) Missouri.
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"Paddlefish: Ecological, Aquacultural, and Regulatory Challenges of Managing a Global Resource." In Paddlefish: Ecological, Aquacultural, and Regulatory Challenges of Managing a Global Resource, edited by Steven R. Fain. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874530.ch8.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—With the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the unhalting collapse of the Caspian Sea sturgeon fisheries from desperate management policies to maintain production, law enforcement investigators in the U.S. encountered increased poaching of Paddlefish <i>Polyodon spathula</i> caviar throughout the Mississippi River basin. The steady rise of caviar prices has encouraged the illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) taking of Paddlefish and the same over-harvesting that devastated the Caspian and Atlantic Sturgeon caviar fisheries of the past. International, federal and state regulations have been enacted to conserve Paddlefish, but still allow responsible commercial development where supported by population status. However, critical to conservation plans, there is not general agreement as to how Paddlefish populations are structured. Genetic research efforts have provided conflicting results with different demographic histories suggested by nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. Nor is it possible to answer key law enforcement questions in the commercialization of Paddlefish—to differentiate wild from aquaculture derived Paddlefish products in trade, or to distinguish the geographic origins of wild Paddlefish and their products in order to identify areas of poaching activity. This review summarizes the findings of genetic studies that have addressed questions of genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure in Paddlefish, as well as the need for further study of mtDNA diversity and fine scale structure of nuclear variation. Lastly, the use of available resources for genetic tagging assessments, and expressed sequence tag (EST) marker discovery to resolve Paddlefish phylogeography are also discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Microsatelliti nucleari"
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A.V., Vorobieva, Golovinov I.V., Alimova A.Sh, Gaidamachenko V.N., and Nebesikhina N.A. "ASSESSMENT OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE RUSSIAN STURGEON BROOD STOCK OF THE DONSKOY STURGEON PLANT BY MICROSATELLITE NUCLEAR MARKERS." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.41-43.
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The article presents a study of the genetic diversity of the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) of the brood stock (RMS) of the Donskoy sturgeon hatchery (DOZ) using the analysis of microsatellite nuclear markers. In the course of the study, a general decrease in the heterozygosity of the population for four of the five loci studied was established, and in the study of the RMS population over the past two years, rare groups of alleles were identified that were not found in the sample for 2014. The data obtained can be used by the plant when drawing up crossbreeding schemes to preserve the overall allelic (genetic) diversity of the population.
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Ilyasov, R. A., A. G. Nikolenko, and H. W. Kwon. "GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF HONEY BEES FOR KEEPING IN EXTREMAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-55.
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Genetic improvement of honey bee populations based on molecular genetics features is faster and precision in comparison with morphometry and behavior-based methods. We developed the method based on nine nuclear microsatellite loci that allow a selection of most adaptive honey bee colonies by genetically defined features. Our study the heterozygosity of the dark European bee A. m. mellifera inhabiting the extremely cold region of the Ural Mountains to provide a marker-assisted selection for revealing the high adapted to extremely cold climate honey bee population can be applied for markerassisted selection of honey bees adapted to beekeeping in extremal climatic conditions.
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Ladas, Ioannis, Chen Song, Fangyan Yu, Ka Wai Leong, Katerina Troullinou, Matthew Kulke, Harvey Mamon, and Mike G. Makrigiorgos. "Abstract 942: Sensitive detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) in tumors and liquid biopsies using nuclease-based enrichment." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-942.
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