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Academic literature on the topic 'Microsatellites'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Microsatellites"

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Basharat, Zarrin, and Azra Yasmin. "Survey of compound microsatellites in multiple Lactobacillus genomes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 12 (December 2015): 898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0136.

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Distinct simple sequence repeats with 2 or more individual microsatellites joined together or lying adjacent to each other are identified as compound microsatellites. Investigation of such composite microsatellites in the genomes of genus Lactobacillus was the aim of this study. In silico inspection of microsatellite clustering in genomes of 14 Lactobacillus species revealed a wealth of compound microsatellites. All of the mined compound microsatellites were imperfect, were composed of variant motifs, and increased in all genomes, with maximum distance (dMAX) increments of 10 to 50. The majority of these repeats were present in the coding regions. A correlation of microsatellite to compound microsatellite density was detected. The difference established in compound microsatellite division among eukaryotes, Escherichia coli, and lactobacilli is suggestive of diverse genomic features and elementary distinction between creation and fixation methods of compound microsatellites among these organisms.
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Harker, N., L. R. Rampling, M. R. Shariflou, M. J. Hayden, T. A. Holton, M. K. Morell, P. J. Sharp, R. J. Henry, and K. J. Edwards. "Microsatellites as markers for Australian wheat improvement." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 12 (2001): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01025.

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Microsatellite markers have been shown to be highly polymorphic and simple to use in hexaploid wheat. This study aimed to establish microsatellites as informative markers for Australian wheat improvement. By screening microsatellites developed as part of the Wheat Microsatellite Consortium and other available microsatellite sources, 257 informative microsatellites for Australian wheat varieties were identified and reported in the Australian National Wheat Molecular Marker Program microsatellite database (http://www.scu.edu.au/research/cpcg/). Of these, 151 microsatellites identifying 172 loci were scored on at least 1 of 4 double haploid mapping populations and were then integrated, where possible, into existing genetic maps. Polymorphism information content values were calculated for most microsatellites to establish a reference for their value for future investigations. The mapping of available microsatellites enhances the quality of the genetic maps and may provide useful genetic markers for traits of interest to the Australian wheat breeding programs.
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Yu, Kangfu, Soon J. Park, and Vaino Poysa. "Abundance and variation of microsatellite DNA sequences in beans (Phaseolus andVigna)." Genome 42, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-100.

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Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been demonstrated to be abundant and hypervariable in some eukaryotic genomes. Although the presence of microsatellites is very well documented in many plant species, no information on microsatellites in beans (Phaseolus andVigna) is available. To assess the abundance and usefulness of bean microsatellites as genetic markers, 326 DNA sequences from the GenBank databases were searched. Sixty-one simple repetitive DNA sequences with 23 different types of repetitive DNA motifs were identified as potential microsatellites. Among these were 49 microsatellites from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) entries and 12 microsatellites from the genus Vigna. The most abundant type of microsatellite found in this search was that with di-nucleotide repeats of AT/TA. Microsatellites with tri- and tetra-nucleotide motifs were also identified. PCR analysis of 12 of the microsatellite-containing loci revealed that 11 of the 12 primer pairs could produce easily-scorable fragments, or groups of fragments. Allelic variation of the 11 loci was surveyed in 12 common bean inbred lines representing a diversity of germplasms. Seven of the 11 microsatellite loci were polymorphic and yielded 2-10 alleles. Analyses of the polymorphic loci in a common bean F6 recombinant inbred population showed that each segregated in a Mendelian fashion.Key words: microsatellite, simple sequence repeat, molecular marker, bean.
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England, Phillip R., David A. Briscoe, and Richard Frankham. "Microsatellite polymorphisms in a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 67, no. 3 (June 1996): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300033760.

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SummaryHighly variable DNA polymorphisms called microsatellites are rapidly becoming the marker of choice in population genetic studies. Until now, microsatellites have not been utilized for Drosophila studies. We have identified eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in Drosophila melanogaster and used them to characterize the genetic variation in a wild population from the Tyrrell's winery in Australia. Microsatellites were isolated from a partial genomic DNA library. All microsatellites consist of (AC)n repeats ranging from n = 2 to n = 24. Six loci were assigned to chromosomal location by genetic mapping, with three loci on chromosome II, one locus on chromosome III and two loci on the X chromosome. Up to four microsatellite loci were multiplexed in the same reaction. Microsatellite variation is substantially greater than allozyme variation in the Tyrrell's Drosophila population. 80% of the microsatellite loci examined are polymorphic, compared with 28% of allozymes. The mean number of alleles per polymorphic locus is 5·2 in microsatellites compared with 30 in allozymes. The average observed heterozygosity of polymorphic microsatellites is 47% compared with 26% for allozymes. Microsatellite variation in Drosophila melanogaster is similar to that reported for other insects. Higher variability commends microsatellites over allozymes for genetic studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Xu, Zhenkang, Laura Gutierrez, Matthew Hitchens, Steve Scherer, Amy K. Sater, and Dan E. Wells. "Distribution of Polymorphic and Non-Polymorphic Microsatellite Repeats in Xenopus tropicalis." Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 2 (January 2008): BBI.S561. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bbi.s561.

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The results of our bioinformatics analysis have found over 91,000 di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide microsatellites in our survey of 25% of the X. tropicalis genome, suggesting there may be over 360,000 within the entire genome. Within the X. tropicalis genome, dinucleotide (78.7%) microsatellites vastly out numbered tri- and tetranucleotide microsatellites. Similarly, AT-rich repeats are overwhelmingly dominant. The four AT-only motifs (AT, AAT, AAAT, and AATT) account for 51,858 out of 91,304 microsatellites found. Individually, AT microsatellites were the most common repeat found, representing over half of all di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide microsatellites. This contrasts with data from other studies, which show that AC is the most frequent microsatellite in vertebrate genomes (Toth et al. 2000). In addition, we have determined the rate of polymorphism for 5,128 non-redundant microsatellites, embedded in unique sequences. Interestingly, this subgroup of microsatellites was determined to have significantly longer repeats than genomic microsatellites as a whole. In addition, microsatellite loci with tandem repeat lengths more than 30 bp exhibited a significantly higher degree of polymorphism than other loci. Pairwise comparisons show that tetranucleotide microsatellites have the highest polymorphic rates. In addition, AAT and ATC showed significant higher polymorphism than other trinucleotide microsatellites, while AGAT and AAAG were significantly more polymorphic than other tetranucleotide microsatellites.
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Areshchenkova, Tatyana, and Martin W. Ganal. "Long tomato microsatellites are predominantly associated with centromeric regions." Genome 42, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-155.

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Microsatellites as genetic markers are used in many crop plants. Major criteria for their usability as molecular markers include that they are highly polymorphic and evenly spread throughout a genome. In tomato, it has been reported that long arrays of tetranucleotide microsatellites containing the motif GATA are highly clustered around the centromeres of all chromosomes. In this study, we have isolated tomato microsatellites containing long arrays (> 20 repeats) of the dinucleotide motifs GA, GT, AT, as well as GATA, assessed their variability within Lycopersicon esculentum varieties and mapped them onto a genetic map of tomato. The investigated microsatellite markers exhibited between 1 and 5 alleles in a diverse set of L. esculentum lines. Mapping of the microsatellites onto the genetic map of tomato demonstrates that, as previously shown, GATA microsatellites are highly clustered in the regions of the tomato centromeres. Interestingly, the same centromeric location was now found for long dinucleotide microsatellite markers. Because of this uneven distribution, genetic mapping of the entire tomato genome using long dinucleotide microsatellites will be very difficult to achieve and microsatellite markers with shorter arrays of microsatellites could be more suitable for mapping experiments albeit their lower level of polymorphism. Some microsatellite markers described in this study might provide a useful tool to study the molecular structure of tomato centromeric regions and for variety identification.Key words: molecular marker, Lycopersicon esculentum, genetic variability, genetic map, simple sequence repeats.
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Buschiazzo, E., and N. J. Gemmell. "Evolutionary and phylogenetic significance of platypus microsatellites conserved in mammalian and other vertebrate genomes." Australian Journal of Zoology 57, no. 4 (2009): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09038.

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Building on the recent publication of the first monotreme genome, that of the platypus, and the discovery that many platypus microsatellites are found in the genomes of three mammals (opossum, human, mouse) and two non-mammalian vertebrates (chicken, lizard), we investigated further the evolutionary conservation of microsatellites identified in the monotreme lineage and tested whether the conservation of microsatellites we observe in vertebrates has phylogenetic signal. Most conserved platypus microsatellites (75%) were found in one species, with the platypus sharing many more microsatellites with mammals than with reptiles (83% versus 30%). Within mammals, unexpectedly, many more platypus microsatellites had orthologues in the opossum genome than in that of either human or mouse, which was at odds with the very well supported view that monotremes diverged from a lineage containing both eutherians and marsupials (Theria hypothesis). We investigated the phylogenetic significance of microsatellite conservation through Bayesian and maximum parsimony tree reconstruction using presence/absence data of microsatellite loci conserved in a total of 18 species, including the platypus. Although models of evolution implemented in current phylogenetic reconstruction algorithms are not tailor-made for microsatellite data, we were able to construct vertebrate phylogenies that correspond well to the accepted mammalian phylogeny, with two of our three reconstructions supporting the Theria hypothesis. Our analysis provides ground for new theoretical development in phylogeny-based analyses of conserved microsatellite data.
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Kaur, Simerpreet. "Microsatellite diversity in four cultivated species of Actinidiaceae and Rutaceae." Bioinformation 19, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630019230.

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Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are short iterations of 1-6 bp in the genomes of almost all living organisms. Our study aimed to explore the microsatellite diversity in four cultivated species, namely Actinidia chinensis, Actinidia eriantha, Citrus maxima, and Citrus sinensis of the Actinidiaceae and Rutaceae families. We present a comprehensive analysis of microsatellite abundance, distribution, and motif composition in the genomes of these species. The association of microsatellite abundance with genomic features such as genome size, GC content, number of microsatellites, relative abundance, and relative density was also examined. The results revealed significant variations in the frequency and distribution of microsatellites across the genomes of these four species. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between genome size and microsatellite number as well as with GC content, indicating that larger genomes provide more opportunities for the accumulation of microsatellites. Furthermore, a negative correlation of genome size with relative microsatellite abundance and relative density was observed. These findings provide new insights into the microsatellite landscape of Actinidiaceae and Rutaceae, which could be explored for the development of microsatellite markers for diverse applications in the characterization of genetic diversity, molecular plant breeding, and phylogenetic analysis.
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He, Yu, Hongmei Li, Derek Brown, Franco Lamberti, and Maurice Moens. "Isolation and characterisation of microsatellites for Xiphinema index using degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR." Nematology 5, no. 6 (2003): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854103773040718.

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Abstract A short insert genomic library for Xiphinema index, the natural vector of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus, was constructed from degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR (DOP-PCR) products. The genomic library was screened for (CA)n microsatellites. Screening of 6200 colonies and comparison of the sequencing results revealed seven (CA)n containing microsatellites, coded here as XIMSL1, XIMSL2, XIMSL3, XIMSL4, XIMSL5, XIMSL6 and XIMSS1. XIMSL prefixed microsatellites were followed by the motif of the same long interspersed element. Microsatellite XIMSS1 has some similarity to the short interspersed element. Except for XIMSL1, all microsatellites were proven to be effective diagnostic tools at species level. Genetic diversity between and within populations was also evaluated for each microsatellite.
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Brooker, Amanda L., Doug Cook, Paul Bentzen, Jonathan M. Wright, and Roger W. Doyle. "Organization of Microsatellites Differs between Mammals and Cold-water Teleost Fishes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 1959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-198.

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Microsatellites, in particular (dG-dT)n and (dG-dA)n dinucleotide repeats, are abundant and display a high degree of length polymorphism and heterozygosity in eukaryotic genomes. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of 64 microsatellite sequences from Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. The microsatellites were classified as perfect, imperfect, and compound repeats. The length and integrity of these repeats were compared with microsatellites characterized from two other teleosts, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and from three mammalian genomes, human, porcine, and canine. Differences were found in the proportions of the repeat classes; however, the most significant difference between microsatellites from teleost fishes and mammals was the propensity of the former to be of greater length: some cod and rainbow trout microsatellites were more than twice the size of the longest microsatellite repeats reported for any mammalian genome. Primers for PCR amplification were constructed for seven of the cod microsatellites. Allele frequencies, degree of polymorphism, and heterozygosity were estimated for a sample population. Amplification with these cod primers was also carried out on a number of related gadids. These polymorphic microsatellite loci have enormous potential utility as genetic markers for use in population, breeding, and evolutionary studies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microsatellites"

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Jentzsch, Iris Miriam Vargas. "Comparative genomics of microsatellite abundance: a critical analysis of methods and definitions." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4282.

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This PhD dissertation is focused on short tandemly repeated nucleotide patterns which occur extremely often across DNA sequences, called microsatellites. The main characteristic of microsatellites, and probably the reason why they are so abundant across genomes, is the extremely high frequency of specific replication errors occurring within their sequences, which usually cause addition or deletion of one or more complete tandem repeat units. Due to these errors, frequent fluctuations in the number of repetitive units can be observed among cellular and organismal generations. The molecular mechanisms as well as the consequences of these microsatellite mutations, both, on a generational as well as on an evolutionary scale, have sparked debate and controversy among the scientific community. Furthermore, the bioinformatic approaches used to study microsatellites and the ways microsatellites are referred to in the general literature are often not rigurous, leading to misinterpretations and inconsistencies among studies. As an introduction to this complex topic, in Chapter I I present a review of the knowledge accumulated on microsatellites during the past two decades. A major part of this chapter has been published in the Encyclopedia of Life Sciences in a Chapter about microsatellite evolution (see Publication 1 in Appendix II). The ongoing controversy about the rates and patterns of microsatellite mutation was evident to me since before starting this PhD thesis. However, the subtler problems inherent to the computational analyses of microsatellites within genomes only became apparent when retrieving information on microsatellite distribution and abundance for the design of comparative genomic analyses. There are numerous publications analyzing the microsatellite content of genomes but, in most cases, the results presented can neither be reliably compared nor reproduced, mainly due to the lack of details on the microsatellite search process (particularly the program’s algorithm and the search parameters used) and because the results are expressed in terms that are relative to the search process (i.e. measures based on the absolute number of microsatellites). Therefore, in Chapter II I present a critical review of all available software tools designed to scan DNA sequences for microsatellites. My aim in undertaking this review was to assess the comparability of search results among microsatellite programs, and to identify the programs most suitable for the generation of microsatellite datasets for a thorough and reproducible comparative analysis of microsatellite content among genomic sequences. Using sequence data where the number and types of microsatellites were empirical know I compared the ability of 19 programs to accurately identify and report microsatellites. I then chose the two programs which, based on the algorithm and its parameters as well as the output informativity, offered the information most suitable for biological interpretation, while also reflecting as close as possible the microsatellite content of the test files. From the analysis of microsatellite search results generated by the various programs available, it became apparent that the program’s search parameters, which are specified by the user in order to define the microsatellite characteristics to the program, influence dramatically the resulting datasets. This is especially true for programs suited to allow imperfections within tandem repeats, because imperfect repetitions can not be defined accurately as is the case for perfect ones, and because several different algorithms have been proposed to address this problem. The detection of approximate microsatellites is, however, essential for the study of microsatellite evolution and for comparative analyses based on microsatellites. It is now well accepted that small deviations from perfect tandem repeat structure are common within microsatellites and larger repeats, and a number of different algorithms have been developed to confront the challenge of finding and registering microsatellites with all expectable kinds of imperfection. However, biologists have still to apply these tools to their full potential. In biological analyses single tandem repeat hits are consistently interpreted as isolated and independent repeats. This interpretation also depends on the search strategy used to report the microsatellites in DNA sequences and, therefore, I was particularly interested in the capacity of repeat finding programs to report imperfect microsatellites allowing interpretations that are useful in a biological sense. After analzying a series of tandem repeat finding programs I optimized my microsatellite searches to yield the best possible datasets for assessing and comparing the degree of imperfection of microsatellites among different genomes (Chapter III) During the program comparisons performed in Chapter II, I show that the most critical search parameter influencing microsatellite search results is the minimum length threshold. Biologically speaking, there is no consensus with respect to the minimum length, beyond which a short tandem repeat is expected to become prone to microsatellite-like mutations. Usually, a single absolute value of ~12 nucleotides is assigned irrespective of motif length.. In other cases thresholds are assigned in terms of number of repeat units (i.e. 3 to 5 repeats or more), which are better applied individually for each motif. The variation in these thresholds is considerable and not always justifiable. In addition, any current minimum length measures are likely naïve because it is clear that different microsatellite motifs undergo replication slippage at different length thresholds. Therefore, in Chapter III, I apply two probabilistic models to predict the minimum length at which microsatellites of varying motif types become overrepresented in different genomes based on the individual oligonucleotide frequency data of these genomes. Finally, after a range of optimizations and critical analyses, I performed a preliminary analysis of microsatellite abundance among 24 high quality complete eukaryotic genomes, including also 8 prokaryotic and 5 archaeal genomes for contrast. The availability of the methodologies and the microsatellite datasets generated in this project will allow informed formulation of questions for more specific genome research, either about microsatellites, or about other genomic features microsatellites could influence. These datasets are what I would have needed at the beginning of my PhD to support my experimental design, and are essential for the adequate data interpretation of microsatellite data in the context of the major evolutionary units; chromosomes and genomes.
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Rose, Owen Charles. "The evolution of microsatellites." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286155.

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Khayms, Vadim. "Advanced propulsion for microsatellites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8824.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-166).
Microsatellites have become increasingly popular in recent years as they offer significant cost savings, higher reliability, and are generally more affordable for a large variety of commercial applications. Since many microsatellite missions require considerable propulsion capabilities, miniaturization of the propulsion subsystem is critical in the design of most miniature spacecraft. A broad range of existing propulsion technologies have been considered for the purpose of identifying those devices which maintain high performance at small scale. Scaling laws were developed for each of the selected devices so as to preserve, whenever possible, the basic non-dimensional quantities which ultimately determine the performance of the individual thrusters at small scale. Hall thrusters were initially identified as most promising. In an effort to miniaturize the Hall thruster, a number of complications have been encountered. Some of the most troublesome were higher magnetic field requirements, larger internal heat fluxes and temperatures, and difficulties associated with the manufacturing of the various miniaturized components. In order to validate the proposed scaling laws, a 50 Watt Hall thruster has been designed, manufactured, and tested in a vacuum tank. Results of the experimental testing indicate that, although the maximum thrust levels obtained were on the order of 1.8 mN, about two thirds of the nominal design value, the propellant utilization efficiencies were unexpectedly low at approximately 40%. Close examination of the magnetic assembly has shown that the tip of the iron center pole was overheating during operation due to the insufficient heat conduction. The tip temperatures were estimated to reach 900°C, exceeding the Curie point of iron. As a consequence of the change in the magnetic field profile and the resultant leakage of electrons, the observed ionization fraction and, therefore, the utilization efficiency were lower than expected. Despite the low efficiencies, which were most likely caused by the design imperfections rather than physical limitations, the effort to miniaturize a Hall thruster has provided a number of useful insights for any such attempts in the future. Most importantly, this work has highlighted the generic difficulty, common to all plasma thrusters, associated with the increase of the plasma density as the scale of the device is reduced. The consequences of strict scaling, most notably the higher particle fluxes which cause an increase in the erosion rates and significant loss of operating life at small scale, created a strong incentive to search for propulsion schemes which avoid ionization by electron bombardment. In the quest for a more durable device that could operate at low power, yet provide sufficient operating life to be of practical interest, colloidal thrusters were considered for miniaturization. These are representatives of a technology of electrostatic accelerators which does not rely on ionization in the gas phase and, hence, their operating life is not compromised at small scale. In addition to their intrinsically small dimensions and extremely low operating power levels, eliminating the need for further "miniaturization", colloidal thrusters possess a number of desirable characteristics which make them ideal for many microsatellite missions. Although the physics of electrospray emitters has been studied for decades, many of the mechanisms responsible for the formation of charged jets are still poorly understood. In order to gain further insight, a semi-analytical fluid model was developed to predict the effects of fluid's viscosity on the flow pattern. Results of the analysis indicate that over a broad range of operating conditions viscous shear flow is insignificant in the vicinity of the jet irrespective of the fluid's viscosity. In an attempt to further understand the physics of colloidal thrusters, specifically the effects of internal pressure, electrode geometry, and the internal electrostatic fields on the processes involved in the formation of charged jets, a detailed electrohydrodynamic model was formulated. A numerical scheme was developed to solve for the shape of the fluid meniscus given a prescribed set of operating conditions, fluid properties, and electrode configurations. Intermediate solutions for the conical region have already been obtained, however, convergence in the vicinity of the jet requires further studies. A fully developed model promises to provide valuable information and guidance in the design of colloidal thrusters.
by Vadim Khayms.
Ph.D.
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Chilakamarri, Sunita R. "Genetic differentiation in Alewife populations using microsatellite loci." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-053105-164623/.

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Bodnarik, Julia G., Dave Hamara, Michael Groza, Ashley C. Stowe, Arnold Burger, Keivan G. Stassun, Liviu Matei, Joanna C. Egner, Walter M. Harris, and Vladimir Buliga. "Neutron detector development for microsatellites." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627176.

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We present a preliminary design for a novel neutron detection system that is compact, lightweight, and low power consuming, utilizing the CubeSat platform making it suitable for space-based applications. This is made possible using the scintillating crystal lithium indium diselenide ((LiInSe2)-Li-6), the first crystal to include Li-6 in the crystalline structure, and a silicon avalanche photodiode (Si-APD). The schematics of this instrument are presented as well as the response of the instrument to initial testing under alpha, gamma and neutron radiation. A principal aim of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of such a neutron detection system within a CubeSat platform. The entire end-to-end system presented here is 10 cm x 10 cm x 15 cm, weighs 670 grams and requires 5 V direct current at 3 Watts.
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Sheikh, Sanea. "Microsatellites in the Flycatcher Genome." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-191385.

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Harr, Bettina. "Evolution of microsatellites in Drosophila." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8845129.

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Marouillat-Védrine, Sylviane. "Etudes des variations structurales chromosomiques dans l'autisme et la déficience mentale." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR3133/document.

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L’autisme et la déficience mentale sont deux syndromes neuro-développementaux impliquant des facteurs génétiques. Notre travail a consisté à rechercher de nouveaux gènes candidats ou facteurs de susceptibilité chez 106 patients atteints d’autisme et 68 de déficience mentale non syndromique sporadique.Nous avons observé une association entre l’allèle 4 d’un marqueur microsatellite GXAlu localisé en 17q11.2 dans l’intron 27b du gène NF1 et des patients atteints de déficience mentale non-syndromique.Nous avons contribué à la mise en évidence d’une augmentation d’expression du transcrit NLGN4X, chez un patient autiste avec un retard mental non-syndromique présentant une mutation dans le promoteur du gène NLGN4X.L’étude de la région 22q13 par MLPA, nous a permis de mettre en évidence une délétion de novo d’au moins 1Mb chez un patient autiste.Les variations de nombre de copies (CNV) ont été étudiées chez des autistes par QPCR. Nous avons identifié 27 variations réparties sur 17 gènes parmi les 36 explorés. Les CNV observés dans les gènes ITGA6, TAGLN3, HOXA1, DLG4 et UBE2C sont intéressants en raison de l’implication de ces gènes dans le développement cérébral ou la fonction neuronale.L’ensemble de ces résultats nécessite des expériences complémentaires de validation
Autism and mental retardation are two neurodevelopmental syndromes involving genetic factors. Our work consists in finding new candidate genes or susceptibility factors. 106 autistic patients and 68 sporadic non-syndromic mentally retardated patients were studied.We have shown an association between allele 4 of a microsatellite marker GXAlu locasized in 17q11.2, in intron 27b of the NF1 gene and patients with non-syndromic mental retardation.We contributed to the study on the NLGN4X gene. We demonstrated an increase of expression of NLGN4X transcript, in an autistic patient with non-syndromic mental retardation linked to a mutation in the NLGN4X gene promoter.We study the 22q13 region with MLPA method, we have demonstrated a deletion de novo of at least 1Mb in an autistic patient.The copy number variations (CNV) have been investigated in an autistic population by QPCR. We identified 27 variations on 17 genes among the 36 investigated. The CNV observed in ITGA6, TAGLN3, HOXA1, DLG4 and UBE2C genes are interesting because of the involvement of these genes in brain development or neuronal function.These results require further experiments for validation
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Karhu, A. (Auli). "Evolution and applications of pine microsatellites." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514259246.

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Abstract The evolution of microsatellites was studied within and between the pine species. Sequences showed that microsatellites do not necessarily mutate in a stepwise fashion and that size homoplasy is common due to flanking sequence and repeat area changes within and between the species. Thus, some assumptions of statistical methods based on changes in repeat numbers may not hold. Sequences from cross-species amplifications revealed evidence of duplications of microsatellite loci in pines. On two independent occasions, the repeat area of the microsatellite had undergone a rapid expansion during the last 10-25 million of years. Microsatellite markers were used together with other molecular markers (allozymes, RFLPs, RAPDs, rDNA RFLPs) and an adaptive trait (date of bud set) to study patterns of genetic variation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Finland. All molecular markers showed high level of within population variation, while differentiation among populations was low (FST = 0.02). Of the total variation in bud set, 36.4 % was found among the populations which experience a steep climatic gradient. Thus, the markers applied were poor predictors of population differentiation of the quantitative trait studied The distribution of genetic variation was studied in five natural populations of radiata pine (Pinus radiata), species which has gone through bottlenecks in the past. Null allele frequencies were estimated and used in later analyses. Microsatellites showed high level of variability within populations (He = 0.68-0.77). Allele length distributions and average number of alleles per locus showed some traces of bottlenecks. Instead, comparison of observed genetic diversities and expected diversities suggested post-bottleneck expansion of populations. Genetic differentiation (FST and RST) among populations was over 10 %, reflecting situation in the isolated radiata pine populations. Using microsatellites and a newly developed Bayesian method, individual inbreeding coefficients were estimated in five populations of radiata pine. Most individuals were outbred while some were selfed. Presumably, in ancestral radiata pine populations the recessive deleterious alleles have been eliminated after bottlenecks and the mating system has changed as a consequence.
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Taylor, Tiawanna. "The development of microsatellites for parrots (Psittaciformes)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288084.

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Books on the topic "Microsatellites"

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Kantartzi, Stella K., ed. Microsatellites. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-389-3.

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Kantartzi, Stella K. Microsatellites: Methods and protocols. New York: Humana Press, 2013.

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B, Goldstein David, and Schlötterer Christian, eds. Microsatellites: Evolution and applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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COSPAR, Colloquium on Microsatellites as Research Tools (1997 Tʻai-nan shih Taiwan). Microsatellites as research tools: Proceedings of COSPAR Colloquium on Microsatellites as Research Tools held in Tainan, Taiwan, 14-17 December 1997. [New York]: Pergamon, 1999.

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Nowakowska, Justyna. Analysis of microsatellite sequences in Scots pine: [proceedings of Workshop WP 5.4, forest tree genetics : Sekocin, Poland, 24-27 August 2004]. Edited by Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa (Warsaw, Poland). Warsaw: Forest Research Institute, 2005.

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D, Maiers L., and Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. Central and Arctic Region., eds. Use of DNA microsatellites in beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population genetics. Winnipeg, Man: Central and Arctic Region, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1996.

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Hauser, Lorenz. Microsatellite screening in Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and a preliminary examination of population structure based on observed DNA variation. Seattle: International Pacific Halibut Commission, 2006.

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1962-, Hajeer Ali, Worthington Jane 1961-, and John Sally 1964-, eds. SNP and microsatellite genotyping: Markers for genetic analysis. Natick, MA: Eaton Pub., 2000.

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Panova, Marina. Genetics of differentiation in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis, with consideration of microsatellite genotyping errors. Göteborg: Göteborg University, 2007.

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Breton, Sophie. Validation des marqueurs microsatellites pour l'élaboration d'un protocole de marquage génétique chez la population d'ours noir (Ursus americanus) de la Réserve faunique des Laurentides. Québec: Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec, Direction du développement de la faune, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microsatellites"

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Bruford, Michael W., Claudio Ciofi, and Stephan M. Funk. "Characteristics of Microsatellites." In Molecular Tools for Screening Biodiversity, 202–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0019-6_39.

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Cameron, Neil. "LoRa and Microsatellites." In ESP32 Formats and Communication, 267–91. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9376-8_6.

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Holmes, N. G., S. J. Humphreys, M. M. Binns, R. Curtis, A. Holliman, and A. M. Scott. "Characterization of canine microsatellites." In DNA Fingerprinting: State of the Science, 415–20. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8583-6_41.

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Scarbrough, John R., David L. Cowles, and Ronald L. Carter. "Microsatellites in Shrimp Species." In Modern Approaches to the Study of Crustacea, 291–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0761-1_41.

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Madesis, Panagiotis, Ioannis Ganopoulos, and Athanasios Tsaftaris. "Microsatellites: Evolution and Contribution." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 1–13. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-389-3_1.

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Freimer, Nelson B., and Montgomery Slatkin. "Microsatellites: Evolution and Mutational Processes." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 197 - Variation in the Human Genome, 51–72. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470514887.ch4.

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Rovelli, P., R. Mettulio, F. Anthony, F. Anzueto, P. Lashermes, and G. Graziosi. "Microsatellites in Coffea Arabica L." In Coffee Biotechnology and Quality, 123–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1068-8_9.

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Wrogemann, K., V. Biancalana, D. Devys, G. Imbert, Y. Trottier, and J. L. Mandel. "Microsatellites and disease: A new paradigm." In DNA Fingerprinting: State of the Science, 141–52. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8583-6_13.

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Wright, Jonathan M., and Paul Bentzen. "Microsatellites: genetic markers for the future." In Molecular Genetics in Fisheries, 117–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1218-5_7.

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Dean, Deborah A., Phillip A. Wadl, Denita Hadziabdic, Xinwang Wang, and Robert N. Trigiano. "Analyzing Microsatellites Using the QIAxcel System." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 223–43. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-389-3_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microsatellites"

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Bodnarik, Julia G., Dave Hamara, Michael Groza, Ashley C. Stowe, Arnold Burger, Keivan G. Stassun, Liviu Matei, Joanna C. Egner, Walter M. Harris, and Vladimir Buliga. "Neutron detector development for microsatellites." In Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX, edited by Michael Fiederle, Arnold Burger, Larry Franks, Ralph B. James, and Stephen A. Payne. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2275682.

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RODOLFO, Jacques, Jean-Philippe GIRAULT, and Roland Geyl. "High performance optical payloads for microsatellites." In Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites, edited by Roland Meynart, Steven P. Neeck, Haruhisa Shimoda, Toshiyoshi Kimura, and Jean-Loup Bézy. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2282160.

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MacLachlan, Caleb. "Maneuverable Microsatellites: The Skybox Case Study." In SpaceOps 2016 Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-2492.

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Bille, Matt, Robyn Kane, and Mel Nowlin. "Military microsatellites - Matching requirements and technology." In Space 2000 Conference and Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-5186.

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Scharlemann, Carsten, and M. Tajmar. "Development of Propulsion Means for Microsatellites." In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5184.

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Fukuda, Kazufumi, Tatsuaki Hashimoto, Toshinori Kuwahara, Hiroo Kunimori, and Kazuya Yoshida. "Development of small optical transmitter for microsatellites." In 2014 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sii.2014.7028066.

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Meili, Zhou, and Qi Hongyu. "Design of Three Axis Magnetorquer for Microsatellites." In 2013 Third International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2013.130.

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Coxhill, Ian, and David Gibbon. "A Xenon Resistojet Propulsion System for Microsatellites." In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4260.

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Sharma, Akshay, Narendra Dev, and Susmita Dash. "Capillary-fed Evaporative Microthruster for Nano/Microsatellites." In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0240.

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Gainullina, K. P. "SSR analysis of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars and lines." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.079.

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The analysis of molecular genetic diversity of pea cultivars by microsatellites was conducted. A high level of polymorphism of SSR loci which allows using them for identification of the studied cultivars and lines was revealed.
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Reports on the topic "Microsatellites"

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Soller, Moshe (Morris), Hans Cheng, and Lyman Crittenden. Mapping the Chicken Genome, Including Loci Affecting Traits of Economic Importance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568779.bard.

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A total of 195 microsatellites were added to the chicken genome map. Mapping of fifty known genes revealed a high degree of conserved linkage order between human and chicken genomes. A new, statistically powerful mapping design, the full-sib intercross line (produced by mating two parents, and intercrossing their progeny over a number of generations), was developed for use in species with high reproductive capacity. The Jerusalem Resource Population (JRP), now at the F12 generation, was established to implement this design i chickens. The biometrical picutre in the JRP is similar to that generally found in chicken populations; inbreeding effects were not observed. The F2 and F3 generations of the JRP were genotyped with respect to twelve production traits, using a battery of 23 microsatellites markers. The number of significant effects was twice that expected on chance alone, validating the high statistical power of the JRP with respect to QTL differentiating the parental lines. Selective DNA pooling, based on estimation of marker allele frequencies in pooled DNA samples, has been proposed to reduce high genotyping costs of QTL mapping. A method to correct for overlapping shadow bands of dinucleotide microsatellite markers in pooled DNA samples was developed and validated. In a retrospective study using this procedure, previously mapped loci affecting Marek's disease were successfully identified.
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Hoon, Dave S. Serum DNA Microsatellites as Surrogate Genetic Markers of Breast Cancer Progression. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442454.

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Hoon, Dave S. Serum DNA Microsatellites as Surrogate Genetic Markers of Breast Cancer Progression. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412196.

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Hoon, Dave S. Serum DNA Microsatellites as Surrogate Genetic Markers of Breast Cancer Progression. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424571.

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Weller, Joel, Harris Lewin, Micha Ron, and George Wiggans. Detection and Mapping of Genes Affecting Traits of Economic Importance in Dairy Cattle with the Aid of Molecular Genetic Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613024.bard.

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Forty-seven poly-TG microsatellites were developed at the U of IL, and 11 genetic markers were developed at ARO, nine of which were poly-AGC microsatellites. Markers were typed on the reference families of CSIRO, Australia; GRANADA, Texas; and IRRF, Illinois, for chromosome assignment and linkage mapping. Nine North American al organizations contributed semen to the Dairy Bull DNA Repository (DBDR), which currently has 65,743 units from 3366 bulls. Semen was obtained for 31 out of 35 grandsires. Semen of 28 and 23 sons of two Israeli bulls was also collected. Eighteen grandsires were genotyped for 75 microsatellites. One thousand, three hundred and sixty-two sons with evaluation from 17 families were genotyped for 24 markers. Eleven thousand, six hundred and twenty sons genotypes were determined, of which 8,802 were informative. The genotype data was matched to the bulls' daughter yield deviations (DYD) for seven traits; milk, fat, and protein production; fat and protein percent; somatic cell concentration (SCS); and productive herd life. Seven loci had significant effects at p<0.05, but only two loci, TGLA263 and MGTG7, had significant effects at p<0.01, and the effect of TGLA263 on fat percentage was significant at p<0.0001. There was at least one significant effect for each of the seven traits analyzed.
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Weller, Joel, Harris Lewin, Micha Ron, George Wiggans, and Paul VanRaden. A Systematic Genome Search for Genes Affecting Economic Traits Dairy Cattle with the Aid of Genetic Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695836.bard.

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The objectives were to continue collection of semen for the US dairy bull DNA repository, to conduct a systematic search of the Holstein genome for economically significant economic trait loci (ETL), to develop and refine statistical techniques for the analysis of the data generated, and to confirm significant effects by genotyping daughters i Israel and additional US sons. One-thousand-seventy-six sons of eight US grandsires were genotyped for 174 microsatellites located on all 29 autosomes. ETL were detected for milk production traits on seven chromosomes. ETL for milk and fat yield and fat and protein percentage on BTA3 was mapped to between the markers BL41 and TGLA263. The 95% confidence interval for the ETL affecting fat percentage on BTA14 localized this ETL between the contromere and chromosome position 11 cM. This ETL was verified in the Israeli cattle population by genotyping an independent sample of cows from seven families. The radiation hybrid data for the centromeric region of BTA14 is defined by a single linkage group. Order of Type I genes within this region, CYC-FADK-TG-SQLE, is conserved between human and cattle. Thus, HSA8, the human homologue of BTA14, can be used to identify candidate genes for the ETL.
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Baranovskaya, Svetlana. Microsatellite and Chromosomal Instability in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430384.

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Baranovskaya, Svetlana. Microsatellite and Chromosomal Instability in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418690.

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Medrano, Juan, Adam Friedmann, Moshe (Morris) Soller, Ehud Lipkin, and Abraham Korol. High resolution linkage disequilibrium mapping of QTL affecting milk production traits in Israel Holstein dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696509.bard.

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Original objectives: To create BAC contigs covering two QTL containing chromosomal regions (QTLR) and obtain BAC end sequence information as a platform for SNP identification. Use the SNPs to search for marker-QTL linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the test populations (US and Israel Holstein cattle). Identify candidate genes, test for association with dairy cattle production and functional traits, and confirm any associations in a secondary test population. Revisions in the course of the project: The selective recombinant genotyping (SRG) methodology which we implemented to provide moderate resolution QTL mapping turned out to be less effective than expected, due to problems introduced by incomplete marker informativity. This required a no-cost one-year extension of the project. Aside from this, the project was implemented essentially as envisaged, but only with respect to a single QTLR and single population association-test. Background to the topic. Dairy cattle breeders are looking to marker-assisted selection (MAS) as a means of identifying genetically superior sires and dams. MAS based on population-wide LD can be many times more effective than MAS based on within-family linkage mapping. In this proposal we developed a protocol leading from family based QTL mapping to population-wide LD between markers and the QTL Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. The critical importance of marker informativity for application of the SRG design in outcrossing random mating populations was identified, and an alternative Fractioned Pool Design (FPD) based on selective DNA pooling was developed. We demonstrated the feasibility of constructing a BAC contig across a targeted chromosomal region flanking the marker RM188 on bovine chromosome BTA4, which was shown in previous work to contain a QTL affecting milk production traits. BAC end sequences were obtained and successfully screened for SNPs. LD studies of these SNPs in the Israel population, and of an independent set of SNPs taken across the entire proximal region of BTA4 in the USA population, showed a much lower degree of LD than previously reported in the literature. Only at distances in the sub-cM level did an appreciable fraction of SNP marker-pairs show levels of LD useful for MAS. In contrast, studies in the Israel population using microsatellite markers, presented an equivalent degree of LD at a 1-5 separation distance. SNP LD appeared to reflect historical population size of Bostaurus (Ne=5000- 10,000), while microsatellite LD appeared to be in proportion to more recent effective population size of the Holstein breed (Ne=50-100). An appreciable fraction of the observed LD was due to Family admixture structure of the Holstein population. The SNPs MEOX2/IF2G (found within the gene SETMAR at 23,000 bp from RM188) and SNP23 were significantly associated with PTA protein, Cheese dollars and Net Merit Protein in the Davis bull resource population, and were also associated with protein and casein percentages in the Davis cow resource population. Implications. These studies document a major difference in degree of LD presented by SNPs as compared to microsatellites, and raise questions as to the source of this difference and its implications for QTL mapping and MAS. The study lends significant support to the targeted approach to fine map a previously identified QTL. Using high density genotyping with SNP discovered in flanking genes to the QTL, we have identified important markers associated with milk protein percentage that can be tested in markers assisted selection programs.
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Thunder, Rachel, Anna O. Conrad, Charles Burdine, Jian Yang, John M. Lhotka, Albert G. Abbott, and C. Dana Nelson. White oak (Quercus alba L.) microsatellite markers for genetic diversity studies. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rn-26.

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