Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microrna targets

Academic literature on the topic 'Microrna targets'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Microrna targets"

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Baxter, Diana E., Lisa M. Allinson, Waleed S. Al Amri, James A. Poulter, Arindam Pramanik, James L. Thorne, Eldo T. Verghese, and Thomas A. Hughes. "MiR-195 and Its Target SEMA6D Regulate Chemoresponse in Breast Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 5979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235979.

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Background: poor prognosis primary breast cancers are typically treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, recurrences remain relatively common even after this aggressive therapy. Comparison of matched tumours pre- and post-chemotherapy can allow identification of molecular characteristics of therapy resistance and thereby potentially aid discovery of novel predictive markers or targets for chemosensitisation. Through this comparison, we aimed to identify microRNAs associated with chemoresistance, define microRNA target genes, and assess targets as predictors of chemotherapy response. Methods: cancer cells were laser microdissected from matched breast cancer tissues pre- and post-chemotherapy from estrogen receptor positive/HER2 negative breast cancers showing partial responses to epirubicin/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy (n = 5). MicroRNA expression was profiled using qPCR arrays. MicroRNA/mRNA expression was manipulated in estrogen receptor positive/HER2 negative breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB-175 cells) with mimics, inhibitors or siRNAs, and chemoresponse was assessed using MTT and colony forming survival assays. MicroRNA targets were identified by RNA-sequencing of microRNA mimic pull-downs, and comparison of these with mRNAs containing predicted microRNA binding sites. Survival correlations were tested using the METABRIC expression dataset (n = 1979). Results: miR-195 and miR-26b were consistently up-regulated after therapy, and changes in their expression in cell lines caused significant differences in chemotherapy sensitivity, in accordance with up-regulation driving resistance. SEMA6D was defined and confirmed as a target of the microRNAs. Reduced SEMA6D expression was significantly associated with chemoresistance, in accordance with SEMA6D being a down-stream effector of the microRNAs. Finally, low SEMA6D expression in breast cancers was significantly associated with poor survival after chemotherapy, but not after other therapies. Conclusions: microRNAs and their targets influence chemoresponse, allowing the identification of SEMA6D as a predictive marker for chemotherapy response that could be used to direct therapy or as a target in chemosensitisation strategies.
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Huang, Tinghua, Xiali Huang, and Min Yao. "Min3: Predict microRNA target gene using an improved binding-site representation method and support vector machine." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 17, no. 05 (October 2019): 1950032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021972001950032x.

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MicroRNAs are single-stranded noncoding RNAs known to down-regulate target genes at the protein or mRNA level. Computational prediction of targets is essential for elucidating the detailed functions of microRNA. However, prediction specificity and sensitivity of the existing algorithms still need to be improved to generate useful hypotheses for subsequent experimental testing. A new microRNA binding-site representation method was developed, which uses four symbols “[Formula: see text]”, “:”, “[Formula: see text]”, and “[Formula: see text]” (indicating paired, unpaired, insertion, and bulge, respectively) to represent the status of each nucleotide base pair in the microRNA binding site. New features were established with the information of every two adjacent symbols. There are 12 possible combinations and the frequency of each defines a set of novel and useful features. A comprehensive training dataset is constructed for mammalian microRNAs with positive targets obtained from the microRNA target depository in the miRTarbase, while negative targets were derived from pseudo-microRNA bindings. An SVM model was established using the training dataset and a new software called Min3 was developed. Performance of Min3 was assessed with intensively studied examples of miR-155 and miR-92a. Prediction results showed that Min3 can discover 47% of experimental conformed targets on average. The overlapping is above 20% on average when compared with TargetScan and miRanda. Annotations of the public microRNA datasets showed that there is a negative effect (up-regulation) of the Min3 targets for the knock out/down of miR-155 and miR-92a. Six top ranked targets were selected for validation by wet-lab experiments, and five of them showed a regulation effect. The Min3 can be a good alternative to current microRNA target discovery software. This tool is available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/mirt3 .
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Arora, Amit. "MicroRNA targets." Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 25, no. 3 (March 2015): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fpc.0000000000000111.

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Torkey, Hanaa, Lenwood S. Heath, and Mahmoud ElHefnawi. "MicroTarget: MicroRNA target gene prediction approach with application to breast cancer." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 15, no. 04 (August 2017): 1750013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720017500135.

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MicroRNAs are known to play an essential role in gene regulation in plants and animals. The standard method for understanding microRNA–gene interactions is randomized controlled perturbation experiments. These experiments are costly and time consuming. Therefore, use of computational methods is essential. Currently, several computational methods have been developed to discover microRNA target genes. However, these methods have limitations based on the features that are used for prediction. The commonly used features are complementarity to the seed region of the microRNA, site accessibility, and evolutionary conservation. Unfortunately, not all microRNA target sites are conserved or adhere to exact seed complementary, and relying on site accessibility does not guarantee that the interaction exists. Moreover, the study of regulatory interactions composed of the same tissue expression data for microRNAs and mRNAs is necessary to understand the specificity of regulation and function. We developed MicroTarget to predict a microRNA–gene regulatory network using heterogeneous data sources, especially gene and microRNA expression data. First, MicroTarget employs expression data to learn a candidate target set for each microRNA. Then, it uses sequence data to provide evidence of direct interactions. MicroTarget scores and ranks the predicted targets based on a set of features. The predicted targets overlap with many of the experimentally validated ones. Our results indicate that using expression data in target prediction is more accurate in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Available at: https://bioinformatics.cs.vt.edu/~htorkey/microTarget .
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Smoczynska, Aleksandra, Andrzej M. Pacak, Przemysław Nuc, Aleksandra Swida-Barteczka, Katarzyna Kruszka, Wojciech M. Karlowski, Artur Jarmolowski, and Zofia Szweykowska-Kulinska. "A Functional Network of Novel Barley MicroRNAs and Their Targets in Response to Drought." Genes 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11050488.

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The regulation of mRNA (messenger RNA) levels by microRNA-mediated activity is especially important in plant responses to environmental stresses. In this work, we report six novel barley microRNAs, including two processed from the same precursor that are severely downregulated under drought conditions. For all analyzed microRNAs, we found target genes that were upregulated under drought conditions and that were known to be involved in a plethora of processes from disease resistance to chromatin–protein complex formation and the regulation of transcription in mitochondria. Targets for novel barley microRNAs were confirmed through degradome data analysis and RT-qPCR using primers flanking microRNA-recognition site. Our results show a broad transcriptional response of barley to water deficiency conditions through microRNA-mediated gene regulation and facilitate further research on drought tolerance in crops.
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Ma, Xiao, Dan Li, Yan Gao, and Cheng Liu. "miR-451a Inhibits the Growth and Invasion of Osteosarcoma via Targeting TRIM66." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 18 (January 1, 2019): 153303381987020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033819870209.

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The importance of microRNAs in regulating osteosarcoma development has been studied in recent years. However, the function of microRNA-451a in osteosarcoma growth is rarely investigated. Here, we explored the expression of microRNA-451a in osteosarcoma cell lines. Bioinformatic software, luciferase activity reporter assay, and Western blot were conducted to determine the association between microRNA-451a and tripartite motif-containing 66. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and transwell assay were used to explore the regulatory effects of microRNA-451a on osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, we explored whether microRNA-451a modulates osteosarcoma cell biological activity by regulating tripartite motif-containing 66. The expression of microRNA-451a was found to be downregulated in osteosarcoma and negatively regulated the expression of tripartite motif-containing 66. Tripartite motif-containing 66 was further validated as a target of microRNA-451a. MicroRNA-451a inhibits the growth and invasion of osteosarcoma cell lines through targeting tripartite motif-containing 66. The miR-451a targets tripartite motif-containing 66 may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Chu, W. H., L. Harland, P. Grant, M. De Blasio, W. Kong, S. Moretta, J. S. Robinson, M. E. Dziadek, and J. A. Owens. "163. MATERNAL FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN METABOLIC HEALTH OF PROGENY: ROLE OF microRNA REGULATORY NETWORKS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 9 (2009): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb09abs163.

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Background: Nutrition in early life can influence metabolic functionality in later life, in part via heritable epigenetic changes, which modify gene expression without altering DNA sequence. Folate supplies methyl groups for the methylation of DNA and histones, both major epigenetic marks that change dynamically in utero. We have recently shown that maternal folic acid supplementation (MFAS) in the pregnant rat increases insulin sensitivity in adult male progeny, while decreasing that of females. The molecular basis of this is unknown but microRNAs may play a role. MicroRNAs are epigenetically regulated non-coding RNAs that downregulate post-transcriptional expression of their targets. MFAS may modulate epigenetics and expression of microRNAs and their targets in adult progeny to alter insulin sensitivity. Aims/Hypotheses: The effect of MFAS before and throughout pregnancy on microRNA expression in liver and skeletal muscle of adult progeny was determined. Methods: Female Wistar rats were fed Control (n=11) or Folic Acid Supplemented (n=9) diets containing either 2 or 6 mg folic acid/kg respectively, from two weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy. One male and female progeny per litter were sacrificed on postnatal day 90 and microRNA expression was determined by Exiqon microRNA microarray v.8.1. Results: MFAS altered hepatic microRNA expression in adult male progeny, but did not alter that in females. Sixteen hepatic microRNAs were differentially expressed, with five predicted in silico (rno-miR: 23a, 23b, 212, 298 and 325-5p) to target several key insulin signalling molecules (p85α, p110β, Akt2, and Prkcz). miR-122a, which promotes cholesterol and lipid synthesis in vivo, was also downregulated. MFAS did not alter microRNA expression in skeletal muscle of adult male or female progeny. Conclusions: MFAS alters hepatic microRNA expression in adult male progeny. Changes in their expression together with their targets in insulin signalling pathway may initiate increased insulin sensitivity in adult male progeny.
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John, Bino, Anton J. Enright, Alexei Aravin, Thomas Tuschl, Chris Sander, and Debora S. Marks. "Human MicroRNA Targets." PLoS Biology 2, no. 11 (October 5, 2004): e363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020363.

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Da Costa Martins, Paula A., and Leon J. De Windt. "Targeting MicroRNA Targets." Circulation Research 111, no. 5 (August 17, 2012): 506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.112.276717.

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Seitz, Hervé. "Redefining MicroRNA Targets." Current Biology 19, no. 10 (May 2009): 870–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.059.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microrna targets"

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Sætrom, Ola. "Predicting MicroRNA targets." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9266.

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MicroRNAs are a large family of short non-encoding RNAs that regulated protein production by binding to mRNAs. A single miRNA can regulate an mRNA by itself, or several miRNAs can cooperate in regulating the mRNAs. This is all dependent on the degree of complementarity between the miRNA and the target mRNA. Here, we present the program TargetBoost that, using a classifier generated by a combination of hardware accelerated genetic programming and boosting, allows for screening several large dataset against several miRNAs, and computes a likelihood of that genes in the dataset is regulated by the set of miRNAs used in the screening. We also present results from comparison of several different scoring functions for measuring cooperative effects. We found that the classifier used in TargetBoost is best for finding target sites that regulate mRNAs by themselves. A demo of TargetBoost can be found on http://www.interagon.com/demo.

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Migliore, Chiara Maria. "RNA-sequencing based identification of microRNA-204 targets." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/4595.

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2009/2010
With the completion of the sequencing and annotation of hundreds of genomes, and the accumulation of data on the mammalian transcriptome, greater emphasis has been placed on elucidating the function of non-coding DNA and RNA sequences. It is well known that the non-coding portion of the genome can transcribe functional RNAs. Several categories of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been defined, such as transport RNAs (tRNAs) ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). A larger group of ncRNAs comprises the so-called microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs serving key regulatory roles. It has been shown that miRNAs directly target a large number of genes, thus affecting significantly major pathways. In my project, I focused on miR-204, a microRNA that is highly conserved from zebrafish to human and located in the sixth intron of the human TRPM3 gene. I sought to identify mir-204 targets by using the Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), where mir-204 is expressed at very low levels in the nervous system, as a model for perturbation of the mir-204 network. Transient transgenic Medaka fish were produced to knock down and over-express mir-204. Next-generation sequencing was used to sequence the Medaka transcriptome, dissect the putative targets of miR-204, and thus gain further insight about its function. Potential target genes of mir-204 were selected by choosing genes, which presented lower expression in the wild-type (wt) fish than in the knock down, a lower expression in the over-expression than in the wt and, finally, a higher expression in the knock down than in the over-expression. At the same time, I collected a list of putative miR-204 mouse and human targets using the prediction softwares miRanda, PicTar and TargetScan, obtained the Medaka orthologues and verified that the selected genes in Medaka had a statistically significant enrichment in miR-204 targets as compared to the complete set of genes obtained from the RNA-Sequencing approach. The combined RNA-Sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed 147 predicted targets of mir-204, which showed a significant enrichment for the axon guidance pathway. In order to confirm this data, real time quantitative PCR has been performed on total RNA from wt and morphant fish. Results showed a higher expression in the knock down fish for 15 out of 25 putative targets (Neo1, Trim71, Ddx3y, Prkar1a, MyoX, Sema3B, Sema3F, Ptprg, Slit2, Epha4, Epha7, Amot, Lpp, Odz4, Jarid2). I further validated these genes by both Q-PCR and luciferase assays. To this aim, I cloned five putative target sequences into the 3’UTR of a luciferase reporter vector (pGL3-TK-luc Promega) to use them in luciferase assays: co-transfection with miR-204 reduced the luciferase activity of Sema3F, belonging to the class of receptors involved upstream of the axon guidance pathway. These results indicate that mir-204 directly targets key genes involved in the axon guidance pathway such as Sema3F in the nervous system. Further validation of the disruption of axon guidance in the transgenic fish has been undertaken in vivo by our collaborators: the experiment demonstrated a clear role of this microRNA in axon path finding during retinal development.
XXII Ciclo
1981
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Wang, Qi. "Using Imputed Microrna Regulation Based on Weighted Ranked Expression and Putative Microrna Targets and Analysis of Variance to Select Micrornas for Predicting Prostate Cancer Recurrence." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27341.

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Imputed microRNA regulation based on weighted ranked expression and putative microRNA targets (IMRE) is a method to predict microRNA regulation from genome-wide gene expression. A false discovery rate (FDR) for each microRNA is calculated using the expression of the microRNA putative targets to analyze the regulation between different conditions. FDR is calculated to identify the differences of gene expression. The dataset used in this research is the microarray gene expression of 596 patients with prostate cancer. This dataset includes three different phenotypes: PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen recurrence), Systemic (Systemic Disease Progression) and NED (No Evidence of Disease). We used the IMRE and ANOVA methods to analyze the dataset and identified several microRNA candidates that can be used to predict PSA recurrence and systemic disease progression in prostate cancer patients.
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Davis, M. P. "Generation of a murine ES cell system deficient in microRNA processing for the identification of microRNA targets." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598389.

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I have developed a system in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to simply and rapidly derive gene lists enriched for miRNA targets. I have disrupted miRNA processing by the targeted insertion of a gene trap cassette into the second allele of Dgcr8 in cell lines that already bear a gene trap within their first allele. This led to a broad reduction of miRNA processing in these cells. As a consequence of the disruption of this locus I was able to identify a number of miRNAs that appear to be processed in DGCR8 independent manner. I proceeded to transfect these cells with Es-cell-expressed miRNA mimics. I used microarrays to identify transcripts that are down regulated as a consequence of the miRNA reintroduction. By comparing transcripts that had been up regulated upon the depletion of Dgcr8 to this set I was able to create miRNA target lists for mmu-miR-25 and mmu-miR-291a-3p. These lists should be enriched for functionally relevant, co-expressed targets, moderated for miRNA mimic over expression and to a large extent devoid of interference from target saturation and combinatorial regulation. The system should also not be susceptible to problems associated with functional redundancy. In total I identified 25 target candidates for miR-291a-3p and 40 candidates for miR-25. Amongst these genes are a number of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes in addition to genes involved in cell cycle regulation and extra-cellular signal transduction. In conclusion it appears that miRNAs play a fundamental role in the regulation of the ES cell transcriptome and as such are deserving of considerable future research. It is my belief that the method presented in this thesis could contribute significantly to this effort by providing substantial and experimentally derived miRNA candidate target lists upon which to base future hypotheses.
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Torkey, Hanaa A. "Machine Learning Approaches for Identifying microRNA Targets and Conserved Protein Complexes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77536.

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Much research has been directed toward understanding the roles of essential components in the cell, such as proteins, microRNAs, and genes. This dissertation focuses on two interesting problems in bioinformatics research: microRNA-target prediction and the identification of conserved protein complexes across species. We define the two problems and develop novel approaches for solving them. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that mediate gene expression. The goal is to predict microRNA targets. Existing methods rely on sequence features to predict targets. These features are neither sufficient nor necessary to identify functional target sites and ignore the cellular conditions in which microRNA and mRNA interact. We developed MicroTarget to predict microRNA-mRNA interactions using heterogeneous data sources. MicroTarget uses expression data to learn candidate target set for each microRNA. Then, sequence data is used to provide evidence of direct interactions and ranking the predicted targets. The predicted targets overlap with many of the experimentally validated ones. The results indicate that using expression data helps in predicting microRNA targets accurately. Protein complexes conserved across species specify processes that are core to cell machinery. Methods that have been devised to identify conserved complexes are severely limited by noise in PPI data. Behind PPIs, there are domains interacting physically to perform the necessary functions. Therefore, employing domains and domain interactions gives a better view of the protein interactions and functions. We developed novel strategy for local network alignment, DONA. DONA maps proteins into their domains and uses DDIs to improve the network alignment. We developed novel strategy for constructing an alignment graph and then uses this graph to discover the conserved sub-networks. DONA shows better performance in terms of the overlap with known protein complexes with higher precision and recall rates than existing methods. The result shows better semantic similarity computed with respect to both the biological process and the molecular function of the aligned sub-networks.
Ph. D.
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Woodcock, M. Ryan. "Network Analysis and Comparative Phylogenomics of MicroRNAs and their Respective Messenger RNA Targets Using Twelve Drosophila species." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/155.

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MicroRNAs represent a special class of small (~21–25 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules which exert powerful post-transcriptional control over gene expression in eukaryotes. Indeed microRNAs likely represent the most abundant class of regulators in animal gene regulatory networks. This study describes the recovery and network analyses of a suite of homologous microRNA targets recovered through two different prediction methods for whole gene regions across twelve Drosophila species. Phylogenetic criteria under an accepted tree topology were used as a reference frame to 1) make inference into microRNA-target predictions, 2) study mathematical properties of microRNA-gene regulatory networks, 3) and conduct novel phylogenetic analyses using character data derived from weighted edges of the microRNA-target networks. This study investigates the evidences of natural selection and phylogenetic signatures inherent within the microRNA regulatory networks and quantifies time and mutation necessary to rewire a microRNA regulatory network. Selective factors that appear to operate upon seed aptamers include cooperativity (redundancy) of interactions and transcript length. Topological analyses of microRNA regulatory networks recovered significant enrichment for a motif possessing a redundant link in all twelve species sampled. This would suggest that optimization of the whole interactome topology itself has been historically subject to natural selection where resilience to attack have offered selective advantage. It seems that only a modest number of microRNA–mRNA interactions exhibit conservation over Drosophila cladogenesis. The decrease in conserved microRNA-target interactions with increasing phylogenetic distance exhibited a cure typical of a saturation phenomena. Scale free properties of a network intersection of microRNA target predictions methods were found to transect taxonomic hierarchy.
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Budd, William. "Development and Implementation of a Tissue Specific MicroRNA Prediction Tool for Identifying Targets of the Tumor Suppressor microRNA 17-3p." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2116.

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A unique computational approach was undertaken to identify targets of miR-17-3p that impart an oncogenic potential to the cells of the prostate. Utilizing this approach, we identified insulin growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) as a potential target of miR-17-3p. IGF1R imparts an oncogenic approach to the cells by helping cells escape apoptosis, become hypertrophic and increase the production of extracellular proteases that allow cells to detach from neighbors. The regulation of insulin growth factor receptor 1 by human microRNA-17-3p was evaluated using a western blot analysis of prostate cancer cell lines. Protein levels were compared in a cell line that expressed a non-targeting control RNA and a cell line that expressed microRNA-17-3p. The cell line that expressed the non-targeting control had significantly higher levels of IGF1R protein than the cell line expressing more of the active microRNA. Based on this experiment, it appears that microRNA-17-3p might regulate the insulin growth factor receptor 1.
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Joo, Lauren Jin Suk. "RET-regulated microRNAs as Recurrence Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19945.

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Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive malignancy which accounts for 3 – 5 % of all thyroid cancers. MTC originates from calcitonin-producing parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid gland. Genetically, gain-of-function mutations of the RET tyrosine kinase is known to be the key driver of MTC tumourigenesis. RET has been targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), however the efficacy has been modest. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs and are known to suppress gene expression. Deregulation of miRNAs in cancer is often associated with the progression of malignancy, and targeting miRNA expression can modify cancer behaviour. We aimed to identify miRNAs whose expressions are altered by RET in MTC, investigate their cellular and molecular effects on tumourigenesis and on modulation of TKI (cabozantinib) responses, and ultimately establish a novel miRNA therapeutic target for MTC. Small RNA-Sequencing was performed in MTC cells before and after RET inhibition to identify RET-regulated miRNAs. Expressions of potential miRNAs were validated in a large cohort of clinical MTC tissue samples. We identified a specific miRNA, miR-153-3p which was under-expressed in MTC. In vitro gain-of-function studies demonstrated the tumour suppressive roles of miR-153-3p in MTC. Restoration of miR-153-3p reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while enhancing apoptosis. miR-153-3p repressed the expression of ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 (RPS6KB1) of mTOR signalling and further reduced downstream phosphorylation of Bcl-2 associated death promoter (BAD). Finally, miR-153-3p alone and/or in combination with cabozantinib was tested in mouse xenograft models. miR-153-3p delivery alone significantly impeded the xenograft growth. Combined treatment resulted in greater growth inhibition. Furthermore, miR-153-3p appeared to enhance cell responses to cabozantinib in the xenografts. We report for the first time how RET contributes to tumour behaviour through regulation of specific miRNAs in MTC. We have identified miR-153-3p, which offers potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker for recurrence and disease progression. This study highlights potential for improved therapeutic efficacy with a novel combined treatment of miRNA plus TKIs, especially for patients with advanced, metastatic MTC.
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Rose, Jarod. "An Investigation and Visualization of MicroRNA Targets and Gene Expressions and Their Use in Classifying Cancer Samples." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1302303717.

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Youssef, Ninwa. "Analysis of conserved microRNA targets in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19211.

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MicroRNA (miRNA) is small regulatory non-coding single stranded RNA molecule that can repress protein expression either at transcriptional or translational level. Since their discoveries in nematodes in the early 1990´s extensive research have shown that this mechanism is conserved across species. Because the miRNA is so small, about 22 nucleotides (nt) long and only requires a minimum of 6nt to interact imperfect with its intended target 3´UTR, therefore a single miRNA could potentially have hundreds of potential targets, which have been suggested by computational prediction. The goal of the project is to experimentally verify three predicted Caenorhabditis elegans mir-2 miRNA­ targets in cell culture, with as candidate targets fos-1, mek-1 and sel-5.  In addition C. elegans mir-2 and its mechanism is conserved in Drosophila Melanogaster, miR-2. We want to elucidate if not only mir-2 miRNA is cross species conserved but also it targets. To test this hypothesis we selected the following predicted mir-2 target candidate genes: C. Elegans iff-1 and Drosophila Melanogaster protein ortholog eIF-5A. Validation of miRNA and its functionality was done by transfecting cells with a luciferase-3´UTR reporter only or luciferase-3´UTR and a miRNA-expression plasmid. After the reporter gene was induced, cells were harvested and the luciferase activity measured and the results normalized and compared. Unfortunately our data were inconclusive and future experiments are needed to give a clear picture.
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Books on the topic "Microrna targets"

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Laganà, Alessandro, ed. MicroRNA Target Identification. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9207-2.

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Sarkar, Fazlul H., ed. MicroRNA Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05134-5.

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Dalmay, Tamas, ed. MicroRNA Detection and Target Identification. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6866-4.

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Dalmay, Tamas, ed. MicroRNA Detection and Target Identification. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2982-6.

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Slabý, Ondřej. MicroRNAs in solid cancer: From biomarkers to therapeutic targets. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2011.

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Sarkar, Fazlul H. MicroRNA Targeted Cancer Therapy. Springer, 2016.

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Sarkar, Fazlul H. MicroRNA Targeted Cancer Therapy. Springer, 2014.

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Sarkar, Fazlul H. MicroRNA Targeted Cancer Therapy. Springer London, Limited, 2014.

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Laganà, Alessandro. MicroRNA Target Identification: Methods and Protocols. Springer New York, 2019.

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Dalmay, Tamas. MicroRNA Detection and Target Identification: Methods and Protocols. Springer, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microrna targets"

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Deng, Jia Han, Qinggao Deng, Chih-Hao Kuo, Sean W. Delaney, and Shao-Yao Ying. "MiRNA Targets of Prostate Cancer." In MicroRNA Protocols, 357–69. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-083-0_27.

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Xu, Jianzhen, and Chi-Wai Wong. "Enrichment Analysis of miRNA Targets." In MicroRNA Protocols, 91–103. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-083-0_8.

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Laganà, Alessandro. "Computational Prediction of microRNA Targets." In microRNA: Basic Science, 231–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22380-3_12.

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Fujii, Yoichi Robertus. "Quantum Language of MicroRNA: Application for New Cancer Therapeutic Targets." In MicroRNA Protocols, 145–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7601-0_12.

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Chen, Shu-Jen, and Hua-Chien Chen. "Analysis of Targets and Functions Coregulated by MicroRNAs." In MicroRNA and Cancer, 225–41. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-863-8_16.

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Tomasello, Luisa, Landon Cluts, and Carlo M. Croce. "Experimental Validation of MicroRNA Targets: Analysis of MicroRNA Targets Through Western Blotting." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 341–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9207-2_19.

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Beitzinger, Michaela, and Gunter Meister. "Experimental Identification of MicroRNA Targets." In Handbook of RNA Biochemistry, 1087–96. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527647064.ch49.

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Wang, Xiaowei. "Computational Prediction of MicroRNA Targets." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 283–95. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-811-9_19.

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Nachtigall, Pedro Gabriel, and Luiz Augusto Bovolenta. "Computational Detection of MicroRNA Targets." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 187–209. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1170-8_10.

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Ramelli, Sabrina C., and William T. Gerthoffer. "MicroRNA Targets for Asthma Therapy." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 89–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microrna targets"

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Le, Wei, Weihua Wang, Markus Gutsche, Mueen Ghani, Debra Tsai, Kevin Liu, and Daya Upadhyay. "Microrna Targets Of EGFR Regulation In Lung Cancer." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5072.

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Crouser, Elliott D., Mark Julian, Guohong Shao, Melissa Crawford, Daniel A. Culver, and Patrick Nana-Sinkam. "MicroRNA Targets The Neopterin Pathway In Pulmonary Sarcoidosis." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2270.

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HUANG, J. C., B. J. FREY, and Q. D. MORRIS. "COMPARING SEQUENCE AND EXPRESSION FOR PREDICTING microRNA TARGETS USING GenMiR3." In Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776136_0007.

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Su, Naifang, Yufu Wang, Minping Qian, and Minghua Deng. "Predicting MicroRNA targets by integrating sequence and expression data in cancer." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems Biology (ISB). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isb.2011.6033158.

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Gill, Mandeep, Bruna Sugita, Silma R. Pereira, Catalin Marian, Xi Li, Yuriy Gusev, Enilze MSF Ribeiro, Iglenir J. Cavalli, and Luciane R. Cavalli. "Abstract 1545: Identification of microRNA targets in triple-negative breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1545.

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Ramalinga, Malathi, Anvesha Srivastava, Alexander Dimtchev, Offie Soldin, James Li, Catalin Marian, Simeng Suy, Sean P. Collins, and Deepak Kumar. "Abstract 5028: MicroRNA-212 targets multiple signaling pathways in prostate cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5028.

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Paranjape, TS, SV Nallur, K. Keanie, M. Martel, BG Haffty, DP Tuck, F. Slack, and JB Weidhaas. "MicroRNA profiling of triple negative breast cancer: predicting outcome and targets." In CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-2040.

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Goel, K., N. Egersdorf, D. Cao, S. M. Majka, H. Karmouty-Quintana, and I. Petrache. "MicroRNA-126 Signaling and Targets in COPD and COPD-Pulmonary Hypertension." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a5430.

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Knobloch, Thomas J., Zhaoxia Zhang, Gary D. Stoner, Electra D. Paskett, David E. Cohn, Jeffrey M. Fowler, and Christopher M. Weghorst. "Abstract A77: Lyophilized black raspberries modulate microRNA targets inhuman cervical cancer cells." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research‐‐ Dec 6–9, 2009; Houston, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-09-a77.

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Dieujuste, Bachelard, Michelle Naidoo, and Olorunseun Ogunwobi. "Abstract 2364: MicroRNA-1205 directly targets ONECUT2 in neuroendocrine prostate cancer cells." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2364.

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Reports on the topic "Microrna targets"

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Shukla, Girish C. MicroRNA Targets of Human Androgen Receptor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589690.

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Sun, Lina, Yanan Han, Hua Wang, Huanyu Liu, Shan Liu, Hongbin Yang, Xiaoxia Ren, and Ying Fang. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0027.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to systematically review the clinical studies regarding miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease and assess the overall diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs. Condition being studied: The symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are highly variable. The diagnosis of IBD must be made through medical history, physical, laboratory, radiologic, endoscopic, and histological examinations. However, these diagnostic techniques are not specific and sometimes even equivocal. Therefore, reliable biomarkers are urgently needed in the diagnosis of IBD. Several clinical and preclinical researches have shown that dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in IBD development. miRNAs, as single-stranded noncoding RNAs that contain 22-24 nucleotides, can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by blocking mRNA translation or degrading target mRNAs. miRNAs are widely involved in physiological and pathological cellular processes, such as differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Besides, they are stable, noninvasive, and resistant to degradation by ribonucleases, making them valuable targets in the diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and treatment of diseases. To date, inconsistent results have been found about miRNA expression profiling in the patients with IBD. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs for IBD has not been reported in any meta-analysis.
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Green, Jeffrey E., and Kristin K. Deeb. Cross Species Identification and Functional Analysis of MicroRNAs in Mammary Tumorigenesis: Potential Targets for Detection, Diagnosis and Therapy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada473885.

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Eshed, Yuval, and Sarah Hake. Shaping plant architecture by age dependent programs: implications for food, feed and biofuel. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597922.bard.

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Age dependent programs are responsible for the physiological and developmental differences of young and mature plants. These include a range of morphological characters such as leaf shape and leaf composition (waxes, lignin etc..) but also different in developmental potentials. Apical buds of juvenile plants are vegetative, while those of mature plants can be reproductive. Likewise, basal buds form in the axills of juvenile leaves have different fates than distal buds formed in the axils of mature leaves. The goal of our joint project is to understand and exploit theses age related programs for specific improvement of crop plants. To that end both the WIS group and the PGEC group are using mutants with age related defects as well as modified expression of miR156 to modify age related programs in crop plants- Tomato and potato in Israel and Maize, switchgrass and Brchipodium in the US. In the US, major effort were made to: Characterize the contribution of selected miR156 target genes to yield component traits of maize. Functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets in new crop plants. In Israel, the research progressed in several directions: Understanding the interplay between age dependent programs and the potential of tomato and potato meristems to produce tubers. Evaluation of the agronomic value of mutants that alter flowering regime in side shoots in general, and in the sympodial buds in particular Characterization of wild type axillary buds, comparing shoot ontogeny of gradually maturing apices from basal and distal positions along the main shoot of tomato.
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Lers, Amnon, and Pamela J. Green. Analysis of Small RNAs Associated with Plant Senescence. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593393.bard.

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Senescence is an agriculturally significant process due to its negative impact to crop yield and postharvest quality. The genetic regulatory systems controlling senescence induction and progress respond to both developmental and environmental stress signals and involve numerous gene expression changes. Knowledge about the key molecular factors which control senescence is very limited. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs which typically function by guiding cleavage of target messenger RNAs. They have been shown to play major roles in a variety of plant processes including development, responses to environmental stresses, and senescence. The long-term goal of this work is to elucidate roles of small RNAs associated with plant senescence. The hypothesis underlying this research is that miRNA-mediated regulation makes important contributions to the senescence process in plants. Specific, original research objectives included: 1) Profiling of small RNAs from senescing plants; 2) Data Analysis and public access via a user-friendly web interface; 3) Validation of senescence-associated miRNAs and target RNAs; 4) Development of transgenic plants for functional analysis of miRNAs in Arabidopsis. Major revisions made in the research compared to the original work plan included 1) Exclusion of the planned work with tomato as recommended by the BARD review panel; 2) Performing miRNA study also in senescing Arabidopsis siliques, in addition to senescing leaves. To identify senescenceregulation of miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, eight small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced at four different stages of development and senescence from both leaves and siliques, resulting in more than 200 million genome-matched sequences. Parallel Analysis of RNA Ends (PARE) libraries, which enable the large-scale examination of miRNA-guided cleavage products, were also constructed and sequenced, resulting in over 750 million genome-matched sequences. These massive datasets lead to the identification of new miRNAs, as well as new regulation of known miRNAs and their target genes during senescence, many of which have established roles in nutrient responsiveness and cell structural integrity. In keeping with remobilization of nutrients thought to occur during senescence, many miRNAs and targets had opposite expression pattern changes between leaf and silique tissues during the progression of senescence. Taken together, these findings highlight the integral role that miRNAs may play in the remobilization of resources and alteration of cellular structure that is known to occur in senescence. Experiments were initiated for functional analysis of specific senescence-associated miRNAs and respective target genes. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated in which miR408, found in this study to be significantly induced in leaf senescence, was over-expressed either constitutively or under a senescence-specific promoter. These plants are currently being characterized for any altered phenotypes. In addition T-DNA knock out mutants for various target genes identified in this research are being analyzed. This work provides insights about specific miRNAs that contribute to leaf and silique senescence. The knowledge generated may suggest new strategies to monitor and alter the progression of senescence in crops for agricultural improvement.
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Zhao, Hua. Identification and Functional Characterization of Somatic Mutations in Human MicroRNAs and their Responsive Elements in Target Genes in Ovarian Tumor Tissues. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada508403.

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Burks, Thomas F., Victor Alchanatis, and Warren Dixon. Enhancement of Sensing Technologies for Selective Tree Fruit Identification and Targeting in Robotic Harvesting Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591739.bard.

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The proposed project aims to enhance tree fruit identification and targeting for robotic harvesting through the selection of appropriate sensor technology, sensor fusion, and visual servo-control approaches. These technologies will be applicable for apple, orange and grapefruit harvest, although specific sensor wavelengths may vary. The primary challenges are fruit occlusion, light variability, peel color variation with maturity, range to target, and computational requirements of image processing algorithms. There are four major development tasks in original three-year proposed study. First, spectral characteristics in the VIS/NIR (0.4-1.0 micron) will be used in conjunction with thermal data to provide accurate and robust detection of fruit in the tree canopy. Hyper-spectral image pairs will be combined to provide automatic stereo matching for accurate 3D position. Secondly, VIS/NIR/FIR (0.4-15.0 micron) spectral sensor technology will be evaluated for potential in-field on-the-tree grading of surface defect, maturity and size for selective fruit harvest. Thirdly, new adaptive Lyapunov-basedHBVS (homography-based visual servo) methods to compensate for camera uncertainty, distortion effects, and provide range to target from a single camera will be developed, simulated, and implemented on a camera testbed to prove concept. HBVS methods coupled with imagespace navigation will be implemented to provide robust target tracking. And finally, harvesting test will be conducted on the developed technologies using the University of Florida harvesting manipulator test bed. During the course of the project it was determined that the second objective was overly ambitious for the project period and effort was directed toward the other objectives. The results reflect the synergistic efforts of the three principals. The USA team has focused on citrus based approaches while the Israeli counterpart has focused on apples. The USA team has improved visual servo control through the use of a statistical-based range estimate and homography. The results have been promising as long as the target is visible. In addition, the USA team has developed improved fruit detection algorithms that are robust under light variation and can localize fruit centers for partially occluded fruit. Additionally, algorithms have been developed to fuse thermal and visible spectrum image prior to segmentation in order to evaluate the potential improvements in fruit detection. Lastly, the USA team has developed a multispectral detection approach which demonstrated fruit detection levels above 90% of non-occluded fruit. The Israel team has focused on image registration and statistical based fruit detection with post-segmentation fusion. The results of all programs have shown significant progress with increased levels of fruit detection over prior art.
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Sanchez, J. Conceptual Design of Low Pressure, 300 degree K Fill System for Ignition Target Capsules with Micron Size Fill Tubes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15006531.

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Whitham, Steven A., Amit Gal-On, and Victor Gaba. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Host Genes Involved with Symptom Expression in Potyviral Infections. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593391.bard.

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Understanding how RNA viruses cause disease symptoms in their hosts is expected to provide information that can be exploited to enhance modern agriculture. The helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) protein of potyviruses has been implicated in symptom development. Previously, we demonstrated that symptom expression is associated with binding of duplex small-interfering-RNA (duplex-siRNA) to a highly conserved FRNK amino acid motif in the HC-Pro of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). This binding activity also alters host microRNA (miRNA) profiles. In Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), which infects the model plant Arabidopsis, mutation of the FRNK motif to FINK was lethal providing further indication of the importance of this motif to HC-Pro function. In this continuation project, our goal was to further investigate how ZYMV and TuMV cause the mis-expression of genes in cucurbits and Arabidopsis, respectively, and to correlate altered gene expression with disease symptoms. Objective 1 was to examine the roles of aromatic and positively charged residues F164RNH and K215RLF adjacent to FR180NK in small RNA binding. Objective 2 was to determine the target genes of the miRNAs which change during HC-Pro expression in infected tissues and transgenic cucumber. Objective 3 was to characterize RNA silencing mechanisms underlying differential expression of host genes. Objective 4 was to analyze the function of miRNA target genes and differentially expressed genes in potyvirus-infected tissues. We found that the charged K/R amino acid residues in the FKNH and KRLF motifs are essential for virus viability. Replacement of K to I in FKNH disrupted duplex-siRNA binding and virus infectivity, while in KRLF mutants duplex-siRNA binding was maintained and virus infectivity was limited: symptomless following a recovery phenomenon. These findings expanded the duplex-siRNA binding activity of HC-Pro to include the adjacent FRNK and FRNH sites. ZYMV causes many squash miRNAs to hyper-accumulate such as miR166, miR390, mir168, and many others. Screening of mir target genes showed that only INCURVATA-4 and PHAVOLUTA were significantly upregulated following ZYMVFRNK infection. Supporting this finding, we found similar developmental symptoms in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing P1-HC-Pro of a range of potyviruses to those observed in miR166 mutants. We characterized increased transcription of AGO1 in response to infection with both ZYMV strains. Differences in viral siRNA profiles and accumulation between mild and severe virus infections were characterized by Illumina sequencing, probably due to the differences in HC-Pro binding activity. We determined that the TuMV FINK mutant could accumulate and cause symptoms in dcl2 dcl4 or dcl2 dcl3 dcl4 mutants similar to TuMV FRNK in wild type Arabidopsis plants. These dcl mutant plants are defective in antiviral defenses, and the results show that factors other than HC-ProFRNK motif can induce symptoms in virus-infected plants. As a result of this work, we have a better understanding of the FRNK and FKNH amino acid motifs of HC-Pro and their contributions to the duplex-siRNA binding functions. We have identified plant genes that potentially contribute to infectivity and symptoms of virus infected plants when they are mis-expressed during potyviral infections. The results establish that there are multiple underlying molecular mechanisms that lead viral pathogenicity, some dependent on HC-Pro. The potential benefits include the development of novel strategies for controlling diseases caused by viruses, methods to ensure stable expression of transgenes in genetically improved crops, and improved potyvirus vectors for expression of proteins or peptides in plants.
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Yasuike, K., K. B. Wharton, M. Key, S. Hatchett, and R. Snavely. Hot Electron Diagnostic in a Solid Laser Target by K-Shell Lines Measurement from Ultra-Intense Laser-Plasma Interactions R=1.06 (micron)m, 3x10 W/cm -2(less than or equal to) 500 J. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802096.

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