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Journal articles on the topic 'Microplastics ingestion'
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1
Rotjan, Randi D., Koty H. Sharp, Anna E. Gauthier, Rowan Yelton, Eliya M. Baron Lopez, Jessica Carilli, Jonathan C. Kagan, and Juanita Urban-Rich. "Patterns, dynamics and consequences of microplastic ingestion by the temperate coral, Astrangia poculata." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1905 (June 26, 2019): 20190726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0726.
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Microplastics (less than 5 mm) are a recognized threat to aquatic food webs because they are ingested at multiple trophic levels and may bioaccumulate. In urban coastal environments, high densities of microplastics may disrupt nutritional intake. However, behavioural dynamics and consequences of microparticle ingestion are still poorly understood. As filter or suspension feeders, benthic marine invertebrates are vulnerable to microplastic ingestion. We explored microplastic ingestion by the temperate coral Astrangia poculata . We detected an average of over 100 microplastic particles per polyp in wild-captured colonies from Rhode Island. In the laboratory, corals were fed microbeads to characterize ingestion preference and retention of microplastics and consequences on feeding behaviour. Corals were fed biofilmed microplastics to test whether plastics serve as vectors for microbes. Ingested microplastics were apparent within the mesenterial tissues of the gastrovascular cavity. Corals preferred microplastic beads and declined subsequent offerings of brine shrimp eggs of the same diameter, suggesting that microplastic ingestion can inhibit food intake. The corals co-ingested Escherichia coli cells with microbeads. These findings detail specific mechanisms by which microplastics threaten corals, but also hint that the coral A. poculata , which has a large coastal range, may serve as a useful bioindicator and monitoring tool for microplastic pollution.
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Lusher, Amy L., Ciaran O'Donnell, Rick Officer, and Ian O'Connor. "Microplastic interactions with North Atlantic mesopelagic fish." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 4 (December 23, 2015): 1214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv241.
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Abstract Microplastics in the marine environment are well documented, and interactions with marine biota have been described worldwide. However, interactions with vertically migrating fish are poorly understood. The diel vertical migration of mesopelagic fish represents one, if not the largest, vertical migration of biomass on the planet, and is thus an important link between the euphotic zone, transporting carbon and other nutrients to global deep sea communities. Knowledge of how mesopelagic fish interact and distribute plastic as a marine contaminant is required as these populations have been identified as a potential global industrial fishery for fishmeal production. Ingestion of microplastic by mesopelagic fish in the Northeast Atlantic was studied. Approximately 11% of the 761 fish examined had microplastics present in their digestive tracts. No clear difference in ingestion frequency was identified between species, location, migration behaviour, or time of capture. While ingesting microplastic may not negatively impact individual mesopelagic fish, the movement of mesopelagic fish from the euphotic zone to deeper waters could mediate transfer of microplastics to otherwise unexposed species and regions of the world's oceans.
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Foo, Yuen Hwei, Sharnietha Ratnam, Er Vin Lim, Masthurah Abdullah, Vincent J. Molenaar, Aileen Tan Shau Hwai, Shoufeng Zhang, Hongjun Li, and Norlaila Binti Mohd Zanuri. "Microplastic ingestion by commercial marine fish from the seawater of Northwest Peninsular Malaysia." PeerJ 10 (April 19, 2022): e13181. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13181.
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Over the past decade, concerns over microplastic pollution in the marine ecosystem has increasingly gained more attention, but research investigating the ingestion of microplastics by marine fish in Malaysia is still regrettably lacking. This study investigated the microplastic presence, abundance, and morphological types within the guts of four species of commercial marine fish (Atule mate, Crenimugil seheli, Sardinella fimbriata and Rastrelliger brachysoma) caught in seawater off the coast of Malaysia’s Northwest Peninsular. A total of 72 individual commercial marine fish guts from four species (fish per species n = 18) were examined. Remarkably, this study found that 100% of the samples contained microplastics. A total number of 432 microplastics (size < 5 mm) from the four species were found in the excised marine fish guts. The most common type of microplastic discovered was fragment, which accounted for 49.5% of all microplastics present. The gut microplastic content differed between species. Sardinella fimbriata recorded the greatest amount of microplastic ingestion, with an average microplastic count of 6.5 (±4.3) items per individual fish. However, there were no statistically significant differences found when comparing study species and different locations. SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the presence of microplastic particles by identifying the chemical elements found in the samples. Since the four studied species of commercial marine fish are popular protein sources in Malaysians’ daily diet, this study suggests potential microplastic exposure to humans via contaminated fish consumption in Malaysia, which was previously unknown. Based on previous scientific evidence, this study also demonstrates the high probability of microplastic ingestion in marine fish in the Malaysian seawater, which could have an adverse effect on fish health as well as marine biota.
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Kristanti, Risky Ayu, Wei Lin Wong, Yeti Darmayati, Ariani Hatmanti, Nilam Fadmaulidha Wulandari, Mada Triandala Sibero, Nur Fitriah Afianti, Erika Hernandes, and Flavio Lopez-Martinez. "Characteristics of Microplastic in Commercial Aquatic Organisms." Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution 2, no. 2 (December 14, 2022): 134–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/tasp.v2i2.134.
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This study aims to review the occurrence of microplastics in some commercial aquatic organisms. Microplastics are small plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. Effluent, stormwater, agricultural, and surface runoff introduce microplastic to freshwater basins. Hydrodynamics and hydrology encompass microplastics. River flow speed can cause turbulence and riverbed instability, increasing microplastic concentrations. Fish, shellfish, and crustaceans ingest microplastics in proportion to their quantity in freshwater and marine environments. Human activities cause variations in the form, color, and size of microplastics in the biota. Animals absorb microplastics through trophic transfer. Increased microplastic residence time before ingestion promotes trophic transmission. Lower food concentration and aggregation enhance microplastic retention in zooplankton guts, increasing transmission to higher-trophic-level species. Most studies show that microplastics in biota are discovered in fish and crustacean intestines and bivalve tissues. Microplastic buildup can disrupt live organisms' growth and reproduction, induce oxidative stress, obstruct the digestive system, and damage the intestine. Microplastics may harm people's health if they eat contaminated seafood that contains them, but more research is needed.
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Grace, Jacquelyn K., Elena Duran, Mary Ann Ottinger, Mark S. Woodrey, and Terri J. Maness. "Microplastics in the Gulf of Mexico: A Bird’s Eye View." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 7849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137849.
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Microplastic debris is a persistent, ubiquitous global pollutant in oceans, estuaries, and freshwater systems. Some of the highest reported concentrations of microplastics, globally, are in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), which is home to the majority of plastic manufacturers in the United States. A comprehensive understanding of the risk microplastics pose to wildlife is critical to the development of scientifically sound mitigation and policy initiatives. In this review, we synthesize existing knowledge of microplastic debris in the Gulf of Mexico and its effects on birds and make recommendations for further research. The current state of knowledge suggests that microplastics are widespread in the marine environment, come from known sources, and have the potential to be a major ecotoxicological concern for wild birds, especially in areas of high concentration such as the GoM. However, data for GoM birds are currently lacking regarding typical microplastic ingestion rates uptake of chemicals associated with plastics by avian tissues; and physiological, behavioral, and fitness consequences of microplastic ingestion. Filling these knowledge gaps is essential to understand the hazard microplastics pose to wild birds, and to the creation of effective policy actions and widespread mitigation measures to curb this emerging threat to wildlife.
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Dos Santos, Elizângela Alves, Ana Carla Asfora El-Deir, and Jacqueline Santos Silva Cavalcanti. "Microplastics vs. ichthyoplankton: effects of this interaction in controlled and estuarine environments." STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54020/seasv3n1-006.
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This literature review exploring the relationship between microplastics and ichthyoplankton was conducted in the main databases available online, considering the period from 2007 to 2021. Sixty articles were found reporting the presence of microplastics in estuarine environments (71.7%), and ingestion by ichthyoplankton in estuarine environments (16.6%) and under experimental conditions (11.7%). The most abundant microplastic found in natural environments was fiber (55%). Environments with densities between 17.5 and 4100 particles/m³ exhibited greater possibilities of ingestion of these particles by ichthyoplankton, the smaller the microplastic particle (63 μm-0.5 mm) the greater the probability (95%) of being ingested by ichthyoplankton (>2.56 mm). Danio rerio (zebrafish) was the species commonly used to assess the effects caused by the interaction between microplastics and ichthyoplankton under experimental conditions. The effects frequently reported were: increased heart rates (25%); growth inhibition (25%); interference in larvae’s swimming speed (53.4%); and inflammation in various organs (e.g., liver, intestine) (50%).
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Phaksopa, Jitraporn, Roochira Sukhsangchan, Rangsiwut Keawsang, Kittipod Tanapivattanakul, Thon Thamrongnawasawat, Suchai Worachananant, and Patinya Sreesamran. "Presence and Characterization of Microplastics in Coastal Fish around the Eastern Coast of Thailand." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 13110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313110.
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Marine microplastic has been in the limelight recently. This study aimed to describe microplastic types ingested by 274 fish from Thailand’s eastern coast in 2020 and to compare the microplastic content among different feeding traits. The microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts and gills were extracted, analyzed, and identified using FT-IR spectroscopy. Approximately 13.14% of the total specimen ingested microplastics, with an average of 0.14 items per individual. The detection frequency of microplastics was relatively high compared with other regions in Thailand but relatively low compared to global standards. Of the microplastic contaminated specimens, 56.41% had at least one piece of microplastic in their gastrointestinal tract. Pelagic (14.47%) species were found to have ingested more microplastics than the demersal (12.63%) group. Dominant aspects found included PET (as in polymers), fiber (as in shape), and black (as in color). However, microplastic numbers fluctuated with the size, weight, and feeding behavior of fish. This result suggested that the pelagic has a higher exposure risk and microplastic ingestion in relatively small quantities in a range of fish species. Our results indicated that the occurrence of microplastics in fish is not influenced by organism habitat or trophic level, although the characteristics of pelagic fish might significantly increase the chance of exposure to microplastics in pelagic species.
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M., Ragumaran, Mohan Raj V., Susan George, Sangeetha R., and Mathu Mitha C. "Study on the Presence of Microplastics in Zooplankton Collected from Ennore Estuary, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.026.
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Microplastic contamination has been considered as a global environmental problem in marine ecosystem. Due to small size (< 5 mm) in overlapping with that of microalgae, microplastics can easily be ingested by a wide range of marine copepods. Microplastics are mistakenly ingested by zooplankton as food, subsequently disrupting the biological process of zooplankton, a crucial food source for many secondary consumers. As copepods dominate zooplankton biomass and provide an essential trophic link in marine ecosystem, copepods are at an increased risk of microplastic ingestion. The seasonal change in microplastics in copepods and the key environmental factors influencing the retention of microplastics in copepods are largely unknown. In the present study we collected copepods from Ennore estuary and identified them up to the species level. The samples were digested and visually examined by using microscope for presence of microplastic. Our results showed that the copepods collected from Ennore estuary contained microplastics in their body.
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Scacco, Umberto, Emanuele Mancini, Federica Marcucci, and Francesco Tiralongo. "Microplastics in the Deep: Comparing Dietary and Plastic Ingestion Data between Two Mediterranean Bathyal Opportunistic Feeder Species, Galeus melastomus, Rafinesque, 1810 and Coelorinchus caelorhincus (Risso, 1810), through Stomach Content Analysis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (May 2, 2022): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050624.
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Marine plastic pollution is currently an issue of mounting concern around the world. Stomach content of marine fish has been increasingly used as a valid proxy for detecting the presence of such a pollutant in marine biota, both for coastal and deep-water environments. Although ingestion of microplastics has been reported in an increasing number of species, the patterns of ingestion still remain unclear, depending closely on the interaction between the species and types of microplastics involved. In this context, we analysed and compared the stomach contents of two bathyal dwelling opportunistic feeder species namely Galeus melastomus and Coelorinchus caelorhincus. In particular, we analysed microplastic items according to their dimension, morphology and colour, and diet’s variation with size obtained through prey identification. Both species showed a higher frequency of occurrence of the blue filament-like middle-sized microplastics (1.01–4.75 mm) compared with the other categories, although this pattern was much more marked in C. caelorhincus than in G. melastomus. The latter conversely showed a larger array of ingested plastic items in terms of shape and colour. Matching plastic ingestion with dietary data suggested potential predator confusion occurring in C. caelorhincus through active mis-selection of a defined type of microplastic instead of some particular family of polychaetes, which resemble in shape, size, and color to that type. Otherwise, G. melastomus appeared more prone to a random ingestion of a larger array of microplastic items because of a more generalistic and less selective feeding strategy. Although further validation is needed, stomach contents of the two species showed evidence strong enough to be considered as potential bioindicator species of microplastic pollution, as required by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive for monitoring this pollutant in the marine environment.
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Hou, Dandi, Man Hong, Yanting Wang, Pengsheng Dong, Huangwei Cheng, Huizhen Yan, Zhiyuan Yao, Daoji Li, Kai Wang, and Demin Zhang. "Assessing the Risks of Potential Bacterial Pathogens Attaching to Different Microplastics during the Summer–Autumn Period in a Mariculture Cage." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091909.
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As microplastic pollution continues to increase, an emerging threat is the potential for microplastics to act as novel substrates and/or carriers for pathogens. This is of particular concern for aquatic product safety given the growing evidence of microplastic ingestion by aquaculture species. However, the potential risks of pathogens associated with microplastics in mariculture remain poorly understood. Here, an in situ incubation experiment involving three typical microplastics including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP) was conducted during the summer–autumn period in a mariculture cage. The identification of potential pathogens based on the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and a custom-made database for pathogenic bacteria involved in aquatic environments, was performed to assess the risks of different microplastics attaching potential pathogens. The enrichment of pathogens was not observed in microplastic-associated communities when compared with free-living and particle-attached communities in surrounding seawater. Despite the lower relative abundance, pathogens showed different preferences for three microplastic substrates, of which PET was the most favored by pathogens, especially potentially pathogenic members of Vibrio, Tenacibaculum, and Escherichia. Moreover, the colonization of these pathogens on microplastics was strongly affected by environmental factors (e.g., temperature, nitrite). Our results provide insights into the ecological risks of microplastics in mariculture industry.
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Mahara, N., JJ Alava, M. Kowal, E. Grant, JL Boldt, LE Kwong, and BPV Hunt. "Assessing size-based exposure to microplastic particles and ingestion pathways in zooplankton and herring in a coastal pelagic ecosystem of British Columbia, Canada." Marine Ecology Progress Series 683 (February 3, 2022): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13966.
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Microplastic particles (hereafter 'microplastics') are a widespread class of pollutants in marine environments that can become embedded in food webs. Due to their diverse composition and size, microplastics can enter food webs both directly through consumption and indirectly via trophic transfer. In this study, we investigated potential ingestion pathways of microplastics in an important pelagic food web in coastal British Columbia, Canada. Between March and September 2019, we completed repeat surveys of water, zooplankton, and larval Pacific herring Clupea pallasii at 11 locations in Baynes Sound, Strait of Georgia. Five zooplankton taxa were isolated from each zooplankton sample for specific analysis. Juvenile herring were sampled once in September. Samples were cold-digested with KOH or H2O2 and suspected microplastics isolated. Suspected microplastics were confirmed using μ-Raman spectroscopy and were subsequently identified from the collected samples. The average microplastic concentration in surface waters was 0.59 microplastic particles l-1, and no clear spatial pattern was evident. Average microplastic particle loads were 0.0007 ind.-1 in zooplankton, 0.0017 ind.-1 in larval herring, and 0.089 ind.-1 in juvenile herring. There was a clear difference in the biological:microplastic particle ratio across size fractions (125-250, 250-500, 500-1000, 1000-2000, 2000-4000 µm) in the water column. In size classes <1000 µm, biological particles outnumbered microplastic particles by up to 4 orders of magnitude, whereas for size classes >1000 µm, the ratio decreased to nearly 1. Zooplanktivorous consumers like juvenile herring are more likely to consume microplastics than prey since the ratio of microplastic particles >1000 µm to potential food, and therefore encounter rate, is higher.
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Asadi, Muhammad Arif, Feni Iranawati, Fairus Nafidya, Supriyadi Supriyadi, and Avijit Talukder. "Microplastics in wild clams harvested from coastal waters of Lamongan, Indonesia." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 54, no. 5 (September 6, 2022): 220506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.5.6.
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The contamination of microplastics have been reported in a wide array of marine organisms, including bivalve molluscs. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and abundance of microplastics in bivalves from coastal waters of Paciran, Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. High population and anthropogenic activities in the area may lead the contamination of microplastics in its marine organisms. Microplastics were recovered from the soft tissues of three species of wild clams, Gafrarium tumidum, Anadara antiquata, and Venerupis philippinarum. In each species, microplastics were grouped based on their types and sizes. The extraction of microplastics was using 30% H2O2, while flotation method using NaCl was used to separate the dissolved liquid of the clam’s soft tissues. Microplastic ingestion was found in 99.23% of the clam samples with average concentration of 3.5 ± 2.8 items/individual and 3.2 ± 2.52 items/g. V. philippinarum had the highest microplastics concentration (4.9 ± 2.80 items/g and 5.6 ± 3.22 items/individual). Microplastic types from all samples were dominated by fibers (80.77%), in which 57% of them were less than 200 µm in size. The ubiquitous contamination of microplastics in clams of the coastal waters of Lamongan, Indonesia is serious concerns for marine food webs and human health.
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Nugroho, Failasuf Aulia, and Janusz Fyda. "Uptake of plastic microbeads by ciliate Paramecium aurelia." Science, Technology and Innovation 9, no. 2 (September 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4173.
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Microplastics (MPs) are small fraction of plastics that are less than 5 mm in length. They are bountiful and widespread pollutants in the aquatic environment. A wide range of organisms which play an important role in the food web, ingest microplastic particles and transfer them to the higher trophic levels. In this work, ingestion of fluorescent polystyrene beads 2 µm of diameter by ciliated protozoa Paramecium aurelia in different concentrations and times of exposure was studied. We studied also the ingestion and clearance rate as well as formation of food vacuoles. The highest uptake of beads by ciliates reached 1047.2 ± 414.46 particles after 10 min of incubation. Food vacuoles formation reflected the ingestion rate of P. aurelia, which increased at higher beads concentration up to the10th minute of incubation and decreased afterwards. On the contrary, the clearance rate persisted to be higher at low concentration. These findings showed that maximum capacity of microplastics ingestion by paramecia depended on beads concentration and on time of exposure.
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Ward, J. Evan, Maria Rosa, and Sandra E. Shumway. "Capture, ingestion, and egestion of microplastics by suspension-feeding bivalves: a 40-year history." Anthropocene Coasts 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/anc-2018-0027.
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In aquatic environments, suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs are exposed to a manifold of natural and anthropogenically derived particles, including micro- and nanoplastics. Plastic particles interact with feeding and digestive organs and can produce negative effects. As a result of these effects and the potential transfer of microplastics to higher trophic levels, including humans, there has been renewed interest in the ingestion of plastic particles by different species of bivalves. Many recent studies, however, have ignored the ability of bivalves to select among particles both pre- and post-ingestively. Neglecting to consider the factors that mediate particle capture, ingestion, and egestion can lead to erroneous data and conclusions. This paper outlines the current state of knowledge of particle processing by bivalves, and demonstrates how it relates to studies utilizing plastic particles. In particular, the effects of particle size, shape, and surface properties on capture, preferential ingestion, post-ingestive sorting, and egestion are summarized. The implications of particle selection for the use of bivalves as bioindicators of microplastic pollution in the environment are discussed. Only through a full understanding of the types of plastic particles ingested and egested by bivalves can internal exposure, toxic effects, and trophic transfer of microplastics be assessed adequately.
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Loayza, Erick, Amaya C. Trigoso Barrientos, and Geert P. J. Janssens. "Evidence of microplastics in water and commercial fish from a high-altitude mountain lake (Lake Titicaca)." PeerJ 10 (November 9, 2022): e14112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14112.
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Microplastic pollution is a widespread environmental concern. Like other anthropogenic pollutants, microplastics can reach aquatic ecosystems through rivers and interact with the aquatic biota. For instance, Lake Titicaca (between Bolivia and Peru), one of the great ancient lakes in South America (3,809 m a.s.l.), shows a pollution problem, particularly in the southern shallow basin (Lago Menor) in Bolivia. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the presence of microplastics and their interaction with the biota of Lake Titicaca is limited. Therefore, this study evaluated the presence of microplastics in the stomach content of the four fish species targeted by local fisheries in Lago Menor of Lake Titicaca (Orestias luteus, Orestias agassizii, Trichomycterus dispar, and Odonthestes bonariensis; N = 1,283), and looked for relationships with trophic guilds or fishing areas. Additionally, surface water was analyzed to evaluate the presence of microplastics in the water. The evaluation of microplastics was carried out by visual observations. We observed that the frequency of microplastic ingestion was low in all species (<5%). Conversely, microplastic was present in the water, with the highest quantity at the southern part of Lago Menor (103 ± 20 particles per L), without differences in the microplastic number between sites. Most microplastics counted in stomach contents were fibers, whereas water samples mainly contained fragments. Our results point to microplastic pollution in Lago Menor of Lake Titicaca. However, we could not determine the pollution rate due to considerable methodological limitations. Further research will be needed to robustly detect microplastics in Lake Titicaca and their impact on the fish species in the lake.
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Singh, Surya, Madhanraj Kalyanasundaram, and Vishal Diwan. "Removal of microplastics from wastewater: available techniques and way forward." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 12 (October 29, 2021): 3689–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.472.
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Abstract Microplastics are the newly emerged contaminants with a presence in almost every part of the globe. Despite being small in size, microplastic particles have proved to be harmful for plants, animals, humans, and for the ecosystem in general. Water is one of the most important routes through which microplastics transfer from one place to another. Moreover, water is also an important route for the ingestion of microplastics in human, which results in various health issues, such as cancer, mutagenic and teratogenic abnormalities. Thus, microplastics in water is an emerging public health issue which needs attention and, hence, it is important to investigate removal techniques for microplastics in wastewater. Although, there are some biological, chemical/electrochemical, and physical techniques to remove microplastics, their wide scale applicability and cost–effectiveness is an issue. In this review, we have discussed the existing and upcoming treatment technologies for the removal of microplastics from wastewater and also tried to present an overview for the future approaches.
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Nugrahapraja, Husna, Pramudya Wisnu Wicaksono Sugiyo, Balqis Qonita Putri, Ni’matuzahroh Ni’matuzahroh, Fatimah Fatimah, Li Huang, Nourhane Hafza, et al. "Effects of Microplastic on Human Gut Microbiome: Detection of Plastic-Degrading Genes in Human Gut Exposed to Microplastics—Preliminary Study." Environments 9, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9110140.
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Microplastics are major pollutants in the environment, and it is currently established that microplastics have already entered human food chains and been incorporated into the human body through ingestion and inhalation. Several works in animal models have already reported the adverse effect of microplastic exposure on biological systems; however, the effect of microplastic contamination on human health is still far from understood. In previous work, we reported microplastic contamination in the digestive tract of the Indonesian coastal and highland population. Using the same stool samples, we extended our previous work by investigating gut microbial composition in samples with and without microplastic contamination using next-generation sequencing. We found that microplastic contamination does not affect overall gut microbial composition and the abundance of gut-health-related genes. However, we found a negative and positive correlation between specific types of microplastics with certain bacterial taxa, especially from the genera Roseburia, Clostridium, and Prevotella. Despite the lack of a profound effect on the gut microbiome, we detected for the first time the presence of genes encoding plastic-degrading enzymes in the human gut microbiome, suggesting an adaptation of gut microbiome to microplastic contamination.
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Goh, Patricia Blair, Siriporn Pradit, Prawit Towatana, Somkiat Khokkiatiwong, Butchanok Kongket, and Zhong Moh Julia Hwei. "Microplastic Abundance in Blood Cockles and Shrimps from Fishery Market, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 2899–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-05.
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Microplastics have been one of the major pollutants in the marine environment throughout the recent decade. At present, microplastic contamination in marine ecosystems of Thailand region has become an increasing environmental concern because the ingestion of microplastics in marine organisms may adversely influence the safety of seafood. Cockles and shrimps widely distribute among marine organisms in Thailand since they are one of the commercial sources of seafood, which may be a route of exposure to microplastics towards human. This study documents a market survey in order to understand the extension of microplastic presence in blood cockles (Anadara granosa), fine shrimp (Metapenaeus elegans) and Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) sold in the fishery market in Singhanakorn district, Songkhla province. These selected species are widely consumed and economically important, especially in the southern Thailand region. The total microplastic concentration in blood cockles is 4.71±0.06 n/g (wet weight) and 2.64±0.01 n/individual; in fine shrimp is 0.50±0.19 n/g (wet weight) and 3.70±1.12 n/individual; in Indian white shrimp is 0.69±0.48 n/g (wet weight) and 3.45±0.04n/individual. Discovered microplastics in all the species samples were mainly composed of microplastic fibres and black colour was found to be more predominant. Our results indicate that microplastic contamination is present in Thailand’s commercial seafood species. As microplastic able to be transferred to human through food web, we suggest further market-based survey studies on other seafood sources.
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De-la-Torre, Gabriel Enrique, Diego Marcelo Apaza-Vargas, and Luis Luis Santillán. "Microplastic ingestion and feeding ecology in three intertidal mollusk species from Lima, Peru." Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 55, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2020.55.2.2502.
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Microplastics (< 5 mm) are ubiquitous contaminants in the marine environment. The aims of the present study were to report the incidence of microplastic pollution in three mollusk species from the coast of Lima and to investigate the relationship between microplastic ingestion and feeding ecology. Specimens of three mollusk species Semimytilus algosus, Tegula atra and Chiton granosus were sampled from the intertidal rocky zone. For microplastic isolation, soft tissues were digested in 10% KOH, vacuum filtrated and analyzed under a microscope. Rigorous contamination prevention measures were taken into account. C. granosus was the most contaminated mollusk (6.92 ± 2.13 particles g-1). Red fibers were the overall most abundant microplastic. The feeding behavior of T. atra promotes microplastic exposure to C. granosus. More research is needed to fully understand the microplastic effects on mollusk species.
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Wagstaff, Antony, and Bruce Petrie. "Enhanced desorption of fluoxetine from polyethylene terephthalate microplastics in gastric fluid and sea water." Environmental Chemistry Letters 20, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01405-0.
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AbstractThere are concerns that microplastics act as a vector of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Most studies have focussed on pharmaceutical adsorption and have not investigated desorption in the various matrices that microplastics enter. Therefore we studied the desorption of the antidepressant drug fluoxetine from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics in river water, sea water, and simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. We found that most desorption occurred rapidly, within a few hours of exposure. Fluoxetine desorption fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm with r2 values ranging from 0.97 to 0.99. Desorption decreased in the following order: gastric fluid at 20 °C and 37 °C; sea water at 20 °C; intestinal fluid at 20 °C and 37 °C; then river water at 20 °C. The little difference in desorption in gastrointestinal fluids at 20 °C and 37 °C suggests a similar exposure risk to cold- and warm-blooded organisms following PET microplastic ingestion. Total desorption following sequential incubation 2 h in gastric fluid then 4 h in intestinal fluid to mimic gastrointestinal digestion was 37% at 20 °C and 41% at 37 °C. Interestingly, higher desorption of 18–23% occurred in sea water compared to river water, of 4–11%. Under a worst-case scenario, more than 44 mg kg−1 body weight d−1 or more than 52 mg kg−1 body weight d−1 of PET microplastics from river water or sea water, respectively, need to be consumed to exceed the mammalian acceptable daily intake for fluoxetine. Further studies are needed on microplastic ingestion and the bioavailability of adsorbed pharmaceuticals to a range of exposed aquatic organisms.
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Bayo, Javier, Dolores Rojo, Pedro Martínez-Baños, Joaquín López-Castellanos, and Sonia Olmos. "Commercial Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) from the Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon as Hotspots of Microplastic Accumulation in the Digestive System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 6844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136844.
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This paper presents the results on the presence and characterization of microplastics (MP) in the gastrointestinal tract of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), a species of commercial interest from the Mar Menor coastal lagoon in Southeast Spain. This is the first time that microplastic ingestion is recorded in any species from this semi-enclosed bay. Stomach and intestine from a total of 17 specimens captured by local fishermen were processed, and microplastic particles and fibers found in all of them were displayed. Overall, 40.32% (279/692) of total isolated microparticles proved to be microplastics; i.e., <5 mm, as identified by FTIR spectroscopy. The average value by fish was 20.11 ± 2.94 MP kg−1, corresponding to average concentrations of 3912.06 ± 791.24 and 1562.17 ± 402.04 MP by kg stomach and intestine, respectively. Four MP forms were isolated: fiber (71.68%), fragment (21.15%), film (6.81%), and microbead (0.36%), with sizes ranging from 91 µm to 5 mm, an average of 0.83 ± 0.04 mm, and no statistically significant differences between mean sizes in stomach and intestine samples (F-test = 0.004; p = 0.936). Nine polymer types were detected, although most of fibers remained unidentified because of their small size, the presence of polymer additives, or closely adhered pollutants despite the oxidizing digestion carried out to eliminate organic matter. No significant correlation was found between main biological parameters and ingested microplastics, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene polypropylene (PEP), and polyvinyl (PV) were identified as the most abundant polymers. The average microplastic ingestion in this study area was higher than those reported in most studies within the Mediterranean Sea, and closely related to microplastic pollution in the surrounding area, although with a predominance of fiber form mainly due to fishery activities.
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Berry, Kathryn L. E., Hannah E. Epstein, Phoebe J. Lewis, Nora M. Hall, and Andrew P. Negri. "Microplastic Contamination Has Limited Effects on Coral Fertilisation and Larvae." Diversity 11, no. 12 (November 28, 2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11120228.
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Microplastics are ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans and contaminate coral reef ecosystems. There is evidence of microplastic ingestion by corals and passive contact with coral tissues, causing adverse health effects that include energy expenditure for particle removal from the tissue surface, as well as reduced growth, tissue bleaching, and necrosis. Here, it was examined whether microplastic contamination impairs the success of gamete fertilisation, embryo development and larval settlement of the reef-building coral Acropora tenuis. Coral gametes and larvae were exposed to fifteen microplastic treatments using two types of plastic: (1) weathered polypropylene particles and (2) spherical polyethylene microbeads. The treatments ranged from five to 50 polypropylene pieces L−1 and 25 to 200 microbeads L−1. Fertilisation was only negatively affected by the largest weathered microplastics (2 mm2), but the effects were not dose dependent. Embryo development and larval settlement were not significantly impacted by either microplastic type. The study shows that moderate–high levels of marine microplastic contamination, specifically particles <2 mm2, will not substantially interfere with the success of critical early life coral processes.
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Sarasita, Dara, Agung Yunanto, and Defri Yona. "Microplastics abundance in four different species of commercial fishes in Bali Strait." Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 20, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v20i1.508.
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Plastic wastes in marine environment will be degraded for long period of time to become microplastics. The small size of microplastics could be ingested by marine species which has lead to harmful impacts not only to the marine species but also to human. This research aimed to investigate microplastics ingestion in four commercial fishes in the Bali Strait, namely largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus), Indian scad (Decapterus ruselli), Bali sardinella (Sardinella lemuru), and Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta). Thirty fish samples from each species of fishes were obtained from the fishermen. Microplastics contents were identified visually using microscope from the gastrointestinal tracks of the fish and polymer of microplastics were identified using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) test. The results showed that three types of microplastics (fiber, film and fragment) were found in the four species of fishes with different total abundances. The highest abundance was found in Bali sardine (7.03±0.49 particle individual-1), followed by Indian mackerel (5.03±0.50 particle individual-1), Indian scad (4.23±0.38 particle individual-1) and largehead hairtail (3.83±0.50 particle individual-1). FTIR test showed that polymer types of microplastic found were polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), dan polyethylene (PE).
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Li, Yizheng, Guanglong Chen, Kaihang Xu, Kai Huang, and Jun Wang. "Microplastics Environmental Effect and Risk Assessment on the Aquaculture Systems from South China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041869.
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The small size of microplastics and their wide distribution in water environments have attracted worldwide attention and heated discussion, because of their ingestion by aquatic organisms. At present, there are few studies on microplastics pollution in freshwater aquaculture ponds, especially shrimp ponds. In this study, the aquaculture ponds in the Pearl River Estuary were investigated. The abundance and composition of microplastics in different environmental media were studied to explore the potential sources and risk levels of microplastics, so as to provide basic data for the study of microplastics pollution in aquaculture ponds. Microplastics were observed in water and sediment samples at all sampling sites, with the abundance of 6.6 × 103–263.6 × 103 items/m3 (surface water) and 566.67–2500 items/kg (sediment), respectively. Thirty-seven individuals collected in six ponds belong to four species. Microplastics were observed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of all fishes and shrimps, with the abundance ranging from 3–92 items/individual (fish) and 4–21 items/individual (shrimp). Among all samples, microplastics with the size range of <1 mm and fiber shape were the most common. The main microplastic components were cellulose, polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE). The results of potential risk assessment showed that the pollution investigation of microplastics should not only consider the abundance. Low abundance does not mean low risk. Taking the toxicity score and abundance of microplastics as evaluation indexes to reflect the pollution status of microplastics may make the results more reliable.
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Rodrigues Nobre, Caio, Beatriz Barbosa Moreno, Aline Vechio Alves, Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa, Augusto Cesar, Rodrigo Brasil Choueri, Paloma Kachel Gusso Choueri, and Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira. "Can leachates of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics in marine sediments affect the reproduction of an epibenthic copepod?" ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION 17, no. 1 (August 12, 2022): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5132/eec.2022.01.10.
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Most studies on the effects of microplastics on marine biota are carried out using unrealistically high concentrations. Moreover, although microplastics are capable of carrying toxic substances and thus can cause adverse effects even without coming into direct contact with organisms, little is known about the effects of not accessible for ingestion microplastics on benthic biota. Considering that the presence of microplastic particles can itself cause effects to the biota due to toxic substances leached, the present study evaluated the ecotoxicological effects of microplastic leachates of virgin and beach stranded in marine sediments (whole sediments and elutriates) on the epibenthic copepod Nitokra sp. (size 3 ± 1 mm). Effects on reproduction were evaluated using clean sediment enriched with environmentally relevant concentrations [1 pellet: 46.67g sediment (Low) and 1 pellet: 1.67g sediment (High)] of two types of plastic pellets (size 4 ± 1 mm) (i) virgin (obtained from the manufacturer) or (ii) stranded (collected from Santos beach, São Paulo, Brazil, a highly urbanized beach). The results of the present study showed that microplastics leachate (virgin or from the environment) did not cause an inhibiting effect on reproduction in Nitokra sp. in any of the scenarios tested. These results contribute to further risk assessments of plastic particles for marine biota.
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Connors, Elizabeth J. "Distribution and biological implications of plastic pollution on the fringing reef of Mo’orea, French Polynesia." PeerJ 5 (August 29, 2017): e3733. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3733.
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Coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific are extremely vulnerable to plastic pollution from oceanic gyres and land-based sources. To describe the extent and impact of plastic pollution, the distribution of both macro- (>5 mm) and microplastic (plastic < 5 mm) of the fringing reef of an isolated South Pacific island, Mo’orea, French Polynesia was quantified. Macroplastic was found on every beach on the island that was surveyed. The distribution of this plastic was categorized by site type and by the presence of Turbinaria ornata, a common macroalgae on Mo’orea. Microplastics were discovered in the water column of the fringing reef of the island, at a concentration of 0.74 pieces m−2. Additionally, this study reports for the first time the ingestion of microplastic by the corallimorpha Discosoma nummiforme. Microplastics were made available to corallimorph polyps in a laboratory setting over the course of 108 h. Positively and negatively buoyant microplastics were ingested, and a microplastic particle that was not experimentally introduced was also discovered in the stomach cavity of one organism. This study indicates that plastic pollution has the potential to negatively impact coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific, and warrants further study to explore the broader potential impacts of plastic pollution on coral reef ecosystems.
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Ho, Yuen-Wa, Jin Yan Lim, Yun Kit Yeoh, Jia-Chi Chiou, Yuyan Zhu, Keng Po Lai, Lei Li, Paul Kay Sheung Chan, and James Kar-Hei Fang. "Preliminary Findings of the High Quantity of Microplastics in Faeces of Hong Kong Residents." Toxics 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2022): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080414.
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Microplastics are recognised as a ubiquitous and hazardous pollutant worldwide. These small-sized particles have been detected in human faeces collected from a number of cities, providing evidence of human ingestion of microplastics and their presence in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, using Raman spectroscopy, we identified an average of 50 particles g−1 (20.4–138.9 particles g−1 wet weight) in faeces collected from a healthy cohort in Hong Kong. This quantity was about five times higher than the values reported in other places in Asia and Europe. Polystyrene was the most abundant polymer type found in the faeces, followed by polypropylene and polyethylene. These particles were primarily fragments, but about two-thirds of the detected polyethylene terephthalate were fibres. More than 88% of the microplastics were smaller than 300 µm in size. Our study provides the first data on the faecal level, and thus the extent of ingestion, of microplastics in Hong Kong’s population. This timely assessment is crucial and supports the recently estimated ingestion rate of microplastics by Hong Kong residents through seafood consumption, which is one of the highest worldwide. These findings may be applicable to other coastal populations in South China with similar eating habits.
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Castillo, Eliseo F. "Ingested microplastics pose a potentially serious risk to the gastrointestinal microenvironment." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 83.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.83.21.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Plastic pollution has increased exponentially over the past 70 years. Slow breakdown of plastic materials primarily leads to smaller and smaller microplastic particles (MP), but not actual degradation of the material. We now face extensive MP contamination of our food and water sources, raising ecological and public health concerns. MP ingestion by humans is now an inevitable consequence of global plastic pollution, and we are only now becoming aware of this burgeoning crisis. Given this crisis, there is also an important gap in knowledge regarding how MP affect the major direct organ of contact, the gastrointestinal tract. We provide compelling evidence that MP affect both intestinal epithelium and macrophages. DESIGN We utilized human colonic organoids and colonic cell lines to examine the effects of MP on intestinal permeability and wound healing. Additionally, we examined the effects of microplastics on macrophage function and metabolism. Lastly, we examined the in vivo response to microplastics in animal models. RESULTS Regarding the intestinal barrier, we show MP impede wound healing and affects intestinal permeability. In macrophages, phagocytosis of MP leads to the upregulation of costimulatory molecules and induces metabolic shift towards glycolysis. In vivo MP ingestion affects the weight and microbiota composition of mice. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings indicate MP ingestion may pose a serious human health hazard by disrupting both intestinal epithelial barrier and macrophage function subsequently causing intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, and an inflammatory state that could lead to intestinal and systemic inflammation.
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Li, Qingjie, and Xiaoxia Sun. "Progress on microplastics research in the Yellow Sea, China." Anthropocene Coasts 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/anc-2018-0033.
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Marine microplastics are a global problem and are causing considerable concern. As the largest marginal sea of the Western Pacific, the Yellow Sea is surrounded by China and the Korean Peninsula, and its coastal ecosystem is greatly affected by human activities. This article reviews the progress of microplastics research in the Yellow Sea in China, including studies on surface water, the seawater column, sediments, and marine organisms. The results indicate that plastic debris exists throughout the west Yellow Sea, with higher abundance of microplastics in water columns and sediments in the north part than those in the south part. Fibers <1 mm and transparent-colored particles dominated the samples collected. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and cellophane (CP) were the dominant debris types. The wide distribution of microplastics in the environment also results in animal ingestion. Sea cucumbers, accordingly, ingest more microplastic debris than other biologic taxa (zooplankton, shellfish, and fish) that have a bearing on their surrounding environment. By providing basic environmental assessment data regarding the Yellow Sea, this paper demonstrates that actions should be taken to reduce the consumption and emission of plastics into the environment.
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Faure, Florian, Colin Demars, Olivier Wieser, Manuel Kunz, and Luiz Felippe de Alencastro. "Plastic pollution in Swiss surface waters: nature and concentrations, interaction with pollutants." Environmental Chemistry 12, no. 5 (2015): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14218.
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Environmental contextPlastic, and particularly microplastic, pollution is a growing environmental concern worldwide. Research regarding marine environments has led to a substantial increase in knowledge, yet little is known as regards the situation in freshwater environments. Although the occurrence of microplastics was demonstrated in Lake Geneva in 2012, the present research aims at confirming this pollution and expanding the data set for other lakes and environments of Switzerland. AbstractMarine microplastic (<5mm) water pollution has met growing public and scientific interest in the last few years. The situation in freshwater environments remains largely unknown, although it appears that they play an important role as part of the origin of marine pollution. Apart from the physical impacts on biota, chemical effects are to be expected as well, especially with smaller particles. This study aims at assessing plastic abundance in Lakes Geneva, Constance, Neuchâtel, Maggiore, Zurich and Brienz, and identifying the nature of the particles, potential ingestion by birds and fishes, and the associated pollutants. Lake surface transects and a few rivers were sampled using a floating manta net, and beach sediments were analysed. Plastics were sorted by type (fragments, pellets, cosmetic beads, lines, fibres, films, foams) and composition (polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc.); fish and water birds were dissected to assess their potential exposure, and analyses were conducted on the hydrophobic micropollutants adsorbed to the microplastics as well as some potentially toxic additives they contained. Evidence of this pollution is shown for all lakes, microplastics of all types and diverse composition having been found in all samples. Birds and fish are prone to microplastic ingestion, and all the tested chemicals (both adsorbed micropollutants and contained additives) were found above the detection limit, and often the quantification limit. The sources and their respective contribution need to be confirmed and quantified, and the ecotoxicological effects need further investigation. Other questions remain open, including the transport and fate of plastic particles in the environment.
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Campbell, Samantha H., Patrick R. Williamson, and Britt D. Hall. "Microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of fish and the water from an urban prairie creek." FACETS 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0008.
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Microplastics are defined as any plastic with a diameter ≤5 mm. Problems associated with these plastics such as contamination of both marine and freshwater environments and ingestion by aquatic organisms are of increasing concern. Our study quantifies the number of microplastics in a prairie creek immediately downstream of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Water samples and five species of fish were collected from sample sites upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the summers of 2015 and 2016. Samples were digested in either a Fe(II)/H2O2 or NaClO solution and observed under a microscope where plastics present were enumerated by colour and type. At least one microplastic was detected in 73.5% of fish and 95.6% of water samples, showing that the creek does, in fact, contain microplastics. Concentrations were higher in water from upstream sites, likely due to dilution of creek water by the release of treated effluent. The results of this study provide baseline conditions for the presence of plastics in the creek prior to a major upgrade of the WWTP scheduled for completion in 2016.
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Vencato, S., V. Isa, D. Seveso, F. Saliu, P. Galli, S. Lavorano, and S. Montano. "Soft corals and microplastics interaction: first evidence in the alcyonacean species Coelogorgia palmosa." Aquatic Biology 30 (December 16, 2021): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00747.
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Microplastics pollution differentially impacts coral reef systems, by threatening corals physically, through physiological distress and by increasing diseases. However, most of the studies to date have focused on scleractinian corals. The present work reports for the first time the patterns of microplastic ingestion and adhesion by the alcyonacean Coelogorgia palmosa. Feeding and adhesion tests were carried out with various concentrations of polyethylene microbeads. Results showed a wide range of surface adhesion, ranging from 3 to 1573 microbeads per coral fragment, suggesting that adhesion driven by mucus is the main mechanism of microplastic trapping. Polyethylene was ingested by 60% of coral fragments, and the average number of ingested microbeads was much lower compared to scleractinian corals. Considering the ecological importance of soft corals in coral reef ecosystems, specific attention regarding microplastic pollution effects on this taxon is recommended.
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Suwaki, Caroline H., Leandro T. De-La-Cruz, and Rubens M. Lopes. "Impacts of Microplastics on the Swimming Behavior of the Copepod Temora turbinata (Dana, 1849)." Fluids 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5030103.
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Zooplankton are prone to the ingestion of microplastics by mistaking them for prey. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the impacts of microplastic availability on zooplankton behavior. In this study, we investigated the effects of polystyrene microbeads on swimming patterns of the calanoid copepod Temora turbinata under laboratory conditions. We acquired high-resolution video sequences using an optical system containing a telecentric lens and a digital camera with an acquisition rate of 20 frames per second. We estimated the mean speed, NGDR (Net-to-Gross Displacement Ratio, a dimensionless single-valued measure of straightness) and turning angle to describe the swimming behavior in three different treatments (control, low and high concentration of microplastics). Our results revealed that swimming speeds decreased up to 40% (instantaneous speed) compared to controls. The NGDR and turning angle distribution of the organisms also changed in the presence of polystyrene microbeads, both at low (100 beads mL−1) and high microplastic concentration (1000 beads mL−1). These results suggest that the swimming behavior of Temora turbinata is affected by microbeads.
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Tang, Shuyuan, Ling Gao, Hongze Gao, Zongshi Chen, and Donglei Zou. "Microplastics pollution in China water ecosystems: a review of the abundance, characteristics, fate, risk and removal." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 8 (September 7, 2020): 1495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.424.
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Abstract Microplastics pollution has been a focus for researchers in recent years worldwide, for the large quantities of plastics in production and the resistance to degradation. China's microplastics pollution attracts much attention because of its long coastline, large population and rapid economic development. This review addresses the widespread microplastics pollution in China's water ecosystems through available research results from recent years and analyses the abundance, characteristics, fate and risk of microplastics. This paper also discusses the current treatment technology of microplastics. The conclusions show that estuaries are severely affected by microplastics pollution; the accumulation of microplastics and adsorption of contaminants by microplastics could also lead to serious risks besides ingestion; there are few technologies that can efficiently remove microplastics pollution in sewage treatment plants. Finally, this review suggests directions for future research trends.
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Hurley, Rachel R., Jamie C. Woodward, and James J. Rothwell. "Ingestion of Microplastics by Freshwater Tubifex Worms." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 21 (October 25, 2017): 12844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03567.
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Castañeda, Rowshyra A., Suncica Avlijas, M. Anouk Simard, and Anthony Ricciardi. "Microplastic pollution in St. Lawrence River sediments." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 12 (December 2014): 1767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0281.
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Although widely detected in marine ecosystems, microplastic pollution has only recently been documented in freshwater environments, almost exclusively in surface waters. Here, we report microplastics (polyethylene microbeads, 0.40–2.16 mm diameter) in the sediments of the St. Lawrence River. We sampled 10 freshwater sites along a 320 km section from Lake St. Francis to Québec City by passing sediment collected from a benthic grab through a 500 μm sieve. Microbeads were discovered throughout this section, and their abundances varied by four orders of magnitude across sites. Median and mean (±1 SE) densities across sites were 52 microbeads·m−2 and 13 832 (±13 677) microbeads·m−2, respectively. The highest site density was 1.4 × 105 microbeads·m−2 (or 103 microbeads·L−1), which is similar in magnitude to microplastic concentrations found in the world’s most contaminated marine sediments. Mean diameter of microbeads was smaller at sites receiving municipal or industrial effluent (0.70 ± 0.01 mm) than at non-effluent sites (0.98 ± 0.01 mm), perhaps suggesting differential origins. Given the prevalence and locally high densities of microplastics in St. Lawrence River sediments, their ingestion by benthivorous fishes and macroinvertebrates warrants investigation.
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Galafassi, Silvia, Claudia Campanale, Carmine Massarelli, Vito Felice Uricchio, and Pietro Volta. "Do Freshwater Fish Eat Microplastics? A Review with A Focus on Effects on Fish Health and Predictive Traits of MPs Ingestion." Water 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162214.
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Microplastics (MPs) have received increasing attention in the last decade and are now considered among the most concerning emerging pollutants in natural environments. Here, the current knowledge on microplastic ingestion by wild freshwater fish is reviewed with a focus on the identification of possible factors leading to the ingestion of MPs and the consequences on fish health. Within the literature, 257 species of freshwater fishes from 32 countries have been documented to ingest MPs. MPs ingestion was found to increase with rising level of urbanization, although a direct correlation with MPs concentration in the surrounding water has not been identified. MPs ingestion was detected in all the published articles, with MPs presence in more than 50% of the specimens analyzed in one study out of two. Together with the digestive tract, MPs were also found in the gills, and there is evidence that MPs can translocate to different tissues of the organism. Strong evidence, therefore, exists that MPs may represent a serious risk for ecosystems, and are a direct danger for human health. Moreover, toxicological effects have also been highlighted in wild catches, demonstrating the importance of this problem and suggesting the need for laboratory experiments more representative of the environmental situation.
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Ozturk, Rafet Cagri, and Ilhan Altinok. "Interaction of Plastics with Marine Species." Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 20, no. 8 (2020): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v20_8_07.
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The plastic litter in the seas and oceans has become one of the major threats for environment and a wide range of marine species worldwide. Microplastics are the most common litters in the marine environment corresponding to 60-80% of the total litter in the world’s seas. The risk factor of plastics is inversely associated with the size of the plastic. In the present study, we reviewed the state of knowledge regarding the impact of plastic pollution on marine environment and marine species, assessing the ingestion incidences, elimination of plastics, interactions of plastics with other pollutants, and effects on photosynthesis. Records of marine species ingesting plastic have increased and begin to attract considerable attention. Metadata generated from the review of related papers in the present study was used to evaluate the current knowledge on the plastic ingestion by different marine species. The retrieved data from reviewed articles revealed that the ingestion of plastic by marine animals have been documented in more than 560 species including fish, crustaceans, mammals, sea turtles, bivalves, gastropods even in sea stars and limpets. The size of ingested plastics varied from species to species generally depending on the feeding behavior. Microplastics showed the highest number of bibliographic citations in the plastic ingestion studies. They are mostly ingested by planktivorous and filter feeder species. Meso, macro, and occasionally megaplastics are reported in marine mammals and sea turtles since they often confuse plastic for their prey. The sensitivity and size of the detected plastics may vary based on the analytical plastic detection methods.
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De-la-Torre, Gabriel Enrique, Diana Carolina Dioses-Salinas, Barnaby Licinio Pérez-Baca, and Luis Santillán. "Microplastic abundance in three commercial fish from the coast of Lima, Peru." Brazilian Journal of Natural Sciences 2, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.31415/bjns.v2i3.67.
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Microplastics (< 5 mm) are widespread within the marine environment, posing a major threat to marine biota. The aim of the present study was to investigate microplastic contamination in three widespread and highly commercial fish from the coast of Lima, Peru. Peruvian silverside (Odontesthes regia), Peruvian morwong (Cheilodactylus variegatus), and Peruvian grunt (Anisotremus scapularis) specimens were caught off the coast of Lima. Fish stomach and intestines were extracted and submerged in 10% (w/v) KOH, followed by 24 h incubation at 60 °C. The resulting supernatant solution was vacuum filtrated and filters were then observed under an optical microscope and stereomicroscope. Strict quality control and external contamination prevention measures were taken. Microplastic abundance, type and color were recorded. Quality control measures resulted in reduced external contamination. C. variegatus was the most contaminated fish (5.13 ± 0.81 MP/individual), similar to A. scapularis (5.00 ± 0.46 MP/individual), but significantly different to O. regia (0.43 ± 0.11 MP/individual). Fibers were the overall most abundant microplastic type, while blue the dominant color. Results indicated highly contaminated fish, compared to those from other parts of the SE Pacific. Microplastic ingestion by C. variegatus and A. scapularis may be subject to trophic transfer from their natural prey. Highly populated cities and poor solid waste management may contribute to worsen microplastic ingestion by native marine species. The need for further research and a marine microplastic monitoring program was discussed.
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Reed, Madison R., and Wan-Ting Chen. "Plastics Crash Course: A Website for Teaching Plastics Recycling and Microplastics Prevention through Infographics." Recycling 7, no. 5 (September 7, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling7050065.
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Microplastic particles have been found virtually everywhere, including within our food and drinking water. While the implications of microplastics on human health are not fully known, early effects have been seen on marine life and the environment. Studies have shown that microplastics can cause changes in the reproductive habits of marine life by blocking digestive tracts, causing abrasions to the mouth and esophagi of small animals upon ingestion, and altering feeding behavior. While much of the blame for our plastics pollution problem should be shifted to irresponsible manufacturing, we as consumers must make choices to benefit the environment by reducing our use and learning how to effectively recycle plastic waste. The Plastics Crash Course combines visual learning with plastics recycling knowledge to educate the public about why we need plastics and why we should recycle them. Microplastics formation and general guides for plastic recycling were also included in the Plastics Crash Course. Out of 120 participants, 95% responded that they had learned new information. From the pre-survey, participants responded, saying they thought all plastic was the same and that it just varied in density to provide different properties, so they would recycle everything. After reading the infographics on the Plastics Crash Course website, most participants said they learned what plastics can be recycled and what their resin identifying codes mean, how microplastics form, and that there is more than one type of plastic.
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Zhu, Jingmin, Xueying Yu, Qiang Zhang, Yanping Li, Shudan Tan, Ding Li, Zongyao Yang, and Jingzhen Wang. "Cetaceans and microplastics: First report of microplastic ingestion by a coastal delphinid, Sousa chinensis." Science of The Total Environment 659 (April 2019): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.389.
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Ilechukwu, I., G. I. Ndukwe, B. E. Ehigiator, C. S. Ezeh, and S. L. Asogwa. "Microplastics in silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from new Calabar River in Niger Delta, Nigeria." Ghana Journal of Science 62, no. 2 (January 1, 2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjs.v62i2.2.
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This study investigated the ingestion of microplastics by silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from New Calabar River in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Microplastics from the guts of 45 fish were examined with microscope after dissolution with potassium hydroxide. Microplastics, mostly fragments were found in about 56% of the samples at an average of 3.87±5.97 particles per fish. This study highlights the consequences of plastic pollution in freshwater environment and the potential risk to aquatic and human life. This also shows a potential threat to public health and therefore needs attention from health and environmental policy makers.
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Felline, Serena, Manuela Piccardo, Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto, Cosimino Malitesta, and Antonio Terlizzi. "Microplastics’ Occurrence in Edible Fish Species (Mullus barbatus and M. surmuletus) from an Italian Marine Protected Area." Microplastics 1, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1020021.
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This study reports on the presence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts and livers of demersal fish (the mullet, Mullus spp.) from a Marine Protected Area (Porto Cesareo) along the Ionian Sea coast (Apulia, Southern Italy). The results showed microplastic ingestion in more than 60% of specimens analyzed with an average of three items per fish and average levels in red mullets being almost twice as high as the average in the congeneric striped red mullets. The dominant polymers identified by Attenuated Total ReflectanceFourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Prolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GCMS) analysis were polyethylene and polystyrene. Results can be used to set baseline levels for the assessment of microplastic pollution useful for the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) descriptor 10 in the Italian coast of Ionian Sea.
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Magalhães, Carolina Duque, Santos Alves Vicentini Neto, Cristiane Barata-Silva, Juliana Machado Dos Santos, Mayssa de Andrade Fonseca, Braulio Soares Arcanjo, Lísia Maria Gobbo Dos Santos, and Silvana do Couto Jacob. "Evaluation of salt intended for human consumption for the presence of physical contaminants: microplastics an emerging contaminant in the food area." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 6, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 1137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n1-088.
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Introduction: The presence of physical contaminants in food goes against the guarantee of the supply of safe products for consumption. Currently, there is an environmental concern with this type of contamination, especially with a class of plastic particles less than 5 mm, called microplastics. The impacts on human organisms are still under discussion, but there is already a relationship between the ingestion and inhalation of these particles and a possible health risk, since, in addition to being derived from macroplatic degradation processes with varied chemical compositions, they can still carry other contaminants. Objective: To value the presence of physical contaminants, such as microplastics in salt intended for human consumption. Method: A quantity of 8 salt samples was acquired in supermarkets in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 2019 and analyzed after dilution in water, according to the coefficient of salt dilution (36g/100mL), heated in plate at 100°C and filtered in filter 0.22μm. Detection was performed with the aid of stereoscope microscope and confirmation was performed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results and Discussion: In 5 samples, the presence of physical contaminants was observed, which due to visual characteristics suggest to be microplastics. The possible presence of microplastics in salt samples is related to contamination of the oceans by microplastics. With this, it is observed the importance of monitoring the quality of human consumption, since it is a by-product of the oceans. Conclusion: Studies in Brazil regarding microplastic contamination is very focused on marine matrices, but it is necessary to think about the study and development of analytical methodologies for detection and identification of these contaminants in food, especially in products of marine origin.
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Da Silva, Paulo Cezar Azevedo, Rayane Sorrentino, Brenda Dos Santos Ramos, André Rezende de Senna, and Luis Felipe Skinner. "INGESTION OF MICROPLASTICS BY BENTHIC MARINE ORGANISMS IN THE ILHA GRANDE BAY HERITAGE SITE ON SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL." Journal of Human and Environment of Tropical Bays, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/jheotb.2021.60332.
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Inappropriate disposal, management, treatment of litter are the main sources of plastic accumulation. People, animals, wind, storms, and currents spread continuously the plastic in different sites in the world. Diverse animal groups have been ingesting small particles of plastic, the microplastics (MPs), resulting in negative effects in behaviour, consumption, and nutritional rates. Here, we reported the ingestion of MP by two benthic groups, Ascidiacea and Amphipoda from sites around llha Grande Bay, a Natural Heritage of Humanity site in the Southwest of Brazil.
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Crosta, Arianna, Marco Parolini, and Beatrice De Felice. "Microplastics Contamination in Nonalcoholic Beverages from the Italian Market." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 4122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054122.
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A growing number of studies have confirmed that microplastics (MPs) contamination represents a worrisome issue of global concern. MPs have been detected in the atmosphere, in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as in the biota. Moreover, MPs have been recently detected in some food products and in drinking water. However, only limited information is currently available for beverages, although they are largely consumed by humans and might contribute to the ingestion of MPs. Thus, estimating the contamination in beverages represents a crucial step in assessing human MP ingestion. The aim of the present study was to explore the presence of MPs in nonalcoholic beverages, namely soft drinks and cold tea, of different brands purchased in supermarkets and to estimate the contribution of beverage consumption to MP ingestion by humans. The results of the present study confirmed the presence of MPs, mainly fibers, in most of the analyzed beverages, with a mean (± SEM) number of 9.19 ± 1.84 MPs/L. In detail, the number of MPs detected in soft drinks and cold tea was 9.94 ± 0.33 MPs/L and 7.11 ± 2.62 MPs/L, respectively. Our findings confirmed that beverage consumption can be considered one of the main pathways for MP ingestion by humans.
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Alberghini, Leonardo, Alessandro Truant, Serena Santonicola, Giampaolo Colavita, and Valerio Giaccone. "Microplastics in Fish and Fishery Products and Risks for Human Health: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010789.
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In recent years, plastic waste has become a universally significant environmental problem. Ingestion of food and water contaminated with microplastics is the main route of human exposure. Fishery products are an important source of microplastics in the human diet. Once ingested, microplastics reach the gastrointestinal tract and can be absorbed causing oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and translocation to other tissues. Furthermore, microplastics can release chemical substances (organic and inorganic) present in their matrix or previously absorbed from the environment and act as carriers of microorganisms. Additives present in microplastics such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and potentially toxic elements can be harmful for humans. However, to date, the data we have are not sufficient to perform a reliable assessment of the risks to human health. Further studies on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of microplastics in humans are needed.
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Saavedra, Casilda, and Khrista Baran. "Microplastic ingestion: Are seabirds more affected than other marine species?" Revista de Iniciación Científica 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33412/rev-ric.v4.2.2158.
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In recent times, plastic production has increased due to the convenience and multipurpose use. As plastic may make lifeeasier on humans, the amount of plastic debris has increased as well as the effect on marine life. Since it is a relatively new topic,the effects on marine species are trying to be modeled in laboratories and observed in the field. The effects of plastic marine debrisinclude but are not limited to entanglement, ingestion, possible bioaccumulation, chemical exposures, and even death. Larger plasticscan become smaller particles, microplastics, which are difficult to study the effects on marine life due to the small size. Microplasticsare a global issue that effect species. Some of the factors that are considered of why different organisms ingest plastics include:method of feeding, color, age, and accidental/secondary ingestion. The focus of this research article is the ingestion of averagepercentage of microplastics of seabird species compared to other marine species throughout the world.
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Frank, Yulia, Danil Vorobiev, Abhishek Mandal, Yana Lemeshko, Svetlana Rakhmatullina, and Gopala Krishna Darbha. "Freshwater Fish Siberian Dace Ingest Microplastics in the Remote Yenisei Tributary." Toxics 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010038.
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This study analyzed microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of Siberian dace (Leuciscus leuciscus subsp. baicalensis (Dybowski, 1874)) in the remote Yenisei tributary of the Nizhnyaya (Lower) Tunguska River (Siberia, Russia). µRaman analysis showed that 60% of the fish from two different sites had ingested plastic microparticles (on average, 1.55 ± 1.95 items per individual). The most common type of microplastic were fibers, and the most abundant size category was 300 to 1000 µm. In the studied population, no significant differences in the MP content between the two sites or between males and females were found (p > 0.05). The tendency for higher MP ingestion by Siberian dace at earlier ages (2+ and 3+) compared to later (4+ and 5+) was observed, which may be connected to the features of the fish biology and ecology.
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Sharma, Renuka, and Himanshi Kaushik. "Micro-plastics: An invisible danger to human health." CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research 3, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46860/cgcijctr.2021.06.31.182.
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Microplastics are small plastic pieces ranging between the size of 1-5 micrometre (µm). Because of their small size and their continuity, it has the potential to spread throughout all parts of our environment. These are ubiquitous environmental contaminants leading to inevitable human exposure. It can enter our bodies through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. It has already been found in various human foods, beers, drinking water, honey, seafood, sugar, table salt etc. It is demonstrated that marine organisms including zooplanktons, bivalves, crustaceans, worms, fish, reptiles etc. ingest microplastic. Around 2% to 40% of fishes were found to be contaminated with microplastic. It can reach our stomach and due to its size , these are either excreted, get entrapped in intestinal lining and stomach or move freely in body fluids like blood, thereby reaching various organs and tissues of body. To tackle this serious issue of microplastic pollution in environment and in human health, various effective policies must take under consideration all stages of lifecycle of plastic connecting producers to users and ultimately to waste managers. Thus, we have to seem for potential effects of microplastics in living beings, which specializes in the pathways of toxicity and exposure, way to reduce microplastic pollution, sources of invisible plastics. Present work was conducted to explore the possible threats of micro as well as nanoplastic particles to humanity as well as to our ecosystem. Under this study we summarized various aspects of this critical issue, which provide better scientific knowledge for future research.