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1
Henny, C., D. Rohaningsih, T. Suryono, A. B. Santoso, and A. Waluyo. "Microplastic pollution in the surface water of Lake Singkarak, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1118, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012050.
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Abstract Microplastic pollution is already at an “alarming” level in Indonesia’s marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has reported the microplastic occurrence in the lake ecosystem in Indonesia. Lake Singkarak, a big tectonic lake, has been considered one of the priority lakes to be restored. The lake receives a high influx of plastic waste from rivers and catchment runoff. Controlling the outflow through the hydropower dam and the sluice in the main lake outlet may prevent the microplastic’s outflux. The study’s objective was to determine the microplastic first occurrence and abundance in the lake’s surface water. Water samples were collected from three sites in the lake inlet area, one in the intake area of the hydropower dam and one in the outlet area, by performing four parallel trawls in each site using a modified plankton net. The most abundant microplastics in the lake’s surface water were 9 particles/m3 in the lake inlet area, which received a high plastic waste input from the river. The lowest abundance was 2 particles/m3 in the main lake outlet area. Foams and fragments, white and clear in color, size of 300 μm, were the dominant types of microplastics observed. Our preliminary study suggests that the lake could act as a sink of microplastics. Therefore, ceasing the input sources of plastic waste from the river should be prioritized to prevent further microplastic pollution of Lake Singkarak.
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Siahaan, Christina Putri, and Mufti Petala Patria. "Microplastic Abundance in Telebralia at Mangrove Forest Pulau Panjang, Serang-Banten." E3S Web of Conferences 324 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132401003.
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This research investigated the abundance and the type of microplastic pollution in Telebralia collected at mangrove forest in Pulau Panjang. In total of 60 Telebralia consist of 30 Telebralia palustris and 30 Telebralia sulcata were collected. The soft tissue was extracted with HNO3 65% for 24 hour and mixed with NaCl solution. Samples were observed under binocular microscope and further microplastic analysis was done. Microplastic pollutions were detected in all of 60 species of Telebralia. Most of the microplastic pollutions were fiber. Overall, the average of microplastic abundance in Telebralia at mangrove forest Pulau Panjang was 2117 particles/individual. The number of suspected microplastics found in Terebralia ranged from 1240 to 3420 particles/individual. Telebralia palustris has more microplastic abundance than Telebralia sulcata. This research confirms that microplastic pollutions have infiltrated the marine ecosystem especially mangrove forest. Thus, microplastic pollutions and its effect needs further research.
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Chen, Hanwen, Yinghuan Qin, Hao Huang, and Weiyi Xu. "A Regional Difference Analysis of Microplastic Pollution in Global Freshwater Bodies Based on a Regression Model." Water 12, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071889.
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Based on statistical data of the average abundance of microplastics from 37 global freshwater locations up to November 2019, we classified the freshwater bodies according to developments in their local countries and geographic positions. We highlighted the differences and causes of microplastic pollution in the waters of both developed and developing countries and urban and rural areas. The results showed that microplastic pollution was highest in Asia. The pollution in developed countries was significantly lower than in developing countries. The differences in freshwater pollution between urban and rural areas mainly depended on the extent of human activity. The present study found the following phenomena by comprehensively using simple and multiple regression models and a Pearson correlation analysis to solve the impacts of the features, natural factors, and social and economic factors on the distribution of microplastic pollution. The density of microplastics was higher, which promoted the aggregation of microplastics in sediments. Pursuant to that, microplastic pollution was also influenced by the space-time pollution of movable surface sources, such as the soil and air. A population increase and the average gross domestic product (GDP) could also worsen microplastic pollution.
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Ramadan, Attar Hikmahtiar, and Emenda Sembiring. "Occurrence of Microplastic in surface water of Jatiluhur Reservoir." E3S Web of Conferences 148 (2020): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014807004.
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Microplastic is generally defined as synthetic polymers which size less than 5 mm. Based on the latest research, microplastics pollutions have many impacts on the environment and human. Jatiluhur, as one of the biggest freshwater reservoir in Indonesia, has potential to be polluted by microplastics because the water source of this reservoir streamed from Citarum watershed. Citarum River is one of the most polluted river in Indonesia. To find the occurrence of microplastics and to facilitate future policies in order to overcome microplastic pollution which occurs in Jatiluhur Reservoir, a study of microplastic abundance is conducted. Primary data is obtained by using the volume reduced sampling method. Manta trawl is pulled beside a boat for 5 -15 minutes for each sample and flow meter installed onto the mouth of manta trawl to determine the towing distance in surface water. Microplastic abundance in surface water presented in the form of microplastics amounts per unit surface area. Furthermore, microplastic characteristics analyzed with visual analysis, particle density analysis, and polymer analysis using FTIR. Based on seven sampling locations, microplastics have found in Jatiluhur Reservoir ranging from 0.71×104 – 4.59×105 particles/km2. The most type of microplastic found is fragmented polyethylene.
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Teddiman, Rebecca. "Snapshot picture of microplastic pollution in Halifax Regional Municipality." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 51, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v51i1.10740.
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Microplastic pollution is a pervasive problem. Many species have been found to ingest microplastics and this poses a risk to biodiversity (Fauna and Flora International, 2013). In Nova Scotia, there are few quantitative data on microplastic pollution. As quantifying microplastic pollution has only recently attained attention in Nova Scotia, no standardized methods for collection and analysis have been established. This project, although limited in scope, identified and quantified microplastic pollution on McNabs Island and Lake Banook beaches using established sampling and processing methods. The samples were evaluated using a combination of density separation, microscopic identification and RamanTM spectroscopy. This provided information to compare with other research. Keywords: Biodiversity, Microplastic Filtration SystemTM, Microplastic pollution, Nova Scotia
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Jeong, Wuseong, JungJin Kim, and Hanseok Jeong. "Information Extraction from Unstructured Data on Microplastics through Text Mining." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 45, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.1.34.
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Objectives:In this study, we seek to provide a thorough insight into how people perceive microplastics and uncover issues and hidden trends about the significant microplastic pollution problems by analyzing unstructured data on microplastics.Methods:Environmental news articles related to microplastics were collected. Text mining techniques including data pre-processing, word cloud, TF-IDF weight-based trend analysis, and LDA topic modeling were used to analyze the amount of textual data.Results and Discussion:The public's interest in microplastics is consistently growing, according to an analysis of all environmental news and the keyword ‘microplastic’ from 2014 to 2021 conducted via BIGKinds. The keyword 'trash' was the overwhelmingly enormous weight among words. The top 5 keywords connected to microplastics did not fade away and continued appearing even though the socially noticeable keywords during the study period varied yearly. This indicates that the primary issue with microplastics related to keywords has not yet been solved. Our study has a limitation of subject diversity because we only focused on microplastic news. The results, however, presented all processes from plastic pollution emergence to treatment, such as microplastic pollution sources, microplastic detection, and prevention methods against microplastics.Conclusion:Text mining analysis was performed on microplastics in environmental news and provided issues and trends on microplastic pollution. This study presents a new methodology for environmental and social problem analysis, suggesting that it could enable a multidimensional understanding of environmental problems and help establish environmental policies.
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Kasamesiri, Pattira, Ruamruedee Panchan, and Wipavee Thaimuangphol. "Spatial–Temporal Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Microplastic Pollution of Inland Fishing Ground in the Ubolratana Reservoir, Thailand." Water 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020330.
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Microplastic pollution has been identified as a potential threat to the aquatic environment and humans globally, with widespread occurrence in ecosystems, including reservoirs that constitute a key role in ecosystem services for humans. However, the evaluation of microplastic pollution in reservoirs is limited, especially in inland fishing ground reservoirs. The spatial and temporal distributions of microplastics in surface water and sediment at 13 stations of the Ubolratana Reservoir, Thailand, were assessed during the wet and dry seasons. The abundance and morphological characteristics of the microplastics were identified and classified by color, shape, size and polymer type. Microplastic abundance in surface water and sediment ranged between 25 and 3363 particles/m3 and 6 and 81 particles/kg, respectively. Seasonal variations impacted microplastic abundance in surface water, while tourism activity in the reservoir also influenced the abundance and morphological characteristics of microplastics. A microplastic risk assessment showed that the pollution load index reached extremely high levels in surface water during the dry season in tourist areas. The results provide a database to assess the risk of microplastic contamination and to monitor plastic pollution in lentic ecosystems, including preserving the health of aquatic habitats.
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Syafei, Arie Dipareza, Nurul Rizki Nurasrin, Abdu Fadli Assomadi, and Rachmat Boedisantoso. "Microplastic Pollution in the Ambient Air of Surabaya, Indonesia." Current World Environment 14, no. 2 (June 8, 2019): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.2.13.
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Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 mm in length. Microplastics in the air can be ingested and inhaled by humans. In this work, three sites in a roadside area were investigated for microplastics. Air samples were obtained by sucking air at these three sites into a stainless steel funnel with a vacuum pump. The air went through a filter media to retain any particles, which were then collected and observed with a digital microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) testing. A diversity of microplastic shapes were identified at the sites, including fibres, fragments and films. Pellets were not found at any sites, and fibre was the dominant microplastic shape. The highest microplastic was found in the study site with high traffic volume than at sites with low traffic volume. Microplastic on Urip Sumoharjo street (225,087 units/day) as many as 174.97 particles/m3 and 130.50 particles/m3, Mayjend Sungkono street (132,066 units/day) as many as 131.75 particles/m3 and 68.36 particles/m3, and Embong Malang street (98,017 units/day) as much 94.69 particles/m3 and 55.93 particles/m3. Microplastics from different polymers, such as polyethene terephthalate (PET), polyester and cellophane, were identified. Thus, dust emissions and depositions in the air, on land surfaces, and in aquatic environments are associated with microplastic transportation.
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Choi, Sola, Juhea Kim, and Miyeon Kwon. "The Effect of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Synthetic Fabrics on the Release of Microplastics during Washing and Drying." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163384.
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Synthetic fibers released during washing are the primary source of microplastic pollution. Hence, research on reducing the release of microplastic fibers during washing has recently attracted considerable attention. As a result of previous studies, there is a difference in the amount of microplastic emission according to various types of fabrics. To mitigate the release of microplastics, the study of the reason for the difference in the amount of microplastics is needed. Therefore, this study investigated different synthetic fabrics that release microplastics and the physical properties of the fabrics that affect the release of fibers. Three types of fabrics with different chemical compositions were analyzed. The washing and drying processes were improved by focusing on the mechanical factors that affected microplastic release. Furthermore, based on the mass of the collected microplastic fibers, it was found that the chemical compositions of the fabric can affect the microplastics released during washing and drying. This evaluation of physical properties helped to identify the physical factors that affect microplastic release. These results may provide a basis for reducing microplastic fiber types, thereby minimizing unintended environmental pollution.
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Tomar, Devendra Singh. "Microplastic Pollution in the Shore Sediments of Narmada River Along Jabalpur City." International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE) 9, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijermce/09.05.a009.
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Microplastics, due to their microscopic size, constitute a concern to aquatic species since they are easier to consume and the recent discovery of microplastic in human blood shows that these may also have undisclosed health effects on humans. This study provides microplastic characteristics and abundance of microplastics in the shore sediments of Narmada river flowing along Jabalpur City. The information about the presence of microplastics can be crucial in preventing further pollution and developing management interventions. Sediments samples were collected from 4 sites along a 50 km stretch of the river. Sample pretreatment was performed using ZnCl2 solution for density separation and H2O2 for oxidation of organic material. Microplastics examination was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Microplastics in the 20-1000 μm size range were found to be more abundant (114-273 MP/Kg) than larger microplastics in the 1-5 mm size range (18-110 MP/Kg). This research presents the first accounts of microplastic pollution in the shore sediments of Narmada River and it emphasizes the need for more in-depth research into microplastic pollution in fresh water sources.
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Utami, Inggita, Pidianto Pidianto, Fahmi Hermawan Tricahya, and Suci Rahmawati. "Initial investigation of microplastic pollution in river sediments at Yogyakarta City Indonesia." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 5, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v5i3.178.
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Microplastics of less than 5 mm have been widely found in the river sediments that cross the city. Sources of microplastic pollutants can be seen in rivers crossing Yogyakarta City studies on microplastic have never been carried out. This study analyzed the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in river sediments of Yogyakarta City. Data collection was carried out in December 2019 in Winongo River, Code River, and Gadjahwong River. Each sample of the three sediments was taken at each point of the three inlets and outlets in Yogyakarta City. The sediment sample was separated to obtain supernatant-containing microplastics. The abundance of microplastics was quantified and grouped based on the shape, size, and color. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to compare the concentration of microplastic in the three rivers. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 279.31 to 1,026.93 particles kg-1, with a higher abundance in the inlet than the outlet. The Code River sediment has the highest microplastic abundance, followed by the Gadjahwong River, and Winongo River. The sediment samples in the rivers crossing Yogyakarta City have been contaminated mainly by the fragment-shaped, transparent, and 1-100 µm microplastics.
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Mahmud, Abir, Mustafa Md Wasif, Hridoy Roy, Fareen Mehnaz, Tasnim Ahmed, Md Nahid Pervez, Vincenzo Naddeo, and Md Shahinoor Islam. "Aquatic Microplastic Pollution Control Strategies: Sustainable Degradation Techniques, Resource Recovery, and Recommendations for Bangladesh." Water 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233968.
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Microplastics’ dangers and the absence of effective regulation technologies have risen to prominence as a worldwide issue in recent years. South Asian countries, such as Bangladesh, are among the most threatened nations to face the drastic consequence of releasing microplastics into the aquatic environment. The research on managing and degrading microplastics is ongoing, however, sustainable techniques have not yet been found. To create a green and efficient microplastic management plan, we have compiled all the information on the existing removal and degradation techniques for microplastics and provided an overview of all the noteworthy methods that can be implemented in Bangladesh. In the portrayed biotic and abiotic techniques, coagulation and photocatalysis were found to be most efficient in removing microplastics (as high as 99%) in different studies. The concept of microplastic is new to the researchers of Bangladesh, therefore, the characteristics, occurrence, fate, and threats are briefly discussed in this paper. Sampling, extraction, and identification methods of microplastic in freshwater and sediment samples are also thoroughly specified. The sources of microplastic pollution in Bangladesh and possible strategies that can be implemented to minimize additional microplastic discharge into aquatic environments are discussed. Although Bangladesh was the very first country to ban polythene, the failure of the implementation of rules and regulations and a lack of management strategy made Bangladesh the 10th worst country in managing plastic waste. This work is a wake-up call for other researchers to conduct an in-depth investigation to improve microplastic degrading technologies and develop a sustainable strategy to end microplastic pollution in Bangladesh.
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Pan, Zhengkun, Chaonan Zhang, Shaodan Wang, Di Sun, Aiguo Zhou, Shaolin Xie, Guohuan Xu, and Jixing Zou. "Occurrence of Microplastics in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Gills of Fish from Guangdong, South China." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090981.
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Microplastic pollution has become a major global concern. Coastal areas are densely populated with human activity, commercial enterprises, and fishing, resulting in high incidences of fish microplastic pollution. It has been shown that microplastics exist in commercial fish in coastal areas of Guangdong, China. Most of the microplastics were less than 1 mm, white and blue fibers. The abundance, type, shape and color of microplastics in gills and in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of eight species of commercial fish in the coastal waters of central and western Guangdong Province were analyzed. The overall abundance of microplastic particles in fish was 6.6 items/individual, with an average of 2.2 particles in gills and 4.4 in the GIT. The GIT of carnivorous fish was less likely to ingest microplastics than that of herbivores or omnivores. Middle-water fish, on the other hand, are less likely to have their gills contaminated with microplastics. These results revealed the degree of microplastic pollution in fish tissues from the central and western coastal areas of Guangdong province. The quantity of microplastics in the GIT of fish in the Pearl River Delta was the highest compared with the surrounding areas.
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Loayza, Erick, Amaya C. Trigoso Barrientos, and Geert P. J. Janssens. "Evidence of microplastics in water and commercial fish from a high-altitude mountain lake (Lake Titicaca)." PeerJ 10 (November 9, 2022): e14112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14112.
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Microplastic pollution is a widespread environmental concern. Like other anthropogenic pollutants, microplastics can reach aquatic ecosystems through rivers and interact with the aquatic biota. For instance, Lake Titicaca (between Bolivia and Peru), one of the great ancient lakes in South America (3,809 m a.s.l.), shows a pollution problem, particularly in the southern shallow basin (Lago Menor) in Bolivia. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the presence of microplastics and their interaction with the biota of Lake Titicaca is limited. Therefore, this study evaluated the presence of microplastics in the stomach content of the four fish species targeted by local fisheries in Lago Menor of Lake Titicaca (Orestias luteus, Orestias agassizii, Trichomycterus dispar, and Odonthestes bonariensis; N = 1,283), and looked for relationships with trophic guilds or fishing areas. Additionally, surface water was analyzed to evaluate the presence of microplastics in the water. The evaluation of microplastics was carried out by visual observations. We observed that the frequency of microplastic ingestion was low in all species (<5%). Conversely, microplastic was present in the water, with the highest quantity at the southern part of Lago Menor (103 ± 20 particles per L), without differences in the microplastic number between sites. Most microplastics counted in stomach contents were fibers, whereas water samples mainly contained fragments. Our results point to microplastic pollution in Lago Menor of Lake Titicaca. However, we could not determine the pollution rate due to considerable methodological limitations. Further research will be needed to robustly detect microplastics in Lake Titicaca and their impact on the fish species in the lake.
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Onyena, Amarachi Paschaline, Donald Chukwudi Aniche, Bright Ogechi Ogbolu, Md Refat Jahan Rakib, Jamal Uddin, and Tony R. Walker. "Governance Strategies for Mitigating Microplastic Pollution in the Marine Environment: A Review." Microplastics 1, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): 15–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1010003.
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Threats emerging from microplastic pollution in the marine environment have received much global attention. This review assessed sources, fate, and impacts of microplastics in marine ecosystems and identified gaps. Most studies document the ubiquity of microplastics and associated environmental effects. Effects include impacts to marine ecosystems, risks to biodiversity, and threats to human health. Microplastic leakage into marine ecosystems arises from plastic waste mismanagement and a lack of effective mitigative strategies. This review identified a scarcity of microplastics’ mitigation strategies from different stakeholders. Lack of community involvement in microplastic monitoring or ecosystem conservation exists due to limited existence of citizen science and stakeholder co-management initiatives. Although some management strategies exist for controlling effects of microplastics (often implemented by local and global environmental groups), a standardized management strategy to mitigate microplastics in coastal areas is urgently required. There is a need to review policy interventions aimed at plastic reduction in or near coastal ecosystems and evaluate their effectiveness. There is also a need to identify focal causes of microplastic pollution in the marine environment through further environmental research and governance approaches. These would extend to creating more effective policies as well as harmonized and extended efforts of educational campaigns and incentives for plastic waste reduction while mandating stringent penalties to help reduce microplastic leakage into the marine environment.
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Ariyunita, Selvi, Yeny Dhokhikah, and Wachju Subchan. "The First Investigation of Microplastics Contamination in Estuarine Located in Puger District, Jember Regency, Indonesia." Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jrba.v3n1.p7-12.
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Microplastics are harmful to the ecosystem and need to solve immediately. Detection of microplastic contamination is the first step to reduce plastics pollution. Estuarine in Puger has a high potential for microplastic pollution related to the multifunction of waters as ports, tourism, fish market, fish processing, and human settlements. However, there are no studies related to microplastic contamination in the area. The objectives of this research were to determine microplastic contamination in the estuarine located in Puger District, Jember Regency, Indonesia. The research results were the first evidence to inform the society and local government about the actual condition of plastic pollution, especially in the aquatic ecosystem. The sampling sites were determined by purposive sampling. Fifty liters of water from each station (with three repetitions) were taken using a 24V water pump and then filtered using stainless steel filter (mesh 5 mm and 0.2 mm). The filtered samples were placed in a sterile bottle sample, stored at 4 ± 20C. Microplastics were counted and categorized according to size, color, and type under a microscope stereo. Microplastic abundance was calculated based on the number of microplastic particles identified per liter of sample water (particle/liter). The result showed that the study area was contaminated by microplastics throughout site sampling, with abundances varying from 0.03 particles/liter to 0.19 particles/liter. The highest microplastic abundance found near the fishery market. The microplastics also vary in size, color, and type. According to characterization, the sources of microplastic contamination come from human-based activities.
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Azizi, A., N. Maulida, W. N. Setyowati, S. Fairus, and D. A. Puspito. "Microplastic pollution in the water and sediment of Krukut River, Jakarta, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 986, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012084.
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Abstract One of Jakarta’s drinking water sources, the Krukut River, has been contaminated by a variety of industrial and domestic wastes, including microplastic pollution. To investigate the abundance and identify the of microplastics in the Krukut River, water and sediment from 3 sites, upstream, middle and downstream were collected using a water sampler and Ekman sediment grab sampler, respectively. The microplastic from water and sediment was extracted using density separation method. The microplastics were counted and categorized according to the shape under a microscope. The differences in microplastic abundance in three different sites were determined using a one-way ANOVA. The result shows fiber dominated microplastic shape in the water across the sampling sites, whereas pellet dominated microplastic shape in the sediment from upstream to middle-stream. The downstream water has the highest abundance of microplastics (265 ± 5.0 particle/100 mL), which is significantly different (p<0.05) from the middle (221 ± 3.0 particle/100 mL) and the upstream (215 ± 1.5 particle/100 mL). Similarly, the downstream sediment had the largest abundance of microplastics (150 ± 5.0 particle/kg dry weight), which was significantly different (p<0.05) from the middle (125 ± 6.0 particle/kg dry weight) and the upstream (112 ± 3.5 particle/kg dry weight).
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Su, Sheng, Sifan Zhou, and Guoqing Lin. "Existence of microplastics in soil and groundwater in Jiaodong Peninsula." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125102045.
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Microplastic pollution has become a major global problem demanding prompt solution. So far, most research has focused on marine environment, but there is a lack of information about microplastic distribution, and persistence uptake in coastal soil environment. In this study, the Huangshui River Basin in Laizhou Bay and Dagu River Basin in Jiaozhou Bay of Shandong Province of China was taken as the research area. A total of 3,352 microplastic items were collected from 12 samples from the four sites in this study. The results showed that local soil was already affected by microplastics, of which 92.9% were particles, 6.1% were fibers, and only 1% were films. The existence of film PE indicated that the microplastic pollution in soil probably came from the plastic film. The degree of pollution was correlated with the size, and the size of microplastics was negatively correlated with abundance. Only a few labelled fibers were detected in groundwater samples, which may come from the external environment. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of environmental microplastic pollution in the coastal region.
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Lin, Chun-Ting, Ming-Chih Chiu, and Mei-Hwa Kuo. "A Mini-Review of Strategies for Quantifying Anthropogenic Activities in Microplastic Studies in Aquatic Environments." Polymers 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010198.
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Microplastic pollution is no longer neglected worldwide, as recent studies have unveiled its potential harm to ecosystems and, even worse, to human health. Numerous studies have documented the ubiquity of microplastics, reflecting the necessity of formulating corresponding policies to mitigate the accumulation of microplastics in natural environments. Although anthropogenic activities are generally acknowledged as the primary source of microplastics, a robust approach to identify sources of microplastics is needed to provide scientific suggestions for practical policymaking. This review elucidates recent microplastic studies on various approaches for quantifying or reflecting the degree to which anthropogenic activities contribute to microplastic pollution. Population density (i.e., often used to quantify anthropogenic activities) was not always significantly correlated with microplastic abundance. Furthermore, this review argues that considering potential sources near sample sites as characteristics that may serve to predict the spatial distribution of microplastics in aquatic environments is equivocal. In this vein, a watershed-scale measure that uses land-cover datasets to calculate different percentages of land use in the watershed margins delineated by using Geographic Information System (GIS) software is discussed and suggested. Progress in strategies for quantifying anthropogenic activities is important for guiding future microplastic research and developing effective management policies to prevent microplastic contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
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Raab, Patricia, and Franz X. Bogner. "Microplastics in the Environment: Raising Awareness in Primary Education." American Biology Teacher 82, no. 7 (September 1, 2020): 478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2020.82.7.478.
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Microplastic pollution is an environmental threat with substantial effects on ecosystems. Persistence and ubiquity are the central causes of the problems microplastics generate, especially throughout water-based food webs. To limit microplastic pollution, accountability of individuals is needed, which requires reliable information for an individual to act accordingly. Knowledge about sources, contamination, fate, and effects of microplastic in the environment may be an essential element in enhancing students' motivation and sense of responsibility. Our module “Plastic Detectives – The Search for Plastic” offers consciousness-raising tasks that involve students in hands-on learning activities. Within student-centered activities, different tasks on sources in everyday life, sinks in aquatic ecosystems, effects on marine animals, and prevention strategies for microplastics are in focus. With an appropriate overview, students may be sufficiently enabled to ponder their purchase decisions and potentially limit microplastic pollution in everyday life.
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Yin, Lingshi, Changbo Jiang, Xiaofeng Wen, Chunyan Du, Wei Zhong, Zhiqiao Feng, Yuannan Long, and Yuan Ma. "Microplastic Pollution in Surface Water of Urban Lakes in Changsha, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (May 12, 2019): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091650.
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As emerging pollutants, microplastics have attracted the attention of scholars from all over the world. However, there is a lack of research on freshwater areas, even in densely populated urban areas. This study investigated eight urban lakes in Changsha, China. It was found that microplastic concentrations ranged from 2425 ± 247.5 items/m3 to 7050 ± 1060.66 items/m3 in the surface water of research areas and the maximum concentration was found in Yuejin Lake, a tourist spot in the center of the city. Anthropogenic factors are an important reason for microplastic abundance in urban lakes. The major shape of microplastics was linear and most of the microplastics were transparent. More than 89.5% of the microplastics had a size of less than 2 mm. Polypropylene was the dominant type in the studied waters. This study can provide a valuable reference for a better understanding of microplastic pollution in urban areas of China.
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Li, Yingying. "Scientific Uncertainty of Marine Microplastic Pollution and the Dilemma of Future International Unified Legislation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416394.
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Several countries or regions have issued bans on microplastic pollution. This paper conducted a textual analysis on the provisions of the referenced countries or regions, and it was noticed that most of the existing bans only regulate and control microbeads instead of legal rules regarding all types of marine microplastic pollution. Existing international conventions can solve some of the problems of marine microplastic pollution, but they cannot solve all of them. Scientific uncertainty of marine microplastic pollution leads to the dilemma of future legislation. Specifically, based on the theory of legal norms, there are several issues faced by future international uniform legislation. The basic elements of legal rules are the hypothesis, disposition, and sanctions. At present, the scientific uncertainty of marine microplastic pollution cannot establish the three elements (hypothesis, disposition, and sanctions) of legal rules, so the existing bans in various countries can only target microbeads, and it is difficult to regulate other types of marine microplastic pollution. Consequently, we conclude that the time for comprehensive legislation on marine microplastics pollution is not yet ripe.
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Bao, Mengrong, Xiaoqin Xiang, Jianshi Huang, Lingwei Kong, Juan Wu, and Shuiping Cheng. "Microplastics in the Atmosphere and Water Bodies of Coastal Agglomerations: A Mini-Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032466.
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Microplastics are ubiquitously in various environments from the equator to the poles. Coastal agglomerations act as both a source and sink connecting the global microplastic cycles of oceans and continents. While the problem of microplastics is particularly severe and complex in the coastal zones, where both inland and marine pollution are concentrated, the present study aimed to provide hot topics and trends of coastal urban microplastic studies and to review the researches on microplastic pollution in the atmosphere and water bodies in coastal agglomerations in terms of characteristics, behavior, and health threat of microplastics. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed an increase in the annual output of microplastic research. Research hot topics and clusters were analyzed using the VOSviewer. Characteristics of microplastics varied in abundance, size, and polymer type in different environments and countries. Furthermore, coastal cities are taken as a system to sort out the input, output, and internal transmission pathways of microplastics. The health threat of microplastics to urban residents was briefly reviewed and the exposure and health risks of microplastics to infants and young children were of particular concern. Detailed and comprehensive studies on intervention and reduction in the transmission of microplastics between the atmosphere and water bodies, whether microplastics are harmful to infants and young children, and measures to reduce the risk of microplastic exposure are needed.
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Jiang, Changbo, Lingshi Yin, Xiaofeng Wen, Chunyan Du, Lixue Wu, Yuannan Long, Yizhuang Liu, et al. "Microplastics in Sediment and Surface Water of West Dongting Lake and South Dongting Lake: Abundance, Source and Composition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102164.
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Microplastic pollution was investigated in sediment and surface water in West Dongting Lake and South Dongting Lake for the first time. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 616.67 to 2216.67 items/m3 and 716.67 to 2316.67 items/m3 in the lakeshore surface water of West Dongting Lake and South Dongting Lake, respectively. The highest levels of microplastic pollution were found in the lakes’ outlets. In the lake center sites of the West Dongting Lake and South Dongting Lake, the abundance of microplastics ranged from 433.33 to 1500 items/m3 and 366.67 to 1566.67 items/m3, respectively. Meanwhile, the study found that in lakeshore sediment of West Dongting Lake and South Dongting Lake, microplastic concentrations ranged from 320 to 480 items/m3 and 200–1150 items/m3. Polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were most common in the surface water and sediment samples, respectively. In addition, we suggest that the effects of polymer types in microplastics should be taken into account when considering abundance. This study can provide valuable points of reference to better understanding microplastic pollution in inland freshwater areas.
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Zhang, Ting, Liu Lin, Deqin Li, Jichao Wang, Yunteng Liu, Rui Li, Shannan Wu, and Haitao Shi. "Microplastic pollution at Qilianyu, the largest green sea turtle nesting grounds in the northern South China Sea." PeerJ 10 (June 7, 2022): e13536. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13536.
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Microplastics, new persistent pollutants, have recently attracted considerable attention. When present in beach sediments, microplastics may adversely affect the nesting and hatching of sea turtles on beaches. In this study, we investigate microplastic pollution at Qilianyu (northeastern Xisha Islands), the largest known nesting ground for green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in China. We found that the average abundance of microplastics in the beach surface sediments was 338.44 ± 315.69 thousand pieces·m−3 or 1,353.78 ± 853.68 pieces·m−2, with foam and fragments as the main microplastic type identified. The microplastic particles were categorised as small and were predominantly within the 0.05–1 mm size category. Most microplastic particles were white (71.31%). Polystyrene and polyethylene were found to be the most common forms of plastic present. Microplastic pollution was not only observed on the beach surface but also at the bottom of nests approximately 60 cm may be harmful to the incubation of sea turtle eggs. We suggest removing plastic litter, especially small pieces of plastic, on beaches to reduce the threat of microplastic pollution to marine life, including sea turtles. Furthermore, the foam used in aquaculture should be recovered and replaced before it becomes fragmented due to age. In addition, regional cooperation between stakeholders in the South China Sea should be strengthened to collectively promote the reduction and cleanup of marine litter.
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Viet Dung, Luu, Truong Huu Duc, Le Thi Khanh Linh, Trinh Thi Dieu Ly, Hoang Anh Duong, and Nguyen Thi My Hao. "Depth Profiles of Microplastics in Sediment Cores from Two Mangrove Forests in Northern Vietnam." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2021): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121381.
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Plastics are essential materials that play critical roles in people’s lives in the modern world. However, plastic pollution in the ocean has become a critical environmental problem due to the fact of its durability and long life span. In the present study, we analyze the contamination of microplastics in sediment cores from mangrove forests of the Red River Delta and Tien Yen Bay in Northern Vietnam. The results showed that the concentration of microplastics in sediment cores ranged from 0 to 4941 particles/kg, with four types of microplastics: microfiber, microfragment, microfoam, and microfilm. Microplastics were not observed in sediment samples lower than 65 and 70 cm core depth in sediment cores from the Tien Yen Bay and Red River Delta. The microplastic concentration in sediment cores from the Red River Delta was significantly higher than those of Tien Yen Bay, reflecting the influence of anthropogenic activities on microplastics pollution. The present results highlight that the accumulation of microplastics may have occurred a long time ago and tends to increase in the future. Further investigation on microplastic accumulation rates, sources of microplastics, and reducing plastic pollution is necessary to minimize the impacts of microplastic pollution on aquatic life and the environment.
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Mohd Rizal, Nur Izzati, Sharir Aizat Kamaruddin, and Rosnani Nazri. "MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION IN MARINE WATERS: A MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 7, no. 28 (June 22, 2022): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.728006.
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This article examines the literature study of the current situation of microplastic pollution in the marine ecosystems of Malaysia. The size, density, types of polymers, colour, and origins of microplastic in the ocean, coastal, and estuarine environments are all discussed in this article. ScienceDirect and Google Scholar search engines were used to collect, analyse, and sort the information. According to the literature search, the bulk of microplastics found in Malaysian ocean samples was between 100 and 5000 micrometres in size. The density of the microplastics discovered ranged from 0.88 g cm3 to 1.01 g cm3, which is lower than the density of seawater. In addition, the types of polymers were polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polystyrene, and polyamide. Red and transparent colour were two common colours found in the Malaysian ocean. The sources of microplastic such as industrial activities, anthropogenic activities, agricultural activities, and personal care products. Because microplastics can cause physical and chemical harm to marine species, pollute the natural environment, and negatively affect social and economic sectors, the critical information provided in this article may help government and non-government organizations develop strategic monitoring policies.
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Azizi, A., W. N. Setyowati, S. Fairus, D. A. Puspito, and D. S. Irawan. "Microplastic pollution in the sediment of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012010.
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Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, the increased use of plastic for personal protective equipment (PPE), single-use plastic bags, and food packaging raised significant environmental concerns. This study aimed to investigate the shape, abundance, and type of microplastics in the sediment of Jakarta Bay, specifically Tanjung Priok, Ancol Beach, and Sunda Kelapa Port. Sediment was collected using an Ekman sediment grab sampler and was extracted using the density separation method. The microplastics were counted and categorized according to the shape under a microscope. The differences in microplastic abundance in three different stations were determined using a one-way ANOVA. The polymer of microplastics was identified using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The results show that the abundance of the microplastics from coastal sediment was highest in the Sunda Kelapa Port (45066.67 ± 5205.13 particle/kg dry weight), which is significantly different (p<0.05) from Tanjung Priok (40533.33 ± 2444.04 particle/kg dry weight) and Ancol Beach (34666.67 ± 2444.04 particle/kg dry weight). Fragments dominated the shape of microplastic in Tanjung Priok, Ancol Beach, and Sunda Kelapa Post, comprising 36%, 40%, 38%, respectively, followed by fiber, film, and pellet. The FT-IR tests indicated that polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polyamide are the most prevalent microplastic polymers.
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Singh, Veena Krishan. "Removal of Microplastic Pollution through Waste Water Treatment: A Review." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 4 (October 3, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.1.4.2.
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The presence of plastic materials in a water stream is a serious environmental concern because of their poor degradability characteristics. The enormous rise in the production of plastics causes a significant amount of plastic waste on the land to enter water bodies. If the particle size is small at the micro level (less than 5 mm in diameter), it has significant potential for blocking the fine pores of filtration and membrane systems. Their encroachment also poses a threat to human health in the food chain. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an important role in removing a significant amount of microplastics; otherwise, they end up in the process of bioaccumulation. This study provides an idea about the characteristics of microplastics, removal efficiency, and the correlation between wastewater quality and microplastic concentrations from three different WWTPs that differ in the biological and advanced wastewater treatment techniques, which are believed to play an important role in microplastic removal. It also focuses on how waste treatment facilities affect the retention of microplastics and discusses issues with using sewage sludge laden with microplastic.
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Nilawati, Sunarsih, and Sudarno. "Microplastic pollution from sea salt: its effect on public health and prevention alternatives - a review." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 06018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206018.
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Salt is a commodity that is needed by everyone. There is a problem because many salts are contaminated with microplastics (MPs). Indonesia to meet the needs of industry with first-class quality salt must be imported. This paper is a review of microplastics from several salt importing countries to Indonesia and also to describe the effect of microplastics for the health public and prevention alternatives. This review used secondary data from total and types (MPs) contamination, amount of salt imports. The results show that almost all salt exports to Indonesia are contaminated by microplastic. Types of microplastic contaminated in Indonesia's sea salt production were tainted with MPs of PE, PP, and PET types. Contamination microplastic from imported salt is PE, PP, PET, Acrylic, nylon, PVC, PS. The number of polluted MPs is the lowest was 0-9 particles, the higher was 120-718 particles/kg salt. The effect of microplastic on health in the form of cancer, brain function, genetic changes, bronchitis, liver dysfunction, eye irritation. Alternative prevention by recycling plastic waste, changing public behavior in the use of plastics and filtration technology.
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Widyantoro, Gregorius Kenang, Christina Olly Lada, and Kartini Lidia. "The Microplastic Existence in Ecosystem of Semi-arid Coastal Area, Kupang City: A Literature Review." EAS Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjnfs.2023.v05i01.002.
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Microplastic contamination gain recognition in recent years. Microplastic is found within many parts of human tissue and thus provides potential health hazards. Although microplastic pollution ranges across the land, air, and water ecosystem, this review only exposes the existence of microplastic within the marine environment, which includes the marine territories of Kupang City, Indonesia, and its proximity. In this review, we assess any scientific literature related to microplastic issues in Kupang City. The purpose of this review article is to analyze and combine the results from the researchers who discuss the existence of microplastics and the characteristics of the microplastics studied in Kupang City. In order to achieve a comprehensive explanation, each aspect of expertise in previous research will be carried within a human health point of view. As a result, seven papers published in 2019 to 2022 referring to microplastic problems in Kupang City were found, proposing the presence of filament-shaped and black microplastics in almost all related studies.
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Li, Yizheng, Yindan Zhang, Guanglong Chen, Kaihang Xu, Han Gong, Kai Huang, Muting Yan, and Jun Wang. "Microplastics in Surface Waters and Sediments from Guangdong Coastal Areas, South China." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052691.
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Microplastic is an emerging global pollutant that have attracted a great deal of attention from researchers and the public. Guangdong Province has a large population and a relatively well-developed economy, but lacks a modern pollution control system. Guangdong has a long coastline with varying levels of pollution, and little research has been conducted on microplastics. Therefore, we investigated the level of microplastic pollution in coastal areas of Guangdong Province, and the abundance of microplastics in surface waters and sediments at 13 sampling sites. The abundance of microplastics in surface water and sediment samples ranged from 850 to 3500 items/L and 433.3 to 4166.3 items/kg, respectively. Fiber is the main type of microplastics in both surface water and sediment. The sampled microplastics were typically transparent. Raman results show that the surface water sample mainly includes rayon (38.2%), polyethylene terephthalate (16.4%), and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (12.7%). This study used the pollution load index method to evaluate the pollution risk of microplastics along the coast of Guangdong, and provided the basis for the formulation of environmental policy.
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Weber, Collin J., and Moritz Bigalke. "Opening Space for Plastics—Why Spatial, Soil and Land Use Data Are Important to Understand Global Soil (Micro)Plastic Pollution." Microplastics 1, no. 4 (October 8, 2022): 610–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1040042.
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After five years of research on microplastic pollution of soils it becomes obvious that soil systems act as a reservoir for microplastics on global scales. Nevertheless, the exact role of soils within global microplastic cycles, plastic fluxes within soils and environmental consequences are so far only partly understood. Against the background of a global environmental plastic pollution, the spatial reference, spatial levels, sampling approaches and documentation practices of soil context data becomes important. Within this review, we therefore evaluate the availability of spatial MP soil data on a global scale through the application of a questionnaire applied to 35 case studies on microplastics in soils published since 2016. We found that the global database on microplastics in soils is mainly limited to agricultural used topsoils in Central Europe and China. Data on major global areas and soil regions are missing, leading to a limited understanding of soils plastic pollution. Furthermore, we found that open data handling, geospatial data and documentation of basic soil information are underrepresented, which hinders further understanding of global plastic fluxes in soils. Out of this context, we give recommendations for spatial reference and soil context data collection, access and combination with soil microplastic data, to work towards a global and free soil microplastic data hub.
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Pratita, S. D., M. B. Gavintri, A. N. Rizkyta, L. U. Khasanah, F. A. Ponkiyawati, and B. Retnoaji. "Study on the potential of sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) as a bioindicator dangerous plastic pollution in environment of gunungkidul beach Yogyakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1036, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1036/1/012055.
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Abstract Yogyakarta has a lot of beaches, especially in the Gunungkidul district. Sepanjang and Nglolang are tourist beaches in Gunungkidul, while Porok is a research station for the Faculty of Biology UGM. One common types of waste in the ocean is microplastic. The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems in high numbers can threaten the population of benthic organisms and the stability of the ecosystem. Tripneustes gratilla, one of the sea urchins, can be used as an indicator of environmental pollution because it eats algae and detritus at the bottom of the water. This study aims to determine the microplastic content in seawater, beach substrates, and Tripneustes gratilla organs. Sampling by purposive random sampling, Analysis of microplastics in water, substrate, intestinal and gonads organs. The results obtained that there were four types of microplastics found: fragments, films, fiber, and monofilaments. The most common type of microplastic found is film. The abundance of microplastics on the substrate is higher than that of water. The abundance of microplastics in the intestinal organs of T. gratilla was higher than its gonads. Based on these results, T. gratilla has the potential as a bioindicator of microplastic pollution in the coastal environment of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta.
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Rotjan, Randi D., Koty H. Sharp, Anna E. Gauthier, Rowan Yelton, Eliya M. Baron Lopez, Jessica Carilli, Jonathan C. Kagan, and Juanita Urban-Rich. "Patterns, dynamics and consequences of microplastic ingestion by the temperate coral, Astrangia poculata." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1905 (June 26, 2019): 20190726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0726.
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Microplastics (less than 5 mm) are a recognized threat to aquatic food webs because they are ingested at multiple trophic levels and may bioaccumulate. In urban coastal environments, high densities of microplastics may disrupt nutritional intake. However, behavioural dynamics and consequences of microparticle ingestion are still poorly understood. As filter or suspension feeders, benthic marine invertebrates are vulnerable to microplastic ingestion. We explored microplastic ingestion by the temperate coral Astrangia poculata . We detected an average of over 100 microplastic particles per polyp in wild-captured colonies from Rhode Island. In the laboratory, corals were fed microbeads to characterize ingestion preference and retention of microplastics and consequences on feeding behaviour. Corals were fed biofilmed microplastics to test whether plastics serve as vectors for microbes. Ingested microplastics were apparent within the mesenterial tissues of the gastrovascular cavity. Corals preferred microplastic beads and declined subsequent offerings of brine shrimp eggs of the same diameter, suggesting that microplastic ingestion can inhibit food intake. The corals co-ingested Escherichia coli cells with microbeads. These findings detail specific mechanisms by which microplastics threaten corals, but also hint that the coral A. poculata , which has a large coastal range, may serve as a useful bioindicator and monitoring tool for microplastic pollution.
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Suwartiningsih, Nurul, Indri Setyowati, and Resa Astuti. "Microplastics in Pelagic and Demersal Fishes of Pantai Baron, Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Jurnal Biodjati 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v5i1.7768.
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Yogyakarta is the second-largest producer of plastic waste in Indonesia. Plastic waste in the waters can be degraded into microplastics that can enter the body of a fish. This study aimed to determine the presence of microplastics in the digestive tract of several species of fish in Pantai Baron, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research was an exploratory research conducted in April-September 2019 at Pantai Baron, Yogyakarta. Two species of each pelagic and demersal fish samples were taken by buying fish caught by fishermen. The digestive tract of fish was extracted with 10% KOH, filtered, then visual identification. Microplastic types were estimated by FT-IR spectrometry. The amount of microplastic of all fishes was done by Kruskal-Wallis test while the number of microplastics of the two categories of fish was compared with the Mann-Whitney test. A correlation analysis was carried out between the length of the fish, the weight of the digestive tract, and the number of microplastics found. Microplastic shape, color, size, and type data were analyzed descriptively. A total of 78 of the 80 (97.50%) fish from four species studied contained microplastics with a total number as many as 3,651 (mean 45.60 ± 44.31 microplastic/individual). About 100% of pelagic fish samples contained microplastics, while only 95% of demersal fish samples contained microplastics. Mann-Whitney test results showed the number of microplastic/ individual was significantly different between pelagic and demersal fish (p <0.05). The most dominant shape of microplastic was fiber (53.14%), film (36.97%) and fragments (9.89%). The type of polymers detected was polyamide. The results showed that pelagic fish swallowed more microplastics than demersal fish did because of the microplastic nature that is lightweight and floats. Microplastic characteristic data can be used to estimate the main source of microplastic pollution in Pantai Baron so it can be managed appropriately.
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Siti Ayu Ulfadillah, Yenni Putri Sari, Rindiani Puja Listari, Elsa Vandana, and Mukti Dono Wilopo. "RESEARCH ON MICROPLASTICS (MPS) IN INDONESIA: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS 2011-2022 AS SUSTAINABLE MARINE ENVIRONMENT." Indonesian Scholars Scientific Summit Taiwan Proceeding 4 (August 18, 2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52162/4.2022157.
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Microplastics (MPs) are an issue in both natural and manufactured fisheries. Microplastics research is one of the most rapidly growing areas of study in the world of science to date. This study describes and analyzes the results of microplastic research in Indonesia that were published in the form of scholarly papers between 2011 and 2022 based on the Web of Science (WoS) database’s research articles. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to explore research trends regarding microplastics in marine Indonesia. This study used VOSviewer to analyze collaboration networks among authors and institutions, as well as co-occurrence analysis of keywords in three defined periods. A total of 46 papers on research microplastics in Indonesia were identified. The most influential microplastics in marine ecosystem research publications are Marine Pollution Bulletin, Chemosphere, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, and Environmental Technology Innovation. The valuable results obtained from this study can help scholars better understand the research development trends and research hotspots in the field of microplastic pollution in the marine ecosystem and provide direction for future research.
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Navarro, Carl Kenneth P., Cris Gel Loui A. Arcadio, Kaye M. Similatan, Sherley Ann T. Inocente, Marybeth Hope T. Banda, Rey Y. Capangpangan, Armi G. Torres, and Hernando P. Bacosa. "Unraveling Microplastic Pollution in Mangrove Sediments of Butuan Bay, Philippines." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 14469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114469.
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The mass production and consumption of plastics have serious effects on the environment, human health, and livelihood. Hence, global efforts to reduce plastic generation must be realized. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microplastics in mangrove sediments of Cabadbaran, Buenavista, and Nasipit in Butuan Bay, Philippines. Seventy-two (72) microplastic particles were extracted from mangrove sediments dominated by fibrous type (71%) and blue (35%) as the most common color. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy was used to assess the polymer type of microplastics. Results reveal a total of six polymer types including high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyamide, and polypropylene, with the latter comprising 39% of samples, the highest among the extracted particles. Overall, Nasipit (71.1/kg) obtained the highest microplastic density followed by Buenavista (48.9/kg) and Cabadbaran (40.0/kg). These data will serve as a piece of baseline information in crafting important environmental policies to address plastic pollution issues in the area. Long-term studies are recommended to better understand, monitor, and prevent further microplastic pollution in Butuan Bay.
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Phan, Samantha, and Christine K. Luscombe. "Recent trends in marine microplastic modeling and machine learning tools: Potential for long-term microplastic monitoring." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 020701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0126358.
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The increase in the global demand for plastics, and more recently during the pandemic, is a major concern for the future of plastic waste pollution and microplastics. Efficient microplastic monitoring is imperative to understanding the long-term effects and progression of microplastic effects in the environment. Numerical models are valuable in studying microplastic transport as they can be used to examine the effects of different parameters systematically to help elucidate the fate and transport processes of microplastics, thus providing a holistic view of microplastics in the ocean environment. By incorporating physical parameters (such as size, shape, density, and identity of microplastics), numerical models have gained better understanding of the physics of microplastic transport, predicted sinking velocities more accurately, and estimated microplastic pathways in marine environments. However, availability of large amounts of information about microplastic physical and chemical parameters is sparse. Machine learning and computer-vision tools can aid in acquiring environmental information and provide input to develop more accurate models and verify their predictions. More accurate models can further the understanding of microplastic transport, facilitate monitoring efforts, and thus optimize where more data collection can take place to ultimately improve machine learning tools. This review offers a perspective on how image-based machine learning can be exploited to help uncover the physics of microplastic transport behaviors. Additionally, the authors hope the review inspires studies that can bridge the gap between numerical modeling and machine learning for microplastic analysis to exploit their joined potential.
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Marrone, Alessandro, Mauro F. La Russa, Luciana Randazzo, Daniele La Russa, Emilio Cellini, and Daniela Pellegrino. "Microplastics in the Center of Mediterranean: Comparison of the Two Calabrian Coasts and Distribution from Coastal Areas to the Open Sea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 10712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010712.
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Plastic is everywhere—increasing evidence suggests that plastic pollution is ubiquitous and persistent in ecosystems worldwide. Microplastic pollution in marine environments is particularly insidious, as small fragmentation can increase interaction with biota and food chain access. Of particular concern is the Mediterranean Sea, which has become a large area of accumulation of plastic debris, including microplastics, whose polymeric composition is still largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the polymeric composition, particle size distribution, shape, and color of small plastic particles (ranging from 50 to 5000 µm) collected from the sea surface in six stations at the center of the Mediterranean Sea. We also described, for the first time, the different distribution of microplastics from coastal areas up to 12 nautical miles offshore. The microplastic density was 0.13 ± 0.19 particles/m2, with a marked prevalence of smaller particles (73% < 3 mm) and a peak between 1 and 2 mm (34.74%). Microplastics composition analysis showed that the most abundant material was polyethylene (69%), followed by polypropylene (24%). Moreover, we reported a comparison of the two Calabrian coasts providing the first characterization of a great difference in microplastic concentration between the Tyrrhenian and Ionian sides (87% vs. 13%, respectively), probably due to the complex marine and atmospheric circulation, which make the Tyrrhenian side an area of accumulation of materials originating even from faraway places. We demonstrate, for the first time, a great difference in microplastic concentration between Tyrrhenian and Ionian Calabrian coasts, providing a full characterization and highlighting that microplastic pollution is affected by both local release and hydrography of the areas.
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Shahul Hamid, Fauziah, Mehran Sanam Bhatti, Norkhairiyah Anuar, Norkhairah Anuar, Priya Mohan, and Agamuthu Periathamby. "Worldwide distribution and abundance of microplastic: How dire is the situation?" Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 10 (August 14, 2018): 873–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18785730.
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The widespread occurrence of microplastic has invaded the environment to an extent that it appears to be present throughout the globe. This review investigated the global abundance and distribution of microplastics in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Furthermore, the issues and challenges have been addressed for better findings in microplastics studies. Findings revealed that the accumulation of microplastics varies geographically, with locations, hydrodynamic conditions, environmental pressure, and time. From this review, it is crucial that proper regulations are proposed and implemented in order to reduce the occurrence of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Without appropriate law and regulations, microplastic pollution will eventually threaten human livelihood.
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Li, Yingying. "Legislation and Policy on Pollution Prevention and the Control of Marine Microplastics." Water 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 2790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182790.
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Marine microplastic pollution and plastic pollution are two different things but they are related. In the past 10 years, several countries and regions have issued a ban on microbeads. We analyze the above countries or regions according to three aspects: whether there is special legislation for marine microplastic pollution, the subject of the regulations, and the prevention and control measures. The common feature of the policy documents of these countries is that they target the ban of only microbeads and no other types of microplastics. Based on a comparative study, we found three dilemmas in the regulation of marine microplastic pollution. We conducted a comparative analysis of the legislation or policy documents of the above-mentioned countries and regions in order to identify how they solve the above difficulties. We summarized three legislative and policy regulation models and analyzed their respective advantages. Based on legal theories and empirical methods, some observations and suggestions are made regarding the regulation of primary and secondary microplastic pollution, especially in China’s situation.
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Castañeda, Rowshyra A., Suncica Avlijas, M. Anouk Simard, and Anthony Ricciardi. "Microplastic pollution in St. Lawrence River sediments." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 12 (December 2014): 1767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0281.
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Although widely detected in marine ecosystems, microplastic pollution has only recently been documented in freshwater environments, almost exclusively in surface waters. Here, we report microplastics (polyethylene microbeads, 0.40–2.16 mm diameter) in the sediments of the St. Lawrence River. We sampled 10 freshwater sites along a 320 km section from Lake St. Francis to Québec City by passing sediment collected from a benthic grab through a 500 μm sieve. Microbeads were discovered throughout this section, and their abundances varied by four orders of magnitude across sites. Median and mean (±1 SE) densities across sites were 52 microbeads·m−2 and 13 832 (±13 677) microbeads·m−2, respectively. The highest site density was 1.4 × 105 microbeads·m−2 (or 103 microbeads·L−1), which is similar in magnitude to microplastic concentrations found in the world’s most contaminated marine sediments. Mean diameter of microbeads was smaller at sites receiving municipal or industrial effluent (0.70 ± 0.01 mm) than at non-effluent sites (0.98 ± 0.01 mm), perhaps suggesting differential origins. Given the prevalence and locally high densities of microplastics in St. Lawrence River sediments, their ingestion by benthivorous fishes and macroinvertebrates warrants investigation.
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Connors, Elizabeth J. "Distribution and biological implications of plastic pollution on the fringing reef of Mo’orea, French Polynesia." PeerJ 5 (August 29, 2017): e3733. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3733.
Full textAbstract:
Coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific are extremely vulnerable to plastic pollution from oceanic gyres and land-based sources. To describe the extent and impact of plastic pollution, the distribution of both macro- (>5 mm) and microplastic (plastic < 5 mm) of the fringing reef of an isolated South Pacific island, Mo’orea, French Polynesia was quantified. Macroplastic was found on every beach on the island that was surveyed. The distribution of this plastic was categorized by site type and by the presence of Turbinaria ornata, a common macroalgae on Mo’orea. Microplastics were discovered in the water column of the fringing reef of the island, at a concentration of 0.74 pieces m−2. Additionally, this study reports for the first time the ingestion of microplastic by the corallimorpha Discosoma nummiforme. Microplastics were made available to corallimorph polyps in a laboratory setting over the course of 108 h. Positively and negatively buoyant microplastics were ingested, and a microplastic particle that was not experimentally introduced was also discovered in the stomach cavity of one organism. This study indicates that plastic pollution has the potential to negatively impact coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific, and warrants further study to explore the broader potential impacts of plastic pollution on coral reef ecosystems.
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Rahmayanti, Rita, Basith Kuncoro Adji, and Andhika Puspito Nugroho. "Microplastic Pollution in the Inlet and Outlet Networks of Rawa Jombor Reservoir: Accumulation in Aquatic Fauna, Interactions with Heavy Metals, and Health Risk Assessment." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 20, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202100200.
Full textAbstract:
Streams are regarded as a pathway for spreading microplastics from land to various aquatic systems. The contamination of streams connected to the Rawa Jombor Reservoir may increase microplastic concentrations in the reservoir. The water coming out of the reservoir carries microplastics that spread out into the stream networks around the reservoir. Heavy metals have a high affinity for microplastics, increasing metal burdens on the surface of microplastics. The transfer of microplastics along the food chain leads to the possibility of increased adverse effects on organisms, mainly top predators. This research evaluated the accumulation and characterization of microplastics in water, sediment, and aquatic fauna (zooplankton, benthos, and fish); interactions with heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn); and health risk assessment. Microplastics were collected from six sampling locations. The density, type of polymers, and color of microplastics were analyzed, as well as heavy metal concentrations on the surface of microplastics and a health risk assessment. The results showed microplastic contamination at a moderate level. The accumulation of microplastics in aquatic fauna showed the same pattern as microplastics in the environment. Microplastic concentrations in aquatic fauna showed an increase through trophic transfer and indications of biomagnification. Heavy metals were adsorbed on the surface of microplastics in high concentrations. Based on the health risk assessment, microplastic contamination of fish at the inlet and outlet of the Rawa Jombor Reservoir is still safe, but further monitoring is needed because of the possible long-term health hazards that may arise.
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Choi, Sola, Miyeon Kwon, Myung-Ja Park, and Juhea Kim. "Characterization of Microplastics Released Based on Polyester Fabric Construction during Washing and Drying." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 4277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244277.
Full textAbstract:
With the increasing production of synthetic materials, more microplastic fibers are being generated while washing clothes. Consequently, these particles are increasingly detected in the aquatic environment. Synthetic fibers produced via washing have a relatively high contribution to microplastic pollution. Hence, recent research on reducing the release of microplastic fibers is attracting considerable attention. In this study, fabric-specific analysis was performed by strictly controlling various factors, and each washing and drying process was improved by focusing on the mechanical factors affecting microplastic release. Furthermore, the mass of the collected microplastic fibers and their length distribution were measured. Fabric construction, including chemical composition and yarn type, impacted the microplastics released during washing and drying. Differences in the mechanical factors during washing helped to identify the physical factors affecting microplastic release. These results on the release of microplastics may provide a basis for developing a filter system that can minimize the unintended environmental consequences.
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Habib, Syahir, Anastasia Iruthayam, Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor, Siti Aisyah Alias, Jerzy Smykla, and Nur Adeela Yasid. "Biodeterioration of Untreated Polypropylene Microplastic Particles by Antarctic Bacteria." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 2616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112616.
Full textAbstract:
Microplastic pollution is globally recognised as a serious environmental threat due to its ubiquitous presence related primarily to improper dumping of plastic wastes. While most studies have focused on microplastic contamination in the marine ecosystem, microplastic pollution in the soil environment is generally little understood and often overlooked. The presence of microplastics affects the soil ecosystem by disrupting the soil fertility and quality, degrading the food web, and subsequently influencing both food security and human health. This study evaluates the growth and biodegradation potential of the Antarctic soil bacteria Pseudomonas sp. ADL15 and Rhodococcus sp. ADL36 on the polypropylene (PP) microplastics in Bushnell Haas (BH) medium for 40 days. The degradation was monitored based on the weight loss of PP microplastics, removal rate constant per day (K), and their half-life. The validity of the PP microplastics’ biodegradation was assessed through structural changes via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The weight loss percentage of the PP microplastics by ADL15 and ADL36 after 40 days was 17.3% and 7.3%, respectively. The optimal growth in the BH media infused with PP microplastics was on the 40th and 30th day for ADL15 and ADL36, respectively. The infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed significant changes in the PP microplastics’ functional groups following the incubation with Antarctic strains.
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Rey, Savannah Franklin, Janet Franklin, and Sergio J. Rey. "Microplastic pollution on island beaches, Oahu, Hawai`i." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): e0247224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247224.
Full textAbstract:
We report microplastic densities on windward beaches of Oahu, Hawai`i, USA, an island that received about 6 million tourist visits a year. Microplastic densities, surveyed on six Oahu beaches, were highest on the beaches with the coarsest sands, associated with high wave energy. On those beaches, densities were very high (700–1700 particles m-2), as high as those recorded on other remote island beaches worldwide. Densities were higher at storm tide lines than high tide lines. Results from our study provide empirical data on the distribution of microplastics on the most populated and visited of the Hawaiian islands.
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Ţîntoc, Alina, Ioana Pîntea, Elena Bălan, Alina-Silviana Manea, Janina Orbeanu, Marius Sorinel Neacşu, and Magdalena Mititelu. "Microplastic pollution a real global danger." Farmacist.ro 1, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/farm.192.1.2020.2899.
Full textAbstract:
Plastic pollution in the oceans and inland waters is a serious problem that affects not only the aquatic environment, but also humans. People are potentially exposed to microplastics through food, drink and air. Polyester fiber is one of the most abundant types of microplastics in the environment. Much of the fiber that enters wastewater treatment plants reaches sewage sludge, which is used as soil fertilizer in many countries. Therefore, preventive and corrective measures should be taken at international, governmental and consumer level to assess the toxicity of common polymers, to reduce the use of plastic and to encourage the use of alternative materials, recycling and the adoption of sustainable practices in the use of plastics and plastic pollution management. There is growing evidence that microplastic pollution (plastic particles below 5 mm in size) is now present in almost all marine ecosystems, even in remote areas, such as the Arctic and Antarctic. Once released into the marine environment the ecological fate of microplastics primarily depends on the density of the polymer that influences buoyancy, position in the water column and possible interaction with the biota.
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Pashaei, Reza, Reda Dzingelevičienė, Aida Bradauskaitė, Alireza Lajevardipour, Malgorzata Mlynska-Szultka, Nerijus Dzingelevičius, Saulius Raugelė, et al. "Pharmaceutical and Microplastic Pollution before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Surface Water, Wastewater, and Groundwater." Water 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 3082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193082.
Full textAbstract:
Pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and oil spills are the most hazardous contaminants in aquatic environments. The COVID-19 pandemic enhanced pharmaceutical and microplastic contamination in aquatic environments. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pharmaceutical and microplastic pollution on a global scale. This study assessed the results of pharmaceutical contamination in 25 countries and microplastic pollution in 13 countries. The findings show that pharmaceutical residues were detected in surface water, groundwater, and wastewater influents and effluents. In total, 43 types of pharmaceutical products were detected in 25 countries. Caffeine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazole, and carbamazepine were the most abundant. In total, 32 types of polymers were detected in 13 countries. In the case of microplastics, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate were the more abundant polymers. Particles with a size of 1–2.5 mm and 2.5–5 mm accounted for half of the microplastics present in 13 countries. This study provides new evidence of the importance of emerging pollutants in aquatic environments before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.