Journal articles: 'Microparticulate dosage'

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Kokate, Shekhar, and Punit R. Rachh. "Microparticulate hot melt pallets technology: a review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6-s (December 15, 2018): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2131.

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Recent advances in novel drug delivery (NDDS) aims to enhance safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for ease of administration and to achieve better patient compliance. Depending upon functionality, it is possible to design different dosages forms which fulfill the therapeutic needs of the patient with improved bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs, taste masking and preparation of oral dispersible tablets, MUPS and multiple unit formulations. The hot-melt technology is one of the most commonly used method, is devoid of solvent use, solvent disposal, solvent evaporation and solvent treatment is not required. Keywords: Multiple Unit Pallet Systems, Lipid, Solubility, Hot-Melt Technology, Bioavailability, Absorption of Drug.

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Chikukwa, Mellisa T. R., Roderick B. Walker, and Sandile M. M. Khamanga. "Formulation and Characterisation of a Combination Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Microparticulate Dosage Form." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080712.

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Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and cardiac failure in South African children and adolescents are effectively managed long term, using a combination treatment of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide. The majority of commercially available pharmaceutical products are designed for adult patients and require extemporaneous manipulation, prior to administration to paediatric patients. There is a need to develop an age appropriate microparticulate dosing technology that is easy to swallow, dose and alter doses whilst overcoming the pharmacokinetic challenges of short half-life and biphasic pharmacokinetic disposition exhibited by hydrochlorothiazide and captopril. An emulsion solvent evaporation approach using different combinations of polymers was used to manufacture captopril and hydrochlorothiazide microparticles. Design of experiments was used to develop and analyse experimental data, and identifyoptimum formulation and process conditions for the preparation of the microparticles. Characterisation studies to establish encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release, shape, size and morphology of the microparticles were undertaken. The microparticles produced were in the micrometre size range, with an encapsulation efficiency >75% for both hydrochlorothiazide and captopril. The microparticulate technology is able to offer potential resolution to the half-life mediated dosing frequency of captopril as sustained release of the molecule was observed over a 12-h period. The release of hydrochlorothiazide of >80% suggests an improvement in solubility limited dissolution.

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Fathima, A., B. N. Vedha Hari, and D. Ramya Devi. "Development of Microparticulate Sustained Release Dosage Form of Emtricitabine: An Anti-HIV Drug." Asian Journal of Chemistry 26, no. 9 (2014): 2604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.15757.

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Sah, Shiv Kumar, Mrs Vasia, Rajkumar Prasad Yadav, Sunny Patel, and Mukesh Sharma. "Microsphere Overview." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 4 (August 14, 2021): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i4.1003.

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The aim of developing continuous or managed delivery mechanisms has always been to minimise dosage duration, resulting in improved patient compliance and less side effects. Microspheres have been shown to minimise dosage, side effects, administration frequency, and the risk of dose dumping. As a result, patient compliance has improved.Targeted drug delivery mechanisms aim for a specific location in the body to maximise drug concentration in a specific tissue or organ, thus improving the drug's therapeutic effectiveness. Microspheres have promised targeted or managed drug distribution in the body for decades, and have shown to be superior to traditional drug delivery. The goal of this review different aspects of the microparticulate drug delivery system along with types of microspheres and methods of preparation and different applications as targeted or controlled drug delivery system.

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Lukova, Paolina, Plamen Katsarov, and Bissera Pilicheva. "Application of Starch, Cellulose, and Their Derivatives in the Development of Microparticle Drug-Delivery Systems." Polymers 15, no. 17 (August 31, 2023): 3615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173615.

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Micro- and nanotechnologies have been intensively studied in recent years as novel platforms for targeting and controlling the delivery of various pharmaceutical substances. Microparticulate drug delivery systems for oral, parenteral, or topical administration are multiple unit formulations, considered as powerful therapeutic tools for the treatment of various diseases, providing sustained drug release, enhanced drug stability, and precise dosing and directing the active substance to specific sites in the organism. The properties of these pharmaceutical formulations are highly dependent on the characteristics of the polymers used as drug carriers for their preparation. Starch and cellulose are among the most preferred biomaterials for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of toxicity. These polysaccharides and their derivatives, like dextrins (maltodextrin, cyclodextrins), ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxy methylcellulose, etc., have been widely used in pharmaceutical technology as excipients for the preparation of solid, semi-solid, and liquid dosage forms. Due to their accessibility and relatively easy particle-forming properties, starch and cellulose are promising materials for designing drug-loaded microparticles for various therapeutic applications. This study aims to summarize some of the basic characteristics of starch and cellulose derivatives related to their potential utilization as microparticulate drug carriers in the pharmaceutical field.

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Gupta, Manish Kumar, Deepak Prakash, and Brahmeshwar Mishra. "Biodegradable microparticulate drug delivery system of diltiazem HCl." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 48, no. 4 (December 2012): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502012000400014.

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The efficacy of a drug in a specific application requires the maintenance of appropriate drug blood level concentration during a prolonged period of time. Controlled release delivery is available for many routes of administration and offers many advantages (as microparticles and nanoparticles) over immediate release delivery. These advantages include reduced dosing frequency, better therapeutic control, fewer side effects, and, consequently, these dosage forms are well accepted by patients. Advances in polymer material science, particle engineering design, manufacture, and nanotechnology have led the way to the introduction of several marketed controlled release products and several more are in pre-clinical and clinical development. The objective of this work is to prepare and evaluate diltiazem HCl loaded albumin microparticles using a factorial design. Albumin (natural polymer) microparticles were prepared by emulsion heat-stabilization method. Selected formulations were characterized for their entrapment efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, and release behavior. Analysis of variance for entrapment efficiency indicates that entrapment efficiency is best fitted to a response surface linear model. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy of the microparticles revealed a spherical, nonporous and uniform appearance, with a smooth surface. The geometric mean diameter of the microparticles was found to be 2-9 µm, which more than 75% were below 3.5 µm and drug incorporation efficiency of 59.74 to 72.48% (w/w). In vitro release profile for formulations containing diltiazem HCl loaded BSA microparticles with heat stabilization technique shows slow controlled the release of the drug up to 24 hours. The release pattern was biphasic, characterized by an initial burst effect followed by a slow release. All selected microparticles exhibited a prolonged release for almost 24 hours. On comparing regression-coefficient (r²) values for Hixson Crowel, Higuchi and Peppas kinetic models, different batches of microparticles showed Fickian, non-Fickian, and diffusion kinetics. The release mechanism was regulated by D:P ratio. From the statistical analysis it was observed that as the drug:polymer (D:P) ratio increased, there was a significant increase in the encapsulation efficiency. Based on the particle size, entrapment efficiency and physical appearance, DTM-3 formulations were selected for in vivo release study and stability study. The in vivo result of drug loaded microparticles showed preferential drug targeting to liver followed by lungs, kidneys and spleen. Stability studies showed that maximum drug content and closest in vitro release to initial data were found in the formulation stored at 4 ºC. In present study, diltiazem HCl loaded BSA microparticles were prepared and targeted to various organs to satisfactory level and were found to be stable at 4 ºC.

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Shah, Pervaiz Akhtar, Sajid Bashir, Muhammad Ahsan, Nasir Abbas, Muhammad Zubair Malik, and Hafiz Muhammad Irfan Nazar. "Bioequivalence evaluation of new microparticulate capsule and marketed tablet dosage forms of lornoxicam in healthy volunteers." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 15, no. 4 (May 10, 2016): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v15i4.30.

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Kumar, Tarun, Rimpy Pahwa, and Munish Ahuja. "Grewia asiatica linn. root extract loaded suspension, microparticulate and nanosuspension dosage form: fabrication, characterization and anthelmintic evaluation." ACTA Pharmaceutica Sciencia 60, no. 4 (2022): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.23893/1307-2080.aps6024.

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Svedberg, Anna, and Tom Lindström. "A pilot web former designed to study retention-formation relationships." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 25, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2010-25-02-p185-194.

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Abstract A pilot-scale fourdrinier former has been developed for the purpose of investigating the relationship between retention and paper formation (features, retention aids, dosage points, etc.). The main objective of this publication was to present the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine and demonstrate some of its fields of applications. For a fine paper stock (90% hardwood and 10% softwood) with addition of 25% filler (based on total solids content), the relationship between retention and formation was investigated for a microparticulate retention aid (cationic polyacrylamide together with anionic montmorillonite clay). The retention-formation relationship of the retention aid system was investigated after choosing standardized machine operating conditions (e.g. the jet-to-wire speed ratio). As expected, the formation was impaired when the retention was increased. Since good reproducibility was attained, the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine was found to be a useful tool for studying the relationship between retention and paper formation.

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Ghosh, Amitava, and Prithviraj Chakraborty. "Formulation and Mathematical Optimization of Controlled Release Calcium Alginate Micro Pellets of Frusemide." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/819674.

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Objective. Frusemide loaded calcium alginate micropellets, an oral microparticulate delivery system, was statistically optimized exhibiting prolonged therapeutic action minimizing its adverse effects.Methods. Ionotropic Gelation technique was adopted employing 32Factorial designs and keeping the entire process free from organic solvents. Physicochemical and the release characteristics of the prepared formulations were studied, keeping variations only in sodium alginate (primary polymer) and Acrycoat E30D (copolymer) dispersion.Result. Sodium alginate was predominant over Acrycoat E30D in all batches. Nonadditives or interaction was observed to be insignificant. Multiple regressions produced second-order polynomial equation, and the predictive results obtained were validated with high degree of correlation. Thein vivostudy applauded that optimized calcium alginate micropellets of frusemide can produce a much greater diuretic effect over an extended period of 24 hours.Conclusion. This study reveals that the potential of a single dose of the mathematically optimized micro pellets of frusemide formulation is sufficient in the management of peripheral edema and ascites in congestive heart failure and as well in the treatment of chronic hypertension, leading to better patient compliance, and can be produced with minimum experimentation and time, proving far more cost-effective formulation than the conventional methods of formulating dosage forms.

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Soni, Mohnish, Arti Majumdar, and Neelesh Malviya. "MUCOADHESIVE CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES OF GEFITINIB." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 5 (September 15, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i5.29686.

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Objective: Gefitinib, Epidermal Growth Factor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR-TKI); has promisingly shown activity against Non-Small-Scale Lung Cancer. Currently, the formulations of this drug available are in Tablets, Capsules and liposomal suspensions taken by the oral route. These have certain disadvantages in gastrointestinal disorders like irritation of GI mucosal layer, bleeding, non-patient compliance and low bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility and thus low bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate Chitosan-based Microparticles of Gefitinib for maintaining the therapeutic index and limits its side effects.Methods: Chitosan microspheres cross-linked with glutaraldehyde were prepared by solvent evaporation technique which is then analyzed for its particle size, encapsulation efficiency, swelling index.Results: The release rate of the drug can be increased by using chitosan-based carrier system which will enhance its bioavailability. By this work, the anticancer activity of Gefitinib in non-small-scale lung cancer will be successfully determined.Conclusion: It has been concluded that microspheres can be prepared by solvent evaporation technique by varying the concentration of chitosan and tween-20. Chitosan used in this work is of 85 % degree of deacetylation, 25 % solution of Gluteraldehyde suitable for the formulation of these microspheres. Optimized temperature was selected as 65 °C, and the rotation speed was taken as 1200 rpm. Finally, the objectives planned for this research work was performed and evaluated and shown promising results as the dosing frequency is reduced and maximize for 3 d rather than once in a day as per the current formulation available in the market now with a low dosage regimen of 100 mg of dosage strength, administer by pulmonary route. Microparticulate drug delivery system from microspheres is able to deliver the drug in a sustained release manner for the long period of time successfully.

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Uddin, Mohammad Nasir, Amanda Allon, Monzurul A. Roni, and Samir Kouzi. "Overview and Future Potential of Fast Dissolving Buccal Films as Drug Delivery System for Vaccines." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 22 (August 5, 2019): 388–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/jpps30528.

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Vaccination is considered one of the most successful public health interventions of the modern era. Vaccines are categorized based on the antigen used, delivery system and the route of administration. Traditional vaccines are produced from the dead, attenuated or inactivated pathogens that cause disease. However, newly developed vaccines are DNA based, liposome based, and virus like particle (VLP) based which are more effective and specific to some malignant diseases. The delivery system of vaccines has been advanced along with time as well. New delivery systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, or cells (for DNA) has been proven to develop a more efficient vaccine. Most vaccines are administered via intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SQ) or oral (PO) route. However, these routes of administration have limitations and side effects. An alternative route could be oral cavity administration such as buccal or sublingual administration using film dosage form as delivery vehicle. In this article, we thoroughly reviewed the possibility of developing a quickly soluble film-based delivery system for vaccine administration. We reviewed the different types of new vaccines and vaccine formulations such as VLP based, liposome, bilosome, particulate, and summarized their suitability for use in a film dosage form. Quickly soluble film dosage form is the most optimized form of buccal administration. A film dosage form applied in the buccal cavity has several advantages: they can avoid first pass effect, they are easy to administer and prepare, and they are more cost effective. Since there is no first pass effect, only a small quantity of the vaccine is needed. Vaccines in their original form or in a nano or microparticulate form can be used in a film. The film can also be developed in multilayers to protect the vaccine from degradation by saliva or swallowing. Films are easy to prepare, administer, and can be used for systemic and local action. In addition, most of the current vaccines use mostly the parenteral route of administration, which has some major drawbacks such as poor induction of mucosal immunity, less patient compliant, less potent, high cost and cumbersome production process. Sublingual and buccal vaccine delivery can be good alternatives as they are easier to prepare and safer than parenteral administration routes. The buccal and sublingual administration have the advantage to produce both systemic and mucosal immunity.

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Thadanki*, Madhuri Latha. "Formulation and evaluation of sustained release saxagliptin microspheres by ionotropic gelation method." International Journal of Bioassays 6, no. 03 (February 28, 2017): 5328. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.03.0010.

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The objective of the current investigation is to reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by designing and systematically evaluating sustained release microspheres of an antidiabetic agent, saxagliptin. Saxagliptin microspheres were formulated using sodium alginate as the controlled release polymer by ionotropic gelation technique. The polymer sodium alginate alone and along with different coating polymers like pectin, ethyl cellulose was used in different ratios (1:1,1:1.5, 1:2 ) to formulate batches F1 to F9. The resulting microspheres were evaluated for particle size, densities, flow properties, morphology, recovery yield, drug content, drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release behavior. The formulated microspheres were discrete, spherical with relatively smooth surface, and with good flow properties. The drug entrapment efficiency obtained in the range 70.4% to 95.2%.Among different formulations, the fabricated microspheres of batch F3 had shown the optimum percent drug encapsulation of microspheres and the sustained release of the saxagliptin for about 9 h. In vitro study showed that drug release slowly increases as the pH of the medium is increased. Release pattern of saxagliptin from microspheres of batch F3 followed Higuchi model and zero-order release kinetic model. The value of ‘n’ was found to be 0.867. The data obtained thus suggest that a microparticulate system can be successfully designed for sustained delivery of saxagliptin and to improve dosage form characteristics for easy formulation.

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Alai, Milind, and Wen Jen Lin. "A novel once daily microparticulate dosage form comprising lansoprazole to prevent nocturnal acid breakthrough in the case of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: preparation, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation." Journal of Microencapsulation 30, no. 6 (January 8, 2013): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2012.758180.

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Yamazaki, Moe, Emi Shimamura, Takehisa Hanawa, and Yayoi Kawano. "Microparticulated Mefenamic Acid with High Dispersion Stability for Pediatric Dosage Form." Children 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9060861.

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Mefenamic acid (MFA), a water-insoluble drug, is used as a suspension in the medical field, but it requires shaking before using to disperse MFA content in the suspension. In previous studies, trials to prepare MFA suspension with high dispersion stability by atomizing MFA by the wet-milling method. However, HPC is used for atomizing MFA. Therefore, the optimum concentration and molecular weight for atomizing MFA have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the optimum molecular weight and concentration of HPC for the micronization of MFA. As a result, MFA particles became fine particles by adding SDS, and the particle size was also smaller than that of HPC alone. In addition, the suspension with the highest dispersion stability can be obtained when a mixed solution of 1.0% HPC-SL and 0.12% SDS aqueous solution is used. Therefore, this study considers that the addition of SDS and 1.0% HPC-SL aqueous solution are optimal for improving the dispersion stability of the MFA suspension.

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Raghuvanshi, Smita, and Kamla Pathak. "Recent Advances in Delivery Systems and Therapeutics of Cinnarizine: A Poorly Water Soluble Drug with Absorption Window in Stomach." Journal of Drug Delivery 2014 (November 13, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/479246.

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Low solubility causing low dissolution in gastrointestinal tract is the major problem for drugs meant for systemic action after oral administration, like cinnarizine. Pharmaceutical products of cinnarizine are commercialized globally as immediate release preparations presenting low absorption with low and erratic bioavailability. Approaches to enhance bioavailability are widely cited in the literature. An attempt has been made to review the bioavailability complications and clinical therapeutics of poorly water soluble drug: cinnarizine. The interest of writing this paper is to summarize the pharmacokinetic limitations of drug with special focus on strategies to improvise bioavailability along with effectiveness of novel dosage forms to circumvent the obstacle. The paper provides insight to the approaches to overcome low and erratic bioavailability of cinnarizine by cyclodextrin complexes and novel dosage forms: self-nanoemulsifying systems and buoyant microparticulates. Nanoformulations need to systematically explored in future, for their new clinical role in prophylaxis of migraine attacks in children. Clinical reports have affirmed the role of cinnarizine in migraine prophylaxis. Research needs to be dedicated to develop dosage forms for efficacious bioavailability and drug directly to brain.

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Ivancic, Albert, Fliur Macaev, Fatma Aksakal, Veaceslav Boldescu, Serghei Pogrebnoi, and Gheorghe Duca. "Preparation of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticles loaded with anti-tuberculosis compounds." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (August 24, 2016): 1208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.112.

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This paper describes the synthesis and application of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticulate systems loaded with isoniazid (INH) and isoconazole nitrate (ISN) as antimycobacterial compounds. Preparation and morphology of the obtained particles, as well as antimycobacterial activity data of the obtained systems are presented. Docking of isoconazole into the active site of enoyl–acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) of Mycobacetrium tuberculosis was carried out in order to predict the binding affinity and non-covalent interactions stabilizing the InhA–isoconazole complex. To assess these interactions, frontier molecular orbital calculations were performed for the active site of InhA and isoconazole obtained from docking. Isoconazole was predicted to be an active inhibitor of InhA with the analysis of the molecular docking and electron density distribution. It has been detected that alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin microparticulate systems loaded with INH and ISN are as effective as pure INH applied in higher dosages.

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Montagne, P., M. L. Cuillière, E. Marchal, N. El Bari, M. Montagne, M. Benali, G. Faure, et al. "Application des dosages par immunonéphélémétrie microparticulaire des caséines α, β et Κ à l'évaluation de la qualité du lait, de sa production à sa valorisation fromagère." Le Lait 75, no. 3 (1995): 211–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lait:1995315.

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Rafiee, Mona Hassan, and Bazigha K. Abdul Rasool. "An Overview of Microparticulate Drug Delivery System and its Extensive Therapeutic Applications in Diabetes." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, October 4, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/apb.2022.075.

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Microparticulate drug delivery system (MDDS) has attained much consideration in the modern era due to its effectiveness in overcoming traditional treatment problems. Microparticles are spherical particles of a diameter ranging from 10 μm to 1000 μm. Microparticles can encapsulate both water-soluble and insoluble compounds. MDDS proved their efficacy in improving drugs bioavailability, stability, targeting, and controlling their release patterns. Microparticles also offer comfort, easy administration, and improvement in patient compliance by reducing drugs toxicity and dosage frequency. This review elucidates the fabrication techniques, drug release, and therapeutic application of MDDS. Further details concerning the therapeutic applications of antidiabetic drugs-loaded microparticles were also reviewed, including controlling drugs release by gastroretention, improving drugs dissolution, reducing side effects, localizing drugs to the site of disease, improving insulin stability, natural products loaded with microparticles, sustained drug release, mucosal delivery, and administration routes. Additionally, the current situation and future prospects in developing microparticles loaded with antidiabetic drugs were discussed.

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Kundu, Rajshekhar, Avinab Das, Sourav Maity, Mainak Chakraborty Nilanjan Sarkar, and Swarupananda Mukherjee. "Formulation and evaluation of polymeric microspheres of a poorly soluble drug celecoxib." International journal of health sciences, July 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns4.10717.

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The aim of this present work was to formulate microspheres of BCS Class II drug Celecoxib. The drug was identified by melting point study and FT-IR spectroscopy. Therapeutic success of a drug is greatly depended on its bioavailability. Majority of the recently discovered drugs shows poor solubility (BCS Class II) which decreases the bioavailability upon oral administration. Microspheres are a novel technique to circumvent this obstacle, which can increase bioavailability of drugs significantly. Polymeric microspheres with Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Eudragit L-100, prepared by Emulsion Solvent Diffusion and Evaporation technique, showed a range of drug release profile at intestinal pH 6.8. Different batches of microspheres were prepared by varying the drug-polymer ratio. Microparticulate systems like microspheres improve absorption which increases the bioavailability, ultimately leading to more efficient drug therapy. The microsphere system also provides protection to the gastric mucosa from GIT-irritant drugs thus decreasing toxic effects and sustained releases allows lower dosage frequency. Prepared microspheres were evaluated on various parameters like entrapment efficiency, %yield, particle size, scanning electron microscope analysis, and in-vitro drug release profile. Solid spherical microspheres were produced which showed good entrapment efficiency (43%-91%) and released 70-90% of the drug content in 10hrs.

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Raja, Pavan M. V., Jennifer Connolley, Lijie Ci, Gopal P. Ganesan, Pulickel M. Ajayan, Omkaram Nalamasu, and Deanna M. Thompson. "Interactions of Carbon Nanomaterials With Mammalian Cells." MRS Proceedings 951 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0951-e04-08.

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ABSTRACTDespite their diverse application potential, carbon nanotubes (CNT) have adverse effects in vitro, and in vivo. Previous research has focused on the in vitro cytotoxic impact of CNT aggregates and associated nanoparticulate impurities. In this study, we compared the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) aggregates, and their associated finely dispersed, non-aggregated carbon nanomaterials on rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC), through filtration of the aggregates from the CNT-treated cell culture media. In general, our research shows that the removal of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) aggregates from cell culture test media inhibited the growth in SMC to a lower extent than the corresponding unfiltered media at pre-filtered SWNT dosages below 0.10 mg/ml. We also found suspended nanoparticles (likely amorphous and graphitic carbon associated with the SWNT) and a small quantity of SWNT in the filtered media may have contributed to the observed cell growth inhibition by the filtered media. In addition, we compared the effect of SWNT, a nano-sized material, with activated carbon (AC), a nanoporous, microparticulate material, on SMC growth. AC (0.1 mg/ml) was found to be less inhibitory to SMC growth than the SWNT aggregates and suspended matter (0.1 mg/ml), potentially implying an inverse proportionality between carbon nanomaterial size regimes and cell growth inhibition.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microparticulate dosage'

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