Journal articles: 'Microorganisms'

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Reni Ustiatik, Yulia Nuraini, Suharjono, and Eko Handayanto. "Isolation of Mercury-Resistant Endophytic and Rhizosphere Microorganisms from Grasses in Abandoned Gold Mining Area." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 49, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v49i1.32356.

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There were about 900 hotspots of artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia that recovered gold through amalgamation and cyanidation techniques. Amalgamation technique causes mercury (Hg) pollution to the soil. This study was a preliminary study that aimed to isolate Hg-resistant endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms from pioneer grasses in the Hg-polluted soil. The most potential microorganism will be used for Hg phytoremediation in the future study. Pioneer grasses were collected from the abandoned gold mining area in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Total microorganisms were counted using Colony Forming Unit (CFU) or Standard Plate Count. The microorganism colony was characterized based on morphological characteristics. Hg-resistant endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms were successfully isolated from pioneer grass (Cynodon dactylon and Eleusine indica) in the study site. The colonies of rhizosphere microorganisms were diverse morphologically compared to endophytic microorganisms based on the number of isolated microorganisms, 20 isolates and 17 isolates, respectively. The density of rhizosphere microorganisms was higher (96%) than endophytic microorganisms (4%). The density of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi were 47x103 and 2x103 CFU g-1, respectively. However, the density of endophytic bacteria and fungi were only 2x103 and 1x103 CFU g-1, respectively. Keywords: endophytic microorganism, Hg-resistant, microorganism density, rhizosphere microorganism

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Pedraza, Raúl O., Kátia R. S. Teixeira, Ana Fernández Scavino, Inés García De Salamone, Beatriz E. Baca, Rosario Azcón, Vera L. D. Baldani, and Ruth Bonilla. "Microorganismos que mejoran el crecimiento de las plantas y la calidad de los suelos. Revisión." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 11, no. 2 (November 29, 2010): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol11_num2_art:206.

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El presente artículo surge de la revisión de la teoría y temas prácticos desarrollados durante el curso”Caracterización y contribución de las plantas que promueven el crecimiento de microorganismos en la sostenibilidad de la agricultura”, llevado a cabo en el Laboratorio de Microbiología de Suelos de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), ubicado en Mosquera (Cundinamarca), Colombia, en julio de 2010. Esta actividad fue desarrollada en el marco de la Red Dimiagri que incluye a investigadores de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, España, Guatemala, México y Uruguay, reunidos en una acción de coordinación financiada por el Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (Cyted). Los aspectos inherentes al crecimiento y la sanidad vegetal, el sistema radical, el suelo circundante (rizósfera), los microorganismos asociados en ese sistema y su contribución al manejo sustentable del complejo suelo-planta fueron analizados en este trabajo. También se abordan temas como la biodiversidad microbiana y su efecto en la calidad del suelo; el ciclado de nutrientes del suelo por acción microbiológica; la importancia de los microorganismos en la promoción del crecimiento vegetal y su utilización biotecnológica como alternativa para favorecer la sustentabilidad y calidad de los suelos. Además se pretende interiorizar en los conceptos relacionados con el consorcio suelo-planta-microorganismo y el objetivo de mitigar el impacto ambiental negativo causado por el uso excesivo de insumos químicos en los cultivos agrícolas, mediante la utilización de microorganismos promotores del crecimiento vegetal, que incluyen tanto a bacterias como a hongos benéficos asociados con las raíces de las plantas. Microorganisms that enhance plant growth and soil quality. ReviewThe present article of revision arise from theory and practical subjects developed during the course “Characterization and contribution of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in the agricultural sustainability” carried out in the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology of the Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research (Corpoica) located in Mosquera (Cundinamarca), Colombia, in July 2010. This activity is in the framework of the Dimiagri network that includes researchers from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Spain, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay, gathered in a Coordination Action funded by the Iberoamerican Program of Science and Technology for the Development (Cyted). Aspects inherent to the growth and plant health, root system, the surrounding soil (rhizosphere), microorganisms that system partners and their contribution to sustainable management of soil-plant were analyzed in this work. Topics related to the microbial biodiversity and its effect on soil quality; nutrient cycling in the soil by microbiological activity; the importance of microorganisms in plant growthpromotion and their biotechnological application as an alternative to favor sustainability and soil quality were presented. The aim of this review is to show important concepts related to the soil-plant-microorganism system, which will allow to achieve the general objective: to mitigate the negative environmental impact due to the excessive use of chemical products on agricultural crops by using plant growth-promoting microorganisms, including bacteria and beneficial fungi associated to plant roots.

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Švedienė, Jurgita, Vitalij Novickij, Rokas Žalnėravičius, Vita Raudonienė, Svetlana Markovskaja, Jurij Novickij, and Algimantas Paškevičius. "Antimicrobial Activity of L-Lysine and Poly-L-Lysine with Pulsed Electric Fields." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 2708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062708.

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For the first time, the possibility to use L-lysine (Lys) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) as additives with pulsed electric fields (PEF) for antimicrobial treatment is reported. The antimicrobial efficacy of Lys and PLL for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans was determined. Inactivation of microorganisms was also studied by combining Lys and PLL with PEF of 15 and 30 kV/cm. For PEF treatment, pulses of 0.5, 1, 10 or 100 μs were applied in a sequence of 10 to 5000 at 1 kHz frequency. The obtained results showed that 100 μs pulses were the most effective in combination with Lys and PLL for all microorganisms. Equivalent energy PEF bursts with a shorter duration of the pulse were less effective independently on PEF amplitude. Additionally, various treatment susceptibility patterns of microorganisms were determined and reported. In this study, the Gram-negative E. coli was the most treatment-resistant microorganism. Nevertheless, inactivation rates exceeding 2 log viability reduction were achieved for all analyzed yeast, fungi, and bacteria. This methodology could be used for drug-resistant microorganism’s new treatment development.

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Gladkov, Evgeny A., Dmitry V. Tereshonok, Anna Y. Stepanova, and Olga V. Gladkova. "Plant–Microbe Interactions under the Action of Heavy Metals and under the Conditions of Flooding." Diversity 15, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020175.

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Heavy metals and flooding are among the primary environmental factors affecting plants and microorganisms. This review separately considers the impact of heavy metal contamination of soils on microorganisms and plants, on plant and microbial biodiversity, and on plant–microorganism interactions. The use of beneficial microorganisms is considered one of the most promising methods of increasing stress tolerance since plant-associated microbes reduce metal accumulation, so the review focuses on plant–microorganism interactions and their practical application in phytoremediation. The impact of flooding as an adverse environmental factor is outlined. It has been shown that plants and bacteria under flooding conditions primarily suffer from a lack of oxygen and activation of anaerobic microflora. The combined effects of heavy metals and flooding on microorganisms and plants are also discussed. In conclusion, we summarize the combined effects of heavy metals and flooding on microorganisms and plants.

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Linde, Thiago de Nuno Mendes Pery de, Fernando Neves Pinto, Hugo Vidaurre Mendes, and Mirian Araujo Carlos Crapez. "Microorganismos para a sustentabilidade ambiental / Microorganisms for environmental sustainability." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 3 (March 12, 2022): 17890–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n3-158.

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Gaucin Gutiérrez, Susana Citlaly, Juan Antonio Rojas-Contreras, David Enrique Zazueta-Álvarez, Efren Delgado, Perla Guadalupe Vázquez Ortega, Hiram Medrano Roldán, and Damián Reyes Jáquez. "Exploration of In Vitro Voltage Production by a Consortium of Chemolithotrophic Microorganisms Using Galena (PbS) as a Sulphur Source." Clean Technologies 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2024): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol6010005.

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Sulphur plays a fundamental role in the biological processes of chemolithotrophic microorganisms. Due to the redox characteristics of sulphur, microorganisms use it for metabolic processes. Such is the case of the dissimilatory processes in the anaerobic respiration of reducing microorganisms. The production of electrical energy from the metabolism of native microorganisms using sulphur as substrate from inorganic mineral sources in the form of Galena (PbS) was achieved using MR mineral medium with 15% (w/v) of PbS mineral concentrate. At 400 h of growth, the highest voltage produced in an experimental unit under anaerobic conditions was 644 mV. The inoculum was composed of microorganisms with spiral morphology, and at the final stages of energy production, the only microorganism identified was Bacillus clausii. This microorganism has not been reported in bioelectrochemical systems, but it has been reported to be present in corrosive environments and reducing anoxic environments.

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Kuncoro, Aldi Suryo, Kus Hendarto, Fitri Yelli, and R. A. Diana Widyastuti. "Pengaruh Berbagai Jenis Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) dan Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Varietas 'Kristal' pada Fase Pembibitan." JURNAL AGROTROPIKA 21, no. 1 (May 12, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ja.v21i1.5421.

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This study aims to determine the effect of providing various planting media and local microorganisms on the growth of 'Kristal' guava seeds and the interaction between the provision of various planting media and local microorganisms on the growth of 'Kristal' guava seedlings. This research was conducted at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from September 2020 to March 2021. The treatments were arranged in a factorial (2x4) in a completely randomized design (CRD) which was repeated 3 times. The first factor was planting media (M) which consisted of (M1) soil and rice husks, (M2) soil and mushroom baglog. The second factor is the type of local microorganism (MOL) (P) which consists of 4 levels, namely (P1) local microorganism EM4, (P2) local microorganism of banana weevil, (P3) local microorganism of coconut fiber, and (P4) local microorganism of cow dung. The results of the study which were tested by analysis on all variables stated that the presentation of various different media affected the increase in plant height and the treatment of different microorganisms affected the increase in leaves and leaf chlorophyll, the increase in shoot growth area, the interaction between various growing media and local microorganisms. Keywords : Guava, planting media,local microorganism, growth

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Rozaik, Ehab, and Safwat Mahmoud. "Growth Inhibition of Various Pathogenic Microorganisms Using Effective Microorganisms (EM)." International Journal of Research and Engineering 4, no. 12 (January 4, 2018): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijre.2017.4.12.2.

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Mahmoud, Safwat, and Ehab Rozaik. "Growth Inhibition of Various Pathogenic Microorganisms Using Effective Microorganisms (EM)." International Journal of Research and Engineering 4, no. 12 (January 5, 2018): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijre.2018.5.1.2.

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Li, Xue, Chongling Feng, Min Lei, Kun Luo, Lingyu Wang, Renguo Liu, Yuanyuan Li, and Yining Hu. "Bioremediation of organic/heavy metal contaminants by mixed cultures of microorganisms: A review." Open Chemistry 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 793–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0198.

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Abstract Although microbial remediation has been widely used in the bioremediation of various contaminants, in practical applications of biological remediation, pure cultures of microorganisms are seriously limited by their adaptability, efficiency, and capacity to handle multiple contaminants. Mixed cultures of microorganisms involve the symbiosis of two or more microorganisms. Such cultures exhibit a collection of the characteristics of each microorganism species or strain, showing enormous potential in the bioremediation of organic or heavy metal pollutants. The present review focuses on the mixed cultures of microorganisms, demonstrating its importance and summarizing the advantages of mixed cultures of microorganisms in bioremediation. Furthermore, the internal and external relations of mixed culture microorganisms were analyzed with respect to their involvement in the removal process to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

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Jan-Roblero, Janet, Juan A. Cruz-Maya, and Juan C. Cancino-Diaz. "Novel Molecular Techniques for Identifying Agricultural Microorganisms." Agriculture 14, no. 7 (June 25, 2024): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14070987.

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Agriculture involves activities aimed at improving soil quality for food production. In this environment, microorganisms play a vital role, positively and/or negatively affecting plant growth. Given this impact, knowing the microbiota associated with agricultural systems and phytopathogens is crucial. The microbial culture method has proven ineffective in identifying microorganisms in agricultural systems, and more effective methods with greater scope for their identification currently exist. This review compiles updated information on new methods for studying microorganisms in the agricultural system, such as metagenomics, and new proposals for microorganism identification methods, such as Raman spectrometry, nanotechnology, and phytopathogen biosensors. In addition, it discusses the strengths and limitations of the new methods for microorganism identification.

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Jeksen, Julianus, and Charly Mutiara. "PENGARUH SUMBER BAHAN ORGANIK YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP KUALITAS PEMBUATAN MIKROORGANISME LOKAL (MOL)." AGRICA 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v11i1.23.

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This study aims to determine the content of microorganisms from local microorganisms and determine their quality. This research is a descriptive study, where the results of the analysis of microbial content are described by the standard microbial content in Local Microorganisms. The results showed that Local Microorganisms from the leaves of Kirinyu, Gamal, Lamtoro and vegetables wastes contained Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces mushrooms, Actinomycetes fungi, and phosphate solvent bacteria (BPF). Local microorganisms from these materials have not been able to produce good quality because they are still lower than the minimum technical requirements based on Minister of Agriculture Regulation number 70 of 2011, while Saccharomyces mushroom microorganism content, pH and phosphate solvent bacteria (BPF) are in accordance with technical requirements all types of local microorganisms positively contain phosphate solvent bacteria (BPF).

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Nottingham, Charles U., Mark A. Assmus, Alexander W. Peters, Tim Large, Deepak K. Agarwal, Marcelino E. Rivera, and Amy E. Krambeck. "Next generation sequencing in patients with nephrolithiasis: how does it perform compared with standard urine and stone cultures?" Therapeutic Advances in Urology 13 (January 2021): 175628722199497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756287221994972.

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Background: Our aim was to compare microorganism detection between standard culture (Ctx) and next generation sequencing (NGS) in patients undergoing surgery for nephrolithiasis; we prospectively compared both urine and stone culture results using these two techniques. Methods: We prospectively compared microorganism detection of urine and stone cultures using Ctx versus NGS in patients undergoing surgery for nephrolithiasis. We analyzed preoperative voided urine (Voided) using both Ctx and NGS. Intraoperatively, renal stone (Stone) cultures were analyzed with Ctx and NGS. The primary outcome was concordance in microorganism detection between Voided Ctx and Stone NGS, as well as between Stone Ctx and Stone NGS. Results: We prospectively evaluated 84 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of Voided Ctx predicting Stone Ctx were 66.7%, 73.7%, 54.5%, and 82.4%, respectively. Concordance of Voided Ctx microorganisms to Stone microorganisms decreased when NGS was used for the Stone compared with Ctx. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of Voided NGS to predict Stone Ctx microorganisms were 85.2%, 24.6%, 34.8%, and 77.8%, respectively. The concordance of Voided NGS to Stone microorganisms improved when the Stone was analyzed via NGS compared with Ctx. Conclusion: NGS has a higher detection rate of microorganisms than standard culture for both preoperative urine and stone cultures. Voided NGS was the most sensitive in predicting a positive Stone sample, but the specificity and PPV were, overall, low. Further correlation of NGS microorganism detection with patient outcomes will determine which clinical situations may benefit most from NGS versus standard culture in patients with urinary-tract stones.

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Hirata, Tsuyoshi, Kiyoshi Kawamura, Kazuyoshi Yano, Mitsumi Kaneko, Takeo Moniwa, Kohji Tosa, and Katsuhisa Taguchi. "Removal Efficiencies of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment Processes." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 7 (October 1, 1993): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0142.

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The removal characteristics of indigenous microorganisms in wastewater treatment unit processes were studied at five operating wastewater treatment plants. The removal efficiencies of the selected microorganisms in each unit process were dependent upon not only the systems but also the kinds of microorganisms. In almost all processes, the removal efficiencies of total coliforms were similar to or higher than those of Clostridium perfringens except for filtration processes. In the additional survey, focussed on the comparison of removal efficiencies of total coliforms, Cl. perfringens and coliphages, little difference was found between CL perfringens and coliphages. From these results, it may be suggested that CL Perfringens is an effective indicator microorganism for evaluating microorganism removal in wastewater treatment processes and systems.

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Parmar, Amit, Rakesh Choudhary, and Krishna Agarwal. "Magnetohydrodynamics Williamson Fluid Comprising Gyrotactic Microorganisms Flows Through a Permeable Stretching Layer with Variable Fluid Properties." Journal of Nanofluids 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jon.2020.1762.

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The present study shows the impacts of Williamson fluid with magnetohydrodynamics flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms under the variable fluid property past permeable stretching sheet. Variable Prandtl number, mass Schmidt number, and gyrotactic microorganisms Schmidt number were all considered. The momentum, energy, mass, and microorganism equations’ governing PDEs are converted into nonlinear coupled ODEs and numerically solved with the bvp4c solver using suitable transformations. The main outcome of this study is that Williamson fluid parameter constantly decreases in velocity profile, however reverse effects can be shown in temperature profile. Also, M parameter and Kp parameter enhance the heat transfer rate, concentration rate and microorganisms boundary layer thickness but declines in momentum boundary layer thickness and velocity profile. The aim of this research is to see how velocity slide, temperature jump, concentration slip, and microorganism slip affect MHD Williamson fluid flow with gyrotactic microorganisms over a leaky surface embedded in spongy medium, with non-linear radiation and non-linear chemical reaction.

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Wheeler, Jeanette D., Eleonora Secchi, Roberto Rusconi, and Roman Stocker. "Not Just Going with the Flow: The Effects of Fluid Flow on Bacteria and Plankton." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 35, no. 1 (October 6, 2019): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125119.

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Microorganisms often live in habitats characterized by fluid flow, from lakes and oceans to soil and the human body. Bacteria and plankton experience a broad range of flows, from the chaotic motion characteristic of turbulence to smooth flows at boundaries and in confined environments. Flow creates forces and torques that affect the movement, behavior, and spatial distribution of microorganisms and shapes the chemical landscape on which they rely for nutrient acquisition and communication. Methodological advances and closer interactions between physicists and biologists have begun to reveal the importance of flow–microorganism interactions and the adaptations of microorganisms to flow. Here we review selected examples of such interactions from bacteria, phytoplankton, larvae, and zooplankton. We hope that this article will serve as a blueprint for a more in-depth consideration of the effects of flow in the biology of microorganisms and that this discussion will stimulate further multidisciplinary effort in understanding this important component of microorganism habitats.

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CORRALES-GARCÍA, Ligia L., and Gelmy L. CIRO G. "PEPTIDES WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY PRODUCED BY ISOLATED NATIVE MICROORGANISMS." Vitae 17, no. 2 (July 28, 2010): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.6343.

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Like proteins, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are versatile molecules synthesized by microorganisms using enzymatic pathways with no genetic code instruction. AMP have interesting properties in the food and pharmaceutical industries, like their antimicrobial ability against pathogens. Looking for biomolecules from microorganisms requires hard and time consuming chemical analysis of each microorganism extract. The microorganism isolation method proposed in this research allowed us to find antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, through interaction between a charged dye mixed with selective agar and metabolites produced by microorganisms. Twenty soil samples from different zones were isolated in selective media; thirty five strains were purified based on interaction between basic dye and charged molecules from bacteria. Streptomyces sp. y Bacillus sp. both genera were identified. Protein extracts were obtained from the isolated microorganisms cultivated in liquid media; peptides and amino acids were identified by thin layer chromatography and electrophoresis. Those extracts with high protein level were used to evaluate bioautography. Two extracts from 35 showed inhibitory activity against E. coli ATCC 8739 (8 mm halo). Method effectiveness for the isolation and the purifying of microorganisms able to produce charged molecules, of industrial interest is demonstrated.

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Meyuliana, Aulia, and Tri Astuti. "Effect of Antimicrobial Plants on Indigenous Microorganisms from Rumen Bos Taurus in The Fermentation Process." Journal of Animal Nutrition and Production Science 2, no. 1 (December 8, 2023): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36665/janaps.v2i1.417.

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Indigenous microorganisms (IMO) are used in various agricultural activities. IMO used as a bioactivator for animal feed fermentation. IMO from bovine rumen B. taurus can be used as a bioactivator but it has contamination with pathogenic microorganisms. The antimicrobial plants tested to suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms during fermentation were Syzygium polyanthum, Cassia alata, Anredera cordifolia, and Piper betle. Antimicrobial plant fermented with rumen fluid. The results of IMO fermentation with antimicrobials were then analyzed for the microorganisms that grew in them and the display of the number of microorganisms growing. The results of the most growth of microorganisms are without antimicrobial treatment. The suppression of microbial growth on indigenous microorganism fermentation with antimicrobial plant C. alata obtained the highest yield, which was able to suppress up to 84% of microbial growth on NA medium.

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Ram, Rajesh. "Anthropocentrism and Microorganisms: Implications for Biosecurity." Teachers' Work 20, no. 2 (December 14, 2023): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/teacherswork.v20i2.373.

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The world is changing: both a conventional and a vaccine passport are now needed to travel internationally. Mask mandates, and social distancing are the new norm in a rapidly changing society. These measures were put in place to control the spread of the highly infectious and often fatal Covid-19, caused by a viral agent, a microorganism, a zoonosis, and the cause of death for over 6 million people around the world. Considering this, maintaining biosecurity is important around the world to ensure public health. Biosecurity in New Zealand supposes that people including young people understand different pests and diseases that can harm public health. This qualitative study was conducted to gauge the biosecurity knowledge of 171 young people (14–15-year-olds). Young people were tested on their knowledge about biosecurity related plants, animals, and microorganisms. This paper reports specifically on the results of knowledge of microorganisms of young people. Results show that negative anthropocentric views dominate adolescents understanding of microorganisms and anthropomorphism is widely used to explain microorganism activity. An educational programme, targeted at developing a conceptual understanding about microorganisms starting at primary education may help develop a more educated global citizen, one versed in understanding the biology of microorganisms.

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Isaieva, H. O., M. M. Mishyna, M. O. Gonchar, O. L. Logvinova, and M. A. Basiuk. "Microorganisms causing respiratory diseases in children in relation to age and diagnosis." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 11, no. 4 (November 14, 2020): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022085.

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that pneumonia accounts for 15% of all deaths of children under 5 years old. The aim of the present study was to find out the predominance of microorganisms in the respiratory tract in children. 334 strains of microorganisms were isolated: Gram-positive – 293 strains, Gram-negative – 41. From the pharynx 183 strains were isolated, from the nose – 94, from sputum – 57. Among Gram-positive microorganisms the following were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus 44 strains of microorganisms, S. epidermidis – 75, Group A β-hemolytic streptococci – 39, viridans streptococci – 55, Streptococcus pneumoniae – 34, Enterococcus faecalis – 2, Candida spp. – 38, Corynebacterium pseudodiphthericum – 6. Among Gram-negative microorganisms the following were isolated: Escherichia coli 4 strains of microorganisms, Klebsiella pneumoniae – 13, Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 6, Haemophilus influenzae – 11, Enterobacter cloacae – 7. Children were divided by age and diagnosis into four groups: I group – children with acute bronchitis (0–5 years of age), II group – children with acute bronchitis (5–18 years of age), III group – children with CAP (0–5 years of age), IV group – children with CAP (5–18 years of age). Materials used in the research – nasal swabs, throat swabs and sputum. Microorganisms were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. S. aureus was the predominant microorganism isolate from the pharynx in children with bronchitis (0–5 years). Group A β-hemolytic streptococci were isolated most often from the pharynx in children with bronchitis older than 5 years and in children with CAP less than 5 years of age. S. pneumoniae was most often isolated from the pharynx in children older than 5 years of age with CAP. S. aureus was the main microorganism, isolated from the nose in children with bronchitis in all age groups; in patients with CAP it was the predominant microorganism in children older than 5 years of age. S. aureus was the predominant microorganism, isolated from sputum in children with bronchitis older than 5 years. S. pneumoniae was the predominant microorganism, isolated from sputum in children with CAP older than 5 years. The research showed that S. pneumoniae is still one of the main pathogens that cause CAP in school aged children.

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Stanaszek-Tomal, Elżbieta. "Environmental Factors Causing the Development of Microorganisms on the Surfaces of National Cultural Monuments Made of Mineral Building Materials—Review." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121203.

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The ability of microorganisms to degrade building materials depends on several factors. Biological corrosion occurs in close dependence with chemical and physical factors affecting microorganisms. The growth and development of microorganisms is stimulated by external stimuli, i.e., environmental factors. Microorganisms have a relatively large tolerance range for changes in environmental conditions. Under the right conditions, microorganisms thrive very well. The adverse effects may cause the inhibition of cell growth, damage, or lead to the death of the microorganism. Considering the impact of environmental factors on microorganisms, it is not possible to identify the most important of them. The result effect of overlapping factors determines the possibility of the growth of certain microorganisms. The main factors affecting the growth are temperature, humidity, hydrogen ion concentration in the environment, oxidoreductive potential, water activity in the environment, and hydrostatic pressure. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the factors causing biodeterioration. The influence of external/internal environment on the surface of cultural monuments made of mineral building materials, i.e., stone, concrete, mortar, etc., is presented.

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KIM, HYE-JUNG, DONG SUN LEE, and HYUN-DONG PAIK. "Characterization of Bacillus cereus Isolates from Raw Soybean Sprouts." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.1031.

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Raw soybean sprouts, which are used as ingredients in cook-chilled products, were analyzed to evaluate the incidence of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms, psychrotrophic microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, coliforms, and spore-forming microorganisms Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium perfringens. Mesophilic microorganisms on raw soybean sprouts were present in large populations, 5.5 × 106 to 1.4 × 108 CFU/g, and psychrotrophic microorganisms were found to be more numerous than the other groups. Coliforms accounted for 15% of mesophilic microorganism counts on average, and the average for spore-forming microorganisms was 5.2 × 102 CFU/g. B. cereus was isolated from 12 of 17 soybean sprout samples, whereas C. botulinum and C. perfringens were not isolated. B. cereus was isolated in greater numbers at 30° C compared with other temperatures and was not isolated at 4° C. Of the 55 strains isolated from soybean sprouts, 52 were positive for starch hydrolysis, and only 3 strains did not hydrolyze starch. Among the 55 strains of B. cereus isolates, 53 showed the ability to produce diarrheal enterotoxin by CRET-RPLA.

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Alwahaibi, Nasar, Mai Mohammed Alrubkhi, and Usha Rani Bai. "Evaluation of Microorganisms in Cervical Smears: A Single Institutional Experience." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology 4, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.1.11-14.

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Human papilloma virus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) are common microorganisms investigated in the diagnosis of cervical abnormalities, however other microorganisms have received less attention. This study aimed to identify different microorganisms present in cervical smears as well as to determine the association between those microorganisms and cervical abnormalities. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2008 to December 2012, evaluating the presence of microorganisms in cervical smears. The association between the microorganisms and cervical abnormalities was studied by using the odds ratio and relative risk tests. A total of 7112 cervical smears were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 39.13 years (range 17 – 80). Bacteria were the most common microorganism but it showed no association with cervical abnormalities. HPV, HSV and Trichomonas vaginalis are the least common but showed a positive association with a relative risk of 16.59, 7.23 and 1.15 respectively. Bacteria and fungi are the most common microorganisms present in cervical smears but they are not associated with cervical abnormalities whereas HPV and HSV are less common but they are associated with cervical abnormalities.

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Sun, Qingnan, Xiaoping Zhang, and Xin Zhang. "Impact of Natural Microorganisms on the Removal of COD and the Cells Activity of the Chlorella sp. in Wastewater." Water 15, no. 20 (October 11, 2023): 3544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15203544.

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In the treatment of wastewater containing only chemical oxygen demand (COD) by Chlorella sp., the cell activity and proliferation ability of Chlorella sp. decreased with the culture time, which affected the removal of COD in wastewater. To solve these problems, the Chlorella sp.–natural microorganism symbiosis system was prepared. The system was used to explore how natural microorganisms affect the cell activity and the proliferation ability of Chlorella sp. in wastewater. In the treatment of COD by Chlorella sp., the removal rate of COD decreased from 45.47% to 28.88%, with a decrease in the cell activity and proliferation ability of Chlorella sp. In the Chlorella sp.–natural microorganism symbiotic system, the removal rate of COD reached 45.75%. With the introduction of natural microorganisms, the circulation of CO2 and O2 between Chlorella sp. and natural microorganisms promoted photosynthesis and respiration, which enhanced the cell activity of Chlorella sp. Under the condition that the dosage of natural microorganisms was between 1% and 6%, the concentration of Chlorella sp. was close to the logarithmic growth phase, which maintained the proliferation ability of Chlorella sp. At the same time, the natural microorganisms grew and proliferated in wastewater containing only COD through preying on Chlorella sp.

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Zalfiatri, Yelmira, Fajar Restuhadi, and Taufiq Maulana. "Pemanfaatan Simbiosis Mikroorganisme B-DECO3 dan Mikroalga Chlorella sp untuk Menurunkan Pencemaran Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 4, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.4.1.p.8-17.

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The purpose of this research was to get the best treatment addition of microorganisms B-DECO3 as a reducing agent contamination of waste pollution palm factory with the addition of microalgae Chlorella sp. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD)with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment used against waste pollution palm factory was P0 (without addition of B-DECO3 microorganisms), P1 (addition 5ml/L of B-DECO3 microorganisms), P2 (addition 10 ml/L of B-DECO3 microorganisms), P3 (addition 15ml/L of B-DECO3 microorganisms), P4 (addition 20 ml/L of B-DECO3 microorganisms). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Anova and DNMRT at 5 % level. The result showed that the addition of microorganism B-DECO3 had significant affect for COD, BOD, TSS, oil, and pH. The treatment chosen from the result of this research was the P4 treatment which had a value of COD (330,63 mg/L), BOD (94,53 mg/L), TSS (266,46 mg/L), Oil (2,50) and pH (8,64).

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Steindel, Steven J., and Marianne K. Simon. "Characterization of Microorganism Identification in the United States in 1996." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-0913-comiit.

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Abstract Context.—The National Inventory of Clinical Laboratory Testing Services (NICLTS) was designed to give an unbiased estimate of all patient testing performed by laboratories registered under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments in 1996. Objective.—Survey data were used to develop a profile of laboratory testing primarily intended to identify microorganisms or antibodies to these microorganisms. Design.—Estimates of the extent of microorganism identification were derived from the NICLTS database by identifying associated tests and methods. The volumes for tests performed at locations that primarily prepared blood components for distribution were excluded. Organisms of public health importance were identified from the National Notifiable Disease list maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Participants.—Laboratories that were enrolled in the 1996 Online Certification Survey and Reporting System, maintained by the US Health Care Finance Administration, and that performed laboratory testing in 1996. Outcome Measure.—Estimated volumes and associated confidence limits by test, method, specimen type, public health importance, and testing location. Results.—Excluding testing of the blood supply, 315 million tests (95% confidence limits, 280–354 million tests) were performed in the United States for microorganism identification. Those tests for which public health consensus requires national reporting represented 38% of this total. Although hospitals performed 46% of all microorganism identification, they only performed 33% of the testing for microorganisms of public health importance. Independent and specialty laboratories performed 38% of all testing but 65% of the testing for microorganisms of public health importance. Direct methods (methods not involving culture) were used in 77% of the tests for microorganisms of public health importance and in 42% of all identification tests. Conclusions.—The distribution of microorganism identification testing found using NICLTS data is consistent with plans to modernize the public health surveillance system in the United States.

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Xiong, Qiangqiang, Jinlong Hu, Haiyan Wei, Hongcheng Zhang, and Jinyan Zhu. "Relationship between Plant Roots, Rhizosphere Microorganisms, and Nitrogen and Its Special Focus on Rice." Agriculture 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030234.

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Fertilization is an important practical measure in agricultural production. As an important nutrient element of plants, nitrogen (N) has a significant impact on the plant productivity and microbial function. Rhizosphere microorganisms affect plant growth and development, nitrogen uptake and utilization, and ecological adaptability. The interaction mechanism between plant and rhizosphere microorganisms is one of the hotspots in life science research and the key program of agricultural microorganism utilization. In this article, the relationship among plant root morphology and physiology, rhizosphere microorganisms, and nitrogen is reviewed, summarized, and prospected.

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Asano, H., H. Myoga, M. Asano, and M. Toyao. "A Study of Nitrification Utilizing Whole Microorganisms Immobilized by the PVA-Freezing Method." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1992): 1037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0545.

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The particular characteristics of nitrifying bacteria are that they have a reduced tendency to flocculate, a lower specific growth rate and a higher specific nitrification rate. Accordingly, we used whole microorganisms immobilized by the PVA-freezing method (in order to prevent microorganism wash-out) to investigate the characteristics and efficiency of their nitrification. The following results were obtained.By comparsion with suspended microorganisms, the nitrification rate of immobilized microorganisms was not as affected by temperature and their storage stability was better.The nitrification efficiency of a recycling operation in a biological nitrogen removal system was compared with that of a once-through operation, using immobilized microorganisms. The results showed that the ratio of allowable volumetric loading in the recycling operation was 60% of that in the once-through operation.

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Zafira, Zana. "Bioremediasi sebagai Alternatif Pengembalian Fungsi Tanah yang Tercemar Minyak Bumi." Jurnal Jaring SainTek 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/jaringsaintek.v3i2.456.

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Oil contamination from field drilling waste is a serious environmental problem worldwide. These oil contaminants must be removed to maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. Bioremediation is a soil cleaning technique that utilizes the metabolic ability of microorganisms to degrade soil contaminants. The use of native bacteria producing biosurfactants and utilization of hydrocarbons increases the effectiveness of bioremediation by making hydrocarbons bioavailable for degradation. Determination of bioremediation microorganisms affects the degradation process of petroleum. This is because each microorganism requires a specific substrate to reduce all the components of petroleum in the soil. A deeper approach is needed to obtain the effectiveness of microorganisms, both nonindigenous and indigenous microorganisms that are applied by researchers in degrading petroleum. However, not all available journal summaries provide a detailed explanation of the method and effectiveness of microorganisms in the bioremediation method. In this review, we will provide several microorganisms and methods used in bioremediation, including adsorptive bioremediation, biopile, in-situ bioremediation, landfarming, biostimulation, and composting in order to find the most effective method in the petroleum bioremediation process.

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Danshina, Evgeniya V., Svetlana S. Netychuk, and Petr A. Popov. "ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE WAYS OF CONTAMINATION OF MEAT BY MICROORGANISMS." Problems of veterinary sanitation, hygiene and ecology 1, no. 41 (2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202201002.

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Sources of microorganism contamination of meat are extremely diverse. There are two known ways of contamination of organs and tissues of animals with microorganisms: endogenous and exogenous. With endogenous seeding, meat can contain both saprophytic microorganisms that do not cause disease in animals, and pathogenic if the animal was sick. These microorganisms in the future will either lead to accelerated spoilage of meat, or can become a source of disease for humans. Exogenous seeding of meat occurs when microorganisms enter the meat from the external environment, during slaughter, gutting and skinning, subsequent cutting of the carcass and storage. A variety of microorganisms can be found on the surface of the animal’s skin. Also, one of the factors contributing to the seeding of meat is sloppy gutting of carcasses, damage to the intestines. It is necessary to follow certain rules and cleanliness when slaughtering animals and cutting, so that all objects that come into contact with the carcass are clean. The article considers and evaluates some environmental factors and their influence on the ways of contamination of meat by microorganisms.

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Chen, Feng, Xianjin Wang, Guiping Qiu, Haida Liu, Yingquan Tan, Beijiu Cheng, and Guomin Han. "Establishment and Validation of a New Analysis Strategy for the Study of Plant Endophytic Microorganisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 14223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214223.

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Amplicon sequencing of bacterial or fungal marker sequences is currently the main method for the study of endophytic microorganisms in plants. However, it cannot obtain all types of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc., in samples, nor compare the relative content between endophytic microorganisms and plants and between different types of endophytes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a better analysis strategy for endophytic microorganism investigation. In this study, a new analysis strategy was developed to obtain endophytic microbiome information from plant transcriptome data. Results showed that the new strategy can obtain the composition of microbial communities and the relative content between plants and endophytic microorganisms, and between different types of endophytic microorganisms from the plant transcriptome data. Compared with the amplicon sequencing method, more endophytic microorganisms and relative content information can be obtained with the new strategy, which can greatly broaden the research scope and save the experimental cost. Furthermore, the advantages and effectiveness of the new strategy were verified with different analysis of the microbial composition, correlation analysis, inoculant content test, and repeatability test.

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Guzik, Hillary, and Kessler McCoy-Simandle. "Modeling Microorganism Transmission with Madagascar Hissing Cockroaches: An Inquiry Activity." American Biology Teacher 79, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2017.79.5.365.

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Students will test Madagascar hissing cockroach's capacity as a vector for transmission of microorganisms. By comparing a cockroach exposed to human contact (handled by students) and a cockroach with limited exposure (not handled), students can assess the ability of cockroaches to transmit microorganisms from one location (hands) to another (agar plate where the microorganism will be grown). This will allow students to determine if the Madagascar hissing cockroach, the classroom pet, is a potential vector for microorganisms. Students then will be able to question and relate the concept of insects and objects as vectors for common pathogen transfer.

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Song, Jiaao, Huichao Lin, Gaozhen Zhao, and Xiaowen Huang. "Photocatalytic Material-Microorganism Hybrid System and Its Application—A Review." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060861.

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The photocatalytic material-microorganism hybrid system is an interdisciplinary research field. It has the potential to synthesize various biocompounds by using solar energy, which brings new hope for sustainable green energy development. Many valuable reviews have been published in this field. However, few reviews have comprehensively summarized the combination methods of various photocatalytic materials and microorganisms. In this critical review, we classified the biohybrid designs of photocatalytic materials and microorganisms, and we summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various photocatalytic material/microorganism combination systems. Moreover, we introduced their possible applications, future challenges, and an outlook for future developments.

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Sharma, Renuka, and Khushboo Gupta. "Microorganisms as vital additives in Waste Management." CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research 3, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46860/cgcijctr.2021.06.31.191.

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Microorganisms play necessary roles within the maintenance of the many natural and synthetic development within the environment. They serve positive functions that build life easier and higher for man. one in every of such areas that microorganism’s area unit adopted is in waste management. the right disposal of the voluminous waste that humans generate in their daily activities may be a nice challenge that government and environmental agencies area unit unceasingly seeking higher ways that of addressing. a crucial method of with success combating this menace is thru the utilization of microorganisms. Thus, this paper examines the varied applications of microorganisms within the management of municipal waste. It reviews the varied roles of microorganisms within the atmosphere, like in waste product and soil treatment, energy generation, oil spillage and hot contamination. It conjointly discusses waste generation and management ways, and a few specific uses of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, virus and protozoa) in waste management. It concludes by light some recent advances in microbiological waste management.

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Hecht, Jonathan L., Andrew Onderdonk, Mary Delaney, Elizabeth N. Allred, Harvey J. Kliman, Eduardo Zambrano, Solveig M. Pflueger, Chad A. Livasy, Ina Bhan, and Alan Leviton. "Characterization of Chorioamnionitis in 2nd-Trimester C-Section Placentas and Correlation with Microorganism Recovery from Subamniotic Tissues." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 11, no. 1 (January 2008): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2350/07-06-0285.1.

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Prolonged exposure to infection appears to influence fetal/neonatal development. We characterize the relationship between histologic patterns of inflammation and microorganism recovery from the placentas of live born infants delivered before the 28th postmenstrual week. The subamniotic parenchyma of 835 placentas delivered by cesarean section were cultured and evaluated for specific histologic patterns of inflammation in a blinded fashion. Cases with prolonged membrane rupture were excluded. Microorganisms were recovered from 41% of placentas. Microorganisms found more frequently in placentas with high-grade chorionic plate inflammation include Actinomyces, Prevotella bivia, Corynebacterium sp., Escherichia coli, Peptostreptococcus magnus, multiple species of Streptococci, and Mycoplasma sp., including Ureaplasma urealyticum. These microorganisms were also associated with fetal vasculitis (neutrophilic infiltration of chorionic plate stem vessels or umbilical cord). Recovery of microorganisms from placental parenchyma is associated with histologic inflammation. The same microorganisms responsible for inciting high-grade chorionic plate inflammation are also most likely to promote fetal inflammation.

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Santoso, Hidayat, and Zulfikar Ali. "Overview of Microorganisms Causing Urinary Tract Infections at Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh, Indonesia." Sriwijaya Journal of Internal Medicine 1, no. 1 (June 2, 2023): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.59345/sjim.v1i1.17.

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Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a general term that refers to the presence of microorganisms in the urine. Bacteria and fungi are the causative agents of urinary tract infections, which can be found in the urine of someone who is indicated to be suffering from a urinary tract infection. This study aimed to provide an overview of microorganisms that cause urinary tract infections in Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh, Indonesia. Methods: This study is a descriptive observational study. A total of 100 research subjects participated in this study. Data analysis on the distribution of microorganisms that cause UTIs was carried out in a univariate. Results: The majority of microorganisms that cause urinary tract infections are Escherichia coli. In addition, other microorganisms as the cause of urinary tract infections are Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: Escherichia coli is the most common microorganism that causes urinary tract infections at Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh, Indonesia.

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Delmée, Michel. "Problem Microorganisms." Acta Clinica Belgica 53, no. 3 (January 1998): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1998.11754158.

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SIMIDU, USIO. "Marine Microorganisms." Sen'i Gakkaishi 48, no. 11 (1992): P578—P583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.48.11_p578.

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Stetter, K. O., G. Fiala, G. Huber, R. Huber, and A. Segerer. "Hyperthermophilic microorganisms." FEMS Microbiology Letters 75, no. 2-3 (June 1990): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04089.x.

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Sommerlund, Julie. "Classifying Microorganisms:." Social Studies of Science 36, no. 6 (December 2006): 909–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312706063029.

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Bulankina, M. A., L. V. Lysak, and D. G. Zvyagintsev. "Lignite microorganisms." Biology Bulletin 34, no. 2 (April 2007): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359007020124.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Halophilic microorganisms." Environmental Microbiology Reports 4, no. 4 (July 16, 2012): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00363.x.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Oceanic microorganisms." Environmental Microbiology 3, no. 12 (December 2001): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00261.x.

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Yang, Lv, Chen Guang Liu, Bai Lin Fu, and Jia Wei. "Identification, Analysis of Fungal Microorganisms on Filter of Central Air Conditioning System." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.565.

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As air conditioning system long-time running, microorganism like bacterium and fungus propagates easily in high humidity environment such as filter equipment. After the microorganism entering indoor environment through air conditioning system, the air quality would be affected seriously. Air conditioning system which is regarded as potential microbial pollution source is becoming more attention. The study was about isolation and identification of fungal microorganisms on the filter surface of the central air conditioning system in a gymnasium, and then researching on the colonies and mycelium grown and reproduce regular of fungal microorganisms in different thermal environment using thermal methods, aim to lay groundwork of propagation and diffusion mechanism study of fungal microorganisms in air conditioning system and effective air microbial contamination solve by thermal methods. By physiology biochemistry experiment and molecular biological identification, it was shown that the dominant fungi were Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp., colonies were 600 cfu/cm2 and 140 cfu/cm2 respectively.

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Reimer, L. G., M. L. Wilson, and M. P. Weinstein. "Update on detection of bacteremia and fungemia." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 10, no. 3 (July 1997): 444–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.10.3.444.

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The presence of microorganisms in a patient's blood is a critical determinant of the severity of the patient's illness. Equally important, the laboratory isolation and identification of a microorganism present in blood determine the etiologic agent of infection, especially when the site of infection is localized and difficult to access. This review addresses the pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of bacteremia, fungemia, and sepsis; diagnostic strategies and critical factors in the detection of positive blood cultures; characteristics of manual and instrument approaches to bacteremia detection; approaches for isolating specific microorganisms associated with positive blood cultures; and rapid methods for the identification of microorganisms in blood cultures.

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Gómez-Godínez, Lorena Jacqueline, José Luis Aguirre-Noyola, Esperanza Martínez-Romero, Ramón Ignacio Arteaga-Garibay, Javier Ireta-Moreno, and José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez. "A Look at Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria." Plants 12, no. 8 (April 17, 2023): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12081668.

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Bacteria have been used to increase crop yields. For their application on crops, bacteria are provided in inoculant formulations that are continuously changing, with liquid- and solid-based products. Bacteria for inoculants are mainly selected from natural isolates. In nature, microorganisms that favor plants exhibit various strategies to succeed and prevail in the rhizosphere, such as biological nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and siderophore production. On the other hand, plants have strategies to maintain beneficial microorganisms, such as the exudation of chemoattractanst for specific microorganisms and signaling pathways that regulate plant–bacteria interactions. Transcriptomic approaches are helpful in attempting to elucidate plant–microorganism interactions. Here, we present a review of these issues.

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Kumari, Pallavi, Tali Sayas, Patricia Bucki, Sigal Brown-Miyara, and Maya Kleiman. "Real-Time Visualization of Cellulase Activity by Microorganisms on Surface." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 6593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186593.

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A variety of methods to detect cellulase secretion by microorganisms has been developed over the years, none of which enables the real-time visualization of cellulase activity on a surface. This visualization is critical to study the interaction between soil-borne cellulase-secreting microorganisms and the surface of plant roots and specifically, the effect of surface features on this interaction. Here, we modified the known carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) hydrolysis visualization method to enable the real-time tracking of cellulase activity of microorganisms on a surface. A surface was formed using pure CMC with acridine orange dye incorporated in it. The dye disassociated from the film when hydrolysis occurred, forming a halo surrounding the point of hydrolysis. This enabled real-time visualization, since the common need for post hydrolysis dyeing was negated. Using root-knot nematode (RKN) as a model organism that penetrates plant roots, we showed that it was possible to follow microorganism cellulase secretion on the surface. Furthermore, the addition of natural additives was also shown to be an option and resulted in an increased RKN response. This method will be implemented in the future, investigating different microorganisms on a root surface microstructure replica, which can open a new avenue of research in the field of plant root–microorganism interactions.

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Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus. "İklim Değişikliğinin Bitki-Faydalı Mikroorganizma Etkileşimleri Üzerindeki Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, sp (January 7, 2022): 2594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9isp.2594-2603.4946.

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Global climate is estimated to change drastically over the next century and the ecosystems will be affected in this changing environment. Plant-associated beneficial microorganisms can stimulate plant growth and increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nowadays, the effects of climate change factors such as increased carbon dioxide (CO2), drought and warming on plant-beneficial microorganism interactions are increasingly being investigated in the scope of plant growth and health. Recent studies have shown that high CO2 level has a positive effect on the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi, whereas the effects on plant growth promoting bacteria and endophytic fungi are more variable. Elevated CO2 conditions lead to increased colonization of beneficial fungi. Additionally, the results of increasing CO2 levels, warming and drought, depend upon the plant and the microbial genotype. Also, plant growth promoting microorganisms, especially bacteria, positively affect plants exposed to drought stress. Altered communities of beneficial microorganisms depending on climate changes, might have to compete with different microbial communities and, therefore microbial activities may also get affected. This work presents that climate change is an important factor affecting microorganism and plant interactions, needs to take into consideration the adaptation processes in plants and microorganisms and might require the selection of adapted plant cultivars.

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Siti Khuzaimah Soid, Siti Nor Asiah Ab Talib, Nur Hazirah Adilla Norzawary, Siti Suzilliana Putri Mohamed Isa, and Muhammad Khairul Anuar Mohamed. "Stagnation Bioconvection Flow of Titanium and Aluminium Alloy Nanofluid Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms over an Exponentially Vertical Sheet." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 107, no. 1 (July 31, 2023): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.107.1.202218.

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The pivotal aim of this research is to address a natural stagnation bioconvection flow of a hybrid nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over an exponentially stretching and shrinking vertical sheet. The mathematical formulation of simplified Navier-Stokes equations is made in the presence of a few parameters such as Prandtl number, concentration to thermal buoyancy ratio, microorganism to thermal buoyancy ratio, Lewis number, bioconvection Peclet number, bioconvection Lewis number, microorganisms concentration difference and buoyancy parameter. The two types of nanofluid containing titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and aluminium alloy (AA7075) immersed in water are considered for the investigation. In the analysis, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by a similarity transformation. The resulting equations are rewritten in MATLAB software through the Bvp4c method to obtain the solutions. The effects of hybrid nanofluid of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and aluminium alloy (AA7075), microorganisms’ concentration difference parameter, and bioconvection Lewis Number are observed in this mathematical model in the presence of stretching and shrinking sheets. The numerical values are obtained for the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and local density of motile microorganisms for the reporting purpose. In addition, the profiles of the velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism are visualized as the main findings of this article.

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Huang, Chung-Fu, Tong Yin, Ting Zhang, An-Chi Huang, Ting-Wei Jang, and Terng-Jou Wan. "Effects of Electric Current on Performance of Bio-hydrogen Production." International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Protection 4, no. 2 (May 22, 2024): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35745/ijesp2024v04.02.0004.

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Fermentation is the most beneficial process for hydrogen (H2) production. The previous studies were mostly focused on medium, microorganisms, pH control, temperature, and hydraulic retention time. In this study, we used electric current to measure the H2 production rate and its concentration. We observed the microorganism morphology to determine the effect of electric current on the microorganism growth state. The results showed the range of H2 production rate and its concentration were 1,200−1,350 mL/L∙hr and 32−42% with the current of 1.05−3.66 mA/cm2. H2 concentration decreased to 2.09 mA/cm2. However, with the shorter rod-shaped microorganisms, the production time was shorter than the original strain.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microorganisms'

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