Academic literature on the topic 'Microneedle Array'

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Journal articles on the topic "Microneedle Array"

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Justin, Richard, and Biqiong Chen. "Multifunctional chitosan–magnetic graphene quantum dot nanocomposites for the release of therapeutics from detachable and non-detachable biodegradable microneedle arrays." Interface Focus 8, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 20170055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0055.

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Biodegradable chitosan–magnetic graphene quantum dot (MGQD) nanocomposites were prepared and investigated for the release of small and large molecular weight (MWt) therapeutics from detachable and non-detachable biodegradable microneedle arrays. The presence of MGQDs in chitosan increased the electrical conductivity and biodegradation rate of chitosan while maintaining its mechanical properties. The detachable microneedle arrays were created by including a water-soluble ring of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) at the base of the microneedle, which enabled the rapid detachment of the microneedle shaft from the base. The PEG ring did not impede the microneedle array performance, with mechanical properties and a drug release profile of low MWt lidocaine hydrochloride similar to microneedle arrays without the ring. Without the PEG ring, the chitosan–MGQD microneedles were electrically conductive and allowed for electrically stimulated release of large MWt therapeutics which was challenging without the stimulation. These results demonstrate that chitosan nanocomposites containing MGQDs with intrinsic photoluminescent and supermagnetic properties are promising materials for developing multifunctional microneedles for targeted and tracked transdermal drug delivery.
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Yan, Xiao Xiao, Jing Quan Liu, Long Fei Wang, Chun Sheng Yang, and Yi Gui Li. "Silicon-Based Microneedle Array Electrodes for Biopotential Measurement." Key Engineering Materials 483 (June 2011): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.443.

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Biopotential signals in shin tissue reflect the body’s healthy conditions. So the measurement of these signals can diagnose whether the body has diseases or not. Traditional technology used to measure these signals results in pain, bleeding, infection, etc. Recently, the microneedle electrodes are used to measure these signals owing to their advantages, such as painless, low cost, easily made, etc. This paper presents a new method to fabricate the silicon-based microneedle array electrodes intended for measuring biopotential signals in the skin tissue. The arrays consist of a 5 mm x 5 mm silicon base with gold film, and 49 silicon needle-type electrodes with gold film in a 7x 7 array on the silicon base. Each needle is approximately 700 μm long, 70μm in diameter at the base. The 1mm-thick silicon wafer is cut to form 300x 300 x700 μm rectangular micro-column by dicing saw. Then the 5x5 mm silicon base with these columns is cut off to form the whole substrate. The rectangular micro-columns are etched in the mixture acid solution (HNO3 and HF) until getting sharp microneedles. Then the surface of the microneedles is sputtered the gold film, the microneedle electrodes are formed. One array of these electrodes exhibits low impedance for measuringbiopotential signals.
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Menon, Ipshita, Priyal Bagwe, Keegan Braz Gomes, Lotika Bajaj, Rikhav Gala, Mohammad N. Uddin, Martin J. D’Souza, and Susu M. Zughaier. "Microneedles: A New Generation Vaccine Delivery System." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040435.

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Transdermal vaccination route using biodegradable microneedles is a rapidly progressing field of research and applications. The fear of painful needles is one of the primary reasons most people avoid getting vaccinated. Therefore, developing an alternative pain-free method of vaccination using microneedles has been a significant research area. Microneedles comprise arrays of micron-sized needles that offer a pain-free method of delivering actives across the skin. Apart from being pain-free, microneedles provide various advantages over conventional vaccination routes such as intramuscular and subcutaneous. Microneedle vaccines induce a robust immune response as the needles ranging from 50 to 900 μm in length can efficiently deliver the vaccine to the epidermis and the dermis region, which contains many Langerhans and dendritic cells. The microneedle array looks like band-aid patches and offers the advantages of avoiding cold-chain storage and self-administration flexibility. The slow release of vaccine antigens is an important advantage of using microneedles. The vaccine antigens in the microneedles can be in solution or suspension form, encapsulated in nano or microparticles, and nucleic acid-based. The use of microneedles to deliver particle-based vaccines is gaining importance because of the combined advantages of particulate vaccine and pain-free immunization. The future of microneedle-based vaccines looks promising however, addressing some limitations such as dosing inadequacy, stability and sterility will lead to successful use of microneedles for vaccine delivery. This review illustrates the recent research in the field of microneedle-based vaccination.
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Choi, In-Jeong, Hye-Ran Cha, Su Jin Hwang, Seung-Ki Baek, Jae Myun Lee, and Seong-O. Choi. "Live Vaccinia Virus-Coated Microneedle Array Patches for Smallpox Vaccination and Stockpiling." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13020209.

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Although smallpox has been eradicated globally, the potential use of the smallpox virus in bioterrorism indicates the importance of stockpiling smallpox vaccines. Considering the advantages of microneedle-based vaccination over conventional needle injections, in this study, we examined the feasibility of microneedle-based smallpox vaccination as an alternative approach for stockpiling smallpox vaccines. We prepared polylactic acid (PLA) microneedle array patches by micromolding and loaded a second-generation smallpox vaccine on the microneedle tips via dip coating. We evaluated the effect of excipients and drying conditions on vaccine stability in vitro and examined immune responses in female BALB/c mice by measuring neutralizing antibodies and interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting cells. Approximately 40% of the virus titer was reduced during the vaccine-coating process, with or without excipients. At −20 °C, the smallpox vaccine coated on the microneedles was stable up to 6 months. Compared to natural evaporation, vacuum drying was more efficient in improving the smallpox vaccine stability. Microneedle-based vaccination of the mice elicited neutralizing antibodies beginning 3 weeks after immunization; the levels were maintained for 12 weeks. It significantly increased IFN-γ-secreting cells 12 weeks after priming, indicating the induction of cellular immune responses. The smallpox-vaccine-coated microneedles could serve as an alternative delivery system for vaccination and stockpiling.
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Speaker, Tycho, Stella Chang, Jeff Fairman, and Roger Kaspar. "Skin-based soluble microneedle array mediated anti-malarial CSP vaccination (65.28)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2011): 65.28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.65.28.

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Abstract A safe, effective, easily administered, and storage-stable anti-malarial vaccine delivery platform would improve vaccination efforts in populations at risk for malaria. Painless, self-blunting soluble microneedle arrays seem ideal for skin-based inoculation. To test the ability of adjuvanted microneedle arrays to induce an immune response, anti-malarial circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) antigen was delivered directly to skin by water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol microneedles, inducing a robust and specific immune response in BALB/c mouse cohorts. Inclusion of JVRS-100 cationic lipid DNA complex adjuvant boosted immune response and dried arrays induced strong response even after exposure to accelerated thermal storage conditions. To assess storage stability of the needle array dosage form, loaded microneedle arrays and parallel antigen solutions were subjected to one-week storage at 20°, 37°, and 50°C, and subsequently used to inoculate mouse cohorts. Serum anti-CSP IgG titers indicated that while antigen solutions showed profound (10-fold) loss of activity with increasing storage temperature, the dry arrays exhibited no such degradation.
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Mo, Jingshan, Junqing Liu, Shuang Huang, Baoming Liang, Xinshuo Huang, Cheng Yang, Meiwan Chen, et al. "Determination of Transdermal Rate of Metallic Microneedle Array through an Impedance Measurements-Based Numerical Check Screening Algorithm." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050718.

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Microneedle systems have been widely used in health monitoring, painless drug delivery, and medical cosmetology. Although many studies on microneedle materials, structures, and applications have been conducted, the applications of microneedles often suffered from issues of inconsistent penetration rates due to the complication of skin-microneedle interface. In this study, we demonstrated a methodology of determination of transdermal rate of metallic microneedle array through impedance measurements-based numerical check screening algorithm. Metallic sheet microneedle array sensors with different sizes were fabricated to evaluate different transdermal rates. In vitro sensing of hydrogen peroxide confirmed the effect of transdermal rate on the sensing outcomes. An FEM simulation model of a microneedle array revealed the monotonous relation between the transdermal state and test current. Accordingly, two methods were primely derived to calculate the transdermal rate from the test current. First, an exact logic method provided the number of unpenetrated tips per sheet, but it required more rigorous testing results. Second, a fuzzy logic method provided an approximate transdermal rate on adjacent areas, being more applicable and robust to errors. Real-time transdermal rate estimation may be essential for improving the performance of microneedle systems, and this study provides various fundaments toward that goal.
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Ashraf, Muhammad Waseem, Shahzadi Tayyaba, Nitin Afzulpurkar, Asim Nisar, Erik Lucas Julien Bohez, Tanom Lomas, and Adisorn Tuantranont. "Design, Simulation and Fabrication of Silicon Microneedles for Bio-Medical Applications." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 9, no. 1 (July 27, 2010): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.201191.172302.

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In this paper, design, analysis and fabrication of hollow out-of-plane silicon microneedles for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) have been presented. Combination of isotropic and anisotropic etching process has been used to facilitate the fabrication of microneedles in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etcher. Using ANSYS, structural and micro°uidic analysis hasbeen performed before the fabrication to insure the microneedle design suitability for TDD. In finite element analysis (FEM), the effect of axial and transverse load on single microneedle has been investigated to envisage the mechanical properties of microneedle. The analysis predicts that the resultant stresses due to applied bending and axial loads are in the safe range. In computational fluid dynamic (CFD) static analysis, the fluid flow rate through 5 x 5 microneedle array has been investigated by applying the pressure 10 kPa to 130 kPa at the inlet to insure that the microneedles are capable for flow of drug up to the desired range for TDD.
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Chiu, Chui Yu, Hsin Chuan Kuo, Yi Lin, Jeou Long Lee, Yung Kang Shen, and Sheng Jie Kang. "Optimal Design of Microneedles Inserts into Skin by Numerical Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.624.

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The purpose of this research is to find the optimal design for biodegradable polymer microneedle patches. Based on the mechanical properties of different skin layers and the failure criterion of the material, this research designs a microneedle of four types and three sizes, then discusses the insertion force and the variation of stress during the process of PLA microneedle insertion into skin by numerical simulation. This research uses the dynamic finite element software ANSYS / LS-DYNA to simulate the processing for PLA microneedle inserts into skin. The master microneedle array was fabricated by the MEMS process. This research uses PDMS to fabricate the mould for microneedles. Finally, a biodegradable polymer polylactic acid (PLA) microneedle patch was fabricated using a PDMS mould micro hot embossing method.
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Liu, Guiqin, Yan Deng, Yi Song, Yi Sui, Juan Cen, Ziyu Shao, Hu Li, and Tao Tang. "Transdermal Delivery of Adipocyte Phospholipase A2 siRNA using Microneedles to Treat Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy-Related Proptosis." Cell Transplantation 30 (January 1, 2021): 096368972110106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09636897211010633.

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Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease occurring in patients with thyroid disease. Patients with TAO-related proptosis is largely due to excessive orbital adipose tissue Adipocyte phospholipase A2 (AdPLA) is one of the most important regulatory factors in adipocyte lipolysis, which may be associated with TAO-related proptosis. Thus, silencing AdPLA by RNA interference may be beneficial for the treatment of TAO. In this study, we sought to evaluate the efficiency of two types of microneedles to deliver siRNAs for silencing AdPLA. Our results showed that AdPLA mRNA was up-regulated in the orbit adipose tissues from TAO patients. Silence of AdPLA by siRNA can reduce lipid accumulation in both human and mouse adipocyte cell lines. Moreover, silence effects of silicon microneedle array patch-based and injectable microneedle device-based siRNA administration were examined at the belly site of the mice, and injectable microneedle device showed higher knockdown efficiency than silicon microneedle array patch. This study sets the stage not only for future treatment of TAO-related proptosis using AdPLA siRNA, but also provides the foundation for targeted siRNA delivery by using microneedles.
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Kanchan Butola. "A Review Article on Transdermal Drug Delivery System Based On- Microneedles." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 3 (August 18, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.1.3.9.

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Every drug delivery system should work toward preserving the drug's appropriate dose and facilitating its full metabolism within the body. Transdermal delivery of very large ionic and hydrophilic molecules is made possible by the microneedle array. Studies on the effectiveness of microneedles have been conducted extensively. Soon, the market for commercial microneedle-based goods will grow, and they may eventually have a major impact on clinical medicine. This article provides an overview of microneedles, discussing their history, many varieties, current state, potential applications, and recent technological developments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microneedle Array"

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Garland, M. J. "Optimisation of microneedle array design for microneedle mediated ionophoretic transdermal drug delivery." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557417.

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The present study was designed to identify the most suitable polymeric microneedle (MN) array design for use as an electrically responsive device capable of providing both sustained and on-demand percutaneous drug delivery both in vitro and in vivo. Soluble MN arrays loaded with a range of small to large molecules were fabricated from aqueous blends of 20% w/w poly(methyl vinyl ether eo maleic acid) (PMVEIMA). Novel hydrogel forming MN arrays were fabricated from aqueous blends containing 15% w/w PMVEIMA and 7.5% w/w poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG, M; = 10 kDa). MN arrays were fabricated in a laser-engineered micro-moulding process. Hydrogel MN arrays were integrated with drug loaded reservoir patches. Whilst the combination of iontophoresis with both polymeric MN systems led to enhanced transdermal delivery of all drug molecules investigated in vitro, the electro- responsive nature of the hydrogel forming MN arrays enabled the sustained passive delivery and the electrically stimulated bolus delivery of the proteins insulin and bovine serum albumin in vivo. As such, this system may have great potential for the pulsatile transdermal delivery of therapeutic peptide/protein agents.
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Zhao, Tianxin Zhao. "Silk Based Porous Microneedle Array for Programmable Drug Delivery." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468852925.

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Choi, Seong-O. "An Electrically Active Microneedle Electroporation Array for Intracellular Delivery of Biomolecules." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19710.

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The objective of this research is the development of an electrically active microneedle array that can deliver biomolecules such as DNA and drugs to epidermal cells by means of electroporation. Properly metallized microneedles could serve as microelectrodes essential for electroporation. Furthermore, the close needle-to-needle spacing of microneedle electrodes provides the advantage of utilizing reduced voltage, which is essential for safety as well as portable applications, while maintaining the large electric fields required for electroporation. Therefore, microneedle arrays can potentially be used as part of a minimally invasive, highly-localized electroporation system for cells in the epidermis layer of the skin. This research consists of three parts: development of the 3-D microfabrication technology to create the microneedle array, fabrication and characterization of the microneedle array, and the electroporation studies performed with the microneedle array. A 3-D fabrication process was developed to produce a microneedle array using an inclined UV exposure technique combined with micromolding technology, potentially enabling low cost mass-manufacture. The developed technology is also capable of fabricating 3-D microstructures of various heights using a single mask. The fabricated microneedle array was then tested to demonstrate its feasibility for through-skin electrical and mechanical functionality using a skin insertion test. It was found that the microneedles were able to penetrate skin without breakage. To study the electrical properties of the array, a finite element simulation was performed to examine the electric field distribution. From these simulation results, a predictive model was constructed to estimate the effective volume for electroporation. Finally, studies to determine hemoglobin release from bovine red blood cells (RBC) and the delivery of molecules such as calcein and bovine serum albumin (BSA) into human prostate cancer cells were used to verify the electrical functionality of this device. This work established that this device can be used to lyse RBC and to deliver molecules, e.g. calcein, into cells, thus supporting our contention that this metallized microneedle array can be used to perform electroporation at reduced voltage. Further studies to show efficacy in skin should now be performed.
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Guvanasen, Gareth Sacha. "Stretchable microneedle electrode array for stimulating and measuring intramuscular electromyographic activity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54392.

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The advancement of technologies that interface with electrically excitable tissues, such as the cortex and muscle, has the potential to lend greater mobility to the disabled, and facilitate the study of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Myoelectric interfaces are currently limited in their signal fidelity, spatial resolution, and interfacial area. Such interfaces are either implanted in muscle or applied to the surface of the muscle or skin. Thus far, the former technology has been limited in its applications due to the stiffness (several orders of magnitude greater than muscle) of its substrates, such as silicon and polyimide, whereas the latter technology suffers from poor spatial resolution and signal quality due to the physical separation between the electrodes and the signal source. We have developed a stretchable microneedle electrode array (sMEA) that can function while stretching and flexing with muscle tissue, thereby enabling multi-site muscle stimulation and electromyography (EMG) measurement across a large interfacial area. The scope of this research encompassed: (i) the development of a stretchable and flexible array of penetrating electrodes for the purposes of stimulating and measuring the electrical activity of excitable tissue, (ii) the characterization of the electrical, mechanical, and biocompatibility properties of this electrode array, (iii) the measurement of regional electrical activity of muscle via the electrode array, (iv) the study of the effect of spatially distributed stimulation of muscle on the fatigue and ripple of muscle contractions, and (v) the assessment of the extent to which the stretch response of electrically stimulated muscle behaves in a physiological manner.
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Held, Jochen. "Microneedle electrode arrays for cellular recording applications." Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1001047702/04.

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Thakur, R. R. S. "Swellable Hydogel Microneedle Arrays for Transdermal Drug Delivery." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527897.

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Coulman, Sion Andrew. "Gene delivery to human skin using microneedle arrays." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54257/.

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Cutaneous delivery of macromolecules is significantly impeded by the inherent barrier properties of the stratum corneum (SC). Within the last decade sophisticated engineering techniques have enabled the manufacture of microneedle arrays. These are innovative devices consisting of micron-sized needles which when inserted into the skin create physical conduits across the SC but do not impinge upon underlying nerve fibres or blood vessels. This study assessed the ability of microfabricated silicon microneedle arrays to penetrate the SC of ex vivo human skin for the localised delivery and subsequent expression of non-viral gene therapy formulations. Cutaneous gene therapy may represent a new method for the treatment of, or vaccination against, a range of candidate diseases. Microneedle arrays of variant geometries and morphologies, created using dry- and wet-etch microfabrication methods, were characterised by scanning electron microscopy. The potential of these devices for the cutaneous delivery of gene therapy formulations was initially demonstrated by permeation of a size and surface representative fluorescent nanoparticle across microneedle treated human epidermal membrane and observation of these nanoparticles in micron-sized conduits created in excised human skin. The ability to express exogenous genes within ex vivo human skin was subsequently proven by intradermal injection of the pCMVp reporter plasmid. However, a non-viral gene therapy vector failed to enhance cutaneous transfection. Cutaneous plasmid DNA delivery using the microneedle device facilitated effective, if somewhat limited and irreproducible, transfection of epidermal cells proximal to microchannels created in the skin. These investigations confirmed the ability of a silicon microneedle device to deliver macromolecular formulations, including plasmid DNA, to the viable epidermis and have demonstrated exogenous gene expression within human skin. However, limited and unpredictable gene expression following microneedle mediated delivery indicate that further studies to optimise the microneedle array morphology, its method of application and the plasmid DNA formulation are warranted.
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Hamilton, Jordan David. "Fabrication and analysis of injection molded plastic microneedle arrays." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39481.

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This thesis describes the fabrication of plastic microneedle devices, their fabrication by injection molding, and analysis of the penetration mechanics. Injection molding is an economical mass-production technique that may encourage widespread adoption of microneedles for drug delivery. Four polymers were injection molded into hexagonal and square patterns of between 91 and 100 needles per array. The patterns and geometries were chosen to study the effect of needle spacing and array design on penetration force. Two needle spacings of approximately 1 mm and 1.5 mm were employed for both patterns. Molded parts showed tip radii below 15 microns, heights of 600 to 750 microns, and an included angle of approximately 30 degrees. An economic analysis performed of the injection molded polymer devices showed that they can be manufactured for approximately $0.10 - $0.179 per part, which should be low enough to gain market acceptance. The added benefits of low pain perception, improved drug delivery for certain treatments, and the possibly of being recyclable make injection molded micro-needle devices a desirable alternative to silicon or metal microneedles. Penetration tests were performed with plastic micro-needle arrays and arrays of steel needles of the same spacings and patterns. Silicone rubber with mechanical properties similar to human skin was used as a skin simulant. The results showed that the micro-needles penetrated skin to depths between 120 and 185 microns depending on pattern, spacing, tip radius and needle length. This depth is sufficient to deliver drug therapies, but not so far that they stimulate the nerve endings present beyond 130 microns inside the dermis layer in human skin. An analytical model was developed to estimate the effects of various microneedle and skin characteristics on penetration force. The model was based on literature sources and derived from test results. The model accounted for coefficient of friction, tip radius, tip angle, and needle spacing, as well as the skin mimic's mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, mode I fracture toughness, and puncture fracture toughness. A Monte Carlo simulation technique was used to correct for errors in needle length and testing angle. Comparison of the experiments to the model showed good agreement.
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Eltayib, Eyman Mohamed. "Hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays for minimally-invasive therapeutic monitoring." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705914.

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Hydrogel-forming microneedles (MN) were fabricated and evaluated for transdermal therapeutic monitoring of glucose as an endogenous biomarker model and two drugs, sodium valproate, as an anion model drug, and lithium as a cation model drug. A range of hydrogel-forming materials were characterized and evaluated to identify the most suitable formulation for fabrication of MN suitable for transdermal TM. MN contain no drugs themselves, upon insertion into skin they can rapidly imbibe ISF and undergo a transition to form discrete in situ hydrogel bulbs while maintaining their structural integrity and removed intact from the skin. Drug can thus diffuse through the swollen MN, which act as a continuous unblockable conduit between ISF and MN matrix. Hydrogel-forming MN were prepared from an optimised aqueous blend containing 11.1% w/w poly (methyl vinyl ether maleic anhydride) (Gantrez AN139), 5.6% w/w poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG 10,000). Successful transdermal extraction and detection of glucose was achieved in vitro through neonatal porcine skin and in vivo from healthy human volunteers. In vitro glucose was detected following application for 5 minutes but in vivo glucose was detected from MN applied for 1 hr. Results showed good correlation to blood glucose concentration with a lag time of 1 hr. Sodium valproate extraction was unsuccessful in vitro and was limited by the chemical nature of the drug, the MN fabrication material and the negative charge of the skin, in addition to the sensitivity of the analytical method. Finally, lithium was successfully extracted in vitro and in vivo from Sprague Dawley rats and gave a good reflection of picture of lithium serum level. In the view of these promising findings, with current work focusing on further optimisation of this technology, the future seems bright for a hydrogel-forming microneedle-based diagnostic and monitoring tool.
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Justin, Richard. "Chitosan-graphene nanocomposite microneedle arrays for transdermal drug delivery." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9544/.

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The project focused on the hypothesis that degradable, polymer microneedle arrays are a promising alternative to traditional drug delivery routes, offering the patient a painless, high concentration, and quick delivery of therapeutics through the skin. This project explored chitosan-graphene nanocomposites as potential materials for microneedle arrays; the addition of graphene to chitosan is believed to yield improved mechanical properties and electrical conductivity over pristine chitosan, which will allow for long and slender microneedles and for electrically stimulated drug delivery, and may positively affect the degradation and drug delivery properties of chitosan. Graphene derivatives, such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, and magnetic graphene quantum dots were synthesised and then characterised, before they were used as the filler within chitosan nanocomposites. Their effect at varying concentrations upon the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, drug release, and enzymatic degradation rate of chitosan were assessed. It was determined that reduced graphene oxide was the optimum nanoparticle to reinforce chitosan, achieving the best mechanical and electrical conductivity properties of the nanocomposites. Chitosan-graphene nanocomposite microneedle arrays were shown to passively release small molecular weight drugs at a high delivery quantity and rate. Conductive chitosan-graphene nanocomposite microneedles were tested to determine the effect of electrical stimulation on the release of large molecular weight drugs from the nanocomposite, with substantial improvements in the release rate of large molecular weight drugs when compared to passive diffusion. The microneedle arrays were shown to survive the force of insertion through compressive loading. The depth of penetration of the microneedles was determined through cross-sectional analysis of chicken skin.
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Book chapters on the topic "Microneedle Array"

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Shikida, Mitsuhiro. "Microneedle Array." In Skin Permeation and Disposition of Therapeutic and Cosmeceutical Compounds, 183–94. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56526-0_15.

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Luttge, Regina, S. N. Bystrova, and M. J. A. M. van Putten. "Microneedle array electrode for human EEG recording." In IFMBE Proceedings, 1246–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_297.

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Chauhan, Shreya Shashank, Venessa Maurice Lobo, Samruddhi Nandkumar Borate, Saili Sachin Jagade, and Venkata Vamsi Krishna Venuganti. "Microneedle Array Patches for the Delivery of Therapeutic Agents." In Smart Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications, 223–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84262-8_9.

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Kochhar, Jaspreet Singh, Justin J. Y. Tan, Yee Chin Kwang, and Lifeng Kang. "A Simple Method of Microneedle Array Fabrication for Transdermal Drug Delivery." In Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery, 49–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15444-8_3.

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Mukerjee, E., S. D. Collins, R. L. Smith, and R. Isseroff. "Microneedle Array for Transdermal Bio-Fluid Sampling and Drug Delivery." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2001, 379–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1015-3_165.

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Wang, Hao, Zhuolin Xiang, Chih-Fan Hu, Aakanksha Pant, Weileun Fang, Giorgia Pastorin, and Chengkuo Lee. "Polymer Microneedle Array Integrated with CNT Nanofilter for Selective Drug Delivery Review Decision." In IFMBE Proceedings, 872–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02913-9_225.

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Yu, Jicheng, Yuqi Zhang, and Zhen Gu. "Glucose-Responsive Insulin Delivery by Microneedle-Array Patches Loaded with Hypoxia-Sensitive Vesicles." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 251–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6840-4_17.

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McAlister, Emma, Martin J. Garland, Thakur Raghu Raj Singh, and Ryan F. Donnelly. "Microporation Using Microneedle Arrays." In Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Physical Methods in Penetration Enhancement, 273–303. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53273-7_18.

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McAlister, Emma, Martin J. Garland, Thakur Raghu Raj Singh, and Ryan F. Donnelly. "Erratum to: Microporation Using Microneedle Arrays." In Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Physical Methods in Penetration Enhancement, E1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53273-7_31.

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Sirbubalo, Merima, Amina Tucak, Kenan Muhamedagić, Ognjenka Rahić, Ahmet Čekić, and Edina Vranić. "Photopolymerization-Based Technologies for Microneedle Arrays Production." In IFMBE Proceedings, 670–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73909-6_77.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microneedle Array"

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Jia, Shuhai, Yigui Li, Xiao Sun, and Jun Zhu. "Study on Novel MEMS Hollow Microneedle Array." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21415.

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A novel MEMS hollow microneedle array is fabricated through the exposure technique in deep X-ray lithography and development procedure in this paper. The method to fabricate microneedle array presented in this paper needn’t any special apparatuses, and is very easy to operate. A method to compensate the beam distribution of synchrotron radiation light source is described. The PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) sheet is chosen as the material of microneedle. The length of the hollow microneedle fabricated is 160μ m. The outer diameter of microneedle is 80μm, and the inner diameter of microneedle is 40μm. The mechanical characters of microneedle, such as the force withstanding capabilities, are studied through both the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of finite element method. The analysis results of the mechanical character show that the strength of microneedles fabricated in this paper is enough to pierce human skin.
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San, A. N., R. Ben Mrad, and P. Sullivan. "Fluid Flow Behaviour in Microneedle Arrays." In ASME 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2005-75162.

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This paper examines the geometries of basic straight microneedle arrays, slanted channel arrays with varying angles, and arrays with diverging and converging interior cross sections for the purpose of interstitial fluid extraction and transdermal drug delivery. Flow behaviour is analyzed under biometric pressure driven conditions including frictional losses, minor losses due to the array geometry, and losses due to electrokinetic effect in microchannels. This paper also presents design and fabrication details of preliminary work that will lead to a design for microneedle arrays.
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Moussi, Khalil, Mincho Kavaldzhiev, Jose E. Perez, Nouf Alsharif, Jasmeen Merzaban, and Jurgen Kosel. "3D Printed Microneedle Array for Electroporation." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175748.

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Liu, Kuo Kang, Z. H. Du, F. G. Tseng, Min-Chieh Chou, J. Y. Fang, and C. C. Chieng. "Electroplated microneedle array for biomedical applications." In Smart Materials and MEMS, edited by Derek Abbott, Vijay K. Varadan, and Karl F. Boehringer. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.418774.

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Shewale, Jitesh J., and Kiran S. Bhole. "3D polymer microneedle array: Fabrication and analysis." In 2015 International Conference on Nascent Technologies in the Engineering Field (ICNTE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnte.2015.7029915.

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Ki Yong Kwon, Anton Khomenko, Mahmoodul Haq, and Wen Li. "Integrated slanted microneedle-LED array for optogenetics." In 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6609484.

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BARILLARO, G., S. CIUCCI, A. DILIGENTI, and G. PENNELLI. "HIGH ASPECT RATIO SiO2 MICRONEEDLE ARRAY FABRICATION." In Proceedings of the 10th Italian Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812833532_0073.

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Mukerjee, E. V., R. R. Isseroff, R. Nuccitelli, S. D. Collins, and R. L. Smith. "Microneedle Array for Measuring Wound Generated Electric Fields." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260205.

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Mukerjee, E. V., R. R. Isseroff, R. Nuccitelli, S. D. Collins, and R. L. Smith. "Microneedle Array for Measuring Wound Generated Electric Fields." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4398408.

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Berry, Caleb A., Zachary R. Smith, Scott D. Collins, and Rosemary L. Smith. "Dermal ISF Collection Using a Si Microneedle Array." In 2020 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mems46641.2020.9056394.

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Reports on the topic "Microneedle Array"

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Laboni, Santra, William Furiosi II, Avra Kundu, and Swaminathan Rajaraman. A Minimally-Invasive 3D-Printed Microneedle Array Applicator System (μNAAS) for Delivery of Therapeutics to Citrus Leaf Tissue. Journal of Young Investigators, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.39.5.60-66.

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