Journal articles: 'Micromechanical frequency tuning'

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Prokopenko, Yu V., and P. Yu Sergienko. "Ring microstrip resonator with micromechanical frequency tuning." Electronics and Communications 17, no. 4 (September 24, 2012): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2012.17.4.219045.

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Manoj Kumar, P., Akarapu Ashok, Prem Pal, and Ashok Kumar Pandey. "Frequency tuning of weakly and strongly coupled micromechanical beams." ISSS Journal of Micro and Smart Systems 9, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41683-020-00058-x.

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3

Lee, Ki Bang, and Young-Ho Cho. "A triangular electrostatic comb array for micromechanical resonant frequency tuning." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 70, no. 1-2 (October 1998): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(98)00122-8.

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Syms, R. R. A. "Electrothermal frequency tuning of folded and coupled vibrating micromechanical resonators." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 7, no. 2 (June 1998): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/84.679341.

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Wang, Xuetong, Xudong Zheng, Haibin Wu, Yaojie Shen, Guowen Liu, Zhonghe Jin, and Zhipeng Ma. "Comparative analysis and tests for an improved frequency tuning area-varying electrode considering the influence of fringe capacitance." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 4 (March 7, 2022): 045003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac57af.

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Abstract In this paper, an improved area-varying tuning electrode with better immunility to fringe capactor is proposed, analyzed and tested, which is mainly used for frequency tuning of micromechanical gyroscopes. Based on the existing area-varying tuning electrode Hu et al (2013 J. Microelectromech. Syst. 22 909–18), this paper firstly analyzes the capacitance of the tuning electrode, and obtains the relationship between the capacitance and the displacement using both the analytic formula and finite element analysis, verifying that the fringe capacitance in area-varying tuning electrode decreases the tuning ability of both up-tuning electrode and down-tuning electrode. Then, parametric scanning method is used to optimize the geometry parameter of the tuning electrode, which reduces the influence of fringe capacitance and increases the tuning ability of the tuning electrode. Contrast experiments and tests are carried with gyroscope samples with tuning electrodes before and after optimizing. The tested mean value of tuning ability of the improved tuning electrode is improved by 95.7% after opimization.

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Hudspeth, A. J., and T. Holton. "Micromechanical properties of the alligator lizard's basilar papilla contribute to frequency tuning." Hearing Research 22, no. 1-3 (January 1986): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(86)90085-7.

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Zhao, Feng, and Zhibang Chen. "Bidirectional and location-dependent frequency tuning of single crystal 4H-SiC micromechanical cantilevers." Microsystem Technologies 21, no. 8 (June 27, 2014): 1663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-014-2246-0.

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Lu, Kuo, Qingsong Li, Xin Zhou, Guoxiong Song, Kai Wu, Ming Zhuo, Xuezhong Wu, and Dingbang Xiao. "Modal Coupling Effect in a Novel Nonlinear Micromechanical Resonator." Micromachines 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11050472.

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Capacitive micromechanical resonators share electrodes with the same bias voltage, resulting in the occurrence of electrostatic coupling between intrinsic modes. Unlike the traditional mechanical coupling, the electrostatic coupling is determined by the structural electric potential energy, and generally, it only occurs when the coupling modes operate in nonlinear regions. However, previous electrostatic coupling studies mainly focus on the stiffness softening region, with little attention on the opposite stiffness hardening condition. This paper presents a study on the electrostatic modal coupling effect in the stiffness hardening region. A novel capacitive micromechanical resonator with different modal nonlinearities is designed and fabricated. It is demonstrated that activating a cavity mode can shift the fundamental resonance of the manipulated mode by nearly 90 times its mechanical bandwidth. Moreover, the frequency shifting direction is found to be related to the manipulated mode’s nonlinearity, while the frequency hopscotch is determined by the cavity mode’s nonlinearity. The electrostatic coupling has been proven to be an efficient and tunable dynamical coupling with great potential for tuning the frequency in a wide range. The modal coupling theory displayed in this paper is suitable for most capacitive resonators and can be used to improve the resonator’s performance.

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Köppl, Christine, and Stefan Authier. "Quantitative anatomical basis for a model of micromechanical frequency tuning in the Tokay gecko, Gekko gecko." Hearing Research 82, no. 1 (January 1995): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(94)00139-h.

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Vavakou, Anna, Jan Scherberich, Manuela Nowotny, and Marcel van der Heijden. "Tuned vibration modes in a miniature hearing organ: Insights from the bushcricket." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 39 (September 22, 2021): e2105234118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105234118.

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Bushcrickets (katydids) rely on only 20 to 120 sensory units located in their forelegs to sense sound. Situated in tiny hearing organs less than 1 mm long (40× shorter than the human cochlea), they cover a wide frequency range from 1 kHz up to ultrasounds, in tonotopic order. The underlying mechanisms of this miniaturized frequency-place map are unknown. Sensory dendrites in the hearing organ (crista acustica [CA]) are hypothesized to stretch, thereby driving mechanostransduction and frequency tuning. However, this has not been experimentally confirmed. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) vibrometry, we measured the relative motion of structures within and adjacent to the CA of the bushcricket Mecopoda elongata. We found different modes of nanovibration in the CA that have not been previously described. The two tympana and the adjacent septum of the foreleg that enclose the CA were recorded simultaneously, revealing an antiphasic lever motion strikingly reminiscent of vertebrate middle ears. Over the entire length of the CA, we were able to separate and compare vibrations of the top (cap cells) and base (dorsal wall) of the sensory tissue. The tuning of these two structures, only 15 to 60 μm (micrometer) apart, differed systematically in sharpness and best frequency, revealing a tuned periodic deformation of the CA. The relative motion of the two structures, a potential drive of transduction, demonstrated sharper tuning than either of them. The micromechanical complexity indicates that the bushcricket ear invokes multiple degrees of freedom to achieve frequency separation with a limited number of sensory cells.

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Russell, I. J., and M. Kössl. "Micromechanical Responses to Tones in the Auditory Fovea of the Greater Mustached Bat’s Cochlea." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): 676–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.676.

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An extended region of the greater mustached bat’s cochlea, the sparsely innervated (SI) zone, is located just basally to the frequency place of the dominant 61-kHz component of the echolocation signal (CF2). Anatomic adaptations in the SI zone are thought to provide the basis for cochlear resonance to the CF2 echoes and for the extremely sharp tuning throughout the auditory system that allows these bats to detect Doppler shifts in the echoes caused by insect wing beat. We measured basilar membrane (BM) displacements in the SI zone with a laser interferometer and recorded acoustic distortion products at the ear drum at frequencies represented in the SI zone. The basilar membrane in the SI region was tuned both to its characteristic frequency (62–72 kHz) and to the resonance frequency (61–62 kHz). With increasing stimulus levels, the displacement growth functions are compressive curves with initial slopes close to unity, and their properties are consistent with the mammalian cochlear amplifier working at high sound frequencies. The sharp basilar membrane resonance is associated with a phase lag of 180° and with a shift of the peak resonance to lower frequencies for high stimulus levels. Within the range of the resonance, the distortion product otoacoustic emissions, which have been attributed to the resonance of the tectorial membrane in the SI region, are associated with an abrupt phase change of 360°. It is proposed that a standing wave resonance of the tectorial membrane drives the BM in the SI region and that the outer hair cells enhance, fine tune, and control the resonance. In the SI region, cochlear micromechanics appear to be able to work in two different modes: a conventional traveling wave leads to shear displacement between basilar and tectorial membrane and to neuronal excitation for 62–70 kHz. In addition, the SI region responds to 61–62 kHz with a resonance based on standing waves and thus preprocesses signals which are represented more apically in the CF2 region of the cochlea.

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Gao, Simon S., Rosalie Wang, Patrick D. Raphael, Yalda Moayedi, Andrew K. Groves, Jian Zuo, Brian E. Applegate, and John S. Oghalai. "Vibration of the organ of Corti within the cochlear apex in mice." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 1192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00306.2014.

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The tonotopic map of the mammalian cochlea is commonly thought to be determined by the passive mechanical properties of the basilar membrane. The other tissues and cells that make up the organ of Corti also have passive mechanical properties; however, their roles are less well understood. In addition, active forces produced by outer hair cells (OHCs) enhance the vibration of the basilar membrane, termed cochlear amplification. Here, we studied how these biomechanical components interact using optical coherence tomography, which permits vibratory measurements within tissue. We measured not only classical basilar membrane tuning curves, but also vibratory responses from the rest of the organ of Corti within the mouse cochlear apex in vivo. As expected, basilar membrane tuning was sharp in live mice and broad in dead mice. Interestingly, the vibratory response of the region lateral to the OHCs, the “lateral compartment,” demonstrated frequency-dependent phase differences relative to the basilar membrane. This was sharply tuned in both live and dead mice. We then measured basilar membrane and lateral compartment vibration in transgenic mice with targeted alterations in cochlear mechanics. Prestin499/499, Prestin−/−, and TectaC1509G/C1509G mice demonstrated no cochlear amplification but maintained the lateral compartment phase difference. In contrast, SfswapTg/Tg mice maintained cochlear amplification but did not demonstrate the lateral compartment phase difference. These data indicate that the organ of Corti has complex micromechanical vibratory characteristics, with passive, yet sharply tuned, vibratory characteristics associated with the supporting cells. These characteristics may tune OHC force generation to produce the sharp frequency selectivity of mammalian hearing.

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Song, Lei, JoAnn McGee, and Edward J. Walsh. "Development of Cochlear Amplification, Frequency Tuning, and Two-Tone Suppression in the Mouse." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 1 (January 2008): 344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00983.2007.

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It is generally believed that the micromechanics of active cochlear transduction mature later than passive elements among altricial mammals. One consequence of this developmental order is the loss of transduction linearity, because an active, physiologically vulnerable process is superimposed on the passive elements of transduction. A triad of sensory advantage is gained as a consequence of acquiring active mechanics; sensitivity and frequency selectivity (frequency tuning) are enhanced and dynamic operating range increases. Evidence supporting this view is provided in this study by tracking the development of tuning curves in BALB/c mice. Active transduction, commonly known as cochlear amplification, enhances sensitivity in a narrow frequency band associated with the “tip” of the tuning curve. Passive aspects of transduction were assessed by considering the thresholds of responses elicited from the tuning curve “tail,” a frequency region that lies below the active transduction zone. The magnitude of cochlear amplification was considered by computing tuning curve tip-to-tail ratios, a commonly used index of active transduction gain. Tuning curve tip thresholds, frequency selectivity and tip-to-tail ratios, all indices of the functional status of active biomechanics, matured between 2 and 7 days after tail thresholds achieved adultlike values. Additionally, two-tone suppression, another product of active cochlear transduction, was first observed in association with the earliest appearance of tuning curve tips and matured along an equivalent time course. These findings support a traditional view of development in which the maturation of passive transduction precedes the maturation of active mechanics in the most sensitive region of the mouse cochlea.

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Alanazi, Nadyah, Maram Almutairi, Muthumareeswaran M R, and Abdullah Alodhayb. "Review—Measurements of Ionizing Radiations Using Micromechanical Sensors." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, May 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac6f20.

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Abstract We discuss several micromechanical sensor methods for utilizing technologies to detect gamma and beta radiation. The bending and resonance-frequency shifts of microcantilever sensors exhibit high sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Quartz oscillators, as well as microcantilevers coated with different materials, can aid in increasing the sensor sensitivity. Introducing MEMS technology to hydrogen-pressure sensors increased the ability of the sensors to detect low doses of radiation. Quartz tuning forks show excellent sensitivity to radiation and prove to be good candidates for radiation detection. It has been reported as will be discussed in this review that a limit of detection of as low as 0.3 μGy has been possible using micromechanical sensors.

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15

Tobin, Mélanie, Atitheb Chaiyasitdhi, Vincent Michel, Nicolas Michalski, and Pascal Martin. "Stiffness and tension gradients of the hair cell’s tip-link complex in the mammalian cochlea." eLife 8 (April 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.43473.

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Sound analysis by the cochlea relies on frequency tuning of mechanosensory hair cells along a tonotopic axis. To clarify the underlying biophysical mechanism, we have investigated the micromechanical properties of the hair cell’s mechanoreceptive hair bundle within the apical half of the rat cochlea. We studied both inner and outer hair cells, which send nervous signals to the brain and amplify cochlear vibrations, respectively. We find that tonotopy is associated with gradients of stiffness and resting mechanical tension, with steeper gradients for outer hair cells, emphasizing the division of labor between the two hair-cell types. We demonstrate that tension in the tip links that convey force to the mechano-electrical transduction channels increases at reduced Ca2+. Finally, we reveal gradients in stiffness and tension at the level of a single tip link. We conclude that mechanical gradients of the tip-link complex may help specify the characteristic frequency of the hair cell.

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Basarab, M. A., B. S. Lunin, and E. A. Chumankin. "Balancing of metal resonators of wave solid-state gyroscopes of general use." Dynamics of Complex Systems - XXI century, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18127/j19997493-202101-06.

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Wave solid-state gyroscopes (WSG) are among the most modern navigation devices. Based on the phenomenon of precession of elastic waves in thin-walled axisymmetric bodies, WSGs have a simple design, including 2-3 fixed parts, and have a number of advantages over other types of gyroscopes: great resource of work; small random error; resistance to severe operating conditions (overload, vibration, gamma radiation); relatively small overall dimensions, weight and power consumption; preservation of inertial information during short-term power outages. From the point of view of practical application and technologies used, three main groups of WSG can be distinguished. Wave solid-state gyroscopes of high precision. In such devices, high-quality (with a Q-factor of over 1·107) quartz resonators, contactless sensors and actuators, as well as complex electronic control systems are used. The field of application today, for various reasons, is limited to space technology, which requires, along with high precision, a long working life. Micromechanical devices of low accuracy for mass use (laptop computers, toys, industrial equipment, etc.) Integration of micromechanical WSGs with satellite systems makes it possible to create small-sized inexpensive navigation systems for widespread use. This market segment is developing very quickly, but production of such devices requires a very high the level of development of the microelectronic industry. An intermediate group consists of sensors of general use with metal resonators. Although these devices are larger than micromechanical devices, their production technology is much simpler. Metal resonators with a quality factor of (3 ... 5)∙104 can be manufactured using universal metal-cutting equipment; such devices have a simple design, do not require the creation of a high vacuum in their housing, and widespread radioelements can be used in control units. As a result, devices of this group, possessing insignificant power consumption and long working life, have a low cost price. On the other hand, the comparatively large dimensions of the resonator allow their precise tuning, which makes it possible to sharply increase the accuracy of the gyro instruments. From these points of view, a general-purpose WSG with a metal resonator is the most promising device that should replace the rotary-type electromechanical gyroscopes used today, and the production of which can be quickly mastered by the domestic industry. The development of such sensors requires solving a number of scientific and technical problems. Since all the main characteristics of such a device are determined by the properties of the resonator, special attention should be paid to its design and production technology. One of the most difficult and expensive operations in the WSG technology is the balancing of the resonator, carried out to eliminate the mass imbalance that arises during its manufacture due to inevitable deviations from the ideal axisymmetric shape (inhomogeneity of the wall thickness, displacement of the centers of the outer and inner surfaces, etc.). At a nonzero value of the 4th harmonics of the mass imbalance, a splitting of the natural frequency of the resonator occurs, leading to random errors in the WSG. A number of technologies are described in the literature to eliminate this mass defect [3-5]. The resonator balancing according to the first three forms of mass defect is much more difficult. Here, oscillations of the center of mass of the resonator occur during operation of the gyroscope and additional dissipation of the energy of oscillations of the resonator in the nodes of its attachment. This leads to a dependence of the Q-factor of the resonator on the orientation of the standing wave and, consequently, to a systematic error of the device. Thus, the aim of this work is to develop a technique and equipment for balancing metal resonators according to the first three forms of mass defect, suitable for use in the production of general-purpose WSGs.

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Lukashkina, Victoria A., Snezana Levic, Andrei N. Lukashkin, Nicola Strenzke, and Ian J. Russell. "A connexin30 mutation rescues hearing and reveals roles for gap junctions in cochlear amplification and micromechanics." Nature Communications 8, no. 1 (February 21, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14530.

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Abstract Accelerated age-related hearing loss disrupts high-frequency hearing in inbred CD-1 mice. The p.Ala88Val (A88V) mutation in the gene coding for the gap-junction protein connexin30 (Cx30) protects the cochlear basal turn of adult CD-1Cx30 A88V/A88V mice from degeneration and rescues hearing. Here we report that the passive compliance of the cochlear partition and active frequency tuning of the basilar membrane are enhanced in the cochleae of CD-1Cx30 A88V/A88V compared to CBA/J mice with sensitive high-frequency hearing, suggesting that gap junctions contribute to passive cochlear mechanics and energy distribution in the active cochlea. Surprisingly, the endocochlear potential that drives mechanoelectrical transduction currents in outer hair cells and hence cochlear amplification is greatly reduced in CD-1Cx30 A88V/A88V mice. Yet, the saturating amplitudes of cochlear microphonic potentials in CD-1Cx30 A88V/A88V and CBA/J mice are comparable. Although not conclusive, these results are compatible with the proposal that transmembrane potentials, determined mainly by extracellular potentials, drive somatic electromotility of outer hair cells.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Micromechanical frequency tuning'

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