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Academic literature on the topic 'Microgrid clusters'
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Journal articles on the topic "Microgrid clusters"
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Sampath Ediriweera, W. E. P., and N. W. A. Lidula. "Design and protection of microgrid clusters: A comprehensive review." AIMS Energy 10, no. 3 (2022): 375–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022020.
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<abstract> <p>A microgrid is a concept that has been developed with the increasing penetration of distributed generators. With the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources in the microgrids, along with advanced control and communication technologies, the traditional microgrid concept is being transited towards the concept of microgrid clustering. It decomposes the distribution system into several interconnected microgrids, effectively reducing problems such as voltage rise, harmonics, poor power factor, reverse power flow and failure of the conventional protection schemes. Microgrid clusters effectively coordinate power sharing among microgrids and the main grid, improving the stability, reliability and efficiency of the distribution network at the consumption premises. Despite the evident benefits of microgrid clusters to the consumers and the electrical utility, there are challenges to overcome before adopting the microgrid cluster concept. This paper is aimed at critically reviewing the challenges in design aspects of microgrid clustering. Categorization of multi-microgrids into different architectures based on the layout of the interconnections, evaluation of reported control techniques in microgrid clustering and multi-microgrid protection aspects are presented, highlighting the possible areas of future research that would improve the operational aspects of microgrid clusters.</p> </abstract>
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Zhao, Ensheng, Yang Han, Hao Zeng, et al. "Accurate Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical Control Method for Hybrid DC Microgrid Clusters." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010421.
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Hybrid DC microgrid clusters contain various types of converters such as BOOST, BUCK, and bidirectional DC/DC converters, making the control strategy complex and difficult to achieve plug-and-play. The common master–slave hierarchical control strategy makes it difficult to achieve accurate and stable system control. This paper proposes an accurate peer-to-peer hierarchical control method for the hybrid DC microgrid cluster, and the working principle of this hierarchical control method is analyzed in detail. The microgrid cluster consists of three sub-microgrids, where sub-microgrid A consists of three BUCK converters, sub-microgrid B consists of three BOOST converters, and sub-microgrid C consists of two bidirectional DC/DC converters. According to all possible operations of various sub-microgrids in the microgrid cluster, the top-, mid-, and bottom-level controls are designed to solve the coordination control problem among different types of sub-microgrids. In this paper, a hybrid microgrid cluster simulation model is built in the PLECS simulation environment, and an experimental hardware platform is designed. The simulation and experiment results verified the accuracy of the proposed control strategy and its fast plug-and-play regulation ability for the system.
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Kunikowski, Grzegorz. "Electricity Storage in Energy Clusters." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2018, no. 4 (2018): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2018-0027.
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Abstract The article aims to present the results of analysis and evaluation of using energy clusters as a bulk electricity storage. There were developed an analytical model of a sample microgrid (on-grid) and analysed using a software dedicated for optimizing such microgrids. The model of microgrid consist on electricity commercial and residential loads, photovoltaic and wind installations and batteries.
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Khanbaghi, Maryam, and Aleksandar Zecevic. "Stochastic Distributed Control for Arbitrarily Connected Microgrid Clusters." Energies 15, no. 14 (2022): 5163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145163.
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Due to the success of single microgrids, the coming years are likely to see a transformation of the current electric power system to a multiple microgrid network. Despite its obvious promise, however, this paradigm still faces many challenges, particularly when it comes to the control and coordination of energy exchanges between subsystems. In view of that, in this paper we propose an optimal stochastic control strategy in which microgrids are modeled as stochastic hybrid dynamic systems. The optimal control is based on the jump linear theory and is used as a means to maximize energy storage and the utilization of renewable energy sources in islanded microgrid clusters. Once the gain matrices are obtained, the concept of ε-suboptimality is applied to determine appropriate levels of power exchange between microgrids for any given interconnection pattern. It is shown that this approach can be efficiently applied to large-scale systems and guarantees their connective stability. Simulation results for a three microgrid cluster are provided as proof of concept.
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langchao, He, Wu Lizhen, Chen Wei, and Hao Xiaohong. "Research on Bi-level Coordinated Optimal Dispatching Strategy for Microgrid Cluster." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125601045.
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The interconnection of multiple microgrids can form a microgrid cluster (MGC). The economic benefit and operation reliability of the whole system can be improved through the energy mutual-aid and coordination control between microgrids. This paper proposes a bi-level coordinated optimal dispatching strategy for microgrid clusters. The upper layer aims to minimize the operating costs of the microgrid cluster system and the power fluctuation of the tie lines. The exchange power and generation power of each sub-microgrid are coordinated and controlled, which are sent to the lower level model as scheduling instructions. The lower layer takes a single microgrid as the research object. By optimizing the output of power generation unit, the operation cost of single microgrid can be minimized. Iterative solution is adopted between the bi-level optimization models. In order to avoid the premature and local convergence of the algorithm in the optimization process, the improved artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) is used to solve the objective function. Finally, simulation examples verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy.
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Albaker, Abdullah, Mansoor Alturki, Rabeh Abbassi, and Khalid Alqunun. "Zonal-Based Optimal Microgrids Identification." Energies 15, no. 7 (2022): 2446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072446.
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Even though many studies have been deployed to determine the optimal planning and operation of microgrids, limited research was discussed to determine the optimal microgrids’ geographical boundaries. This paper proposes a zonal-based optimal microgrid identification model aiming at identifying the optimal microgrids topology in the current distribution systems through zoning the network into several clusters. In addition, the proposed model was developed as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem that identifies the optimal capacity and location of installing distributed energy resources (DERs), including but not limited to renewable energy resources and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), within the determined microgrid’s boundaries. Moreover, it investigates the impact of incorporating the BESS in boosting the DERs’ penetration on the optimal centralized microgrid. Numerical simulations on the IEEE-33 bus test system demonstrate the features and effectiveness of the proposed model on identifying the optimal microgrid geographical boundaries on current distribution grids as well as its capability on defining the optimal sizes and locations of installing DERs within the microgrid’s zonal area.
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Pan, Xuewei, Fan Yang, Peiwen Ma, Yijin Xing, Jinye Zhang, and Lingling Cao. "A Game-Theoretic Approach of Optimized Operation of AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid Clusters." Energies 15, no. 15 (2022): 5537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155537.
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To maximize the benefits of microgrid clusters, a general model and analysis method for studying the optimized operation of AC/DC microgrid clusters using non-cooperative games is proposed. This paper first establishes the optimized objective function of an AC/DC microgrid for economic operations. Based on the supply and demand theory, the dynamic adjustment mechanism of electricity price is introduced into microgrid clusters, and a game model for the optimal operation of multiple microgrids is established. The Nash equilibrium solution of the established model is obtained by iterative search algorithm, and the convergence of the Nash equilibrium solution is also proven. Finally, the validity and economy of the proposed model are verified by the actual case.
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Rajendran Pillai, Vipin Raj, Rohit Rajasekharan Nair Valsala, Veena Raj, Muhammed Iskandar Petra, Satheesh Kumar Krishnan Nair, and Sathyajith Mathew. "Exploring the Potential of Microgrids in the Effective Utilisation of Renewable Energy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Evolving Themes and Future Priorities Using Main Path Analysis." Designs 7, no. 3 (2023): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs7030058.
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Microgrids are energy systems that can operate independently or in conjunction with the main electricity grid. Their purpose is to link different energy sources, enhance customer participation in energy markets, and improve energy system efficiency and flexibility. However, regulatory, technical, and financial obstacles hinder their deployment. To comprehend the current state of the field, this study utilized citation network analysis (CNA) methodology to examine over 1500 scholarly publications on microgrid research and development (R&D). The study employed modularity-based clustering analysis, which identified seven distinct research clusters, each related to a specific area of study. Cluster 1, focused on control strategies for microgrids, had the highest proportion of publications (23%) and the maximum citation link count (151), while Cluster 4, which examined microgrid stability, had the lowest proportion of papers (10%). On average, each publication within each cluster had four citation links. The citation network of microgrid research was partitioned using cluster analysis, which aided in identifying the main evolutionary paths of each subfield. This allowed for the precise tracing of their evolution, ultimately pinpointing emerging fronts and challenges. The identification of key pathways led to the discovery of significant studies and emerging patterns, highlighting research priorities in the field of microgrids. The study also revealed several research gaps and concerns, such as the need for further investigation into technical and economic feasibility, legislation, and standardization of microgrid technology. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of microgrid research and identifies potential directions for future research.
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Rostami, Ziba, Sajad Najafi Ravadanegh, Navid Taghizadegan Kalantari, Josep M. Guerrero, and Juan C. Vasquez. "Dynamic Modeling of Multiple Microgrid Clusters Using Regional Demand Response Programs." Energies 13, no. 16 (2020): 4050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164050.
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Preserving the frequency stability of multiple microgrid clusters is a serious challenge. This work presents a dynamic model of multiple microgrid clusters with different types of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) that was used to examine the load frequency control (LFC) of microgrids. The classical proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers were designed to tune the frequency of microgrids. Furthermore, an imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) was proposed to investigate the frequency deviations of microgrids by considering renewable energy resources (RERs) and their load uncertainties. The simulation results confirmed the performance of the optimized PID controllers under different disturbances. Furthermore, the frequency control of the microgrids was evaluated by applying regional demand response programs (RDRPs). The simulation results showed that applying the RDRPs caused the damping of frequency fluctuations.
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Venkata Pavan Kumar, Yellapragada, Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao, and Ramani Kannan. "Islanding Detection in Grid-Connected Urban Community Multi-Microgrid Clusters Using Decision-Tree-Based Fuzzy Logic Controller for Improved Transient Response." Urban Science 7, no. 3 (2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030072.
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The development of renewable-energy-based microgrids is being considered as a potential solution to lessen the unrelenting burden on the centralized utility grid. Furthermore, recent studies reveal that integrated multi-microgrid cluster systems developed in urban communities maximize the effectiveness of microgrids and greatly decrease the utility grid dependence. However, due to the uncertain nature of renewable energy sources and frequent load variations, these systems face issues with unintentional islanding operations. This can create severe damage to the microgrid’s performance in its stable operating condition and lead to undesired transient responses. Hence, islanding must be identified rapidly to take preventive measures to address the issue. This requires the development of a suitable anti-islanding technique that is faster in terms of accuracy and timely detection. With this intention, this paper proposes a decision-tree-based fuzzy logic (DT-FL) controller for the rapid identification of islands in an urban community multi-microgrid cluster. The DT-FL controller’s operation includes two steps. First, the decision tree extracts the electrical parameters at the point of common coupling of the multi-microgrid system. Second, these extracted parameters are utilized for the online tuning of the fuzzy logic controller, for the fast detection of islanding. The multi-microgrid cluster under study, along with the proposed islanding technique, is implemented in the MATLAB-2021a software. The efficacy of the proposed DT-FL controller is validated by comparing its performance with that of the conventional fuzzy logic controller under different test scenarios. From the results, it is observed that the proposed DT-FL controller shows superior performance in terms of the islanding detection time as well as the transient response of the system when compared with the conventional controller.