Journal articles on the topic 'Microfluidics'
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1
Shi, Yuxing, Peng Ye, Kuojun Yang, Jie Meng, Jiuchuan Guo, Zhixiang Pan, Qiaoge Bayin, and Wenhao Zhao. "Application of Microfluidics in Immunoassay: Recent Advancements." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (July 15, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2959843.
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In recent years, point-of-care testing has played an important role in immunoassay, biochemical analysis, and molecular diagnosis, especially in low-resource settings. Among various point-of-care-testing platforms, microfluidic chips have many outstanding advantages. Microfluidic chip applies the technology of miniaturizing conventional laboratory which enables the whole biochemical process including reagent loading, reaction, separation, and detection on the microchip. As a result, microfluidic platform has become a hotspot of research in the fields of food safety, health care, and environmental monitoring in the past few decades. Here, the state-of-the-art application of microfluidics in immunoassay in the past decade will be reviewed. According to different driving forces of fluid, microfluidic platform is divided into two parts: passive manipulation and active manipulation. In passive manipulation, we focus on the capillary-driven microfluidics, while in active manipulation, we introduce pressure microfluidics, centrifugal microfluidics, electric microfluidics, optofluidics, magnetic microfluidics, and digital microfluidics. Additionally, within the introduction of each platform, innovation of the methods used and their corresponding performance improvement will be discussed. Ultimately, the shortcomings of different platforms and approaches for improvement will be proposed.
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Savitri, Goparaju. "Advancement in Generation and Application of Microfluidic Chip Technology." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN) 17, no. 2 (March 31, 2024): 7277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2024.17.2.9.
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Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary topic of research that draws inspiration from other areas such as fluid dynamics, microelectronics, materials science, and physics. Microfluidics has made it possible to create microscale channels and chambers out of a broad variety of materials by borrowing ideas from a number of different fields. This has opened up exciting possibilities for the development of platforms of any size, shape, and geometry using a variety of approaches. One of the most significant advantages of microfluidics is its versatility in applications. Microfluidic chips can be used for a variety of purposes, such as incorporating nanoparticles, encapsulating and delivering drugs, targeting cells, analyzing cells, performing diagnostic tests, and cultivating cells. This adaptability has led to the development of several device-like systems for use in a range of settings. In this study, we explore cutting-edge novel applications for microfluidic and nanofabrication technologies. We examine current developments in the area of microfluidics and highlight their potential for usage in the medical industry. We pay special attention to digital microfluidics, a recently developed and very useful technique for illness diagnosis and monitoring. The originality of microfluidics is found in the fact that it allows for the miniaturization of complex systems and processes, paving the way for the creation of cutting-edge gadgets with wide-ranging practical applications. Microfluidics has the potential to transform various fields, including medicine, biotechnology, environmental monitoring, and more. The development of novel microfluidic platforms, coupled with advancements in digital microfluidics, promises to revolutionize the way we diagnose, treat, and monitor diseases.
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Fallahi, Hedieh, Jun Zhang, Hoang-Phuong Phan, and Nam-Trung Nguyen. "Flexible Microfluidics: Fundamentals, Recent Developments, and Applications." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120830.
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Miniaturization has been the driving force of scientific and technological advances over recent decades. Recently, flexibility has gained significant interest, particularly in miniaturization approaches for biomedical devices, wearable sensing technologies, and drug delivery. Flexible microfluidics is an emerging area that impacts upon a range of research areas including chemistry, electronics, biology, and medicine. Various materials with flexibility and stretchability have been used in flexible microfluidics. Flexible microchannels allow for strong fluid-structure interactions. Thus, they behave in a different way from rigid microchannels with fluid passing through them. This unique behaviour introduces new characteristics that can be deployed in microfluidic applications and functions such as valving, pumping, mixing, and separation. To date, a specialised review of flexible microfluidics that considers both the fundamentals and applications is missing in the literature. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary including: (i) Materials used for fabrication of flexible microfluidics, (ii) basics and roles of flexibility on microfluidic functions, (iii) applications of flexible microfluidics in wearable electronics and biology, and (iv) future perspectives of flexible microfluidics. The review provides researchers and engineers with an extensive and updated understanding of the principles and applications of flexible microfluidics.
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Qi, Ping, Jin Lv, Xiangdong Yan, Liuhui Bai, and Lei Zhang. "Microfluidics: Insights into Intestinal Microorganisms." Microorganisms 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2023): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051134.
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Microfluidics is a system involving the treatment or manipulation of microscale (10−9 to 10−18 L) fluids using microchannels (10 to 100 μm) contained on a microfluidic chip. Among the different methodologies used to study intestinal microorganisms, new methods based on microfluidic technology have been receiving increasing attention in recent years. The intestinal tracts of animals are populated by a vast array of microorganisms that have been established to play diverse functional roles beneficial to host physiology. This review is the first comprehensive coverage of the application of microfluidics technology in intestinal microbial research. In this review, we present a brief history of microfluidics technology and describe its applications in gut microbiome research, with a specific emphasis on the microfluidic technology-based intestine-on-a-chip, and also discuss the advantages and application prospects of microfluidic drug delivery systems in intestinal microbial research.
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McMillan, Kay S., Marie Boyd, and Michele Zagnoni. "Transitioning from multi-phase to single-phase microfluidics for long-term culture and treatment of multicellular spheroids." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 18 (2016): 3548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00884d.
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We present a new microfluidic protocol for spheroid based assays that combines the compartmentalisation properties of droplet microfluidics with controllable perfusion typical of single-phase microfluidics.
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Marzban, Mostapha, Ehsan Yazdanpanah Moghadam, Javad Dargahi, and Muthukumaran Packirisamy. "Microfabrication Bonding Process Optimization for a 3D Multi-Layer PDMS Suspended Microfluidics." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (May 4, 2022): 4626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094626.
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Microfluidic systems have received increased attention due to their wide variety of applications, from chemical sensing to biological detection to medical analysis. Microfluidics used to be fabricated by using etching techniques that required cleanroom and aggressive chemicals. However, another microfluidic fabrication technique, namely, soft lithography, is less expensive and safer compared to former techniques. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been widely employed as a fabrication material in microfluidics by using soft lithography as it is transparent, soft, bio-compatible, and inexpensive. In this study, a 3D multi-layer PDMS suspended microfluidics fabrication process using soft lithography is presented, along with its manufacturing issues that may deteriorate or compromise the microsystem’s test results. The main issues considered here are bonding strength and trapped air-bubbles, specifically in multi-layer PDMS microfluidics. In this paper, these two issues have been considered and resolved by optimizing curing temperature and air-vent channel integration to a microfluidic platform. Finally, the suspended microfluidic system has been tested in various experiments to prove its sensitivity to different fluids and flow rates.
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Shih, Steve C. C., Philip C. Gach, Jess Sustarich, Blake A. Simmons, Paul D. Adams, Seema Singh, and Anup K. Singh. "A droplet-to-digital (D2D) microfluidic device for single cell assays." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 1 (2015): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc00794h.
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Liu, Jingji, Boyang Zhang, Yajun Zhang, and Yiqiang Fan. "Fluid control with hydrophobic pillars in paper-based microfluidics." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 31, no. 12 (November 16, 2021): 127002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac35c9.
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Abstract Paper-based microfluidics has been widely used in chemical and medical analysis applications. In the conventional paper-based microfluidic approach, fluid is propagating inside the porous structure, and the flow direction of the fluid propagation is usually controlled with the pre-defined hydrophobic barrier (e.g. wax). However, the fluid propagation velocity inside the paper-based microfluidic devices largely depends on the material properties of paper and fluid, the relative control method is rarely reported. In this study, a fluid propagation velocity control method is proposed for paper-based microfluidics: hydrophobic pillar arrays with different configurations were deposited in the microchannels in paper-based microfluidics for flow speed control, the result indicates the deposited hydrophobic pillar arrays can effectively slow down the fluid propagation at different levels and can be used to passively control the fluid propagation inside microchannels for paper-based microfluidics. For the demonstration of the proposed fluid control methods, a paper-based microfluidic device for nitrite test in water was also fabricated. The proposed fluid control method for paper-based microfluidics may have significant importance for applications that involve sequenced reactions and more actuate fluid manipulation.
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Li, Xiangke, Meng Wang, Thomas P. Davis, Liwen Zhang, and Ruirui Qiao. "Advancing Tissue Culture with Light-Driven 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices." Biosensors 14, no. 6 (June 8, 2024): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios14060301.
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing presents a compelling alternative for fabricating microfluidic devices, circumventing certain limitations associated with traditional soft lithography methods. Microfluidics play a crucial role in the biomedical sciences, particularly in the creation of tissue spheroids and pharmaceutical research. Among the various 3D printing techniques, light-driven methods such as stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and photopolymer inkjet printing have gained prominence in microfluidics due to their rapid prototyping capabilities, high-resolution printing, and low processing temperatures. This review offers a comprehensive overview of light-driven 3D printing techniques used in the fabrication of advanced microfluidic devices. It explores biomedical applications for 3D-printed microfluidics and provides insights into their potential impact and functionality within the biomedical field. We further summarize three light-driven 3D printing strategies for producing biomedical microfluidic systems: direct construction of microfluidic devices for cell culture, PDMS-based microfluidic devices for tissue engineering, and a modular SLA-printed microfluidic chip to co-culture and monitor cells.
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Tsai, Hsieh-Fu, Soumyajit Podder, and Pin-Yuan Chen. "Microsystem Advances through Integration with Artificial Intelligence." Micromachines 14, no. 4 (April 8, 2023): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040826.
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Microfluidics is a rapidly growing discipline that involves studying and manipulating fluids at reduced length scale and volume, typically on the scale of micro- or nanoliters. Under the reduced length scale and larger surface-to-volume ratio, advantages of low reagent consumption, faster reaction kinetics, and more compact systems are evident in microfluidics. However, miniaturization of microfluidic chips and systems introduces challenges of stricter tolerances in designing and controlling them for interdisciplinary applications. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have brought innovation to microfluidics from design, simulation, automation, and optimization to bioanalysis and data analytics. In microfluidics, the Navier–Stokes equations, which are partial differential equations describing viscous fluid motion that in complete form are known to not have a general analytical solution, can be simplified and have fair performance through numerical approximation due to low inertia and laminar flow. Approximation using neural networks trained by rules of physical knowledge introduces a new possibility to predict the physicochemical nature. The combination of microfluidics and automation can produce large amounts of data, where features and patterns that are difficult to discern by a human can be extracted by machine learning. Therefore, integration with AI introduces the potential to revolutionize the microfluidic workflow by enabling the precision control and automation of data analysis. Deployment of smart microfluidics may be tremendously beneficial in various applications in the future, including high-throughput drug discovery, rapid point-of-care-testing (POCT), and personalized medicine. In this review, we summarize key microfluidic advances integrated with AI and discuss the outlook and possibilities of combining AI and microfluidics.
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Sateesh, Jasti, Koushik Guha, Arindam Dutta, Pratim Sengupta, Dhanya Yalamanchili, Nanda Sai Donepudi, M. Surya Manoj, and Sk Shahrukh Sohail. "A comprehensive review on advancements in tissue engineering and microfluidics toward kidney-on-chip." Biomicrofluidics 16, no. 4 (July 2022): 041501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087852.
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This review provides a detailed literature survey on microfluidics and its road map toward kidney-on-chip technology. The whole review has been tailored with a clear description of crucial milestones in regenerative medicine, such as bioengineering, tissue engineering, microfluidics, microfluidic applications in biomedical engineering, capabilities of microfluidics in biomimetics, organ-on-chip, kidney-on-chip for disease modeling, drug toxicity, and implantable devices. This paper also presents future scope for research in the bio-microfluidics domain and biomimetics domain.
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Gyimah, Nafisat, Ott Scheler, Toomas Rang, and Tamas Pardy. "Can 3D Printing Bring Droplet Microfluidics to Every Lab?—A Systematic Review." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030339.
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In recent years, additive manufacturing has steadily gained attention in both research and industry. Applications range from prototyping to small-scale production, with 3D printing offering reduced logistics overheads, better design flexibility and ease of use compared with traditional fabrication methods. In addition, printer and material costs have also decreased rapidly. These advantages make 3D printing attractive for application in microfluidic chip fabrication. However, 3D printing microfluidics is still a new area. Is the technology mature enough to print complex microchannel geometries, such as droplet microfluidics? Can 3D-printed droplet microfluidic chips be used in biological or chemical applications? Is 3D printing mature enough to be used in every research lab? These are the questions we will seek answers to in our systematic review. We will analyze (1) the key performance metrics of 3D-printed droplet microfluidics and (2) existing biological or chemical application areas. In addition, we evaluate (3) the potential of large-scale application of 3D printing microfluidics. Finally, (4) we discuss how 3D printing and digital design automation could trivialize microfluidic chip fabrication in the long term. Based on our analysis, we can conclude that today, 3D printers could already be used in every research lab. Printing droplet microfluidics is also a possibility, albeit with some challenges discussed in this review.
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Min, Lingli, Songyue Chen, Xinwen Xie, Hepeng Dong, Hong Pan, Zhizhi Sheng, Honglong Wang, Feng Wu, Miao Wang, and Xu Hou. "Development and application of bio-inspired microfluidics." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 18 (July 15, 2018): 1840013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400131.
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Bio-inspired microfluidic systems can be obtained through multidisciplinary approaches by using bio-inspired structural and functional designs for the microfluidic devices. This review mainly focuses on the concept of bio-inspired microfluidics to improve the properties of microfluidic systems for breaking through the bottlenecks of the current microfluidic devices, such as anti-fouling, smart, and dynamic response inside the microchannels under different environments. In addition, here, we show the current research progress of bio-inspired microfluidic systems in applications related to anti-fouling and smart devices, and biomedical research. The review discusses both physical theories and critical technologies in the bio-inspired microfluidics, from biomimetic design to real-world applications, so as to offer new ideas for the design and application of smart microfluidics, and the authors hope this review will inspire the active interest of many scientists in the area of the development and application of soft matter, and multifunctional and smart bio-inspired devices.
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Carvalho, Bruna G., Bruno T. Ceccato, Mariano Michelon, Sang W. Han, and Lucimara G. de la Torre. "Advanced Microfluidic Technologies for Lipid Nano-Microsystems from Synthesis to Biological Application." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14010141.
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Microfluidics is an emerging technology that can be employed as a powerful tool for designing lipid nano-microsized structures for biological applications. Those lipid structures can be used as carrying vehicles for a wide range of drugs and genetic materials. Microfluidic technology also allows the design of sustainable processes with less financial demand, while it can be scaled up using parallelization to increase production. From this perspective, this article reviews the recent advances in the synthesis of lipid-based nanostructures through microfluidics (liposomes, lipoplexes, lipid nanoparticles, core-shell nanoparticles, and biomimetic nanovesicles). Besides that, this review describes the recent microfluidic approaches to produce lipid micro-sized structures as giant unilamellar vesicles. New strategies are also described for the controlled release of the lipid payloads using microgels and droplet-based microfluidics. To address the importance of microfluidics for lipid-nanoparticle screening, an overview of how microfluidic systems can be used to mimic the cellular environment is also presented. Future trends and perspectives in designing novel nano and micro scales are also discussed herein.
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Shi, Jingyu, Yu Zhang, and Mo Yang. "Recent development of microfluidics-based platforms for respiratory virus detection." Biomicrofluidics 17, no. 2 (March 2023): 024104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135778.
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With the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the inadequacies of current detection technology for respiratory viruses have been recognized. Rapid, portable, accurate, and sensitive assays are needed to expedite diagnosis and early intervention. Conventional methods for detection of respiratory viruses include cell culture-based assays, serological tests, nucleic acid detection (e.g., RT-PCR), and direct immunoassays. However, these traditional methods are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and require laboratory facilities, which cannot meet the testing needs, especially during pandemics of respiratory diseases, such as COVID-19. Microfluidics-based techniques can overcome these demerits and provide simple, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective analysis of intact virus, viral antigen/antibody, and viral nucleic acids. This review aims to summarize the recent development of microfluidics-based techniques for detection of respiratory viruses. Recent advances in different types of microfluidic devices for respiratory virus diagnostics are highlighted, including paper-based microfluidics, continuous-flow microfluidics, and droplet-based microfluidics. Finally, the future development of microfluidic technologies for respiratory virus diagnostics is discussed.
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Zhu, Zhiyuan, Fan Zeng, Zhihua Pu, and Jiyu Fan. "Conversion Electrode and Drive Capacitance for Connecting Microfluidic Devices and Triboelectric Nanogenerator." Electronics 12, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030522.
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Microfluidics is a technique that uses channels of tiny sizes to process small amounts of fluid, which can be used in biochemical detection, information technology, and other fields. In the process of microfluidic development, there are many problems that need to be solved urgently. Many microfluidic systems require the support of external devices, which increases the construction cost, and the electronic interface technology is not mature. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can harvest mechanical energy and turn it into electrical energy. It has been greatly developed now and is widely used in various fields. Nowadays, many studies are committed to the study of TENGs and microfluidic systems. The microfluidics device can be combined with a TENG to convert fluid mechanical signals into electrical signals for transmission. Meanwhile, TENGs can also act as a high-voltage source to drive microfluidic motion. In this paper, we reviewed the development of microfluidics and related technologies of microfluidic systems in conjunction with TENGs and discussed the form of electronic interface between microfluidic systems and TENG devices.
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Babikian, Sarkis, Brian Soriano, G. P. Li, and Mark Bachman. "Laminate Materials for Microfluidic PCBs." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 000162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-ta54.
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The printed circuit board (PCB) is a very attractive platform to produce highly integrated highly functional microfluidic devices. We have investigated laminate materials and developed novel fabrication processes to realize low cost and scalable to manufacturing integrated microfluidics on PCBs. In this paper we describe our vision to integrate functional components with microfluidic channels. We also report on the use of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) as a laminate for microfluidics. The material was characterized for microfluidic applications and compared with our previously reported laminates: 1002F and Polyurethane.
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Evard, Hanno, Hans Priks, Indrek Saar, Heili Aavola, Tarmo Tamm, and Ivo Leito. "A New Direction in Microfluidics: Printed Porous Materials." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060671.
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In this work, the feasibility of a novel direction for microfluidics is studied by demonstrating a set of new methods to fabricate microfluidic systems. Similarly to microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, porous materials are being used. However, alternative porous materials and different printing methods are used here to give the material the necessary pattern to act as a microfluidic system. In this work, microfluidic systems were produced by the following three separate methods: (1) by curing a porous monolithic polymer sheet into a necessary pattern with photolithography, (2) by screen printing silica gel particles with gypsum, and (3) by dispensing silica gel particles with polyvinyl acetate binder using a modified 3D printer. Different parameters of the printed chips were determined (strength of the printed material, printing accuracy, printed material height, wetting characteristics, repeatability) to evaluate whether the printed chips were suitable for use in microfluidics. All three approaches were found to be suitable, and therefore the novel approach to microfluidics was successfully demonstrated.
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Mea, H., and J. Wan. "Microfluidics-enabled functional 3D printing." Biomicrofluidics 16, no. 2 (March 2022): 021501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083673.
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Microfluidic technology has established itself as a powerful tool to enable highly precise spatiotemporal control over fluid streams for mixing, separations, biochemical reactions, and material synthesis. 3D printing technologies such as extrusion-based printing, inkjet, and stereolithography share similar length scales and fundamentals of fluid handling with microfluidics. The advanced fluidic manipulation capabilities afforded by microfluidics can thus be potentially leveraged to enhance the performance of existing 3D printing technologies or even develop new approaches to additive manufacturing. This review discusses recent developments in integrating microfluidic elements with several well-established 3D printing technologies, highlighting the trend of using microfluidic approaches to achieve functional and multimaterial 3D printing as well as to identify potential future research directions in this emergent area.
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Naher, Sumsun, Dylan Orpen, Dermot Brabazon, and Muhammad M. Morshed. "An Overview of Microfluidic Mixing Application." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.931.
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Microfluidics is a technology where application span the biomedical field and beyond. Single cell analysis, tissue engineering, capillary electrophoresis, cancer detection, and immunoassays are just some of the applications within the medical field where microfluidics have excelled. The development of microfluidic technology has lead to novel research into fuel cells, ink jet printing, microreactors and electronic component cooling areas as diverse as food, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, medicine and biotechnology have benefited from these developments. Since laminar flow is prevailing at most flow regimes in the micro-scale, thorough mixing is a challenge within microfluidics. Therefore, understanding the flow fields on the micro-scale is key to the development of methods for successfully microfluidic mixing applications.
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Deng, Jinan, Dandan Han, and Jun Yang. "Applications of Microfluidics in Liquid Crystal-Based Biosensors." Biosensors 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11100385.
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Liquid crystals (LCs) with stimuli-responsive configuration transition and optical anisotropic properties have attracted enormous interest in the development of simple and label-free biosensors. The combination of microfluidics and the LCs offers great advantages over traditional LC-based biosensors including small sample consumption, fast analysis and low cost. Moreover, microfluidic techniques provide a promising tool to fabricate uniform and reproducible LC-based sensing platforms. In this review, we emphasize the recent development of microfluidics in the fabrication and integration of LC-based biosensors, including LC planar sensing platforms and LC droplets. Fabrication and integration of LC-based planar platforms with microfluidics for biosensing applications are first introduced. The generation and entrapment of monodisperse LC droplets with different microfluidic structures, as well as their applications in the detection of chemical and biological species, are then summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensors are proposed. This review will promote the understanding of microfluidic techniques in LC-based biosensors and facilitate the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensing devices with high performance.
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Zhang, Jia Ming, Qinglei Ji, and Huiling Duan. "Three-Dimensional Printed Devices in Droplet Microfluidics." Micromachines 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2019): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10110754.
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Droplet microfluidics has become the most promising subcategory of microfluidics since it contributes numerous applications to diverse fields. However, fabrication of microfluidic devices for droplet formation, manipulation and applications is usually complicated and expensive. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) provides an exciting alternative to conventional techniques by simplifying the process and reducing the cost of fabrication. Complex and novel structures can be achieved via 3DP in a simple and rapid manner, enabling droplet microfluidics accessible to more extensive users. In this article, we review and discuss current development, opportunities and challenges of applications of 3DP to droplet microfluidics.
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Zeng, Jin, Hang Xu, Ze-Rui Song, Jia-Le Zhou, Guo-Jun Jiang, Bing-Yong Yan, Zhen Gu, and Hui-Feng Wang. "High Frequency and Addressable Impedance Measurement System for On-Site Droplet Analysis in Digital Microfluidics." Electronics 13, no. 14 (July 17, 2024): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142810.
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Digital microfluidics is a novel technique for manipulating discrete droplets with the advantages of programmability, small device size, low cost, and easy integration. The development of droplet sensing methods advances the automation control of digital microfluidics. Impedance measurement emerges as a promising technique for droplet localization and characterization due to its non-invasive nature, high sensitivity, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. However, traditional impedance measurement approaches in digital microfluidics based on the high-voltage actuating signal are limited in sensing accuracy in practical applications. In this paper, we propose a novel droplet impedance sensing system for digital microfluidics by introducing a low-voltage and addressable measurement circuit, which enables impedance measurement over a wide frequency range. The proposed measurement system has also been used for detecting the droplet composition, size, and position in a digital microfluidic chip. The improved impedance sensing method can also promote the applications of the digital microfluidic, which requires high accuracy, real-time, and contactless sensing with automatic sample pretreatment.
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Lingadahalli Kotreshappa, Sreedevi, Chempi Gurudas Nayak, and Santhosh Krishnan Venkata. "A Review on the Role of Microflow Parameter Measurements for Microfluidics Applications." Systems 11, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11030113.
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Microfluidics has risen to a new zone of exploration because of its application in numerous fields. The integration of microfluidics and sensor technology bridges gaps in heat transfer areas, the medical field, and the chemical industry at the microscale flow level. This paper reviews the latest work conducted in microfluidics with the help of microflow parameter measurements in microfluidic applications, microflow sensor inventions, novel microflow pathway design, and an assessment of the keyway of fluid behavior in microchannels. The emphasis is on highlighting a significant part of recent research on developing microfluidics applications using the previously explored microflow characteristic measurements. The details of heat transfer, blending, and sorting, along with different medical applications, including drug delivery, inferred that heat transfer is the most explored application domain. Comparing newly evolving microflow sensors will make the sensor selection easy for the user’s required microflow conditions. The effects of microchannel geometry and channel wall parameters on different microflow characteristic measurements are identified. This study will enhance the understanding of the performance of microflow systems by providing new flexibility in microfluidics. The study of microflow parameter measurements is reviewed in more depth, making its way for future microfluidic application developments.
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Salipante, Paul F. "Microfluidic techniques for mechanical measurements of biological samples." Biophysics Reviews 4, no. 1 (March 2023): 011303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0130762.
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The use of microfluidics to make mechanical property measurements is increasingly common. Fabrication of microfluidic devices has enabled various types of flow control and sensor integration at micrometer length scales to interrogate biological materials. For rheological measurements of biofluids, the small length scales are well suited to reach high rates, and measurements can be made on droplet-sized samples. The control of flow fields, constrictions, and external fields can be used in microfluidics to make mechanical measurements of individual bioparticle properties, often at high sampling rates for high-throughput measurements. Microfluidics also enables the measurement of bio-surfaces, such as the elasticity and permeability properties of layers of cells cultured in microfluidic devices. Recent progress on these topics is reviewed, and future directions are discussed.
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Juang, Yi-Je, and Yu-Jui Chiu. "Fabrication of Polymer Microfluidics: An Overview." Polymers 14, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14102028.
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Microfluidic platform technology has presented a new strategy to detect and analyze analytes and biological entities thanks to its reduced dimensions, which results in lower reagent consumption, fast reaction, multiplex, simplified procedure, and high portability. In addition, various forces, such as hydrodynamic force, electrokinetic force, and acoustic force, become available to manipulate particles to be focused and aligned, sorted, trapped, patterned, etc. To fabricate microfluidic chips, silicon was the first to be used as a substrate material because its processing is highly correlated to semiconductor fabrication techniques. Nevertheless, other materials, such as glass, polymers, ceramics, and metals, were also adopted during the emergence of microfluidics. Among numerous applications of microfluidics, where repeated short-time monitoring and one-time usage at an affordable price is required, polymer microfluidics has stood out to fulfill demand by making good use of its variety in material properties and processing techniques. In this paper, the primary fabrication techniques for polymer microfluidics were reviewed and classified into two categories, e.g., mold-based and non-mold-based approaches. For the mold-based approaches, micro-embossing, micro-injection molding, and casting were discussed. As for the non-mold-based approaches, CNC micromachining, laser micromachining, and 3D printing were discussed. This review provides researchers and the general audience with an overview of the fabrication techniques of polymer microfluidic devices, which could serve as a reference when one embarks on studies in this field and deals with polymer microfluidics.
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Zhang, Peiran, Hunter Bachman, Adem Ozcelik, and Tony Jun Huang. "Acoustic Microfluidics." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 13, no. 1 (June 12, 2020): 17–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-090919-102205.
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Acoustic microfluidic devices are powerful tools that use sound waves to manipulate micro- or nanoscale objects or fluids in analytical chemistry and biomedicine. Their simple device designs, biocompatible and contactless operation, and label-free nature are all characteristics that make acoustic microfluidic devices ideal platforms for fundamental research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Herein, we summarize the physical principles underlying acoustic microfluidics and review their applications, with particular emphasis on the manipulation of macromolecules, cells, particles, model organisms, and fluidic flows. We also present future goals of this technology in analytical chemistry and biomedical research, as well as challenges and opportunities.
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Alhalaili, Badriyah, Ileana Nicoleta Popescu, Carmen Otilia Rusanescu, and Ruxandra Vidu. "Microfluidic Devices and Microfluidics-Integrated Electrochemical and Optical (Bio)Sensors for Pollution Analysis: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 12844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912844.
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An overview of the recent research works and trends in the design and fabrication of microfluidic devices and microfluidics-integrated biosensors for pollution analysis and monitoring of environmental contaminants is presented in this paper. In alignment with the tendency in miniaturization and integration into “lab on a chip” devices to reduce the use of reagents, energy, and implicit processing costs, the most common and newest materials used in the fabrication of microfluidic devices and microfluidics-integrated sensors and biosensors, the advantages and disadvantages of materials, fabrication methods, and the detection methods used for microfluidic environmental analysis are synthesized and evaluated.
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Duan, Kai, Mohamad Orabi, Alexus Warchock, Zaynab Al-Akraa, Zeinab Ajami, Tae-Hwa Chun, and Joe F. Lo. "Monolithically 3D-Printed Microfluidics with Embedded µTesla Pump." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020237.
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Microfluidics has earned a reputation for providing numerous transformative but disconnected devices and techniques. Active research seeks to address this challenge by integrating microfluidic components, including embedded miniature pumps. However, a significant portion of existing microfluidic integration relies on the time-consuming manual fabrication that introduces device variations. We put forward a framework for solving this disconnect by combining new pumping mechanics and 3D printing to demonstrate several novel, integrated and wirelessly driven microfluidics. First, we characterized the simplicity and performance of printed microfluidics with a minimum feature size of 100 µm. Next, we integrated a microtesla (µTesla) pump to provide non-pulsatile flow with reduced shear stress on beta cells cultured on-chip. Lastly, the integration of radio frequency (RF) device and a hobby-grade brushless motor completed a self-enclosed platform that can be remotely controlled without wires. Our study shows how new physics and 3D printing approaches not only provide better integration but also enable novel cell-based studies to advance microfluidic research.
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Coelho, Beatriz J., Joana P. Neto, Bárbara Sieira, André T. Moura, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins, Pedro V. Baptista, Rui Igreja, and Hugo Águas. "Hybrid Digital-Droplet Microfluidic Chip for Applications in Droplet Digital Nucleic Acid Amplification: Design, Fabrication and Characterization." Sensors 23, no. 10 (May 20, 2023): 4927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104927.
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Microfluidic-based platforms have become a hallmark for chemical and biological assays, empowering micro- and nano-reaction vessels. The fusion of microfluidic technologies (digital microfluidics, continuous-flow microfluidics, and droplet microfluidics, just to name a few) presents great potential for overcoming the inherent limitations of each approach, while also elevating their respective strengths. This work exploits the combination of digital microfluidics (DMF) and droplet microfluidics (DrMF) on a single substrate, where DMF enables droplet mixing and further acts as a controlled liquid supplier for a high-throughput nano-liter droplet generator. Droplet generation is performed at a flow-focusing region, operating on dual pressure: negative pressure applied to the aqueous phase and positive pressure applied to the oil phase. We evaluate the droplets produced with our hybrid DMF–DrMF devices in terms of droplet volume, speed, and production frequency and further compare them with standalone DrMF devices. Both types of devices enable customizable droplet production (various volumes and circulation speeds), yet hybrid DMF–DrMF devices yield more controlled droplet production while achieving throughputs that are similar to standalone DrMF devices. These hybrid devices enable the production of up to four droplets per second, which reach a maximum circulation speed close to 1540 µm/s and volumes as low as 0.5 nL.
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Gorgannezhad, Lena, Helen Stratton, and Nam-Trung Nguyen. "Microfluidic-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Systems in Microbiology." Micromachines 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10060408.
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Rapid, sensitive, and selective bacterial detection is a hot topic, because the progress in this research area has had a broad range of applications. Novel and innovative strategies for detection and identification of bacterial nucleic acids are important for practical applications. Microfluidics is an emerging technology that only requires small amounts of liquid samples. Microfluidic devices allow for rapid advances in microbiology, enabling access to methods of amplifying nucleic acid molecules and overcoming difficulties faced by conventional. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in microfluidics-based polymerase chain reaction devices for the detection of nucleic acid biomarkers. The paper also discusses the recent development of isothermal nucleic acid amplification and droplet-based microfluidics devices. We discuss recent microfluidic techniques for sample preparation prior to the amplification process.
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Wang, Lingtian, Dajun Jiang, Qiyang Wang, Qing Wang, Haoran Hu, and Weitao Jia. "The Application of Microfluidic Techniques on Tissue Engineering in Orthopaedics." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 45 (April 16, 2019): 5397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190301142833.
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Background: Tissue engineering (TE) is a promising solution for orthopaedic diseases such as bone or cartilage defects and bone metastasis. Cell culture in vitro and scaffold fabrication are two main parts of TE, but these two methods both have their own limitations. The static cell culture medium is unable to achieve multiple cell incubation or offer an optimal microenvironment for cells, while regularly arranged structures are unavailable in traditional cell-laden scaffolds, which results in low biocompatibility. To solve these problems, microfluidic techniques are combined with TE. By providing 3-D networks and interstitial fluid flows, microfluidic platforms manage to maintain phenotype and viability of osteocytic or chondrocytic cells, and the precise manipulation of liquid, gel and air flows in microfluidic devices leads to the highly organized construction of scaffolds. Methods: In this review, we focus on the recent advances of microfluidic techniques applied in the field of tissue engineering, especially in orthropaedics. An extensive literature search was done using PubMed. The introduction describes the properties of microfluidics and how it exploits the advantages to the full in the aspects of TE. Then we discuss the application of microfluidics on the cultivation of osteocytic cells and chondrocytes, and other extended researches carried out on this platform. The following section focuses on the fabrication of highly organized scaffolds and other biomaterials produced by microfluidic devices. Finally, the incubation and studying of bone metastasis models in microfluidic platforms are discussed. Conclusion: The combination of microfluidics and tissue engineering shows great potentials in the osteocytic cell culture and scaffold fabrication. Though there are several problems that still require further exploration, the future of microfluidics in TE is promising.
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Giri, Kiran, and Chia-Wen Tsao. "Recent Advances in Thermoplastic Microfluidic Bonding." Micromachines 13, no. 3 (March 20, 2022): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030486.
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Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary technology with applications in various fields, such as biomedical, energy, chemicals and environment. Thermoplastic is one of the most prominent materials for polymer microfluidics. Properties such as good mechanical rigidity, organic solvent resistivity, acid/base resistivity, and low water absorbance make thermoplastics suitable for various microfluidic applications. However, bonding of thermoplastics has always been challenging because of a wide range of bonding methods and requirements. This review paper summarizes the current bonding processes being practiced for the fabrication of thermoplastic microfluidic devices, and provides a comparison between the different bonding strategies to assist researchers in finding appropriate bonding methods for microfluidic device assembly.
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Vitorino, Rui, Sofia Guedes, João Pinto da Costa, and Václav Kašička. "Microfluidics for Peptidomics, Proteomics, and Cell Analysis." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051118.
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Microfluidics is the advanced microtechnology of fluid manipulation in channels with at least one dimension in the range of 1–100 microns. Microfluidic technology offers a growing number of tools for manipulating small volumes of fluid to control chemical, biological, and physical processes relevant to separation, analysis, and detection. Currently, microfluidic devices play an important role in many biological, chemical, physical, biotechnological and engineering applications. There are numerous ways to fabricate the necessary microchannels and integrate them into microfluidic platforms. In peptidomics and proteomics, microfluidics is often used in combination with mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. This review provides an overview of using microfluidic systems for peptidomics, proteomics and cell analysis. The application of microfluidics in combination with MS detection and other novel techniques to answer clinical questions is also discussed in the context of disease diagnosis and therapy. Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip (electro)separation methods in proteomic and peptidomic analysis are summarized. The state of the art of microchip platforms for cell sorting and single-cell analysis is also discussed. Advances in detection methods are reported, and new applications in proteomics and peptidomics, quality control of peptide and protein pharmaceuticals, analysis of proteins and peptides in biomatrices and determination of their physicochemical parameters are highlighted.
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Chen, Yu-Shih, Chun-Hao Huang, Ping-Ching Pai, Jungmok Seo, and Kin Fong Lei. "A Review on Microfluidics-Based Impedance Biosensors." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010083.
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Electrical impedance biosensors are powerful and continuously being developed for various biological sensing applications. In this line, the sensitivity of impedance biosensors embedded with microfluidic technologies, such as sheath flow focusing, dielectrophoretic focusing, and interdigitated electrode arrays, can still be greatly improved. In particular, reagent consumption reduction and analysis time-shortening features can highly increase the analytical capabilities of such biosensors. Moreover, the reliability and efficiency of analyses are benefited by microfluidics-enabled automation. Through the use of mature microfluidic technology, complicated biological processes can be shrunk and integrated into a single microfluidic system (e.g., lab-on-a-chip or micro-total analysis systems). By incorporating electrical impedance biosensors, hand-held and bench-top microfluidic systems can be easily developed and operated by personnel without professional training. Furthermore, the impedance spectrum provides broad information regarding cell size, membrane capacitance, cytoplasmic conductivity, and cytoplasmic permittivity without the need for fluorescent labeling, magnetic modifications, or other cellular treatments. In this review article, a comprehensive summary of microfluidics-based impedance biosensors is presented. The structure of this article is based on the different substrate material categorizations. Moreover, the development trend of microfluidics-based impedance biosensors is discussed, along with difficulties and challenges that may be encountered in the future.
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Männel, Max J., Elif Baysak, and Julian Thiele. "Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices for Emulsion Formation by Microstereolithography." Molecules 26, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092817.
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Droplet microfluidics—the art and science of forming droplets—has been revolutionary for high-throughput screening, directed evolution, single-cell sequencing, and material design. However, traditional fabrication techniques for microfluidic devices suffer from several disadvantages, including multistep processing, expensive facilities, and limited three-dimensional (3D) design flexibility. High-resolution additive manufacturing—and in particular, projection micro-stereolithography (PµSL)—provides a promising path for overcoming these drawbacks. Similar to polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidics 20 years ago, 3D printing methods, such as PµSL, have provided a path toward a new era of microfluidic device design. PµSL greatly simplifies the device fabrication process, especially the access to truly 3D geometries, is cost-effective, and it enables multimaterial processing. In this review, we discuss both the basics and recent innovations in PµSL; the material basis with emphasis on custom-made photopolymer formulations; multimaterial 3D printing; and, 3D-printed microfluidic devices for emulsion formation as our focus application. Our goal is to support researchers in setting up their own PµSL system to fabricate tailor-made microfluidics.
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Zhang, Zhiwei, Yi Li, Jie Liang, Lei Zhang, and Jianhua Zhang. "P‐10.11: Digital Microfluidics Chip for Sweat Detection Based on Dielectric Wetting." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, S1 (April 2024): 1276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17339.
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Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a technique for actively dispensing and manipulating discrete microdroplets on hydrophobic surfaces. DMF devices based on electrowetting on medium (EWOD) effect are widely used due to their advantages of fast response speed, simple system and high accuracy. Microfluidics is important for sweat sensing because it minimizes sweat pollution and evaporation of sweat on the skin. However, the current microfluidic channel has some problems, such as the old and new sweat is easy to mix in the channel, the self‐driving efficiency is too low, and the small sweat volume cannot be detected in time. Digital microfluidics can accurately transmit small sweats, avoid sweat residue in the channel, and have high voltage drive efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, we will use DMF digital microfluidic array technology to realize the collection of trace sweat, and realize the collection and detection of micro‐nano fabrication technology—photolithography. In this way, it is a microfluidic sweat sensor that realizes efficient transmission, trace detection, and intelligent monitoring, and is expected to be applied in wearable sweat sensing.
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Abbasi Moud, Aref. "Cellulose through the Lens of Microfluidics: A Review." Applied Biosciences 1, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci1010001.
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Cellulose, a linear polysaccharide, is the most common and renewable biopolymer in nature. Because this natural polymer cannot be melted (heated) or dissolved (in typical organic solvents), making complicated structures from it necessitates specialized material processing design. In this review, we looked at the literature to see how cellulose in various shapes and forms has been utilized in conjunction with microfluidic chips, whether as a component of the chips, being processed by a chip, or providing characterization via chips. We utilized more than approximately 250 sources to compile this publication, and we sought to portray cellulose manufacturing utilizing a microfluidic system. The findings reveal that a variety of products, including elongated fibres, microcapsules, core–shell structures and particles, and 3D or 2D structured microfluidics-based devices, may be easily built utilizing the coupled topics of microfluidics and cellulose. This review is intended to provide a concise, visual, yet comprehensive depiction of current research on the topic of cellulose product design and understanding using microfluidics, including, but not limited to, paper-based microfluidics design and implications, and the emulsification/shape formation of cellulose inside the chips.
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Zhang, Yueyue, Tingting Zheng, Li Wang, Liang Feng, Min Wang, Zhenchao Zhang, and Huanhuan Feng. "From passive to active sorting in microfluidics: A review." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0044.
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Abstract Achieving high-efficiency sorting of microfluidics (such as cells, particles, droplets, etc.) has great significance in the fields of biology, chemistry, medical treatment, material synthesis, and drug development. This paper introduces the microfluidics sorting methods in recent years. The current research status and progress can be divided into the active sorting system and passive sorting system according to whether there is an external field. They can control the microfluidics by promoting more selective separation, so as to obtain higher resolution and selection rate. In this paper, the above methods are analyzed and discussed, and the future microfluidic sorting is prospected.
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Yap, Boon, Siti M.Soair, Noor Talik, Wai Lim, and Lai Mei I. "Potential Point-of-Care Microfluidic Devices to Diagnose Iron Deficiency Anemia." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082625.
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Over the past 20 years, rapid technological advancement in the field of microfluidics has produced a wide array of microfluidic point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices for the healthcare industry. However, potential microfluidic applications in the field of nutrition, specifically to diagnose iron deficiency anemia (IDA) detection, remain scarce. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia, which affects billions of people globally, especially the elderly, women, and children. This review comprehensively analyzes the current diagnosis technologies that address anemia-related IDA-POC microfluidic devices in the future. This review briefly highlights various microfluidics devices that have the potential to detect IDA and discusses some commercially available devices for blood plasma separation mechanisms. Reagent deposition and integration into microfluidic devices are also explored. Finally, we discuss the challenges of insights into potential portable microfluidic systems, especially for remote IDA detection.
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Jeyhani, Morteza, Maryam Navi, Katherine W. Y. Chan, Jennifer Kieda, and Scott S. H. Tsai. "Water-in-water droplet microfluidics: A design manual." Biomicrofluidics 16, no. 6 (December 2022): 061503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0119316.
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Droplet microfluidics is utilized in a wide range of applications in biomedicine and biology. Applications include rapid biochemical analysis, materials generation, biochemical assays, and point-of-care medicine. The integration of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) into droplet microfluidic platforms has potential utility in oil-free biological and biomedical applications, namely, reducing cytotoxicity and preserving the native form and function of costly biomolecular reagents. In this review, we present a design manual for the chemist, biologist, and engineer to design experiments in the context of their biological applications using all-in-water droplet microfluidic systems. We describe the studies achievable using these systems and the corresponding fabrication and stabilization methods. With this information, readers may apply the fundamental principles and recent advancements in ATPS droplet microfluidics to their research. Finally, we propose a development roadmap of opportunities to utilize ATPS droplet microfluidics in applications that remain underexplored.
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Mu, Ruojun, Nitong Bu, Jie Pang, Lin Wang, and Yue Zhang. "Recent Trends of Microfluidics in Food Science and Technology: Fabrications and Applications." Foods 11, no. 22 (November 20, 2022): 3727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11223727.
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The development of novel materials with microstructures is now a trend in food science and technology. These microscale materials may be applied across all steps in food manufacturing, from raw materials to the final food products, as well as in the packaging, transport, and storage processes. Microfluidics is an advanced technology for controlling fluids in a microscale channel (1~100 μm), which integrates engineering, physics, chemistry, nanotechnology, etc. This technology allows unit operations to occur in devices that are closer in size to the expected structural elements. Therefore, microfluidics is considered a promising technology to develop micro/nanostructures for delivery purposes to improve the quality and safety of foods. This review concentrates on the recent developments of microfluidic systems and their novel applications in food science and technology, including microfibers/films via microfluidic spinning technology for food packaging, droplet microfluidics for food micro-/nanoemulsifications and encapsulations, etc.
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Schwemmer, F., S. Zehnle, D. Mark, F. von Stetten, R. Zengerle, and N. Paust. "A microfluidic timer for timed valving and pumping in centrifugal microfluidics." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 6 (2015): 1545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc01269k.
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Sharma, Smriti, and Vinayak Bhatia. "Magnetic nanoparticles in microfluidics-based diagnostics: an appraisal." Nanomedicine 16, no. 15 (June 2021): 1329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2021-0007.
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The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in microfluidics based diagnostics is a classic case of micro-, nano- and bio-technology coming together to design extremely controllable, reproducible, and scalable nano and micro ‘ on-chip bio sensing systems.’ In this review, applications of MNPs in microfluidics ranging from molecular diagnostics and immunodiagnostics to clinical uses have been examined. In addition, microfluidic mixing and capture of analytes using MNPs, and MNPs as carriers in microfluidic devices has been investigated. Finally, the challenges and future directions of this upcoming field have been summarized. The use of MNP-based microfluidic devices, will help in developing decentralized or ‘ point of care’ testing globally, contributing to affordable healthcare, particularly, for middle- and low-income developing countries.
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Amirifar, Leyla, Mohsen Besanjideh, Rohollah Nasiri, Amir Shamloo, Fatemeh Nasrollahi, Natan Roberto de Barros, Elham Davoodi, et al. "Droplet-based microfluidics in biomedical applications." Biofabrication 14, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ac39a9.
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Abstract Droplet-based microfluidic systems have been employed to manipulate discrete fluid volumes with immiscible phases. Creating the fluid droplets at microscale has led to a paradigm shift in mixing, sorting, encapsulation, sensing, and designing high throughput devices for biomedical applications. Droplet microfluidics has opened many opportunities in microparticle synthesis, molecular detection, diagnostics, drug delivery, and cell biology. In the present review, we first introduce standard methods for droplet generation (i.e. passive and active methods) and discuss the latest examples of emulsification and particle synthesis approaches enabled by microfluidic platforms. Then, the applications of droplet-based microfluidics in different biomedical applications are detailed. Finally, a general overview of the latest trends along with the perspectives and future potentials in the field are provided.
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Lai, Xiaochen, Mingpeng Yang, Hao Wu, and Dachao Li. "Modular Microfluidics: Current Status and Future Prospects." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081363.
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This review mainly studies the development status, limitations, and future directions of modular microfluidic systems. Microfluidic technology is an important tool platform for scientific research and plays an important role in various fields. With the continuous development of microfluidic applications, conventional monolithic microfluidic chips show more and more limitations. A modular microfluidic system is a system composed of interconnected, independent modular microfluidic chips, which are easy to use, highly customizable, and on-site deployable. In this paper, the current forms of modular microfluidic systems are classified and studied. The popular fabrication techniques for modular blocks, the major application scenarios of modular microfluidics, and the limitations of modular techniques are also discussed. Lastly, this review provides prospects for the future direction of modular microfluidic technologies.
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Tsur, Elishai Ezra. "Computer-Aided Design of Microfluidic Circuits." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 22, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082219-033358.
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Microfluidic devices developed over the past decade feature greater intricacy, increased performance requirements, new materials, and innovative fabrication methods. Consequentially, new algorithmic and design approaches have been developed to introduce optimization and computer-aided design to microfluidic circuits: from conceptualization to specification, synthesis, realization, and refinement. The field includes the development of new description languages, optimization methods, benchmarks, and integrated design tools. Here, recent advancements are reviewed in the computer-aided design of flow-, droplet-, and paper-based microfluidics. A case study of the design of resistive microfluidic networks is discussed in detail. The review concludes with perspectives on the future of computer-aided microfluidics design, including the introduction of cloud computing, machine learning, new ideation processes, and hybrid optimization.
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Eid, Joëlle, Marylène Mougel, and Marius Socol. "Advances in Continuous Microfluidics-Based Technologies for the Study of HIV Infection." Viruses 12, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090982.
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HIV-1 is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It affects millions of people worldwide and the pandemic persists despite the implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. A wide spectrum of techniques has been implemented in order to diagnose and monitor AIDS progression over the years. Besides the conventional approaches, microfluidics has provided useful methods for monitoring HIV-1 infection. In this review, we introduce continuous microfluidics as well as the fabrication and handling of microfluidic chips. We provide a review of the different applications of continuous microfluidics in AIDS diagnosis and progression and in the basic study of the HIV-1 life cycle.
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Hammami, Saber, Aleksandr Oseev, Sylwester Bargiel, Rabah Zeggari, Céline Elie-Caille, and Thérèse Leblois. "Microfluidics for High Pressure: Integration on GaAs Acoustic Biosensors with a Leakage-Free PDMS Based on Bonding Technology." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050755.
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Microfluidics integration of acoustic biosensors is an actively developing field. Despite significant progress in “passive” microfluidic technology, integration with microacoustic devices is still in its research state. The major challenge is bonding polymers with monocrystalline piezoelectrics to seal microfluidic biosensors. In this contribution, we specifically address the challenge of microfluidics integration on gallium arsenide (GaAs) acoustic biosensors. We have developed a robust plasma-assisted bonding technology, allowing strong connections between PDMS microfluidic chip and GaAs/SiO2 at low temperatures (70 °C). Mechanical and fluidic performances of fabricated device were studied. The bonding surfaces were characterized by water contact angle measurement and ATR-FTIR, AFM, and SEM analysis. The bonding strength was characterized using a tensile machine and pressure/leakage tests. The study showed that the sealed chips were able to achieve a limit of high bonding strength of 2.01 MPa. The adhesion of PDMS to GaAs was significantly improved by use of SiO2 intermediate layer, permitting the bonded chip to withstand at least 8.5 bar of burst pressure. The developed bonding approach can be a valuable solution for microfluidics integration in several types of MEMS devices.
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Sengupta, Anupam. "Novel optofluidic concepts enabled by topological microfluidics-INVITED." EPJ Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 10002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125510002.
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The coupling between flow and director orientation of liquid crystals (LCs) has been long utilized to devise wide-ranging applications spanning modern displays, medical and environmental solutions, and bio-inspired designs and applications. LC-based optofluidic platforms offer a non-invasive handle to modulate light and material fields, both locally and dynamically. The flow-driven reorientation of the LC molecules can tailor distinct optical and mechanical responses in microfluidic confinements, and harness the coupling therein. Yet the synergy between traditional optofluidics with isotropic fluids and LC microfluidics remains at its infancy. Here, we discuss emerging optofluidic concepts based on Topological Microfluidics, leveraging microfluidic control of topological defects and defect landscapes. With a specific focus on the role of surface anchoring and microfluidic geometry, we present recent and ongoing works that harness flow-controlled director and defect configurations to modulate optical fields. The flow-induced optical attributes, and the corresponding feedback, is enhanced in the vicinity of the topological defects which geenerate distinct isotropic opto-material properties within an anisotropic matrix. By harnessing the rich interplay of confining geometry, anchoring and micro-scale nematodynamics, topological microfluidics offers a promising platform to ideate the next generation of optofluidic and optomechnical concepts.