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Journal articles on the topic 'Microfluidic sorting'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 March 2025

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1

Fan, Dan, Yi Liu, and Yaling Liu. "The Latest Advances in Microfluidic DLD Cell Sorting Technology: The Optimization of Channel Design." Biosensors 15, no. 2 (February 19, 2025): 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020126.

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Cell sorting plays a crucial role in both medical and biological research. As a key passive sorting technique in the field of microfluidics, deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) has been widely applied to cell separation and sorting. This review aims to summarize the latest advances in the optimization of channel design for microfluidic DLD cell sorting. First, we provide an overview of the design elements of microfluidic DLD cell sorting channels, focusing on key factors that affect separation efficiency and accuracy, including channel geometry, fluid dynamics, and the interaction between cells and channel surfaces. Subsequently, we review recent innovations and progress in channel design for microfluidic DLD technology, exploring its applications in biomedical fields and its integration with machine learning. Additionally, we discuss the challenges currently faced in optimizing channel design for microfluidic DLD cell sorting. Finally, based on existing research, we make a summary and put forward prospective views on the further development of this field.

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Khodamoradi, Maedeh, Saeed Rafizadeh Tafti, Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh, Behrouz Aflatoonian, Mostafa Azimzadeh, and Patricia Khashayar. "Recent Microfluidic Innovations for Sperm Sorting." Chemosensors 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9060126.

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Sperm selection is a clinical need for guided fertilization in men with low-quality semen. In this regard, microfluidics can provide an enabling platform for the precise manipulation and separation of high-quality sperm cells through applying various stimuli, including chemical agents, mechanical forces, and thermal gradients. In addition, microfluidic platforms can help to guide sperms and oocytes for controlled in vitro fertilization or sperm sorting using both passive and active methods. Herein, we present a detailed review of the use of various microfluidic methods for sorting and categorizing sperms for different applications. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are further discussed and future perspectives in the field are given.

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3

Zhang, Yueyue, Tingting Zheng, Li Wang, Liang Feng, Min Wang, Zhenchao Zhang, and Huanhuan Feng. "From passive to active sorting in microfluidics: A review." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0044.

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Abstract Achieving high-efficiency sorting of microfluidics (such as cells, particles, droplets, etc.) has great significance in the fields of biology, chemistry, medical treatment, material synthesis, and drug development. This paper introduces the microfluidics sorting methods in recent years. The current research status and progress can be divided into the active sorting system and passive sorting system according to whether there is an external field. They can control the microfluidics by promoting more selective separation, so as to obtain higher resolution and selection rate. In this paper, the above methods are analyzed and discussed, and the future microfluidic sorting is prospected.

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Yang, He, and Tuomas P. J. Knowles. "Hydrodynamics of Droplet Sorting in Asymmetric Acute Junctions." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101640.

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Droplet sorting is one of the fundamental manipulations of droplet-based microfluidics. Although many sorting methods have already been proposed, there is still a demand to develop new sorting methods for various applications of droplet-based microfluidics. This work presents numerical investigations on droplet sorting with asymmetric acute junctions. It is found that the asymmetric acute junctions could achieve volume-based sorting and velocity-based sorting. The pressure distributions in the asymmetric junctions are discussed to reveal the physical mechanism behind the droplet sorting. The dependence of the droplet sorting on the droplet volume, velocity, and junction angle is explored. The possibility of the employment of the proposed sorting method in most real experiments is also discussed. This work provides a new, simple, and cost-effective passive strategy to separate droplets in microfluidic channels. Moreover, the proposed acute junctions could be used in combination with other sorting methods, which may boost more opportunities to sort droplets.

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Chiu, Yi-Lung, Ruchi Ashok Kumar Yadav, Hong-Yuan Huang, Yi-Wen Wang, and Da-Jeng Yao. "Unveiling the Potential of Droplet Generation, Sorting, Expansion, and Restoration in Microfluidic Biochips." Micromachines 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10110756.

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Microfluidic biochip techniques are prominently replacing conventional biochemical analyzers by the integration of all functions necessary for biochemical analysis using microfluidics. The microfluidics of droplets offer exquisite control over the size of microliter samples to satisfy the requirements of embryo culture, which might involve a size ranging from picoliter to nanoliter. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the mainstream material for the fabrication of microfluidic devices due to its excellent biocompatibility and simplicity of fabrication. Herein, we developed a microfluidic biomedical chip on a PDMS substrate that integrated four key functions—generation of a droplet of an emulsion, sorting, expansion and restoration, which were employed in a mouse embryo system to assess reproductive medicine. The main channel of the designed chip had width of 1200 μm and height of 500 μm. The designed microfluidic chips possessed six sections—cleaved into three inlets and three outlets—to study the key functions with five-day embryo culture. The control part of the experiment was conducted with polystyrene (PS) beads (100 μm), the same size as the murine embryos, for the purpose of testing. The outcomes of our work illustrate that the rate of success of the static droplet culture group (87.5%) is only slightly less than that of a conventional group (95%). It clearly demonstrates that a droplet-based microfluidic system can produce a droplet in a volume range from picoliter to nanoliter.

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Buschke, D. G., P. Resto, N. Schumacher, B. Cox, A. Tallavajhula, A. Vivekanandan, K. W. Eliceiri, J. C. Williams, and B. M. Ogle. "Microfluidic sorting of microtissues." Biomicrofluidics 6, no. 1 (March 2012): 014116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3692765.

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7

Catarino, Susana O., Raquel O. Rodrigues, Diana Pinho, João M. Miranda, Graça Minas, and Rui Lima. "Blood Cells Separation and Sorting Techniques of Passive Microfluidic Devices: From Fabrication to Applications." Micromachines 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090593.

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Since the first microfluidic device was developed more than three decades ago, microfluidics is seen as a technology that exhibits unique features to provide a significant change in the way that modern biology is performed. Blood and blood cells are recognized as important biomarkers of many diseases. Taken advantage of microfluidics assets, changes on blood cell physicochemical properties can be used for fast and accurate clinical diagnosis. In this review, an overview of the microfabrication techniques is given, especially for biomedical applications, as well as a synopsis of some design considerations regarding microfluidic devices. The blood cells separation and sorting techniques were also reviewed, highlighting the main achievements and breakthroughs in the last decades.

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8

Wang, Xiao, Xiaodi Yang, and Ian Papautsky. "An integrated inertial microfluidic vortex sorter for tunable sorting and purification of cells." TECHNOLOGY 04, no. 02 (June 2016): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2339547816400112.

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Sorting of target cells from complex cellular samples into a high-purity product is challenging yet essential for downstream cell biology research and clinical diagnostics. Inertial microfluidics is an emerging technology attracting a lot of interest for passive and label-free sorting of cells with high throughput. Here, we introduce an inertial microfluidic device based on our vortex sorting platform for continuous size-based double sorting and purification of the larger target cells from the smaller background cells. Our device uses a microscale chamber with three outlets as a sorting unit, and integrates it into a specific topology to enable double sorting and purification functionalities. With properly designed fluidic resistance network and optimized flow conditions, we demonstrated continuous sorting of spiked human cancer stem-like cells from human blood with >90% efficiency and >1,500× enhanced purity, as well as removal of red blood cells with ~99.97% efficiency. We envision this integrated vortex-aided sorter can serve as a viable tool for size-based sorting of large target cells from complex cellular samples. Furthermore, this vortex-aided sorting platform can be integrated into more sophisticated topology with versatile functions for other cell sorting applications.

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9

Zhu, Guiping, and Nam Trung Nguyen. "Particle Sorting in Microfluidic Systems." Micro and Nanosystemse 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876402911002030202.

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10

Xue, Xinyue, Hongjun Ye, and Zuocheng Hu. "Microfluidic System for Cell Sorting." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2012, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2012/1/012129.

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11

Chen, Pu. "Microfluidic chips for cell sorting." Frontiers in Bioscience 13, no. 13 (2008): 2464. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/2859.

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12

Ahmadi, Fatemeh, Kenza Samlali, Philippe Q. N. Vo, and Steve C. C. Shih. "An integrated droplet-digital microfluidic system for on-demand droplet creation, mixing, incubation, and sorting." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 3 (2019): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8lc01170b.

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A new microfluidic platform that integrates droplet and digital microfluidics to automate a variety of fluidic operations. The platform was applied to culturing and to selecting yeast mutant cells in ionic liquid.

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13

Nan, Xueli, Jiale Zhang, Xin Wang, Tongtong Kang, Xinxin Cao, Jinjin Hao, Qikun Jia, Bolin Qin, Shixuan Mei, and Zhikuan Xu. "Design of a Low-Frequency Dielectrophoresis-Based Arc Microfluidic Chip for Multigroup Cell Sorting." Micromachines 14, no. 8 (August 5, 2023): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14081561.

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Dielectrophoresis technology is applied to microfluidic chips to achieve microscopic control of cells. Currently, microfluidic chips based on dielectrophoresis have certain limitations in terms of cell sorting species, in order to explore a microfluidic chip with excellent performance and high versatility. In this paper, we designed a microfluidic chip that can be used for continuous cell sorting, with the structural design of a curved channel and curved double side electrodes. CM factors were calculated for eight human healthy blood cells and cancerous cells using the software MyDEP, the simulation of various blood cells sorting and the simulation of the joule heat effect of the microfluidic chip were completed using the software COMSOL Multiphysics. The effect of voltage and inlet flow velocity on the simulation results was discussed using the control variables method. We found feasible parameters from simulation results under different voltages and inlet flow velocities, and the feasibility of the design was verified from multiple perspectives by measuring cell movement trajectories, cell recovery rate and separation purity. This paper provides a universal method for cell, particle and even protein sorting.

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14

Phiphattanaphiphop, Chalinee, Komgrit Leksakul, Thananut Wanta, Trisadee Khamlor, and Rungrueang Phattanakun. "Antibody-Conjugated Magnetic Beads for Sperm Sexing Using a Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube Microfluidic Device." Micromachines 13, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030426.

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This study proposes a microfluidic device used for X-/Y-sperm separation based on monoclonal antibody-conjugated magnetic beads, which become positively charged in the flow system. Y-sperms were selectively captured via a monoclonal antibody and transferred onto the microfluidic device and were discarded, so that X-sperms can be isolated and commercially exploited for fertilization demands of female cattle in dairy industry. Therefore, the research team used monoclonal antibody-conjugated magnetic beads to increase the force that causes the Y-sperm to be pulled out of the system, leaving only the X-sperm for further use. The experimental design was divided into the following: Model 1, the microfluid system for sorting positive magnetic beads, which yielded 100% separation; Model 2, the sorting of monoclonal antibody-conjugated magnetic beads in the fluid system, yielding 98.84% microcirculation; Model 3, the sorting of monoclonal antibody-conjugated magnetic beads with sperm in the microfluid system, yielding 80.12% microcirculation. Moreover, the fabrication microfluidic system had thin film electrodes created via UV lithography and MWCNTs electrode structure capable of erecting an electrode wall 1500 µm above the floor with a flow channel width of only 100 µm. The system was tested using a constant flow rate of 2 µL/min and X-/Y-sperm were separated using carbon nanotube electrodes at 2.5 V. The structure created with the use of vertical electrodes and monoclonal antibody-conjugated magnetic beads technique produced a higher effective rejection effect and was able to remove a large number of unwanted sperm from the system with 80.12% efficiency.

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15

Amirifar, Leyla, Mohsen Besanjideh, Rohollah Nasiri, Amir Shamloo, Fatemeh Nasrollahi, Natan Roberto de Barros, Elham Davoodi, et al. "Droplet-based microfluidics in biomedical applications." Biofabrication 14, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ac39a9.

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Abstract Droplet-based microfluidic systems have been employed to manipulate discrete fluid volumes with immiscible phases. Creating the fluid droplets at microscale has led to a paradigm shift in mixing, sorting, encapsulation, sensing, and designing high throughput devices for biomedical applications. Droplet microfluidics has opened many opportunities in microparticle synthesis, molecular detection, diagnostics, drug delivery, and cell biology. In the present review, we first introduce standard methods for droplet generation (i.e. passive and active methods) and discuss the latest examples of emulsification and particle synthesis approaches enabled by microfluidic platforms. Then, the applications of droplet-based microfluidics in different biomedical applications are detailed. Finally, a general overview of the latest trends along with the perspectives and future potentials in the field are provided.

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16

Xi, Wang, Fang Kong, Joo Chuan Yeo, Longteng Yu, Surabhi Sonam, Ming Dao, Xiaobo Gong, and Chwee Teck Lim. "Soft tubular microfluidics for 2D and 3D applications." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 40 (September 18, 2017): 10590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712195114.

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Microfluidics has been the key component for many applications, including biomedical devices, chemical processors, microactuators, and even wearable devices. This technology relies on soft lithography fabrication which requires cleanroom facilities. Although popular, this method is expensive and labor-intensive. Furthermore, current conventional microfluidic chips precludes reconfiguration, making reiterations in design very time-consuming and costly. To address these intrinsic drawbacks of microfabrication, we present an alternative solution for the rapid prototyping of microfluidic elements such as microtubes, valves, and pumps. In addition, we demonstrate how microtubes with channels of various lengths and cross-sections can be attached modularly into 2D and 3D microfluidic systems for functional applications. We introduce a facile method of fabricating elastomeric microtubes as the basic building blocks for microfluidic devices. These microtubes are transparent, biocompatible, highly deformable, and customizable to various sizes and cross-sectional geometries. By configuring the microtubes into deterministic geometry, we enable rapid, low-cost formation of microfluidic assemblies without compromising their precision and functionality. We demonstrate configurable 2D and 3D microfluidic systems for applications in different domains. These include microparticle sorting, microdroplet generation, biocatalytic micromotor, triboelectric sensor, and even wearable sensing. Our approach, termed soft tubular microfluidics, provides a simple, cheaper, and faster solution for users lacking proficiency and access to cleanroom facilities to design and rapidly construct microfluidic devices for their various applications and needs.

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17

Midkiff, Daniel, and Adriana San-Miguel. "Microfluidic Technologies for High Throughput Screening Through Sorting and On-Chip Culture of C. elegans." Molecules 24, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 4292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234292.

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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model organism that has been widely used to study molecular biology, cell development, neurobiology, and aging. Despite their use for the past several decades, the conventional techniques for growth, imaging, and behavioral analysis of C. elegans can be cumbersome, and acquiring large data sets in a high-throughput manner can be challenging. Developments in microfluidic “lab-on-a-chip” technologies have improved studies of C. elegans by increasing experimental control and throughput. Microfluidic features such as on-chip control layers, immobilization channels, and chamber arrays have been incorporated to develop increasingly complex platforms that make experimental techniques more powerful. Genetic and chemical screens are performed on C. elegans to determine gene function and phenotypic outcomes of perturbations, to test the effect that chemicals have on health and behavior, and to find drug candidates. In this review, we will discuss microfluidic technologies that have been used to increase the throughput of genetic and chemical screens in C. elegans. We will discuss screens for neurobiology, aging, development, behavior, and many other biological processes. We will also discuss robotic technologies that assist in microfluidic screens, as well as alternate platforms that perform functions similar to microfluidics.

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18

Majeed, Bivragh, Chengxun Liu, Erik Sohn, Lut Van Acker, Koen De Wijs, Deniz Sabuncuoglu, and Liesbet Lagae. "Silicon based cell sorting device: Fabrication, characterization and applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2016, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 000019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2016-tp15.

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Abstract Cell sorting is an important diagnostic tool used in various aspect of medical prognosis. Numerous cell sorting techniques are currently available on market but they are quite bulky, expensive and at the same time requires very trained operators. In this paper we report on wafer level fabrication technique that will allows for a small form factor device targeting cell sorting. We give detailed overview for the fabrication of our miniaturized cell sorter that is formed with a CMOS compatible process. It used standard fabrication technique in combination with photo-patternable polymer, that has excellent properties for microfluidics applications. The ability to process on wafer level distinguish this from other processes, whose yields are limited to few test samples. The device fabrication includes: processing of micro-heaters, definition of polymer microfluidic channels and collective die-to-wafer bonding of glass substrate onto the polymer channels. We report on the initial characterization of the cell sorting targeting sorting rate and sorting yield. We have achieved sorting rate of 5,000 cells/s and yield of 70% is obtained in initial investigations.

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19

Vitorino, Rui, Sofia Guedes, João Pinto da Costa, and Václav Kašička. "Microfluidics for Peptidomics, Proteomics, and Cell Analysis." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051118.

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Microfluidics is the advanced microtechnology of fluid manipulation in channels with at least one dimension in the range of 1–100 microns. Microfluidic technology offers a growing number of tools for manipulating small volumes of fluid to control chemical, biological, and physical processes relevant to separation, analysis, and detection. Currently, microfluidic devices play an important role in many biological, chemical, physical, biotechnological and engineering applications. There are numerous ways to fabricate the necessary microchannels and integrate them into microfluidic platforms. In peptidomics and proteomics, microfluidics is often used in combination with mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. This review provides an overview of using microfluidic systems for peptidomics, proteomics and cell analysis. The application of microfluidics in combination with MS detection and other novel techniques to answer clinical questions is also discussed in the context of disease diagnosis and therapy. Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip (electro)separation methods in proteomic and peptidomic analysis are summarized. The state of the art of microchip platforms for cell sorting and single-cell analysis is also discussed. Advances in detection methods are reported, and new applications in proteomics and peptidomics, quality control of peptide and protein pharmaceuticals, analysis of proteins and peptides in biomatrices and determination of their physicochemical parameters are highlighted.

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20

Zhukov, Alex, Robyn Pritchard, Mick Withers, Tony Hailes, Richard Gold, Calum Hayes, Mette la Cour, Fred Hussein, and Salman Rogers. "Extremely High-Throughput Parallel Microfluidic Vortex-Actuated Cell Sorting." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040389.

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We demonstrate extremely high-throughput microfluidic cell sorting by making a parallel version of the vortex-actuated cell sorter (VACS). The set-up includes a parallel microfluidic sorter chip and parallel cytometry instrumentation: optics, electronics and control software. The result is capable of sorting lymphocyte-sized particles at 16 times the rate of our single-stream VACS devices, and approximately 10 times the rate of commercial cell sorters for an equivalent procedure. We believe this opens the potential to scale cell sorting for applications requiring the processing of much greater cell numbers than currently possible with conventional cell sorting.

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21

Soh, Tom H., and Allen Yang. "Acoustophoretic cell sorting in microfluidic channels." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132, no. 3 (September 2012): 1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4755183.

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22

MacDonald, M. P., G. C. Spalding, and K. Dholakia. "Microfluidic sorting in an optical lattice." Nature 426, no. 6965 (November 2003): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02144.

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23

Clark, Iain C., Rohan Thakur, and Adam R. Abate. "Concentric electrodes improve microfluidic droplet sorting." Lab on a Chip 18, no. 5 (2018): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7lc01242j.

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24

Zhou, Jian, Prithviraj Mukherjee, Hua Gao, Qiyue Luan, and Ian Papautsky. "Label-free microfluidic sorting of microparticles." APL Bioengineering 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 041504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5120501.

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25

Sun, Y. Y., L. S. Ong, and X. C. Yuan. "Composite-microlens-array-enabled microfluidic sorting." Applied Physics Letters 89, no. 14 (October 2, 2006): 141108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2358306.

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Dasgupta, R., R. S. Verma, and P. K. Gupta. "Microfluidic sorting with blinking optical traps." Optics Letters 37, no. 10 (May 15, 2012): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.001739.

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Tan, Yung-Chieh, Yao Li Ho, and Abraham Phillip Lee. "Microfluidic sorting of droplets by size." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 4, no. 4 (June 29, 2007): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10404-007-0184-1.

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28

Maillard, Thibault, and Gioele Balestra. "Inertial Microfluidic based Particle Sorting Device." Advanced Inkjet Technology 1, no. 1 (January 29, 2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/ait.2024.1.1.21.

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29

Tasoglu, Savas, Hooman Safaee, Xiaohui Zhang, James L. Kingsley, Paolo N. Catalano, Umut Atakan Gurkan, Aida Nureddin, et al. "Microfluidic Sorting: Exhaustion of Racing Sperm in Nature-Mimicking Microfluidic Channels During Sorting (Small 20/2013)." Small 9, no. 20 (October 18, 2013): 3366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201370121.

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Sipahi, Mehmet, Şebnem Alanya Tosun, and Sadettin Oguzhan Tutar. "Experience of our clinic in intrauterine insemination cycles made with microfluidic sperm sorting chips." Aegean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 3, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/aejog.v3i1.81.

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Objective: Determination of the clinical pregnancy rate in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles performed with microfluidic sperm sorting chips. Material and Methods: In Giresun University Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital Infertility Clinic, 133 patients who underwent IUI after ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins in unexplained infertility, mild to moderate male factor, ovulatory dysfunction, mild endometriosis were retrospectively analyzed between January 2016-January 2020. Microfluidic sperm sorting chip was used for sperm preparation. Results: The number of cycles was found to be 133. Mean female age was; 29.9±4.7 years, mean total motile sperm count was; 72.9±63.7 million, mean antral follicle count was; 18.1±10.1, the mean total gonadotropin dose used was 897.6±366 IU. Considering the causes of infertility; 54.1% unexplained, 8.3% mild male factor, 31.6% polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 6% endometriosis. The clinical pregnancy rate was found to be 19.5% (26/133). Conclusion: Microfluidic sperm sorting chips provide an increase in clinical pregnancy rates compared to conventional methods in IUI cycles and allow for a practical and rapid sperm preparation. Key Words: IUI, microfluidic sperm sorting chip, clinical pregnancy rate.

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Wyatt Shields IV, C., Catherine D. Reyes, and Gabriel P. López. "Microfluidic cell sorting: a review of the advances in the separation of cells from debulking to rare cell isolation." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 5 (2015): 1230–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc01246a.

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Birendra Kumar Julee Choudhary, Sundararajan Ananiah Durai, and Nabihah Ahmad. "Smart Microfluidic Devices for Point-Of-Care Applications." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 114, no. 1 (February 16, 2024): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.114.1.119133.

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Microfluidics is an emerging technology vital in the bio-medical sector, encompassing Lab-On-Chip (LOC), drug delivery, maladies diagnostic, and various healthcare fields. Additionally, its day-by-day research studies on drug discovery, cell sorting, and manipulation enrich bio-medical applications. This article provides an overview of the widely used microfluidic devices that are readily available for the commercial sector, improving medical diagnostics with the optimal transduction approaches for Point-Of-Care (POC) applications. On the other hand, some devices still in the development stage are discussed, along with their challenges in commercialization.

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Jamrus, Muhammad Asyraf, and Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad. "Recent Advancements in Microfluidic Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting Devices." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 3 (December 29, 2024): 19–29. https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v23n3.561.

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In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the creation of microfluidic devices for sorting circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which has transformed the field of cancer diagnosis. This study offers a thorough examination of the most recent developments in microfluidic technology created for accurate and effective isolation of CTCs from intricate biological materials. The integration of active and passive techniques on microfluidic systems has resulted in advancements in sensitivity, specificity, and therapeutic relevance. Advanced methods like acoustofluidic and microfluidic dielectrophoresis can be used for specific capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), while simpler approaches such as size-based filtering and deterministic lateral displacement are suitable for various sample types. Hybrid methods, which blend the advantages of active and passive principles, have become a potential strategy for enhancing CTC isolation efficiency. These advancements have far-reaching implications for liquid biopsy applications, making it easier to monitor cancer progression, detect it early, and evaluate responses to treatment without intrusive procedures.

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Alias, Anand Baby, Shubhanvit Mishra, Gaurav Pendharkar, Chi-Shuo Chen, Cheng-Hsien Liu, Yi-Ju Liu, and Da-Jeng Yao. "Microfluidic Microalgae System: A Review." Molecules 27, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061910.

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Microalgae that have recently captivated interest worldwide are a great source of renewable, sustainable and economical biofuels. The extensive potential application in the renewable energy, biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries have made them necessary resources for green energy. Microalgae can substitute liquid fossil fuels based on cost, renewability and environmental concern. Microfluidic-based systems outperform their competitors by executing many functions, such as sorting and analysing small volumes of samples (nanolitre to picolitre) with better sensitivities. In this review, we consider the developing uses of microfluidic technology on microalgal processes such as cell sorting, cultivation, harvesting and applications in biofuels and biosensing.

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Ji, Miaomiao, Junping Duan, Wenxuan Zang, Zhongbao Luo, Zeng Qu, Xiaohong Li, and Binzhen Zhang. "Ultra-high precision passive particle sorting chip coupling inertial microfluidics and single row micropillar arrays." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 4 (March 7, 2022): 045004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac56e9.

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Abstract In this work, we propose a chip for high-throughput and high-precision particle sorting through coupled inertial microfluidics and a single-row micropillar array. The effect of a single-row micropillar array arrangement on the separation effect was studied in order to optimize the structure. The micropillar array was set to be 1/4 away from the outlet. The offset single row micropillar array can achieve higher precision sorting effect after optimization. Compared with cascaded deterministic lateral displacement arrays to the outer spiral, this structure not only reduces the chip size, but also has a lower blocking probability. In addition, the problem of flow resistance mismatch is avoided. Our chip sorting efficiency is higher in comparison with pure inertial microfluidic chip. Our chip successfully completely separated a small amount of 20 μm particles from the mixture of 5 μm particles and 20 μm particles through experiments, and the separation efficiency was close to 100%. Our chip structure has simple processing technology and low cost, which is suitable for the high-precision separation of two different particle sizes. High flux can be achieved by using passive separation technology. The chip can withstand a maximum flow rate of 9.4 m s−1. In general, it provides a new idea for ultra-high precision particle separation and microfluidic chip manufacturing at high flow rates.

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Aoyama, Tadayoshi, Amalka De Zoysa, Qingyi Gu, Takeshi Takaki, and Idaku Ishii. "Vision-Based Real-Time Microflow-Rate Control System for Cell Analysis." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 854–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0854.

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[abstFig src='/00280006/09.jpg' width='300' text='Snapshots of particle sorting experiment using our system' ] On-chip cell analysis is an important issue for microtechnology research, and microfluidic devices are frequently used in on-chip cell analysis systems. One approach to controlling the fluid flow in microfluidic devices for cell analysis is to use a suitable pumps. However, it is difficult to control the actual flow-rate in a microfluidic device because of the difficulty in placing flow-rate sensors in the device. In this study, we developed a real-time flow-rate control system that uses syringe pumps and high-speed vision to measure the actual fluid flow in microfluidic devices. The developed flow-rate control system was verified through experiments on microparticle velocity control and microparticle sorting.

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Jakobsson, Ola, Carl Grenvall, Maria Nordin, Mikael Evander, and Thomas Laurell. "Acoustic actuated fluorescence activated sorting of microparticles." Lab Chip 14, no. 11 (2014): 1943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3lc51408k.

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Neculai-Valeanu, Andra-Sabina, and Adina Mirela Ariton. "Game-Changing Approaches in Sperm Sex-Sorting: Microfluidics and Nanotechnology." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041182.

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The utilization of sex-sorted sperm for artificial insemination and in-vitro fertilization is considered a valuable tool for improving production efficiency and optimizing reproductive management in farm animals, subsequently ensuring sufficient food resource for the growing human population. Despite the fact that sperm sex-sorting is one of the most intense studied technologies and notable progress have been made in the past three decades to optimize it, the conception rates when using sex-sorted semen are still under expectations. Assisted reproduction programs may benefit from the use of emergent nano and microfluidic-based technologies. This article addresses the currently used methods for sperm sex-sorting, as well as the emerging ones, based on nanotechnology and microfluidics emphasizing on their practical and economic applicability.

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Lingadahalli Kotreshappa, Sreedevi, Chempi Gurudas Nayak, and Santhosh Krishnan Venkata. "A Review on the Role of Microflow Parameter Measurements for Microfluidics Applications." Systems 11, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11030113.

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Microfluidics has risen to a new zone of exploration because of its application in numerous fields. The integration of microfluidics and sensor technology bridges gaps in heat transfer areas, the medical field, and the chemical industry at the microscale flow level. This paper reviews the latest work conducted in microfluidics with the help of microflow parameter measurements in microfluidic applications, microflow sensor inventions, novel microflow pathway design, and an assessment of the keyway of fluid behavior in microchannels. The emphasis is on highlighting a significant part of recent research on developing microfluidics applications using the previously explored microflow characteristic measurements. The details of heat transfer, blending, and sorting, along with different medical applications, including drug delivery, inferred that heat transfer is the most explored application domain. Comparing newly evolving microflow sensors will make the sensor selection easy for the user’s required microflow conditions. The effects of microchannel geometry and channel wall parameters on different microflow characteristic measurements are identified. This study will enhance the understanding of the performance of microflow systems by providing new flexibility in microfluidics. The study of microflow parameter measurements is reviewed in more depth, making its way for future microfluidic application developments.

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Sajeesh, P., A. Raj, M. Doble, and A. K. Sen. "Characterization and sorting of cells based on stiffness contrast in a microfluidic channel." RSC Advances 6, no. 78 (2016): 74704–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09099k.

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This paper reports the characterization and sorting of cells based on stiffness contrast. A microfluidic device with focusing and spacing control for stiffness based sorting of cells is designed, fabricated and demonstrated.

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Shen, Yigang, Yaxiaer Yalikun, and Yo Tanaka. "Recent advances in microfluidic cell sorting systems." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 282 (March 2019): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.11.025.

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Pazouki, Arman, and Dan Negrut. "Numerical investigation of microfluidic sorting of microtissues." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 72, no. 2 (July 2016): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2015.09.031.

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Nieuwstadt, Harm A., Robinson Seda, David S. Li, J. Brian Fowlkes, and Joseph L. Bull. "Microfluidic particle sorting utilizing inertial lift force." Biomedical Microdevices 13, no. 1 (September 24, 2010): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10544-010-9474-6.

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Yu, Zeta Tak For, Koh Meng Aw Yong, and Jianping Fu. "Microfluidic Blood Cell Sorting: Now and Beyond." Small 10, no. 9 (February 10, 2014): 1687–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201302907.

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Grigorev, Georgii V., Alexander V. Lebedev, Xiaohao Wang, Xiang Qian, George V. Maksimov, and Liwei Lin. "Advances in Microfluidics for Single Red Blood Cell Analysis." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010117.

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The utilizations of microfluidic chips for single RBC (red blood cell) studies have attracted great interests in recent years to filter, trap, analyze, and release single erythrocytes for various applications. Researchers in this field have highlighted the vast potential in developing micro devices for industrial and academia usages, including lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems. This article critically reviews the current state-of-the-art and recent advances of microfluidics for single RBC analyses, including integrated sensors and microfluidic platforms for microscopic/tomographic/spectroscopic single RBC analyses, trapping arrays (including bifurcating channels), dielectrophoretic and agglutination/aggregation studies, as well as clinical implications covering cancer, sepsis, prenatal, and Sickle Cell diseases. Microfluidics based RBC microarrays, sorting/counting and trapping techniques (including acoustic, dielectrophoretic, hydrodynamic, magnetic, and optical techniques) are also reviewed. Lastly, organs on chips, multi-organ chips, and drug discovery involving single RBC are described. The limitations and drawbacks of each technology are addressed and future prospects are discussed.

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Gonzalez, R., and E. Carnevale. "219 SORTING OF EQUINE SPERM USING A MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE AS A METHOD OF SPERM SELECTION FOR IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab219.

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Microfluidic technology can be used for sperm separation. Microfluidic devices generate a fluid flow to sort sperm from a media reservoir into a collection chamber. In the human and mouse, the use of microfluidic devices resulted in the selection of sperm with improved sperm motility, normal morphology, and DNA integrity for in vitro fertilization (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). With the use of microfluidic sperm separation, centrifugation can be eliminated, diminishing the risk of reactive oxygen species exposure and DNA damage. We hypothesised that equine sperm can be separated using a microfluidic sorting device (Fertile PlusTM Sperm Sorting Chip; DxNow, Worcester, MA, USA) to improve the quality of sperm for ICSI. The aim of our research was to evaluate sperm parameters, including motility, morphology, membrane integrity, and DNA integrity, in frozen-thawed samples of equine semen before and after sorting using the Fertile Plus Sperm Sorting Chip. Two experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, the microfluidic device was used to separate frozen-thawed semen samples (n = 10) from research stallions (n = 3) with good quality frozen semen; all semen was frozen by one method in our laboratory. In Experiment 2, clinical samples of frozen-thawed semen (n = 11) from 7 stallions were evaluated. The semen was of variable quality and frozen at different facilities. Sperm analyses included (1) motility, (2) morphology (Hancock stain, Animal Reproduction Systems, Chino, CA, USA), (3) live-dead sperm (Hancock stain), (4) membrane integrity (HOS, hypo-osmotic swelling test), and (5) DNA fragmentation (SCD, sperm chromatin dispersion). Two sample t-tests were used to compare sperm parameters. In Experiment 1, use of the Fertile Plus Sperm Sorting Chip improved sperm parameters between the original and sorted samples, respectively: sperm motility (37.2 ± 13.0% and 62.2 ± 15.6%; P = 0.002), normal morphology (60.1 ± 12.2% and 75.5 ± 9.7%; P = 0.006), percentage live sperm (55.8 ± 16.0% and 73.6 ± 12.9%; P = 0.03), HOS (33.7 ± 7.2% and 48 ± 9.7%; P = 0.001) and sperm DNA fragmentation (12.3 ± 4.4% and 5.6 ± 4.4%; P = 0.004). When the Fertile Plus Sperm Sorting Chip was used in Experiment 2 to separate frozen-thawed semen from various sources, improvements were noted between the original and sorted samples, respectively, with increased motility (22.0 ± 13.0% and 57.0 ± 11.6%; P = 0.0009), normal morphology (58.4 ± 9.6% and 74.0 ± 10.3%; P = 0.005), a higher percentage of live sperm (55.5 ± 11.2% and 68.3 ± 14.2%; P = 0.04), and decreased sperm DNA fragmentation (22.3 ± 14.7% and 8.2 ± 8.3%; P = 0.004); no effect was observed on HOS (21.2 ± 6.0% and 24.9 ± 11.5%; P = 0.19). Our results demonstrate that use of the Fertile Plus Sperm Sorting Chip resulted in a subpopulation of sperm with improved quality parameters. Separation of sperm using a microfluidic device has the potential to select sperm with desirable characteristics for equine assisted reproductive techniques.

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Ďuračíková, Kristína Kovalčíková, and Ivan Cimrák. "Computational Study of Inertial Flows in Helical Microchannels." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 3859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083859.

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The sorting of biological cells or particles immersed in a fluid is a frequent goal in the domain of microfluidics. One approach for such sorting is in using the inertial effects that are present in curved channels. In this study, we propose a new approach of inertial focusing of cells in microfluidic devices. The investigated channels had the form of a helical channel with a circular cross-section, and the cells were spherical. We identified the key parameters that influence the cell sorting results through multiple computational simulations using a modelling tool PyOIF within the package ESPResSo. We found that spherical cells could be sorted with respect to their size in helical channels since their stabilised positions are located in different parts of the channel cross section. The location of the stabilised position is a function of the fluid parameters, the geometrical parameters of the helical device, and the size of the immersed cells.

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Zhang, Jie, Shuhe Liu, Hang Yuan, Ruiqi Yong, Sixuan Duan, Yifan Li, Joseph Spencer, Eng Gee Lim, Limin Yu, and Pengfei Song. "Deep Learning for Microfluidic-Assisted Caenorhabditis elegans Multi-Parameter Identification Using YOLOv7." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (June 29, 2023): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071339.

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The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an ideal model organism for studying human diseases and genetics due to its transparency and suitability for optical imaging. However, manually sorting a large population of C. elegans for experiments is tedious and inefficient. The microfluidic-assisted C. elegans sorting chip is considered a promising platform to address this issue due to its automation and ease of operation. Nevertheless, automated C. elegans sorting with multiple parameters requires efficient identification technology due to the different research demands for worm phenotypes. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of multi-parameter sorting, we developed a deep learning model using You Only Look Once (YOLO)v7 to detect and recognize C. elegans automatically. We used a dataset of 3931 annotated worms in microfluidic chips from various studies. Our model showed higher precision in automated C. elegans identification than YOLOv5 and Faster R-CNN, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) at a 0.5 intersection over a union (mAP@0.5) threshold of 99.56%. Additionally, our model demonstrated good generalization ability, achieving an mAP@0.5 of 94.21% on an external validation set. Our model can efficiently and accurately identify and calculate multiple phenotypes of worms, including size, movement speed, and fluorescence. The multi-parameter identification model can improve sorting efficiency and potentially promote the development of automated and integrated microfluidic platforms.

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Tian, Yishen, Rong Hu, Guangshi Du, and Na Xu. "Microfluidic Chips: Emerging Technologies for Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy." Micromachines 14, no. 4 (April 19, 2023): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040877.

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Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a personalized therapy that has shown great success in treating hematologic malignancies in clinic, and has also demonstrated potential applications for solid tumors. The process of ACT involves multiple steps, including the separation of desired cells from patient tissues, cell engineering by virus vector systems, and infusion back into patients after strict tests to guarantee the quality and safety of the products. ACT is an innovative medicine in development; however, the multi-step method is time-consuming and costly, and the preparation of the targeted adoptive cells remains a challenge. Microfluidic chips are a novel platform with the advantages of manipulating fluid in micro/nano scales, and have been developed for various biological research applications as well as ACT. The use of microfluidics to isolate, screen, and incubate cells in vitro has the advantages of high throughput, low cell damage, and fast amplification rates, which can greatly simplify ACT preparation steps and reduce costs. Moreover, the customizable microfluidic chips fit the personalized demands of ACT. In this mini-review, we describe the advantages and applications of microfluidic chips for cell sorting, cell screening, and cell culture in ACT compared to other existing methods. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential outcomes of future microfluidics-related work in ACT.

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Pritchard, Robyn H., Alexander A. Zhukov, James N. Fullerton, Andrew J. Want, Fred Hussain, Mette F. la Cour, Mikhail E. Bashtanov, et al. "Cell sorting actuated by a microfluidic inertial vortex." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 14 (2019): 2456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00120d.

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