Journal articles: 'Microfluidic optical chip'

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Qu, Jian, Yi Liu, Yan Li, Jinjian Li, and Songhe Meng. "Microfluidic Chip with Fiber-Tip Sensors for Synchronously Monitoring Concentration and Temperature of Glucose Solutions." Sensors 23, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 2478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052478.

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Monitoring the properties of fluids in microfluidic chips often requires complex open-space optics technology and expensive equipment. In this work, we introduce dual-parameter optical sensors with fiber tips into the microfluidic chip. Multiple sensors were distributed in each channel of the chip, which enabled the real-time monitoring of the concentration and temperature of the microfluidics. The temperature sensitivity and glucose concentration sensitivity could reach 314 pm/°C and −0.678 dB/(g/L), respectively. The hemispherical probe hardly affected the microfluidic flow field. The integrated technology combined the optical fiber sensor with the microfluidic chip and was low cost with high performance. Therefore, we believe that the proposed microfluidic chip integrated with the optical sensor is beneficial for drug discovery, pathological research and material science investigation. The integrated technology has great application potential for micro total analysis systems (μ-TAS).

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Adamopoulos, Christos, Asmaysinh Gharia, Ali Niknejad, Vladimir Stojanović, and Mekhail Anwar. "Microfluidic Packaging Integration with Electronic-Photonic Biosensors Using 3D Printed Transfer Molding." Biosensors 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10110177.

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Multiplexed sensing in integrated silicon electronic-photonic platforms requires microfluidics with both high density micro-scale channels and meso-scale features to accommodate for optical, electrical, and fluidic coupling in small, millimeter-scale areas. Three-dimensional (3D) printed transfer molding offers a facile and rapid method to create both micro and meso-scale features in complex multilayer microfluidics in order to integrate with monolithic electronic-photonic system-on-chips with multiplexed rows of 5 μm radius micro-ring resonators (MRRs), allowing for simultaneous optical, electrical, and microfluidic coupling on chip. Here, we demonstrate this microfluidic packaging strategy on an integrated silicon photonic biosensor, setting the basis for highly multiplexed molecular sensing on-chip.

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Alhalaili, Badriyah, Ileana Nicoleta Popescu, Carmen Otilia Rusanescu, and Ruxandra Vidu. "Microfluidic Devices and Microfluidics-Integrated Electrochemical and Optical (Bio)Sensors for Pollution Analysis: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 12844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912844.

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An overview of the recent research works and trends in the design and fabrication of microfluidic devices and microfluidics-integrated biosensors for pollution analysis and monitoring of environmental contaminants is presented in this paper. In alignment with the tendency in miniaturization and integration into “lab on a chip” devices to reduce the use of reagents, energy, and implicit processing costs, the most common and newest materials used in the fabrication of microfluidic devices and microfluidics-integrated sensors and biosensors, the advantages and disadvantages of materials, fabrication methods, and the detection methods used for microfluidic environmental analysis are synthesized and evaluated.

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Paiè, Petra, Rebeca Martínez Vázquez, Roberto Osellame, Francesca Bragheri, and Andrea Bassi. "Microfluidic Based Optical Microscopes on Chip." Cytometry Part A 93, no. 10 (September 13, 2018): 987–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.23589.

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Ou, Xiaowen, Peng Chen, and Bi-Feng Liu. "Optical Technologies for Single-Cell Analysis on Microchips." Chemosensors 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11010040.

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Cell analysis at the single-cell level is of great importance to investigate the inherent heterogeneity of cell populations and to understand the morphology, composition, and function of individual cells. With the continuous innovation of analytical techniques and methods, single-cell analysis on microfluidic chip systems has been extensively applied for its precise single-cell manipulation and sensitive signal response integrated with various detection techniques, such as optical, electrical, and mass spectrometric analyses. In this review, we focus on the specific optical events in single-cell analysis on a microfluidic chip system. First, the four most commonly applied optical technologies, i.e., fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and interferometry, are briefly introduced. Then, we focus on the recent applications of the abovementioned optical technologies integrated with a microfluidic chip system for single-cell analysis. Finally, future directions of optical technologies for single-cell analysis on microfluidic chip systems are predicted.

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Kumar, Rahul, Hien Nguyen, Bruno Rente, Christabel Tan, Tong Sun, and Kenneth T. V. Grattan. "A Portable ‘Plug-and-Play’ Fibre Optic Sensor for In-Situ Measurements of pH Values for Microfluidic Applications." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (July 30, 2022): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081224.

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Microfluidics is used in many applications ranging from chemistry, medicine, biology and biomedical research, and the ability to measure pH values in-situ is an important parameter for creating and monitoring environments within a microfluidic chip for many such applications. We present a portable, optical fibre-based sensor for monitoring the pH based on the fluorescent intensity change of an acrylamidofluorescein dye, immobilized on the tip of a multimode optical fibre, and its performance is evaluated in-situ in a microfluidic channel. The sensor showed a sigmoid response over the pH range of 6.0–8.5, with a maximum sensitivity of 0.2/pH in the mid-range at pH 7.5. Following its evaluation, the sensor developed was used in a single microfluidic PDMS channel and its response was monitored for various flow rates within the channel. The results thus obtained showed that the sensor is sufficiently robust and well-suited to be used for measuring the pH value of the flowing liquid in the microchannel, allowing it to be used for a number of practical applications in ‘lab-on-a-chip’ applications where microfluidics are used. A key feature of the sensor is its simplicity and the ease of integrating the sensor with the microfluidic channel being probed.

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KOU, Q. "On-chip optical components and microfluidic systems." Microelectronic Engineering 73-74 (June 2004): 876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9317(04)00237-0.

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Hoera, Christian, Andreas Kiontke, Maik Pahl, and Detlev Belder. "A chip-integrated optical microfluidic pressure sensor." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 255 (February 2018): 2407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.08.195.

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Bissardon, Caroline, Xavier Mermet, Sophie Morales, Frédéric Bottausci, Marie Carriere, Florence Rivera, and Pierre Blandin. "Light sheet fluorescence microscope for microfluidic chip." EPJ Web of Conferences 238 (2020): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023804005.

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We present a light sheet fluorescence microscope dedicated to image “Organ-on-chip”-like biostructures in microfluidic chip. Based on a simple design, the setup is built around the chip and its environment to allow 3D imaging inside the chip in a microfluidic laboratory. The experimental setup, its optical characterization and first volumetric images are reported.

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Baczyński, Szymon, Piotr Sobotka, Kasper Marchlewicz, Artur Dybko, and Katarzyna Rutkowska. "Low-cost, widespread and reproducible mold fabrication technique for PDMS-based microfluidic photonic systems." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.981.

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In this letter the possibility of low-cost fabrication of molds for PDMS-based photonic microstructures is considered. For this purpose, three different commercially available techniques, namely UV-curing of the capillary film, 3D SLA printing and micromilling, have been analyzed. Obtained results have been compared in terms of prototyping time, quality, repeatability, and re-use of the mold for PDMS-based microstructures fabrication. Prospective use for photonic systems, especially optofluidic ones infiltrated with liquid crystalline materials, have been commented. Full Text: PDF References:K. Sangamesh, C.T. Laurencin, M. Deng, Natural and Synthetic Biomedical Polymers (Elsevier, Amsterdam 2004). [DirectLink]A. Mata et. al, "Characterization of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Properties for Biomedical Micro/Nanosystems", Biomed. Microdev. 7(4), 281 (2005). [CrossRef]I. Rodríguez-Ruiz et al., "Photonic Lab-on-a-Chip: Integration of Optical Spectroscopy in Microfluidic Systems", Anal. Chem. 88(13), 6630 (2016). [CrossRef]SYLGARD™ 184 Silicone Elastomer, Technical Data Sheet [DirectLink]N.E. Stankova et al., "Optical properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) during nanosecond laser processing", Appl. Surface Science 374, 96 (2016) [CrossRef]J.C. McDonald et al., "Fabrication of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane)", Electrophoresis 21(1), 27 (2000). [CrossRef]T. Fujii, "PDMS-based microfluidic devices for biomedical applications", Microelectronic Eng. 61, 907 (2002). [CrossRef]F. Schneider et al., "Process and material properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for Optical MEMS", Sensors Actuat. A: Physical 151(2), 95 (2009). [CrossRef]T.K. Shih et al., "Fabrication of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) microlens and diffuser using replica molding", Microelectronic Eng. 83(11-12), 2499 (2006). [CrossRef]K. Rutkowska et al. "Electrical tuning of the LC:PDMS channels", PLP, 9, 48-50 (2017). [CrossRef]D. Kalinowska et al., "Studies on effectiveness of PTT on 3D tumor model under microfluidic conditions using aptamer-modified nanoshells", Biosensors Bioelectr. 126, 214 (2019).[CrossRef]N. Bhattacharjee et al., "The upcoming 3D-printing revolution in microfluidics", Lab on a Chip 16(10), 1720 (2016). [CrossRef]I.R.G. Ogilvie et al., "Reduction of surface roughness for optical quality microfluidic devices in PMMA and COC", J. Micromech. Microeng. 20(6), 065016 (2010). [CrossRef]D. Gomez et al., "Femtosecond laser ablation for microfluidics", Opt. Eng. 44(5), 051105 (2005). [CrossRef]Y. Hwang, R.N. Candler, "Non-planar PDMS microfluidic channels and actuators: a review", Lab on a Chip 17(23), 3948 (2017). [CrossRef]

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Kojic, Sanja P., Goran M. Stojanovic, and Vasa Radonic. "Novel Cost-Effective Microfluidic Chip Based on Hybrid Fabrication and Its Comprehensive Characterization." Sensors 19, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071719.

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Microfluidics, one of the most attractive and fastest developed areas of modern science and technology, has found a number of applications in medicine, biology and chemistry. To address advanced designing challenges of the microfluidic devices, the research is mainly focused on development of efficient, low-cost and rapid fabrication technology with the wide range of applications. For the first time, this paper presents fabrication of microfluidic chips using hybrid fabrication technology—a grouping of the PVC (polyvinyl chloride) foils and the LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) Ceram Tape using a combination of a cost-effective xurography technique and a laser micromachining process. Optical and dielectric properties were determined for the fabricated microfluidic chips. A mechanical characterization of the Ceram Tape, as a middle layer in its non-baked condition, has been performed and Young’s modulus and hardness were determined. The obtained results confirm a good potential of the proposed technology for rapid fabrication of low-cost microfluidic chips with high reliability and reproducibility. The conducted microfluidic tests demonstrated that presented microfluidic chips can resist 3000 times higher flow rates than the chips manufactured using standard xurography technique.

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Yang, Ning, Pan Wang, Chen Pan, Chang-Hua Xiang, Liang-Liang Xie, and Han-Ping Mao. "Compensation method of error caused from maladjustment of optical path based on microfluidic chip." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 34n36 (December 30, 2018): 1840081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491840081x.

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Photometric detection plays a significant role in microfluidics technology. However, the mismatch between the solution concentration and the optical path length will increase detection error. In this study, we proposed a round microfluidic chip for concentration detection to obtain the continuous gradient distribution of concentration. The optimum absorbance can be found by dynamic accurately searching. The solution concentration will be accurately calculated finally according to the relationship between arc length and solution concentration. The overall detection process runs automatically. Under the optimization of injection velocity and concentration, the experimental result shows that the compensation ratio increases as the solution concentration increases. The compensation ratio in the detection of pesticide residue has already reached 14.22% and the reproducibility is acceptable. Therefore, this novel method lays the theoretical foundation for the research of high precision microfluidic photometric detection equipment.

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Grigorev, Georgii V., Alexander V. Lebedev, Xiaohao Wang, Xiang Qian, George V. Maksimov, and Liwei Lin. "Advances in Microfluidics for Single Red Blood Cell Analysis." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010117.

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The utilizations of microfluidic chips for single RBC (red blood cell) studies have attracted great interests in recent years to filter, trap, analyze, and release single erythrocytes for various applications. Researchers in this field have highlighted the vast potential in developing micro devices for industrial and academia usages, including lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems. This article critically reviews the current state-of-the-art and recent advances of microfluidics for single RBC analyses, including integrated sensors and microfluidic platforms for microscopic/tomographic/spectroscopic single RBC analyses, trapping arrays (including bifurcating channels), dielectrophoretic and agglutination/aggregation studies, as well as clinical implications covering cancer, sepsis, prenatal, and Sickle Cell diseases. Microfluidics based RBC microarrays, sorting/counting and trapping techniques (including acoustic, dielectrophoretic, hydrodynamic, magnetic, and optical techniques) are also reviewed. Lastly, organs on chips, multi-organ chips, and drug discovery involving single RBC are described. The limitations and drawbacks of each technology are addressed and future prospects are discussed.

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YANG Lu-xia, 杨潞霞, 郝晓剑 HAO Xiao-jian, 王春水 WANG Chun-shui, 张斌珍 ZHANG Bin-zhen, and 王万军 WANG Wan-jun. "Three-dimensional focusing microfluidic chip." Optics and Precision Engineering 21, no. 9 (2013): 2309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20132109.2309.

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Dietvorst, Jiri, Jeroen Goyvaerts, Tobias Nils Ackermann, Erica Alvarez, Xavier Muñoz-Berbel, and Andreu Llobera. "Microfluidic-controlled optical router for lab on a chip." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 12 (2019): 2081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00143c.

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Wu, Shigang, Xin Wang, Zongwen Li, Shijie Zhang, and Fei Xing. "Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Application of Graphene Microfluidic Sensors." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121059.

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This review reports the progress of the recent development of graphene-based microfluidic sensors. The introduction of microfluidics technology provides an important possibility for the advance of graphene biosensor devices for a broad series of applications including clinical diagnosis, biological detection, health, and environment monitoring. Compared with traditional (optical, electrochemical, and biological) sensing systems, the combination of graphene and microfluidics produces many advantages, such as achieving miniaturization, decreasing the response time and consumption of chemicals, improving the reproducibility and sensitivity of devices. This article reviews the latest research progress of graphene microfluidic sensors in the fields of electrochemistry, optics, and biology. Here, the latest development trends of graphene-based microfluidic sensors as a new generation of detection tools in material preparation, device assembly, and chip materials are summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the working principles and applications of graphene-based microfluidic biosensors, especially in the detection of nucleic acid molecules, protein molecules, and bacterial cells. This article also discusses the challenges and prospects of graphene microfluidic biosensors.

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Kim, Hojin, Alexander Zhbanov, and Sung Yang. "Microfluidic Systems for Blood and Blood Cell Characterization." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010013.

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A laboratory blood test is vital for assessing a patient’s health and disease status. Advances in microfluidic technology have opened the door for on-chip blood analysis. Currently, microfluidic devices can reproduce myriad routine laboratory blood tests. Considerable progress has been made in microfluidic cytometry, blood cell separation, and characterization. Along with the usual clinical parameters, microfluidics makes it possible to determine the physical properties of blood and blood cells. We review recent advances in microfluidic systems for measuring the physical properties and biophysical characteristics of blood and blood cells. Added emphasis is placed on multifunctional platforms that combine several microfluidic technologies for effective cell characterization. The combination of hydrodynamic, optical, electromagnetic, and/or acoustic methods in a microfluidic device facilitates the precise determination of various physical properties of blood and blood cells. We analyzed the physical quantities that are measured by microfluidic devices and the parameters that are determined through these measurements. We discuss unexplored problems and present our perspectives on the long-term challenges and trends associated with the application of microfluidics in clinical laboratories. We expect the characterization of the physical properties of blood and blood cells in a microfluidic environment to be considered a standard blood test in the future.

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Zhang, Wu Ming, Zhen Yu Li, Tao Chen, Jian Jiang Yao, Yang Lv, Min Li, and Guang Li. "A Hybrid-Structured Microfluidic Chip Developed for ATP Bioluminescence Detection." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.563.

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A hybrid-structured microfluidic chip integrating optical fiber sensing technology and bioluminescence chemical reaction mechanism was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP). This microfluidic chip was fabricated with five distinct layers for the successive steps of sample-enzyme reagent mixing, bioluminescence chemical reaction and scatting light collection. The experimental results demonstrated that the provided hybrid-structure improved the sensitivity, response time, reagent consumption and other properties of chip. This improvement enables the microfluidic chip to attain a sensitive ATP detection in the range from 10-9to 10-4M with excellent linearity (R2= 0.9967), low detection error (CV < 15%), and tiny reagent consumption (< 20 μL). These achievements thus indicated that the chip developed in this study possess the advantages such as high sensitivity, quick-response and small reagent consumption.

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Glinkowska Mares, Adrianna, Natalia Feiner-Gracia, Yolanda Muela, Gema Martínez, Lidia Delgado, Lorenzo Albertazzi, and Silvia Pujals. "Towards Cellular Ultrastructural Characterization in Organ-on-a-Chip by Transmission Electron Microscopy." Applied Nano 2, no. 4 (September 30, 2021): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applnano2040021.

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Organ-on-a-chip technology is a 3D cell culture breakthrough of the last decade. This rapidly developing field of bioengineering intertwined with microfluidics provides new insights into disease development and preclinical drug screening. So far, optical and fluorescence microscopy are the most widely used methods to monitor and extract information from these models. Meanwhile transmission electron microscopy (TEM), despite its wide use for the characterization of nanomaterials and biological samples, remains unexplored in this area. In our work we propose a TEM sample preparation method, that allows to process a microfluidic chip without its prior deconstruction, into TEM-compatible specimens. We demonstrated preparation of tumor blood vessel-on-a-chip model and consecutive steps to preserve the endothelial cells lining microfluidic channel, for the chip’s further transformation into ultrathin sections. This approach allowed us to obtain cross-sections of the microchannel with cells cultured inside, and to observe cell adaptation to the channel geometry, as well as the characteristic for endothelial cells tight junctions. The proposed sample preparation method facilitates the electron microscopy ultrastructural characterization of biological samples cultured in organ-on-a-chip device.

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Hassan, Sammer-ul, and Xunli Zhang. "Design and Fabrication of Optical Flow Cell for Multiplex Detection of β-lactamase in Microchannels." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040385.

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Miniaturized quantitative assays offer multiplexing capability in a microfluidic device for high-throughput applications such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) studies. The detection of these multiple microchannels in a single microfluidic device becomes crucial for point-of-care (POC) testing and clinical diagnostics. This paper showcases an optical flow cell for detection of parallel microchannels in a microfluidic chip. The flow cell operates by measuring the light intensity from the microchannels based on Beer-Lambert law in a linearly moving chip. While this platform could be tailored for a wide variety of applications, here we show the design, fabrication and working principle of the device. β-lactamase, an indicator of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, especially in milk, is shown as an example. The flow cell has a small footprint and uses low-powered, low-cost components, which makes it ideally suited for use in portable devices that require multiple sample detection in a single chip.

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Levy, Uriel, Kyle Campbell, Alex Groisman, Shayan Mookherjea, and Yeshaiahu Fainman. "On-chip microfluidic tuning of an optical microring resonator." Applied Physics Letters 88, no. 11 (March 13, 2006): 111107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2182111.

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Fleger, Markus, and Andreas Neyer. "PDMS microfluidic chip with integrated waveguides for optical detection." Microelectronic Engineering 83, no. 4-9 (April 2006): 1291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.086.

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Wei, Yu-Jia, Ya-Nan Zhao, Xuan Zhang, Xing Wei, Ming-Li Chen, and Xu-Wei Chen. "Biochemical analysis based on optical detection integrated microfluidic chip." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 158 (January 2023): 116865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116865.

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Ahmed, Isteaque, Katherine Sullivan, and Aashish Priye. "Multi-Resin Masked Stereolithography (MSLA) 3D Printing for Rapid and Inexpensive Prototyping of Microfluidic Chips with Integrated Functional Components." Biosensors 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080652.

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Stereolithography based 3D printing of microfluidics for prototyping has gained a lot of attention due to several advantages such as fast production, cost-effectiveness, and versatility over traditional photolithography-based microfabrication techniques. However, existing consumer focused SLA 3D printers struggle to fabricate functional microfluidic devices due to several challenges associated with micron-scale 3D printing. Here, we explore the origins and mechanism of the associated failure modes followed by presenting guidelines to overcome these challenges. The prescribed method works completely with existing consumer class inexpensive SLA printers without any modifications to reliably print PDMS cast microfluidic channels with channel sizes as low as ~75 μm and embedded channels with channel sizes as low ~200 μm. We developed a custom multi-resin formulation by incorporating Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and Ethylene glycol polyether acrylate (EGPEA) as the monomer units to achieve micron sized printed features with tunable mechanical and optical properties. By incorporating multiple resins with different mechanical properties, we were able to achieve spatial control over the stiffness of the cured resin enabling us to incorporate both flexible and rigid components within a single 3D printed microfluidic chip. We demonstrate the utility of this technique by 3D printing an integrated pressure-actuated pneumatic valve (with flexible cured resin) in an otherwise rigid and clear microfluidic device that can be fabricated in a one-step process from a single CAD file. We also demonstrate the utility of this technique by integrating a fully functional finger-actuated microfluidic pump. The versatility and accessibility of the demonstrated fabrication method have the potential to reduce our reliance on expensive and time-consuming photolithographic techniques for microfluidic chip fabrication and thus drastically lowering our barrier to entry in microfluidics research.

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Ji, Miaomiao, Junping Duan, Wenxuan Zang, Zhongbao Luo, Zeng Qu, Xiaohong Li, and Binzhen Zhang. "Ultra-high precision passive particle sorting chip coupling inertial microfluidics and single row micropillar arrays." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 4 (March 7, 2022): 045004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac56e9.

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Abstract In this work, we propose a chip for high-throughput and high-precision particle sorting through coupled inertial microfluidics and a single-row micropillar array. The effect of a single-row micropillar array arrangement on the separation effect was studied in order to optimize the structure. The micropillar array was set to be 1/4 away from the outlet. The offset single row micropillar array can achieve higher precision sorting effect after optimization. Compared with cascaded deterministic lateral displacement arrays to the outer spiral, this structure not only reduces the chip size, but also has a lower blocking probability. In addition, the problem of flow resistance mismatch is avoided. Our chip sorting efficiency is higher in comparison with pure inertial microfluidic chip. Our chip successfully completely separated a small amount of 20 μm particles from the mixture of 5 μm particles and 20 μm particles through experiments, and the separation efficiency was close to 100%. Our chip structure has simple processing technology and low cost, which is suitable for the high-precision separation of two different particle sizes. High flux can be achieved by using passive separation technology. The chip can withstand a maximum flow rate of 9.4 m s−1. In general, it provides a new idea for ultra-high precision particle separation and microfluidic chip manufacturing at high flow rates.

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WANG, Hong, Jie ZHENG, Yan-peng YAN, Song WANG, Hao-zheng LI, and Jian-guo CUI. "Drop driving on digital microfluidic chip." Optics and Precision Engineering 28, no. 11 (2020): 2488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/ope.20202811.2488.

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Gharib, Ghazaleh, İsmail Bütün, Zülâl Muganlı, Gül Kozalak, İlayda Namlı, Seyedali Seyedmirzaei Sarraf, Vahid Ebrahimpour Ahmadi, Erçil Toyran, Andre J. van Wijnen, and Ali Koşar. "Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review." Biosensors 12, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12111023.

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Both passive and active microfluidic chips are used in many biomedical and chemical applications to support fluid mixing, particle manipulations, and signal detection. Passive microfluidic devices are geometry-dependent, and their uses are rather limited. Active microfluidic devices include sensors or detectors that transduce chemical, biological, and physical changes into electrical or optical signals. Also, they are transduction devices that detect biological and chemical changes in biomedical applications, and they are highly versatile microfluidic tools for disease diagnosis and organ modeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advances that have been made in the development of microfluidics devices. We will discuss the function of microfluidic devices as micromixers or as sorters of cells and substances (e.g., microfiltration, flow or displacement, and trapping). Microfluidic devices are fabricated using a range of techniques, including molding, etching, three-dimensional printing, and nanofabrication. Their broad utility lies in the detection of diagnostic biomarkers and organ-on-chip approaches that permit disease modeling in cancer, as well as uses in neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. Biosensor applications allow for point-of-care testing, using assays based on enzymes, nanozymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). An anticipated development in the field includes the optimization of techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices using biocompatible materials. These developments will increase biomedical versatility, reduce diagnostic costs, and accelerate diagnosis time of microfluidics technology.

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HUANG, GUOLIANG, XIAOYONG YANG, JIANG ZHU, SHUKUAN XU, CHENG DENG, and CHAO HAN. "DETECTION AND APPLICATION OF MICROFLUIDIC ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION ON CHIP." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 01, no. 02 (October 2008): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545808000248.

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Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel nucleic acid amplification method. Compared with the widely utilized polymerase chain reaction (PCR), LAMP has higher speed and efficiency as well as lower requirement for system temperature control because the whole amplification process is isothermal and no efforts are needed to switch between different temperatures. In this paper, we designed and fabricated different kinds of polycarbonate (PC) microfluid chips, explored appropriate reaction condition for LAMP in microenvironment (1 nL → 10 μL), and developed a microfluidic isothermal amplification detection system. The DNA optimal amplification temperature is obtained; the starting time of exponential amplification of DNA is put forward farther. The optimal condition of DNA amplification in microenvironment, with a little reaction materials and early starting exponential amplification time of DNA are very important for clinic DNA detection and the application of Lab-on-a-Chip.

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Zhang, Zhang, Jing Pan, Yao Tang, Yue Xu, Lei Zhang, Yuan Gong, and Limin Tong. "Optical micro/nanofibre embedded soft film enables multifunctional flow sensing in microfluidic chips." Lab on a Chip 20, no. 14 (2020): 2572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0lc00178c.

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Trotta, Gianluca, Rebeca Martínez Vázquez, Annalisa Volpe, Francesco Modica, Antonio Ancona, Irene Fassi, and Roberto Osellame. "Disposable Optical Stretcher Fabricated by Microinjection Moulding." Micromachines 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2018): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9080388.

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Microinjection moulding combined with the use of removable inserts is one of the most promising manufacturing processes for microfluidic devices, such as lab-on-chip, that have the potential to revolutionize the healthcare and diagnosis systems. In this work, we have designed, fabricated and tested a compact and disposable plastic optical stretcher. To produce the mould inserts, two micro manufacturing technologies have been used. Micro electro discharge machining (µEDM) was used to reproduce the inverse of the capillary tube connection characterized by elevated aspect ratio. The high accuracy of femtosecond laser micromachining (FLM) was exploited to manufacture the insert with perfectly aligned microfluidic channels and fibre slots, facilitating the final composition of the optical manipulation device. The optical stretcher operation was tested using microbeads and red blood cells solutions. The prototype presented in this work demonstrates the feasibility of this approach, which should guarantee real mass production of ready-to-use lab-on-chip devices.

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Chang, Di, Shinya Sakuma, Kota Kera, Nobuyuki Uozumi, and Fumihito Arai. "Measurement of the mechanical properties of single Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 cells in different osmotic concentrations using a robot-integrated microfluidic chip." Lab on a Chip 18, no. 8 (2018): 1241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7lc01245d.

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Faigle, Christoph, Franziska Lautenschläger, Graeme Whyte, Philip Homewood, Estela Martín-Badosa, and Jochen Guck. "A monolithic glass chip for active single-cell sorting based on mechanical phenotyping." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 5 (2015): 1267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc01196a.

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Leça, João M., Yannis Magalhães, Paulo Antunes, Vanda Pereira, and Marta S. Ferreira. "Real-Time Measurement of Refractive Index Using 3D-Printed Optofluidic Fiber Sensor." Sensors 22, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 9377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239377.

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This work describes a 3D-printed optofluidic fiber sensor to measure refractive index in real time, combining a microfluidic system with an optical fiber extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer. The microfluidic chip platform was developed for this purpose through 3D printing. The Fabry–Perot cavity was incorporated in the microfluidic chip perpendicularly to the sample flow, which was of approximately 3.7 µL/s. The optofluidic fiber sensor platform coupled with a low-cost optical power meter detector was characterized using different concentrations of glucose solutions. In the linear regression analysis, the optical power shift was correlated with the refractive index and a sensitivity of −86.6 dB/RIU (r2 = 0.996) was obtained. Good results were obtained in terms of stability with a maximum standard deviation of 0.03 dB and a sensor resolution of 5.2 × 10−4 RIU. The feasibility of the optofluidic fiber sensor for dynamic analyses of refractive index with low sample usage was confirmed through real-time measurements.

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Kim, Soohong, Gabriel Dorlhiac, Rodrigo Cotrim Chaves, Mansi Zalavadia, and Aaron Streets. "Paper-thin multilayer microfluidic devices with integrated valves." Lab on a Chip 21, no. 7 (2021): 1287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0lc01217c.

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The “thin-chip” provides the functionality of multilayer PDMS microfluidic devices with integrated valves, in a paper-thin form factor, enabling integration with advanced optical microscopy and magnetic trapping.

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Markovic, Tomislav, Juncheng Bao, Gertjan Maenhout, Ilja Ocket, and Bart Nauwelaers. "An Interdigital Capacitor for Microwave Heating at 25 GHz and Wideband Dielectric Sensing of nL Volumes in Continuous Microfluidics." Sensors 19, no. 3 (February 10, 2019): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030715.

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This paper proposes a miniature microwave-microfluidic chip based on continuous microfluidics and a miniature interdigital capacitor (IDC). The novel chip consists of three individually accessible heaters, three platinum temperature sensors and two liquid cooling and mixing zones. The IDC is designed to achieve localized, fast and uniform heating of nanoliter volumes flowing through the microfluidic channel. The heating performance of the IDC located on the novel chip was evaluated using a fluorescent dye (Rhodamine B) diluted in demineralized water on a novel microwave-optical-fluidic (MOF) measurement setup. The MOF setup allows simultaneous microwave excitation of the IDC by means of a custom-made printed circuit board (connected to microwave equipment) placed in a top stage of a microscope, manipulation of liquid flowing through the channel located over the IDC with a pump and optical inspection of the same liquid flowing over the IDC using a fast camera, a light source and the microscope. The designed IDC brings a liquid volume of around 1.2 nL from room temperature to 100 °C in 21 ms with 1.58 W at 25 GHz. Next to the heating capability, the designed IDC can dielectrically sense the flowing liquid. Liquid sensing was evaluated on different concentration of water-isopropanol mixtures, and a reflection coefficient magnitude change of 6 dB was recorded around 8.1 GHz, while the minimum of the reflection coefficient magnitude shifted in the same frequency range for 60 MHz.

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Kotz, Frederik, Markus Mader, Nils Dellen, Patrick Risch, Andrea Kick, Dorothea Helmer, and Bastian Rapp. "Fused Deposition Modeling of Microfluidic Chips in Polymethylmethacrylate." Micromachines 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2020): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090873.

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Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most important thermoplastic materials and is a widely used material in microfluidics. However, PMMA is usually structured using industrial scale replication processes, such as hot embossing or injection molding, not compatible with rapid prototyping. In this work, we demonstrate that microfluidic chips made from PMMA can be 3D printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM). We demonstrate that using FDM microfluidic chips with a minimum channel cross-section of ~300 µm can be printed and a variety of different channel geometries and mixer structures are shown. The optical transparency of the chips is shown to be significantly enhanced by printing onto commercial PMMA substrates. The use of such commercial PMMA substrates also enables the integration of PMMA microstructures into the printed chips, by first generating a microstructure on the PMMA substrates, and subsequently printing the PMMA chip around the microstructure. We further demonstrate that protein patterns can be generated within previously printed microfluidic chips by employing a method of photobleaching. The FDM printing of microfluidic chips in PMMA allows the use of one of microfluidics’ most used industrial materials on the laboratory scale and thus significantly simplifies the transfer from results gained in the lab to an industrial product.

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Wang Yu, 王宇, 郝鹏 Hao Peng, 武俊峰 Wu Junfeng, 徐阳 Xu Yang, 邓永波 Deng Yongbo, and 吴一辉 Wu Yihui. "Optical Detection System of Centrifugal Microfluidic Chip for Biochemical Analysis." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 52, no. 12 (2015): 121701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop52.121701.

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Su, Johnny P., Rahul Chandwani, Simon S. Gao, Alex D. Pechauer, Miao Zhang, Jie Wang, Yali Jia, David Huang, and Gangjun Liu. "Calibration of optical coherence tomography angiography with a microfluidic chip." Journal of Biomedical Optics 21, no. 08 (August 24, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.21.8.086015.

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Yang, Tianhang, Jinxian Wang, Sining Lv, Songjing Li, and Gangyin Luo. "Thermodynamic Characterization of a Highly Transparent Microfluidic Chip with Multiple On-Chip Temperature Control Units." Crystals 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060856.

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Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a functional material with great transparency, machinability, electrical conductivity and thermo–sensitivity. Based on its excellent thermoelectric performance, we designed and fabricated a multilayer transparent microfluidic chip with multiple sets of on–chip heating, local temperature measurement and positive on–chip cooling function units. Temperature control plays a significant role in microfluidic approaches, especially in the devices that are designed for bioengineering, chemical synthesis and disease detection. The transparency of the chip contributes to achieve the real–time observation of fluid flow and optical detection. The chip consists of a temperature control layer made with an etched ITO deposited glass, a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) fluid layer, a PDMS cooling and flow control layer. The performances of the ITO on–chip microheaters, ITO on–chip temperature sensors and two coolants were tested and analyzed in different working conditions. The positive on–chip heating and cooling were proved to be area-specific under a large temperature–regulating range. This PDMS–ITO–glass based chip could be applied to both temporal and spatial stable temperature–regulating principles for various purposes.

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Kim, Ka Ram, Hyeong Jin Chun, Kyung Won Lee, Kwan Young Jeong, Jae-Ho Kim, and Hyun C. Yoon. "Wash-free non-spectroscopic optical immunoassay by controlling retroreflective microparticle movement in a microfluidic chip." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 23 (2019): 3931–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00973f.

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A wash-free nonspectroscopic optical immunoassay system by controlling retroreflective Janus microparticles movement in a microfluidic chip was developed to minimize random errors under the point-of-care testing environment.

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Narayan, Advaith, Mingyang Cui, and J. Mark Meacham. "Using motile cells to characterize surface acoustic wave-based acoustofluidic devices." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015453.

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Acoustic microfluidics is a robust and powerful method to manipulate cells and cell-like particles on chip, having good biocompatibility and ease of incorporation into multioperation microfluidic devices compared to optical manipulation. However, the use of acoustic microfluidics is largely confined to research settings. The primary barrier to translation of this technology toward clinical and industrial uses is the inability to experimentally determine the pressure field (shape and amplitude) and associated acoustophoretic forces in real time as device conditions vary. Despite the multitude of previous characterization methods, none provide the flexibility of motile cells (e.g., the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) as probes to map evolving pressure fields on chip. We have previously developed this approach for use with bulk acoustic wave (BAW)-based devices. Here, we extend the method to qualitatively assess device resonances and relative field strengths for surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based devices with straight channels and circular chambers driven at 6 MHz and 20 MHz. The fabrication and electrical characterization of hybrid BAW/SAW devices with glass channels are also discussed. Upon testing, the optimal device operating parameters are identified using impedance measurements, as well as visual identification of resonant frequencies using the swimming algae cells.

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Elias, Jinane, Pascal Etienne, Sylvie Calas-Etienne, and Laurent Duffours. "Hybrid Organic-Inorganic photoresists, a promising class of materials for Optofluidic integration." EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 16001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921516001.

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Through the efforts to fuse planar optics and microfluidics in order to produce dye lasers, biosensors, trapping and cell sorting device, we can notice the rising interest in optofluidics since early and mid 2000's. However mass production of these devices heavily relies on fast and easy patterning of the constituent material. PDMS, being one of these materials, gained an added value because of its elasticity, hydrophobicity and permeability to gaz. Nonetheless, these specifications are not convenient for all types of applications. The growing capability to use Hybrid Organic-Inorganic materials for the fabrication of integrated optics components and microfluidic channels is what makes this class of materials an ideal candidate for this integration. This work aims to implement, on the same chip, an optical and a microfluidic layer using Sol-Gel processing of Organic-Inorganic materials. The interest in this vertical integration arises from the need to manipulate the fluid in the microchannels using evanescent field optical pressure.

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Chen, Yih Yang, Pamuditha N. Silva, Abdullah Muhammad Syed, Shrey Sindhwani, Jonathan V. Rocheleau, and Warren C. W. Chan. "Clarifying intact 3D tissues on a microfluidic chip for high-throughput structural analysis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 52 (December 12, 2016): 14915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609569114.

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On-chip imaging of intact three-dimensional tissues within microfluidic devices is fundamentally hindered by intratissue optical scattering, which impedes their use as tissue models for high-throughput screening assays. Here, we engineered a microfluidic system that preserves and converts tissues into optically transparent structures in less than 1 d, which is 20× faster than current passive clearing approaches. Accelerated clearing was achieved because the microfluidic system enhanced the exchange of interstitial fluids by 567-fold, which increased the rate of removal of optically scattering lipid molecules from the cross-linked tissue. Our enhanced clearing process allowed us to fluorescently image and map the segregation and compartmentalization of different cells during the formation of tumor spheroids, and to track the degradation of vasculature over time within extracted murine pancreatic islets in static culture, which may have implications on the efficacy of beta-cell transplantation treatments for type 1 diabetes. We further developed an image analysis algorithm that automates the analysis of the vasculature connectivity, volume, and cellular spatial distribution of the intact tissue. Our technique allows whole tissue analysis in microfluidic systems, and has implications in the development of organ-on-a-chip systems, high-throughput drug screening devices, and in regenerative medicine.

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Smeraldo, Alessio, Alfonso Maria Ponsiglione, Paolo Antonio Netti, and Enza Torino. "Tuning of Hydrogel Architectures by Ionotropic Gelation in Microfluidics: Beyond Batch Processing to Multimodal Diagnostics." Biomedicines 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111551.

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Microfluidics is emerging as a promising tool to control physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and to accelerate clinical translation. Indeed, microfluidic-based techniques offer more advantages in nanomedicine over batch processes, allowing fine-tuning of process parameters. In particular, the use of microfluidics to produce nanoparticles has paved the way for the development of nano-scaled structures for improved detection and treatment of several diseases. Here, ionotropic gelation is implemented in a custom-designed microfluidic chip to produce different nanoarchitectures based on chitosan-hyaluronic acid polymers. The selected biomaterials provide biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxic properties to the formulation, making it promising for nanomedicine applications. Furthermore, results show that morphological structures can be tuned through microfluidics by controlling the flow rates. Aside from the nanostructures, the ability to encapsulate gadolinium contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging and a dye for optical imaging is demonstrated. In conclusion, the polymer nanoparticles here designed revealed the dual capability of enhancing the relaxometric properties of gadolinium by attaining Hydrodenticity and serving as a promising nanocarrier for multimodal imaging applications.

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Zhu, Shu, Hailang Dai, Bei Jiang, Zhenhua Shen, and Xianfeng Chen. "Efficient microfluidic photocatalysis in a symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 6 (2016): 4585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp06813d.

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In this paper, a symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide based microfluidic chip with a self-organized and free-standing TiO₂ nanotube membrane was utilized to perform efficient photocatalysis.

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Bruijns, Brigitte, Andrea Veciana, Roald Tiggelaar, and Han Gardeniers. "Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Microfluidic Devices for Forensic Applications." Biosensors 9, no. 3 (July 4, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9030085.

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Microfluidic devices offer important benefits for forensic applications, in particular for fast tests at a crime scene. A large portion of forensic applications require microfluidic chip material to show compatibility with biochemical reactions (such as amplification reactions), and to have high transparency in the visible region and high chemical resistance. Also, preferably, manufacturing should be simple. The characteristic properties of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) fulfills these requirements and offers new opportunities for the development of new forensic tests. In this work, the versatility of COC as material for lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems in forensic applications has been explored by realizing two proof-of-principle devices. Chemical resistance and optical transparency were investigated for the development of an on-chip presumptive color test to indicate the presence of an illicit substance through applying absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, the compatibility of COC with a DNA amplification reaction was verified by performing an on-chip multiple displacement amplification (MDA) reaction.

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Dawson, Harry, Jinane Elias, Pascal Etienne, and Sylvie Calas-Etienne. "The Rise of the OM-LoC: Opto-Microfluidic Enabled Lab-on-Chip." Micromachines 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121467.

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The integration of optical circuits with microfluidic lab-on-chip (LoC) devices has resulted in a new era of potential in terms of both sample manipulation and detection at the micro-scale. On-chip optical components increase both control and analytical capabilities while reducing reliance on expensive laboratory photonic equipment that has limited microfluidic development. Notably, in-situ LoC devices for bio-chemical applications such as diagnostics and environmental monitoring could provide great value as low-cost, portable and highly sensitive systems. Multiple challenges remain however due to the complexity involved with combining photonics with micro-fabricated systems. Here, we aim to highlight the progress that optical on-chip systems have made in recent years regarding the main LoC applications: (1) sample manipulation and (2) detection. At the same time, we aim to address the constraints that limit industrial scaling of this technology. Through evaluating various fabrication methods, material choices and novel approaches of optic and fluidic integration, we aim to illustrate how optic-enabled LoC approaches are providing new possibilities for both sample analysis and manipulation.

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Chen, Jackie, Weisong Wang, Ji Fang, and Kody Varahramyan. "Variable-focusing microlens with microfluidic chip." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 14, no. 5 (March 18, 2004): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/14/5/003.

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Wu, Yuanzi, Ye Jiang, Xiaoshan Zheng, Shasha Jia, Zhi Zhu, Bin Ren, and Hongwei Ma. "Facile fabrication of microfluidic surface-enhanced Raman scattering devices via lift-up lithography." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 4 (April 2018): 172034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172034.

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We describe a facile and low-cost approach for a flexibly integrated surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate in microfluidic chips. Briefly, a SERS substrate was fabricated by the electrostatic assembling of gold nanoparticles, and shaped into designed patterns by subsequent lift-up soft lithography. The SERS micro-pattern could be further integrated within microfluidic channels conveniently. The resulting microfluidic SERS chip allowed ultrasensitive in situ SERS monitoring from the transparent glass window. With its advantages in simplicity, functionality and cost-effectiveness, this method could be readily expanded into optical microfluidic fabrication for biochemical applications.

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Al-aqbi, Zaidon T., Salim Albukhaty, Ameerah M. Zarzoor, Ghassan M. Sulaiman, Khalil A. A. Khalil, Tareg Belali, and Mohamed T. A. Soliman. "A Novel Microfluidic Device for Blood Plasma Filtration." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030336.

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The use of whole blood and some biological specimens, such as urine, saliva, and seminal fluid are limited in clinical laboratory analysis due to the interference of proteins with other small molecules in the matrix and blood cells with optical detection methods. Previously, we developed a microfluidic device featuring an electrokinetic size and mobility trap (SMT) for on-chip extract, concentrate, and separate small molecules from a biological sample like whole blood. The device was used to on-chip filtrate the whole blood from the blood cells and plasma proteins and then on-chip extract and separate the aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs within 3 min. Herein, a novel microfluidic device featuring a nano-junction similar to those reported in the previous work formed by dielectric breakdown was developed for on-chip filtration and out-chip collection of blood plasma with a high extraction yield of 62% within less than 5 min. The filtered plasma was analyzed using our previous device to show the ability of this new device to remove blood cells and plasma proteins. The filtration device shows a high yield of plasma allowing it to detect a low concentration of analytes from the whole blood.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microfluidic optical chip'

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